How to Use the Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Continuous

怎样使用现在完成简单式和现在完成进行式

Hi, I’m Kasia. Welcome to Oxford  Online English! In this lesson,  

嗨，我是Kasia。欢迎来到Oxford  Online English！在本节课里，

you can learn about the present perfect simple  and present perfect continuous verb forms.

您可以学到现在完成简单式和现在 完成进行式动词形式。

What’s the difference between ‘I have done’  and ‘I have been doing?’ When should you  

“I have done”和 “I have been doing”之间有什么区别？什么时候

use the present perfect continuous? You’ll see  the answers to these questions in this lesson.

您应当用现在完成进行式？您会在本节 课里看到这些问题的答案。

Before we start, do you find it difficult  to listen to English for long periods?  

在我们开始之前，您发觉听 英语很长时间困难吗？

No problem – use the English subtitles to  help yourself understand! Turn them on now;  

没问题 – 使用英语字幕来帮您自己 理解！现在打开它们；

just click the ‘CC’ button in the  bottom right of your video player,  

就点击在您的视屏播放器 底部右侧的“CC”按键。

or, if you’re watching on a  smartphone, tap the settings button.

或者，如果您在一部智能手机上观看， 敲击设定按键。

But now, let’s start with a basic point: what  is the present perfect continuous verb tense? 

但是，现在，我们从一个基本重点开始： 什么是现在完成进行式动词时态？

Hey! Sorry I’m late…

Hey! Sorry I’m late…

Where have you been? I’ve been  trying to call you all morning!

Where have you been? I’ve been  trying to call you all morning!

Have you been waiting long?

Have you been waiting long?

Not so long. I just didn’t know where you were.

Not so long. I just didn’t know where you were.

I’ve been preparing for this lesson for the  last few hours. I just lost track of time!

I’ve been preparing for this lesson for the  last few hours. I just lost track of time!

So, let’s start!

那么，我们开始吧！

Look at three sentences you heard in the dialogue.

看您在对话里听到的三个句子。

Do you know how to complete them? Look at the full sentences. 

您知道怎样完成它们吗？ 看看整句。

These all use the same verb form –  the present perfect continuous. Some  

所有这些使用相同的动词形式 –  现在完成进行式。一些

questions. One: how do you make positive  and negative sentences, and questions? 

问题。一： 您怎样造肯定句、 否定句以及疑问句？

Two: what does this verb form mean?

二：这个动词形式意思是什么？

We’ll spend the rest of this  lesson answering question two,  

我们会花本节课剩余时间 回答问题二，

but let’s look at the first question now.

但是我们现在看看第一个问题。

Form the present perfect continuous with  three things. Firstly, ‘have’ or ‘has’. 

用三件事组成现在完成进行式。 首先，“have”或“has”。

Then, add ‘been’. Then, add an -ing verb. 

然后，加“been”。 然后，加一个-ing 动词。

Let’s try it now. Look at three  sentences. Can you make them  

我们现在试一下。看三个句子。 您可以造现在完成

present perfect continuous? Pause the  video and say the sentences out loud,  

进行式句子吗？暂停视屏 并大声地说出句子，

using the present perfect continuous verb form. Could you do it? Let’s check the answers. 

使用现在完成进行式动词形式。 您能做吗？我们看下答案。

Did you get them right? Next, to make a negative,  

您答对了吗？ 接下来，造否定句，

just add ‘not’ after ‘have’ or ‘has’. For  example: I have been working all morning;  

只用增加“have”或“has”。例如： I have been working all morning;

I have *not* been working all morning. She has been waiting there for hours;  

I have *not* been working all morning. She has been waiting there for hours;

she has *not* been waiting there for hours. Actually, we’re emphasising the word ‘not’ so you  

she has *not* been waiting there for hours. 实际上，我们在强调单字“not”，所以，您

can hear it, but in natural speech, you should  use contractions, like ‘haven’t’ or ‘hasn’t’.

能听到那个，但是在自然讲话里，您应该 使用缩略语，像是“haven’t”或“hasn’t”。

‘I haven’t been working all morning.’ ‘She hasn’t been waiting there for hours.’ 

“I haven’t been working all morning.” “She hasn’t been waiting there for hours.”

What about the last sentence?  Can you make it negative? Make  

最后的句子呢？ 您能造否定句吗？

the negative form and say it  out loud. Use a contraction.

造否定形式并大声地说出来。 使用一个缩略语。

The answer is ‘it hasn’t been  raining.’ Did you get it? 

答案是“it hasn’t been  raining.”您答对了吗？

Finally, make questions in the present  perfect continuous by moving ‘have’ or  

最后，用移动“have”或“has”到 主语前的方式造现在完成

‘has’ before the subject. For example: ‘Has she been  

进行式疑问句。 例如：“Has she been

waiting there for hours?’ ‘Has it been raining?’ 

waiting there for hours?” “Has it been raining?”

These rules will help you to form the  present perfect continuous verb tense. But,  

这些规则会帮助您去构建现在完成 进行式动词时态。但是，

how do you use it? What does it mean?  Let’s start to answer that question. 

您怎么用它？它意思是什么？ 我们开始回答那个问题。

How long have you been doing this?

How long have you been doing this?

This? You mean, making this video?

This? You mean, making this video?

I mean teaching. How long have you been teaching?

I mean teaching. How long have you been teaching?

Ooh… For over ten years now. 

Ooh… For over ten years now.

Should we take a break?  We’ve been working for hours.

Should we take a break?  We’ve been working for hours.

Sure. Want to get a doughnut  or something from the bakery?

Sure. Want to get a doughnut  or something from the bakery?

Hmmm… Better not. I’ve been trying  to cut down on how much sugar I eat.

Hmmm… Better not. I’ve been trying  to cut down on how much sugar I eat.

Well, how about a coffee, instead?

Well, how about a coffee, instead?

Good idea! Look at four examples of the  

Good idea! 看您听到的四个现在完成

present perfect continuous which you heard. Can you see what connects them? 

进行式的例子。 您能看到什么连接它们吗？

In all four sentences, you’re talking  about something which started in the past,  

在所有四个句子里，您在谈论 某些在过去开始并在

and continues in the present. This can be a continuous action;  

现在继续的事情， 这可以是一个持续行为；

something which started before now, and  continued without a break until now. 

某些事情在之前开始， 并不停继续直到现在。

For example, if you say ‘We’ve been  working for hours’, you mean that  

例如，如果您说“We’ve been  working for hours”，您意思是

we started working several hours ago, and  we’ve continued working from then until now. 

几个小时前我们开始工作， 我们从那时持续工作到现在。

You can also use the present perfect continuous  for repeated or regular actions. For example,  

您也能把现在完成进行式用于 重复有规律的动作。例如，

if I say ‘I’ve been teaching for over ten  years now’, I mean that this is something  

如果我说“I’ve been teaching for over ten  years now”，我意思

I’ve been doing regularly, starting  over ten years ago and continuing now.

是这是我从十年前开始持续到 现在有规律做的某些事情。

So, to use the present perfect continuous  in this way, three things need to be true.

所以，要以这种方式来使用现在 完成进行式，要符合三件事。

One: the action must have started in the past. 

一：行为必须开始在过去。

Two: the action must be something  continuous, or repeated regularly. 

二：行为必须是某些持续的或 有规律重复的事情。

Three: you must still be doing  this thing now, in the present.

三：您必须是仍然在 现在做这件事。

Let’s practise! Look at three questions. Pause the video and try to answer the questions,  

我们来练习一下。看三个问题。 暂停视屏，并试着使用

using the present perfect continuous. Say  your answers out loud. If it’s difficult,  

现在完成进行式回答问题。大声 地读出您的答案。如果

repeat your answers until you can  produce them fluently. Try it now! 

那是困难的，重复您的回答直到您能 流利地做它们。现在试一下！

Could you do it? Was it easy or difficult? 

您可以做吗？那是容易或难？

Of course, there are many possibilities,  but let’s look at three sample answers.

当然，有一些可能性， 但是我们看三个例子的答案。

For question one, you could say  ‘I’ve been cleaning my room and  

对问题一，您可以说 “I’ve been cleaning my room and doing a little bit

doing a little bit of English study.’ For question two, you could say ‘I’ve  

of English study.”对问题二，您可以说“I’ve  been watching a show called Dark

been watching a show called Dark on Netflix.’ For question three, you could say ‘So far this  

on Netflix.” 对问题三，您可以说 “So far this week, I’ve mostly been hanging

week, I’ve mostly been hanging out at home and  reading. I have a good book I want to finish!’ 

out at home and reading. I have a good book I want to finish!”

This is the most basic way to use  the present perfect continuous. But,  

这是最基本的方式来使用现在 完成进行式。但是，

there’s another important use of  this verb tense – let’s look now.

这个动词时态还有另一个重要 用途 – 我们现在看一下。

What happened to your hands? They’re filthy!

What happened to your hands? They’re filthy!

I’ve been working on my bike.

I’ve been working on my bike.

Well, go and wash them! I don’t  want you getting everything dirty.

Well, go and wash them! I don’t  want you getting everything dirty.

Why are you in such a bad mood?

Why are you in such a bad mood?

I’ve been working on my website…

I’ve been working on my website…

Not going well?

Not going well?

No!

No!

Look at the first two lines from the dialogue. A question: is she working on her bike now? 

看对话里的首两行。 一个问题：她现在在弄她的自行车吗？

The answer is ‘no’. So, why use the  present perfect continuous here? The  

答案是“no”。所以。为什么在这里 使用现在完成进行式？

action has finished; it’s in the past.  Shouldn’t we use a past verb tense? 

行为结束了；那是在过去。我们不必 使用一个动词过去时态吧？

You use the present perfect continuous here for  a continuous action which finished recently and  

因为一个最近完成的并且有*现在*可见 结果的持续行为，您在这里

which has visible results *now*. Or, more simply: use the present  

使用现在完成进行式。或者 更简单一点：使用现在完成

perfect continuous to explain why  things look they way they look now.

进行式来解释为什么 事情看起来像现在。

For example: ‘Why are you so sweaty? I’ve been jogging.’ 

例如：“Why are you so sweaty? I’ve been jogging.”

‘Why is the kitchen in such a mess? I’ve been cooking all afternoon.’ 

“Why is the kitchen in such a mess? I’ve been cooking all afternoon.”

‘You look tired. Yeah, I’ve been  working too much this week.’ 

“You look tired. Yeah, I’ve been  working too much this week.”

OK, now you know the two basic ways to  use the present perfect continuous. Next,  

好，现在您知道两种基本方式来 使用现在完成进行式。接下来，

another important question: how do you know  when to use the present perfect continuous,  

另一个重要的问题：您怎么知道什么时候 使用现在完成进行式，

and when to use the simple form?

以及什么时候去用简单形式？

Did you hear? Jen’s getting married!

Did you hear? Jen’s getting married!

Really? That’s good news, I guess.

Really? That’s good news, I guess.

‘I guess’?

‘I guess’?

Well, how long have they been together?  I last saw her three months ago,  

Well, how long have they been together?  I last saw her three months ago,

and she didn’t say anything  about being in a relationship.

and she didn’t say anything  about being in a relationship.

I think they’ve been going  out for a couple of months.

I think they’ve been going  out for a couple of months.

That’s not long…

That’s not long…

Maybe not, but I think they’ve known each  other for longer. Anyway, she seems really  

Maybe not, but I think they’ve known each  other for longer. Anyway, she seems really

happy. She’s so excited about the wedding –  she’s been talking about it non-stop for weeks.

happy. She’s so excited about the wedding –  she’s been talking about it non-stop for weeks.

I bet.

Let’s look at two sentences you heard. These are describing similar  

I bet.

我们看看您听到的两个问题。 有描述相似的环境。

situations. So, why use different verb forms? The verb in the first sentence – ‘go out’ – is  

所以，为什么使用不同的动词形式？ 在第一句里的动词 – “go out” – 是

an action. But, in the second sentence, the verb  – know – describes a *state*, not an action.

一个行为。但是，在第二句，动词– know – 描述了一个*状态*，不是一个行为。

What does this mean? ‘Knowing’ someone is a state.  It’s not something you do. If you know someone,  

这意思是什么？“Knowing”某人是一个状态。 那不是您做的某些事情。如果您认识某人，

then you know them. You know them today,  and you’ll know them tomorrow, too.

那么，您认识他们。您今天认识他们， 明天也会认识他们。

State verbs include ‘be’, ‘like’,  ‘believe’, ‘understand’ or ‘seem’.  

状态动词包括“be”、“like”、 “believe”、“understand”或“seem”。

Many verbs which relate to feelings  or mental states are state verbs.

很多与感觉或思想状态 有关的动词是状态动词。

State verbs aren’t generally used in continuous  forms. If you’re using a state verb, like ‘be’,  

状态动词不常用在进行式。 如果您在使用一个状态动词，像是“be”，

you should use the present perfect  simple tense, not the continuous.

您应当使用现在完成简单 时态，而不是进行时态。

Let’s test this quickly. Look at two  more sentences from the dialogue. 

我们快速测试这个。再看 对话里的两个句子形式。

Do these verbs refer to states, or actions? Should  they be present perfect simple, or continuous? Try  

这些动词指的是状态还是行为？它们应当是 现在完成简单式，或进行式？

to remember, or work out the answers! Pause  the video if you need more time to think.

试着记起来或找出答案！如果您需要 更多时间来考虑，暂停视屏。

Let’s check.

我们检查一下。

‘Be’ is a state verb, so it  should be present perfect simple.

“Be”是一个状态动词，所以那 应当是现在完成简单式。

‘Talk’ is an action – it’s something you do. So,  it should be present perfect continuous here.

“Talk”是一个行为 – 那是您做的事情。所以， 那在这里应当是现在完成进行式。

There’s one exception to this rule: ‘want’ is  a state verb, but you can use it in the present  

这个规则有一个例外：“want”是一个 状态动词，但是您可以用它

perfect continuous. For example: ‘I’ve  been wanting to see this film for ages!’ 

在现在完成进行式。例如：“I’ve  been wanting to see this film for ages!”

‘Actually, I’ve been wanting to talk  to you about this for some time.’ 

“Actually, I’ve been wanting to talk  to you about this for some time.”

You could also use the simple form here –  I’ve wanted – it doesn’t matter which you use.

您也可以在这里使用简单形式 –  I’ve wanted – 您用这个没问题。

In this section, you’ve learned a basic way to  

在本单元，您会学到一个基本方式 来讲现在完成简单式

tell the difference between the simple  and continuous present perfect forms.

和现在完成进行式 形式之间的区别。

In our final section, you’ll see  

在我们的最后一个单元，您会再看到

one more important difference  between these two verb tenses. 

这两种动词时态之间的一个重要区别。

Haven’t you started cooking yet? Everyone  will be here in less than an hour!

Haven’t you started cooking yet? Everyone  will be here in less than an hour!

I have started… I mean, I’ve  chopped all the vegetables.

I have started… I mean, I’ve  chopped all the vegetables.

But, the stew will take at least two hours to  cook. There’s no way it’ll be ready in time!

But, the stew will take at least two hours to  cook. There’s no way it’ll be ready in time!

Well, you could have helped me… I’ve been doing  everything myself, and it’s a lot of work.

Well, you could have helped me… I’ve been doing  everything myself, and it’s a lot of work.

Yeah, you know what else is a lot of work?  Cleaning the whole house! I’ve been vacuuming,  

Yeah, you know what else is a lot of work?  Cleaning the whole house! I’ve been vacuuming,

mopping, dusting… I’ve cleaned both bathrooms.  I haven’t just been sitting around all day.

mopping, dusting… I’ve cleaned both bathrooms.  I haven’t just been sitting around all day.

OK, well, have you finished?  Can you give me a hand now?

OK, well, have you finished?  Can you give me a hand now?

Sure, I’m free now. What needs doing?

Sure, I’m free now. What needs doing?

Actually, you know what? We’ve run out  of milk. Could you pop out and get some?

Actually, you know what? We’ve run out  of milk. Could you pop out and get some?

Yeah, OK.

Yeah, OK.

Look at a sentence you heard. 

看一个您听到的句子。

Let’s add another one. These are both possible,  

我们增加另外一个。 可能有两个，

but they have slightly different  meanings. Can you explain the difference?

但是，他们有略微的意思差异。 您可以解释区别吗？

The first sentence, with the present  perfect simple, focuses on the *result*  

第一句，是现在完成简单式，  着重在行为的*结果*。

of the action. Using the simple form shows  that you have finished this and there is  

使用简单形式表明 您完成了这个，并有一个结果

a result – in this case, the vegetables  are chopped and ready to go in the stew. 

– 在这件事情上，蔬菜 已经切碎了，并准备去炖了。

The second sentence, with the present perfect  continuous, focuses on the *process*. If  

第二句，是现在完成进行式， 着重于*程序*。如果

you say ‘I’ve been chopping the vegetables’,  there’s no clear result. Using the continuous  

您说“I’ve been chopping the vegetables”， 结果不清晰。使用进行形式

form simply shows that you’ve spent time on  this thing, and you’re probably not finished.

简单地表明您花了时间在这件 事情上，您有可能没完成。

Let’s practise this point. Look at four sentences.

我们来练习一下这一点。看四个句子。

Here’s a task for you: in these sentences, can you  use the present perfect simple, or the continuous,  

这里是您的任务： 在这些句子里，您可以 使用现在完成简单式或进行式，

or both? If both are possible, is  the meaning the same, or different? 

或两者吗？如果两者是可能的， 意思是相同的，还是不同的？

Pause the video and think about your ideas.  Take your time! Start again when you’re ready. 

暂停视屏，开始考虑您的想法。 自己做！当您准备好了，再开始。

OK? Let’s look together.

好了吗？我们一起来看看。

In number one, only the simple form is possible. 

在句一，只有简单形式是可能的。

This is because there’s a number – you’ve called  *five* times – which shows a clear result.

这是因为有一个数字 – 您称 *五*次 – 那表明了一个清晰的结果。

In sentence two, both are possible,  but the continuous is more likely.  

在句二，两者都有可能， 但是进行式更有可能。

There’s no difference in meaning. This is because you still haven’t arrived,  

意思上没有区别。 这是因为您仍然没有到达，

so there’s no result. Probably,  you want to focus on the process,  

所以没结果。有可能，  您想着重在程序上，

meaning how much time you’ve spent driving. In sentence three, both are possible,  

意思是您花了多少时间开车。 在句三，两者都有可能，

with little difference in meaning.  This is because you can focus on the  

有一点点区别。 这是因为 您可以着重在

result – you’ve finished watching  many documentaries – or you can  

结果 – 您已经看完了很多 纪录片 – 或者您可以

focus on the process – you’ve spent  time watching nature documentaries. 

着重在程序 – 您花了 时间看自然纪录片。

Confusing? Don’t worry about it. Here, the basic  meaning is the same whichever form you use.

混淆了吗？不用担心那个。在这里，基本的 意思是与您使用的任何形式相同的。

In sentence four, both are possible,  but here the meaning would be different. 

在句四，两者是可能的， 但是在这里意思应该是不同的。

If you say ‘I’ve made a  soup for lunch’, then you’ve  

如果您说“I’ve made a  soup for lunch”，那么您已经

finished cooking, and the soup is ready to eat. If you use the continuous form, then you probably  

煮完了，汤可以喝了。如果您使用 进行式形式，那么您有可能

haven’t finished. I’ve spent some time cooking,  but there’s probably no result – meaning no soup.

没有煮好。我花了时间煮，但是 有可能没结果 – 意思是没汤。

Maybe you’re thinking: why  ‘probably?’ It’s a good question! 

也许您在想：为什么 “probably?”那是一个好问题！

It’s because the sentence just doesn’t  contain that information. If you say  

那是因为句子就是没含有讯息。 如果您说

‘I’ve been making a soup for lunch,’ there’s no  information about whether you’ve finished or not.

“I’ve been making a soup for lunch”， 没有关于您是否结束的讯息。

But, if you *had* finished, you’d almost certainly  use the present perfect simple – ‘I’ve made a  

但是，如果您*已经*完成了，您几乎肯定使用 现在完成简单式 – “I’ve made a

soup.’ So, using the continuous strongly  suggests that you haven’t finished.

soup.”所以，使用进行式强烈地提示 您还没完成。

That’s all. Thanks for watching!

本节课到此结束。感谢观看！

See you next time!

下次见！