IELTS Reading Exam - Answer Matching Headings Questions

雅思考試 — 閱讀 標題對應題

Hi!

嗨！

I’m Martin.

我是Martin。

Welcome to Oxford Online English.

歡迎來到Oxford Online English。

Are you taking the IELTS examination?

您要參加雅思考試嗎？

What do you know about the reading paper?

對於閱讀，您了解什麼？

Are you having problems with any of the question types?

您在哪一種題型有疑問？

In this lesson, you're going to learn how to complete matching headings questions in

在本節課裡，您會學到怎麼在 雅思閱讀考試裡完成

the IELTS reading exam.

標題對應題。

Part 1: basic tips for the matching headings section.

第一部分：標題對應單元的 基礎技巧。

Matching headings is often one of the most difficult question types for students.

對同學們來說，標題對應通常是 最難題型裡的一種。

Why?

為什麼？

The main reason is that the headings are usually very similar to each other.

主要的理由是標題通常 意思都很相似。

Also, you have more headings than you need for the question.

您有的標題數目也比您要回答 問題的標題數目多。

So, how can we make this a little easier?

所以，我們要怎樣做這個更容易一些呢？

Firstly, if there’s an example - and there usually is - cross out that answer.

首先，如果有一個範例 — 通常是要劃掉那個答案。

You don’t need it; don’t let it confuse you.

您不需要它； 不要讓它混淆您。

Also, the example isn’t always the first paragraph, so make sure you check carefully.

範例也不會總是第一個段落， 所以您要小心地檢查。

Secondly, check how many questions you need to answer.

其次，檢查您要回答 多少個問題。

How many extra answers are there?

那裡有多少額外的答案？

If you are matching headings, do not use any answer more than once.

如果您要配對，不要使用 任何回答超過一次。

Finally, and most importantly, you do not need to read the whole text!

最後，最重要的是，您不必 讀完整篇文字內容！

You don’t have time.

您沒有時間。

You get marks for answering the questions, not understanding the whole text.

您因為回答問題而得分，而不是 因為理解整篇內容。

Your only job is to choose the correct answers.

您唯一要做的是選擇正確的答案。

So, how can we find them?

那麼，我們要怎樣找到它們？

Part 2: how to answer a matching headings question.

第二部分：怎麼回答一個 標題對應題。

Take a look at these headings:

看一下這些標題：

1.

1.

How wildlife benefits from big trees 2.

How wildlife benefits from big trees 2.

How large trees are being destroyed 3.

How large trees are being destroyed 3.

How to support a functioning ecosystem

How to support a functioning ecosystem

Before you read any of the text, one technique is to read the headings first.

在您閱讀任何文字內容之前， 首先有一個閱讀標題的技巧。

Read the headings and think about the topic of the text.

閱讀標題，並考慮文字 內容的主旨。

So, what were your ideas?

所以，您的觀點是什麼？

Something about trees?

某些與樹木有關的？

The environment?

環境？

Now, let’s take a look at the first paragraph.

現在，我們看一下第一段。

That is a lot of text.

那有很多文字。

We could read it all, but why would we?

我們可以全部讀完它，但是， 我們為什麼要讀完它？

We don’t need the details, we just need to work out what the main idea of the paragraph

我們不需要細節，我們只需要 找出段落的主要觀點

is.

是什麼。

And, to do that, we only need the first, second and last sentences.

同時，要做那個，我們只需要 第一、第二和最後一句。

Much better.

太好了。

Read the first sentence.

讀第一句。

Most paragraphs will start with a mini-introduction that will often tell you what the paragraph

大部分的段落以迷你引言開始， 它通常會告訴您段落是

is about.

與什麼有關。

Large trees are an essential part of any successfully functioning ecosystem.

巨大的樹木是成功運作的生態系統 裡一個必不可少的部分。

OK, so from our three headings, which one could it be?

好，那麼我們的三個標題裡， 哪一個可以對應？

Try looking for synonyms and phrases that have a similar meaning to the first sentence.

試著找出同義的以及與第一個句子 有一個相似意思的片語。

Can we rule out any answers yet?

我們也可以排除任何答案嗎？

Well, it could be number one.

好，那可以是標題一。

We have a mention of trees, and the words ‘essential part’ and ‘successfully’

我們有提到樹木，以及單字 “essential part”和“successfully”

could connect to the idea of ‘benefits’ in heading number one.

可以與在標題一裡的“benefits” 的想法相關聯。

What about number two?

那標題二呢？

We have ‘trees’ again.

我們也有“trees”。

However, number two contains the word ‘destroyed’, and there is nothing which connects to this

然而，標題二包含單字“destroyed”， 同時，在第一句裡沒有任何內容

in the first sentence.

可以與這個相關聯。

In number three, we have the phrase ‘functioning ecosystem’, which appears in the first sentence.

在標題三，我們有片語“functioning ecosystem”，那有在第一句裡出現。

So, three is another possibility.

那麼，標題三是另一種可能性。

Even if you think you know, make sure you read the last sentence of the paragraph to

即使您認為您知道了，確保您閱讀 段落的最後一句來看

check your ideas.

您的想法是對的嗎。

Most paragraphs will end with a mini-conclusion.

大部分的段落會用一個迷你 總結來結束。

If this mini-conclusion is on the same topic as the first sentence, that is often enough

如果這個迷你總結的主旨是與 第一句相同，那通常足夠

to give you the answer.

給出您答案了。

Let’s look at the last sentence:

我們來看最後一句。

This allows the trees to support a substantial proportion of the life in the forest.

這允許樹木給森林裡相當大一部分 的生命提供支援。

What is the meaning of the sentence?

這句是什麼意思？

Can you see any synonyms or other words which we can connect to words or phrases in the

我們有看到任何同義的，或其他的 單字可以連接到

headings?

標題裡的單字或片語嗎？

At this point, we can say that it can’t be heading number two.

從這一點看，我們可以說 不能選標題二。

In both sentences we have nothing about the destruction of trees.

在兩個句子裡，我們沒有任何與 樹木摧毀有關的內容。

Number one is looking very likely.

標題一看起來很像。

We have ‘support’ - a similar idea to ‘benefits’ - and ‘life’ - similar

我們有“support” —一個與“benefits” 相似的意思 — 以及“life”

to ‘wildlife’.

— 與“wildlife”相似。

Number 3?

標題三呢？

‘How to support a functioning ecosystem’ suggests that the text should give people

“How to support a functioning ecosystem” 是文字內容要給

advice.

人們建議。

Are these sentences giving us advice or not?

這些句子範例有給我們建議 嗎？還是沒有？

They aren’t, and so we can rule out heading number three.

它們沒有，所以我們可以 劃掉標題三。

So you could now choose heading number one and move onto the next question.

所以，您現在可以選擇 標題一，來看下一題。

However, if you aren’t sure, don’t worry.

然而，如果您還不確定，不用擔心。

Read the second sentence in the paragraph.

閱讀段落裡的第二句。

This should help you to find the right answer with more certainty.

這會幫助您找到有更多 把握的正確回答。

Without the trees, innumerable species would be left without habitats and would cease to

沒有樹木，無數的物種將會失去 棲息地，並會消失

exist.

滅絕。

OK, even if you weren’t sure before, you can see that this is about trees and how they

好了，即使您之前不確定，您可以看到 這是與樹木有關的，以及

help wildlife.

它們怎樣幫助野生生物。

The answer must be heading number one: How wildlife benefits from large trees.

答案必須是標題一： How wildlife benefits from large trees.

Let’s do one more example.

我們來再做一個範例。

We’ll use the same technique.

我們會使用相同的技巧。

Look at these headings:

看這些標題：

1.

1.

Working conditions in the UK 2.

Working conditions in the UK 2.

The benefits of being a member of a trade union

The benefits of being a member of a trade union

3.

3.

Declining membership of trade unions in the UK

Declining membership of trade unions in the UK

Again, read the headings and think about the topic of the text.

同樣，閱讀標題，並想想 文字內容的主旨。

So, what were your ideas?

那麼，您的想法是什麼？

Something about work in the UK?

一些與在英國工作有關的事情？

Membership of trade unions?

工會聯盟的會員？

Now, let’s take a look at our paragraph:

現在，我們看一下我們的段落：

Remember, we don’t need the details yet, we just need the main idea of the paragraph.

記住，我們仍然不需要細節， 我們只是需要段落的主旨。

Again, you just need the first, second and last sentences.

同樣，您只需要第一句、第二句 以及最後一句。

Let’s have a look at the first sentence.

我們來看第一句。

How does that help us?

那可以怎麼幫助我們？

Trade unions provide an essential defence against exploitative working practices.

Trade unions provide an essential defence against exploitative working practices.

Okay, exactly the same as before: try looking for synonyms and phrases that have a similar

好，與之前完全相同：試著找到同義的， 以及與句子的其餘部分

meaning to the rest of the sentence.

有相似含義的片語。

Can we rule any answers out yet?

我們可以劃掉任何答案嗎？

It could be heading number one.

肯定是標題一。

We have the word ‘working’ in both.

標題一與第一句都有單字“working”。

The sentence also says ‘exploitative’.

句子也說“exploitative”。

‘Exploitative’ describes a relationship where one side is more powerful, and uses

“Exploitative”描述一個關係，一方 更強大，並利用力量

that power to treat the other side unfairly.

不公平地對待另一方。

This could link to ‘working conditions’.

這可以連接到“working conditions”。

What about heading number two?

那標題二呢？

The phrase ‘trade union’ is in both.

標題二與第一句都有“trade union”。

Also, we have the word ‘defence’.

我們也有單字“defence”。

‘Defence’ here connects to the idea of helping people by protecting their rights.

在這裡，“Defence”與通過保護人們的 權利來幫助他們的觀點相關聯。

Heading number two talks about ‘benefits’, so it could still be number two.

標題二談論“benefits”， 所以，仍然可以選標題二。

What about the third heading?

那標題三呢？

‘Trade union’ is in both, but there’s nothing else to connect the heading to the

“Trade union”出現在第一句以及標題三， 但是，沒有任何其他

first sentence.

可以連接標題三與第一句的內容。

So, it looks less likely, but we don’t have enough information to rule any headings out

所以，那看起來不太像，但是， 我們仍然沒有足夠的資訊

yet.

來支持劃掉任何標題。

You can see that this example is a little more difficult.

您可以看到這個範例是有 一點難。

With our first example, we had a good idea of which heading was right after reading one

在我們的第一個範例，閱讀了一個 句子之後，我們有了哪一個

sentence.

標題是正確的好主意。

Here, the first sentence of the paragraph hasn’t helped us much yet.

在這裡，段落的第一句仍然沒有 幫助我們太多。

What do you do?

您要做什麼？

No problem!

沒問題！

Remember: the next step is to look at the final sentence of the paragraph:

記住：下一步是看段落的 最後一句話：

A large decrease in the number of members means that trade unions currently have far

會員數量上的大幅減少意味著 工會聯盟現在的影響力

less influence compared to the height of their power in the 1980s.

與其在1980年代時的權力 高度相比，要小得多。

Does this make things any clearer?

這樣，事情更清楚了嗎？

The sentence says the number of members has decreased.

句子說會員的數量有減少。

So, heading number three is looking more probable, because it talks about ‘declining membership

所以，標題三看起來更有可能，因為 它談論“declining membership

of trade unions’.

of trade unions”。

But, what about headings one and two?

但是，標題一和標題二呢？

There’s nothing obvious in the last sentence which connects to one or two.

在最後一句裡，沒有任何明顯與標題一和 標題二連接的內容。

However, there’s also nothing which lets us rule them out.

然而，我們沒有任何理由 劃掉它們。

So, I think we need to do some more work.

所以，我認為我們需要做 更多的工作來完成這題。

What should you do?

您要做什麼呢？

Read the second sentence.

閱讀第二句。

Yet, due to a lack of awareness surrounding the benefits of joining a union and an increase

然而，因為對加入工會的好處 認識不足，以及臨時工作的

in temporary work, union membership in the UK continues to fall year-on-year.

增加，在英國，工會聯盟 會員人數一年比一年少。

Can we make a final decision now?

現在，我們可以做一個 最終的決定了嗎？

The second sentence mentions ‘benefits’, which appears in heading number two, but this

第二句提到了出現在標題二的 “benefits”，但是，

sentence says that people don’t know the benefits of joining a trade union, which is

這句話說人們不知道加入一個工會 聯盟的好處，與標題二的

a different context from heading number two.

上下文不同。

So, there’s nothing to connect this sentence to headings one or two.

所以，沒有任何可以把這句話與 標題一或標題二連接的內容。

What about heading number three?

標題三呢？

The sentence tells us that trade union membership continues to fall.

句子說我們的工會聯盟會員 人數持續減少。

‘Fall’ is a synonym for ‘decline’.

“Fall”是“decline”的同義詞。

Therefore, we can match heading number three to this paragraph.

所以，我們可以把標題三對應 到這個段落。

Is that any clearer?

有沒有更清楚呢？

If you aren’t sure why number three is the answer, remember that you can review this

如果您不確定為什麼標題三是答案， 記住，您可以複習這個單元，

section as many times as you need.

您想複習幾遍就複習幾遍。

Follow each step and think about the logic you need to use to reach the right answer.

按照每一個步驟，並思考您需要 用到的得出正確答案的邏輯。

These questions can be challenging, but by practising the technique, you will feel more

這些問題可以是有挑戰性的， 但是，通過練習技巧，在您

confident when matching headings in your IELTS reading exam.

做雅思考試裡的標題 對應題目時，您會感到更自信。

So, that is how you answer matching headings questions in the IELTS reading exam.

所以，這就是您怎樣在雅思閱讀 考試裡回答標題對應題。

Make sure you practise this technique to improve your speed.

確定您練習這個技巧 來提高您的速度。

Some key points to remember for your IELTS reading exam:

您的雅思閱讀考試裡， 一些關鍵重點是要記住的：

1.

1.

Do not read the whole text.

不要閱讀整篇文字內容。

You only need to read the first, last and maybe the second sentences.

您只需要讀第一句、最後 一句，以及或許第二句。

2.

2.

Look for synonyms and similar ideas between the headings and sentences.

在標題與句子之間找同義詞， 以及相似的觀點。

Is the paragraph saying the same thing, but in a different way?

段落是在說同一件事情，但是， 是用一種不同的方式嗎？

3.

3.

Remember that seeing synonyms or even the same words in the paragraph and the heading

記住，看到段落裡以及一個標題裡的 同義詞，或者甚至是相同的單字，

DOES NOT mean that this heading is the right one.

不意味著那個標題是正確的。

Always check that the meaning fits.

總是要檢查意思是否相符合。

4.

4.

If you’ve used the technique and still aren’t sure of an answer, move on to the next question.

如果您有用技巧，仍然不確定一個 答案，那就轉到下一個問題。

When you’ve answered a few more questions and used more of the headings, you can come

當您多回答幾個問題之後， 用掉更多的標題選項，

back to questions you haven’t answered.

您可以回到之前沒有回答的問題。

5.

5.

Answer all the questions.

回答所有的問題。

Even if nothing works, make sure you write an answer, even if you have to guess between

即使什麼都做不出來，確定您寫一個 答案，即使您必須在

2 or 3 options.

2或3個選項之間猜。

Well, that’s the end of the lesson.

好，本節課就到這裡。

I hope this helps you answer matching headings questions in the IELTS reading exam.

我希望這會在您回答雅思閱讀考試裡的 標題對應題時有幫助。

Good luck if you have an IELTS exam coming up soon!

如果您近期會有一個雅思 考試，祝您好運！

You can check out our website for more free English lessons, including IELTS preparation

要看更多的免費英文課程，包括 雅思準備課程，您可以

lessons: Oxford Online English dot com.

瀏覽我們的網站：Oxford Online English dot com。

Thanks for watching.

感謝觀看。

See you soon!

再見！