How to Use the Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Continuous

英文文法 — 怎樣使用簡單現在完成式和現在完成進行式

Hi, I’m Kasia. Welcome to Oxford  Online English! In this lesson,  

嗨，我是Kasia。歡迎來到Oxford  Online English！在本節課裡，

you can learn about the present perfect simple  and present perfect continuous verb forms.

您可以學到簡單現在完成式和現在 完成進行式動詞形式。

What’s the difference between ‘I have done’  and ‘I have been doing?’ When should you  

“I have done”和 “I have been doing”之間有什麼區別？什麼時候

use the present perfect continuous? You’ll see  the answers to these questions in this lesson.

您應當用現在完成進行式？您會在本節 課裡看到這些問題的答案。

Before we start, do you find it difficult  to listen to English for long periods?  

在我們開始之前，您覺得聽 英文很長時間有點難嗎？

No problem – use the English subtitles to  help yourself understand! Turn them on now;  

沒問題 – 使用英文字幕來幫您自己 理解！現在打開它們：

just click the ‘CC’ button in the  bottom right of your video player,  

就點擊您的影片播放軟體 底部右側的“CC”按鍵。

or, if you’re watching on a  smartphone, tap the settings button.

或者，如果您在一部智慧型手機上 觀看，敲擊設定按鍵。

But now, let’s start with a basic point: what  is the present perfect continuous verb tense? 

但是，現在，我們從一個基本的重點開始： 什麼是現在完成進行式動詞時態？

Hey! Sorry I’m late…

Hey! Sorry I’m late…

Where have you been? I’ve been  trying to call you all morning!

Where have you been? I’ve been  trying to call you all morning!

Have you been waiting long?

Have you been waiting long?

Not so long. I just didn’t know where you were.

Not so long. I just didn’t know where you were.

I’ve been preparing for this lesson for the  last few hours. I just lost track of time!

I’ve been preparing for this lesson for the  last few hours. I just lost track of time!

So, let’s start!

那麼，我們開始吧！

Look at three sentences you heard in the dialogue.

看看您在對話裡聽到的三個句子。

Do you know how to complete them? Look at the full sentences. 

您知道怎麼完成它們嗎？ 看看整句。

These all use the same verb form –  the present perfect continuous. Some  

所有這些使用相同的動詞形式 –  現在完成進行式。一些

questions. One: how do you make positive  and negative sentences, and questions? 

問題。問一： 您怎麼造肯定句、 否定句和疑問句？

Two: what does this verb form mean?

問二：這個動詞形式意思是什麼？

We’ll spend the rest of this  lesson answering question two,  

我們會用本節課的剩餘時間 回答問二，

but let’s look at the first question now.

但是，我們現在看看問一。

Form the present perfect continuous with  three things. Firstly, ‘have’ or ‘has’. 

構成現在完成進行式有三個要素。 首先，“have”或“has”。

Then, add ‘been’. Then, add an -ing verb. 

然後，加“been”。 然後，加一個-ing 動詞。

Let’s try it now. Look at three  sentences. Can you make them  

我們現在試一下。看三個句子。 您可以造現在完成

present perfect continuous? Pause the  video and say the sentences out loud,  

進行式句子嗎？暫停影片， 並大聲地唸出句子，

using the present perfect continuous verb form. Could you do it? Let’s check the answers. 

使用現在完成進行式動詞形式。 您能做到嗎？我們看下答案。

Did you get them right? Next, to make a negative,  

您答對了嗎？ 接下來，造否定句，

just add ‘not’ after ‘have’ or ‘has’. For  example: I have been working all morning;  

只需要增加“have”或“has”。例如： I have been working all morning;

I have *not* been working all morning. She has been waiting there for hours;  

I have *not* been working all morning. She has been waiting there for hours;

she has *not* been waiting there for hours. Actually, we’re emphasising the word ‘not’ so you  

she has *not* been waiting there for hours. 實際上，我們在強調單字“not”，所以，您

can hear it, but in natural speech, you should  use contractions, like ‘haven’t’ or ‘hasn’t’.

能聽到那個，但是，在自然講話裡，您應當 使用縮讀字，像是“haven’t”或“hasn’t”。

‘I haven’t been working all morning.’ ‘She hasn’t been waiting there for hours.’ 

“I haven’t been working all morning.” “She hasn’t been waiting there for hours.”

What about the last sentence?  Can you make it negative? Make  

最後的句子呢？ 您能造否定句嗎？

the negative form and say it  out loud. Use a contraction.

造否定形式並大聲地唸出來。 使用一個縮讀字。

The answer is ‘it hasn’t been  raining.’ Did you get it? 

答案是“it hasn’t been  raining.”您答對了嗎？

Finally, make questions in the present  perfect continuous by moving ‘have’ or  

最後，用移動“have”或“has”到 主語前的方式造現在完成

‘has’ before the subject. For example: ‘Has she been  

進行式疑問句。 例如：“Has she been

waiting there for hours?’ ‘Has it been raining?’ 

waiting there for hours?” “Has it been raining?”

These rules will help you to form the  present perfect continuous verb tense. But,  

這些規則會幫助您去構建現在完成 進行式動詞時態。但是，

how do you use it? What does it mean?  Let’s start to answer that question. 

您怎麼用它？它意思是什麼？ 我們開始回答那個問題。

How long have you been doing this?

How long have you been doing this?

This? You mean, making this video?

This? You mean, making this video?

I mean teaching. How long have you been teaching?

I mean teaching. How long have you been teaching?

Ooh… For over ten years now. 

Ooh… For over ten years now.

Should we take a break?  We’ve been working for hours.

Should we take a break?  We’ve been working for hours.

Sure. Want to get a doughnut  or something from the bakery?

Sure. Want to get a doughnut  or something from the bakery?

Hmmm… Better not. I’ve been trying  to cut down on how much sugar I eat.

Hmmm… Better not. I’ve been trying  to cut down on how much sugar I eat.

Well, how about a coffee, instead?

Well, how about a coffee, instead?

Good idea! Look at four examples of the  

Good idea! 看您聽到的四個現在完成

present perfect continuous which you heard. Can you see what connects them? 

進行式的例子。 您能看到什麼連接它們嗎？

In all four sentences, you’re talking  about something which started in the past,  

在所有句子裡，您在談論 某些在過去開始並在

and continues in the present. This can be a continuous action;  

現在繼續的事情， 這可以是一個持續行為；

something which started before now, and  continued without a break until now. 

某些事情在之前就開始了， 並不停止繼續直到現在。

For example, if you say ‘We’ve been  working for hours’, you mean that  

例如，如果您說“We’ve been  working for hours”，您的意思是

we started working several hours ago, and  we’ve continued working from then until now. 

幾個小時前我們開始工作， 我們從那時開始持續工作到現在。

You can also use the present perfect continuous  for repeated or regular actions. For example,  

您也能把現在完成進行式用在 重複有規律的行為。例如，

if I say ‘I’ve been teaching for over ten  years now’, I mean that this is something  

如果我說“I’ve been teaching for over ten  years now”，我的意思

I’ve been doing regularly, starting  over ten years ago and continuing now.

是這是我從十年前開始持續到 現在有規律做的某些事情。

So, to use the present perfect continuous  in this way, three things need to be true.

所以，要以這種方式來使用現在 完成進行式，要符合三件要素。

One: the action must have started in the past. 

一：行為必須開始在過去。

Two: the action must be something  continuous, or repeated regularly. 

二：行為必須是某些持續的或 有規律重複的事情。

Three: you must still be doing  this thing now, in the present.

三：您必須是仍然在 現在做這件事。

Let’s practise! Look at three questions. Pause the video and try to answer the questions,  

我們來練習一下。看三個問題。 暫停影片，並試著使用

using the present perfect continuous. Say  your answers out loud. If it’s difficult,  

現在完成進行式回答問題。大聲地 唸出您的答案。如果

repeat your answers until you can  produce them fluently. Try it now! 

那是困難的，重複您的回答直到您能夠 流利地做它們。現在試一下！

Could you do it? Was it easy or difficult? 

您可以做嗎？那是容易或難的？

Of course, there are many possibilities,  but let’s look at three sample answers.

當然，有一些可能性， 但是，我們看三個例子的答案。

For question one, you could say  ‘I’ve been cleaning my room and  

對問一，您可以說 “I’ve been cleaning my room and doing a little bit

doing a little bit of English study.’ For question two, you could say ‘I’ve  

of English study.”對問二，您可以說“I’ve  been watching a show called Dark

been watching a show called Dark on Netflix.’ For question three, you could say ‘So far this  

on Netflix.” 對問三，您可以說 “So far this week, I’ve mostly been hanging

week, I’ve mostly been hanging out at home and  reading. I have a good book I want to finish!’ 

out at home and reading. I have a good book I want to finish!”

This is the most basic way to use  the present perfect continuous. But,  

這是使用現在完成進行式 的最基本方式。但是，

there’s another important use of  this verb tense – let’s look now.

這個動詞時態還有另一個重要 的用途 – 我們現在看一下。

What happened to your hands? They’re filthy!

What happened to your hands? They’re filthy!

I’ve been working on my bike.

I’ve been working on my bike.

Well, go and wash them! I don’t  want you getting everything dirty.

Well, go and wash them! I don’t  want you getting everything dirty.

Why are you in such a bad mood?

Why are you in such a bad mood?

I’ve been working on my website…

I’ve been working on my website…

Not going well?

Not going well?

No!

No!

Look at the first two lines from the dialogue. A question: is she working on her bike now? 

看對話裡的前兩行。 問一：她現在在用她的腳踏車嗎？

The answer is ‘no’. So, why use the  present perfect continuous here? The  

答案是“no”。所以。為什麼在這裡 使用現在完成進行式？

action has finished; it’s in the past.  Shouldn’t we use a past verb tense? 

行為結束了；那是在過去。我們不必 使用一個動詞過去時態吧？

You use the present perfect continuous here for  a continuous action which finished recently and  

因為一個在最近完成的並且有 *現在*可見 結果的持續行為，您在這裡

which has visible results *now*. Or, more simply: use the present  

使用現在完成進行式。或者 更簡單一點：使用現在完成

perfect continuous to explain why  things look they way they look now.

進行式來解釋為什麼 事情看起來像現在那樣。

For example: ‘Why are you so sweaty? I’ve been jogging.’ 

例如：“Why are you so sweaty? I’ve been jogging.”

‘Why is the kitchen in such a mess? I’ve been cooking all afternoon.’ 

“Why is the kitchen in such a mess? I’ve been cooking all afternoon.”

‘You look tired. Yeah, I’ve been  working too much this week.’ 

“You look tired. Yeah, I’ve been  working too much this week.”

OK, now you know the two basic ways to  use the present perfect continuous. Next,  

好，現在您知道使用現在完成進行式 的兩種基本方法。接下來，

another important question: how do you know  when to use the present perfect continuous,  

另一個重要的問題：您怎麼知道什麼時候 使用現在完成進行式，

and when to use the simple form?

以及什麼時候用簡單式？

Did you hear? Jen’s getting married!

Did you hear? Jen’s getting married!

Really? That’s good news, I guess.

Really? That’s good news, I guess.

‘I guess’?

‘I guess’?

Well, how long have they been together?  I last saw her three months ago,  

Well, how long have they been together?  I last saw her three months ago,

and she didn’t say anything  about being in a relationship.

and she didn’t say anything  about being in a relationship.

I think they’ve been going  out for a couple of months.

I think they’ve been going  out for a couple of months.

That’s not long…

That’s not long…

Maybe not, but I think they’ve known each  other for longer. Anyway, she seems really  

Maybe not, but I think they’ve known each  other for longer. Anyway, she seems really

happy. She’s so excited about the wedding –  she’s been talking about it non-stop for weeks.

happy. She’s so excited about the wedding –  she’s been talking about it non-stop for weeks.

I bet.

Let’s look at two sentences you heard. These are describing similar  

I bet.

我們看看您聽到的兩個問題。 有描述相似的環境。

situations. So, why use different verb forms? The verb in the first sentence – ‘go out’ – is  

所以，為什麼使用不同的動詞形式？ 在句一裡的動詞 – “go out” – 是

an action. But, in the second sentence, the verb  – know – describes a *state*, not an action.

一個行為。但是，在句二，動詞– know – 描述了一個*狀態*，不是一個行為。

What does this mean? ‘Knowing’ someone is a state.  It’s not something you do. If you know someone,  

這意思是什麼？“Knowing”某人是一個狀態。 那不是您做的某些事情。如果您認識某人，

then you know them. You know them today,  and you’ll know them tomorrow, too.

那麼，您認識他們。您今天認識他們， 明天也會認識他們。

State verbs include ‘be’, ‘like’,  ‘believe’, ‘understand’ or ‘seem’.  

狀態動詞包括“be”、“like”、 “believe”、“understand”或“seem”。

Many verbs which relate to feelings  or mental states are state verbs.

很多與感覺或思想狀態 有關的動詞是狀態動詞。

State verbs aren’t generally used in continuous  forms. If you’re using a state verb, like ‘be’,  

狀態動詞不常用在進行式。 如果您在使用一個狀態動詞，像是“be”，

you should use the present perfect  simple tense, not the continuous.

您應當使用簡單現在完成 時態，而不是進行時態。

Let’s test this quickly. Look at two  more sentences from the dialogue. 

我們快速測試這個。再看 對話裡的兩個句子形式。

Do these verbs refer to states, or actions? Should  they be present perfect simple, or continuous? Try  

這些動詞指的是狀態還是行為？它們應當是 簡單現在完成式，或進行式？

to remember, or work out the answers! Pause  the video if you need more time to think.

試著記起來或找出答案！如果您需要 更多時間來考慮，暫停影片。

Let’s check.

我們檢查一下。

‘Be’ is a state verb, so it  should be present perfect simple.

“Be”是一個狀態動詞，所以， 那應當是簡單現在完成式。

‘Talk’ is an action – it’s something you do. So,  it should be present perfect continuous here.

“Talk”是一個行為 – 那是您做的事情。所以， 那在這裡應當是現在完成進行式。

There’s one exception to this rule: ‘want’ is  a state verb, but you can use it in the present  

這個規則有一個例外：“want”是一個 狀態動詞，但是，您可以

perfect continuous. For example: ‘I’ve  been wanting to see this film for ages!’ 

在現在完成進行式用它。例如：“I’ve  been wanting to see this film for ages!”

‘Actually, I’ve been wanting to talk  to you about this for some time.’ 

“Actually, I’ve been wanting to talk  to you about this for some time.”

You could also use the simple form here –  I’ve wanted – it doesn’t matter which you use.

您也可以在這裡使用簡單形式 –  I’ve wanted – 您用這個沒有問題。

In this section, you’ve learned a basic way to  

在本單元，您會學到一個基本方法 來講簡單現在完成式

tell the difference between the simple  and continuous present perfect forms.

和現在完成進行式 形式之間的區別。

In our final section, you’ll see  

在我們的最後一個單元，您會再看到

one more important difference  between these two verb tenses. 

這兩種動詞時態之間的一個重要區別。

Haven’t you started cooking yet? Everyone  will be here in less than an hour!

Haven’t you started cooking yet? Everyone  will be here in less than an hour!

I have started… I mean, I’ve  chopped all the vegetables.

I have started… I mean, I’ve  chopped all the vegetables.

But, the stew will take at least two hours to  cook. There’s no way it’ll be ready in time!

But, the stew will take at least two hours to  cook. There’s no way it’ll be ready in time!

Well, you could have helped me… I’ve been doing  everything myself, and it’s a lot of work.

Well, you could have helped me… I’ve been doing  everything myself, and it’s a lot of work.

Yeah, you know what else is a lot of work?  Cleaning the whole house! I’ve been vacuuming,  

Yeah, you know what else is a lot of work?  Cleaning the whole house! I’ve been vacuuming,

mopping, dusting… I’ve cleaned both bathrooms.  I haven’t just been sitting around all day.

mopping, dusting… I’ve cleaned both bathrooms.  I haven’t just been sitting around all day.

OK, well, have you finished?  Can you give me a hand now?

OK, well, have you finished?  Can you give me a hand now?

Sure, I’m free now. What needs doing?

Sure, I’m free now. What needs doing?

Actually, you know what? We’ve run out  of milk. Could you pop out and get some?

Actually, you know what? We’ve run out  of milk. Could you pop out and get some?

Yeah, OK.

Yeah, OK.

Look at a sentence you heard. 

看一個您聽到的句子。

Let’s add another one. These are both possible,  

我們增加另外一個。 可能有兩個，

but they have slightly different  meanings. Can you explain the difference?

但是，他們的意思有略微差異。 您能解釋那差異嗎？

The first sentence, with the present  perfect simple, focuses on the *result*  

句一，是簡單現在完成式，  著重在行為的*結果*。

of the action. Using the simple form shows  that you have finished this and there is  

使用簡單形式表明 您完成了這個，並有一個結果

a result – in this case, the vegetables  are chopped and ready to go in the stew. 

– 在這件事情上，蔬菜 已經切碎了，並準備燉了。

The second sentence, with the present perfect  continuous, focuses on the *process*. If  

句二，是現在完成進行式， 著重在*程序*。如果

you say ‘I’ve been chopping the vegetables’,  there’s no clear result. Using the continuous  

您說“I’ve been chopping the vegetables”， 結果不清晰。使用進行形式

form simply shows that you’ve spent time on  this thing, and you’re probably not finished.

簡單地表明您花了時間在這件 事情上，您有可能沒完成。

Let’s practise this point. Look at four sentences.

我們來練習一下這一點。看四個句子。

Here’s a task for you: in these sentences, can you  use the present perfect simple, or the continuous,  

這裡是您的任務：在這些句子裡，您可以 使用簡單現在完成式或進行式，

or both? If both are possible, is  the meaning the same, or different? 

或兩者嗎？如果兩者是可能的， 意思是相同的，還是有區別嗎？

Pause the video and think about your ideas.  Take your time! Start again when you’re ready. 

暫停影片，開始考慮您的想法。 自己做！當您準備好了，再開始。

OK? Let’s look together.

好了嗎？我們一起來看看。

In number one, only the simple form is possible. 

在句一，只有簡單形式是可能的。

This is because there’s a number – you’ve called  *five* times – which shows a clear result.

這是因為一個數字 – 您稱 *五*次 – 那表明了一個清晰的結果。

In sentence two, both are possible,  but the continuous is more likely.  

在句二，兩者都有可能， 但是進行式更有可能。

There’s no difference in meaning. This is because you still haven’t arrived,  

在意思上沒有區別。 這是因為您仍然沒有到達，

so there’s no result. Probably,  you want to focus on the process,  

所以沒結果。有可能，  您想著重在程序上，

meaning how much time you’ve spent driving. In sentence three, both are possible,  

意思是您花了多少時間開車。 在句三，兩者都有可能，

with little difference in meaning.  This is because you can focus on the  

有一點點區別。這是因為 您可以著重在

result – you’ve finished watching  many documentaries – or you can  

結果 – 您已經看完了很多 紀錄片 – 或者您可以

focus on the process – you’ve spent  time watching nature documentaries. 

著重在程序 – 您花了 時間看自然紀錄片。

Confusing? Don’t worry about it. Here, the basic  meaning is the same whichever form you use.

混淆了嗎？不用擔心那個。在這裡，基本的 意思是與您使用的任何形式相同的。

In sentence four, both are possible,  but here the meaning would be different. 

在句四，兩者是可能的， 但是，在這裡意思應該是不同的。

If you say ‘I’ve made a  soup for lunch’, then you’ve  

如果您說“I’ve made a  soup for lunch”，那麼您已經

finished cooking, and the soup is ready to eat. If you use the continuous form, then you probably  

煮完了，燙可以喝了。如果您使用 進行式形式，那麼您有可能

haven’t finished. I’ve spent some time cooking,  but there’s probably no result – meaning no soup.

沒有煮好。我花了時間煮，但是， 有可能沒結果 – 意思是沒湯。

Maybe you’re thinking: why  ‘probably?’ It’s a good question! 

也許您在想：為什麼 “probably?”那是一個好問題！

It’s because the sentence just doesn’t  contain that information. If you say  

那是因為句子就是沒含有訊息。 如果您說

‘I’ve been making a soup for lunch,’ there’s no  information about whether you’ve finished or not.

“I’ve been making a soup for lunch”， 沒有關於您是否煮完的訊息。

But, if you *had* finished, you’d almost certainly  use the present perfect simple – ‘I’ve made a  

但是，如果您*已經*煮完了，您幾乎肯定使用 簡單現在完成式 – “I’ve made a

soup.’ So, using the continuous strongly  suggests that you haven’t finished.

soup.”所以，使用進行式強烈地表明 您還沒有煮完。

That’s all. Thanks for watching!

本節課到此結束。感謝觀看！

See you next time!

下次見！