9 Parts of Speech in English - English Grammar Lesson

英语的九种词性 — 英语语法课程

Hi, I’m Kasia.

嗨，我是Kasia。

Welcome to Oxford Online English!

欢迎来到Oxford Online English！

In this lesson, you can learn about parts of speech in English.

在本节课里，您可以学到 英语的词性。

How many parts of speech are there in English?

在英语里有多少词性？

Can you name them, and explain what they do?

您可以给它们命名，并解释 它们做什么吗？

Understanding parts of speech—nouns, verbs, adjectives, and so on—can help you to understand

理解词性 — 名词、动词、 形容词，等等 — 可以帮助您去理解

English sentence structure and how English grammar works.

英语句子结构，以及英语 语法怎样工作的。

In this class, you’ll learn the basic information about parts of speech, you’ll see some ways

在本节课里，您会学到有关 词性的基本信息，您会

that parts of speech can be more complicated than you might expect, and you’ll have several

看到词性也许要比您想像的更复杂，

chances to practice!

同时，您有几次机会去练习！

So, first question: how many parts of speech are there?

所以，第一个问题： 有多少词性？

Well, I did a Google search, and many of the top results said ‘eight’.

好，我做了一个Google搜索， 很多置顶结果说“八个”。

So there must be eight parts of speech in English.

所以，英语肯定有八个词性。

Wrong!

错了！

There are nine.

有九个。

Ah, what are they?

啊·，它们是什么？

Number one: nouns.

第一：名词。

Nouns can be things, animals, or people, like doctor, pencil, tree or cat.

名词可以是东西、动物、或者人， 像是“doctor”、“pencil”、“tree”或“cat”。

Nouns can also be ideas or abstract things, like idea, happiness, time or money.

名词也可以是概念或抽象的事情， 像是“idea”、“happiness”、“time”或“money”。

Number two: verbs.

第二：动词。

Verbs can be actions, like do, run, fly or win.

动词可以是动作， 像是“do”、“run”、“fly”或“win”。

Verbs can also describe states, like be, love, believe or understand.

动词也可以描述状态，像是“be”、“love”、“believe”或“understand”。

Number three: adjectives.

第三：形容词。

Adjectives describe nouns.

形容词修饰名词。

For example: red, big, metal, or beautiful.

例如：red、big、metal或beautiful。

Number four: adverbs.

第四：副词。

Adverbs can describe verbs, meaning they describe how someone does something.

副词可以修饰动词，意思是它们 描述某人怎样做某事。

For example, quickly, loudly, angrily or well.

例如，quickly、loudly、angrily或well。

Adverbs can also describe adjectives, other adverbs, or even whole sentences.

副词也可以修饰形容词、其他 副词，或甚至是整个句子。

For example, very is an adverb which can describe an adjective—very slow—or another adverb—very

例如，“very”是一个副词，可以描述一个形容词 — very slow — 或其他副词 — very

slowly.

slowly.

Unfortunately or sometimes are adverbs which can be used to add information to a whole

“Unfortunately”或“sometimes” 是能用于给一个整句

sentence.

添加信息的副词。

For example:

例如：

Unfortunately, they missed the train and were late to their own wedding!

Unfortunately, they missed the train and were late to their own wedding!

Sometimes, I wish I’d made different choices in life.

Sometimes, I wish I’d made different choices in life.

So, adverbs are a little more complicated.

所以，副词是有点更复杂。

Here’s a good way to remember it: adjectives and adverbs both describe other words.

这里是一个好的方式来记住它：形容词 和副词两者修饰其他的单词。

They are both used to add information to something else.

它们两个都用于给 其他某事添加信息。

Adjectives describe nouns, and adverbs describe everything else: verbs, adjectives, adverbs

形容词修饰名词，副词修饰其他 每一件事情：动词、形容词、

and whole sentences.

副词和整句。

Number five: pronouns.

第五：代词。

Pronouns replace or represent nouns.

代词取代或代表名词。

For example, I, you, she or they are pronouns which represent different people.

例如，“I”、“you”、“she”或“they”是 代表不同人的代词。

You use pronouns to avoid repeating the same word, or to refer to something when it’s

您使用代词来避免相同的 单词，或当您的意思是

obvious what you mean.

很明显地指代某事时。

For example:

例如：

How was the weather there?

How was the weather there?

There is a pronoun which refers to a place.

有一个代词指代一个地方。

If you’ve already mentioned the place you’re talking about, you don’t need to say it

如果您已经提及您谈论 的地方，您不必

again.

再次说它。

Another example:

另一个例子：

Give me two, please.

Give me two, please.

Two is a pronoun which refers to a quantity of something which has already been mentioned.

“Two”是一个代词，指代已经被 提及的某样东西的数量。

The person you’re talking to already knows what you’re talking about.

正在与您交谈的人已经 知道您在谈论什么。

Number six: prepositions.

第六：介词。

Prepositions usually go before a noun or noun phrase.

介词通常在一个名词或 一个名词短语的前面。

What’s their job?

它们的作用是什么？

Prepositions can do two basic things: first, they can add an idea of time, place, or movement

介词可以做两件基本的事情：首先， 它们可以给一个名词增加

to a noun.

一个时间、地点或动作的概念。

For example:

例如：

on Wednesday in the corner

on Wednesday in the corner

towards the door

towards the door

Secondly, prepositions can connect other words to a noun, or a pronoun.

其次，介词可以把其他的单词 连接到一个名词或一个代词。

For example, think about the verb depend on.

例如：想想动词depend on。

The preposition on connects the verb depend to the object of the verb.

介词“on”连接动词“depend” 到动词的对象。

For example:

例如：

It depends on the cost.

It depends on the cost.

Usually, the noun or noun phrase goes after the preposition.

通常，名词或名词短语 在介词后面。

However, sometimes the preposition can link to a noun (or pronoun) earlier in the sentence.

然而，有时介词可以在句子 前面连接一个名词（或代词）。

For example:

例如：

What does it depend on?

What does it depend on?

Here, on links to the pronoun what.

在这里，“on”连接到代词“what”。

Conjunctions.

连词。

Conjunctions connect two things.

连词连接两件事情。

A conjunction can connect two words:

一个连词可以连接两个单词：

I like cake and ice-cream.

I like cake and ice-cream.

A conjunction can connect two phrases:

一个连词可以连接两个短语：

Do you want to go now or wait till this afternoon?

Do you want to go now or wait till this afternoon?

You can also use a conjunction to connect two clauses:

您也可以用一个连词 来连接两個从句：

Although I’ve been trying to learn for years, I’m still really bad at drawing.

Although I’ve been trying to learn for years, I’m still really bad at drawing.

Number eight: determiners

第八： 限定词。

Determiners go before a noun.

限定词在名词前面。

They include words like a, the, this or that, which help to specify which noun you’re

它们帮助去特指您在谈论的 名词，它们包括单词像是“a”、

talking about.

“the”、“this”或“that”。

Words like my, your, his, her, etc. are also determiners.

单词像是“my”、“your”、“his”、 “her”，等等，也是限定词。

They specify which noun you’re talking about by saying who something belongs to.

它们通过说某些东西属于谁 来特指您在谈论的名词。

Determiners can also tell you how many of something there are.

限定词也可以告诉 您有多少东西。

Look at three examples:

看三个例子：

ten bananas some people

ten bananas some people

both of my brothers

both of my brothers

The words ten, some and both are determiners.

单词“ten”、“some”和“both”是限定词。

Number nine: interjections

第九：感叹词。

Interjections are different, because they aren’t normally part of a sentence.

感叹词是不同的，因为正常来说， 它们不是句子的一部分。

Interjections are words or phrases which show how you feel.

感叹词是表明您觉得 怎样的单词或短语。

For example:

例如：

Wow!

Wow!

Ah, crap!

Ah, crap!

No way!

No way!

So, now you know about the nine parts of speech in English.

所以，现在您知道了 英语的九种词性。

Let’s practice!

我们来练习一下。

Look at three sentences.

看三个句子。

Each sentence has five words.

每句有五个单词。

1.

1.

They told me about it.

They told me about it.

2.

2.

Look in the big cupboard.

Look in the big cupboard.

3.

3.

Put it there, but carefully.

Put it there, but carefully.

Can you identify which part of speech each word is?

您可以辨认每一个单词 是哪一种词性吗？

Pause the video and think about your answers.

暂停视屏，并考虑您的答案。

How did you do?

您做得怎样？

Could you identify the parts of speech correctly?

您可以正确地辨认词性吗？

Let’s look at one more.

我们再看一个。

I’m staying in this evening.

I’m staying in this evening.

What part of speech are these words?

这些单词是什么词性？

Think about it.

想想它。

So, I is a pronoun, am is a verb, and staying is also a verb.

那么，“I”是一个代词，“am”是一个 动词，“staying”也是一个动词。

What about in?

“in”呢？

Did you say it’s a preposition?

您说它是一个介词吗？

It’s not a preposition; it’s an adverb.

它不是一个介词；它是一个副词。

How does this work?

这是怎么回事？

We had the word in in one of the sentences you saw before, and it was a preposition.

在您之前看到的句子里的一句， 有“in”，那是一个介词。

So, what’s going on?

那么，怎么了？

Some words can only be one thing.

一些单词可以只是一种事情。

For example, the words independence or hair can only be nouns.

例如，单词“independence”或 “hair”可以只是名词。

Believe and destroy can only be verbs.

“Believe”和“destroy”可以只是动词。

However, many words can be more than one part of speech.

然而，很多单词可以有一种 以上的词性。

There are two things happening here.

在这里，有两件事情发生。

First, a word can be two different things, which have the same written form and the same

首先，一个单词可以是两种不同的 事情，有相同的书写格式

pronunciation.

和相同的发音。

Think about the word win.

想想单词“win”。

Is it a noun or a verb?

它是一个名词还是一个动词？

It can be both.

它可以两个都是。

I’m sure they’ll win the game this weekend.

I’m sure they’ll win the game this weekend.

We’ll be hoping for a win in the big game this weekend.

We’ll be hoping for a win in the big game this weekend.

Many words are like this.

很多单词像是这样的。

Red can be an adjective or a noun.

“Red”可以是一个形容词 或一个名词。

What do you think about this red for the kitchen?

What do you think about this red for the kitchen?

I like that red top she was wearing.

I like that red top she was wearing.

This is very common: very often, a word with one written form can be two (or more) different

这是很常见的：常常，有一个书写 格式的一个单词可以是

parts of speech.

两种（或更多）词性。

We told you there are two things happening here; what’s the other?

我们告诉您在这里有两件 事情发生：另一件呢？

Sometimes, a word can be different parts of speech depending on its function in the sentence.

有时，一个单词可以有不同的词性 取决于在句子里的功能。

Look at two sentences:

看两个句子：

I have a few photos of my grandparents.

I have a few photos of my grandparents.

Sure, you can have a few.

Sure, you can have a few.

Here’s a question: what part of speech is few in these sentences?

这里有一个问题：在这些 句子里“few”是什么词性？

In the first sentence, few is a determiner; in the second, it’s a pronoun.

在第一句，“few”是一个限定词； 在第二句，那是一个代词。

Can you explain why this is?

您可以解释这是为什么吗？

Think about what few does in these two sentences.

想想“few”在这两句里做什么。

In the first sentence, few adds a quantity to the noun photos.

在第一句，“few”给名词 “photos”添加了数量。

It tells us how many photos you have.

那告诉我们您有多少照片。

This makes it a determiner.

这让它成为限定词。

In the second sentence, few replaces a noun.

在第二句，“few”取代了一个名词。

You don’t know which noun it replaces, but in context, you would understand what the

您不知道哪一个名词被取代，但是， 根据上下文，您会理解

person meant.

那个人意思是什么。

Maybe it was ‘a few biscuits’, or ‘a few pieces of paper.’

也许那是“a few biscuits”，或者 “a few pieces of paper”。

We don’t know!

我们不知道。

But, you do know that few replaces a noun, which makes it a pronoun.

但是，您知道“few”取代一个名词， 那让它成为一个代词。

Another example is the sentence we saw before:

另一个例子是我们之前看到的句子：

I’m staying in this evening.

I’m staying in this evening.

Prepositions go with nouns, and connect nouns to other words in the sentence.

介词和名词一起，并在句子 里连接名词到其他的单词。

In here doesn’t go with a noun, so it can’t be a preposition.

“In”在这里没有和名词一起， 所以它不能是一个介词。

In here means ‘at home’, and it adds information to the verb stay.

“In”在这里意思是“at home”， 它给动词“stay”添加了信息。

What kind of words add information to verbs?

什么类型的单词给动词添加信息？

Adverbs!

副词！

So, in is an adverb.

所以，“in”是一个副词。

Wait a minute, did we ever finish explaining what parts of speech are in this sentence?

稍等一分钟，我们完成了有什么词性 在这个句子里的解释了吗？

You’re right!

您是对的！

We didn’t.

我们没有。

Let’s do it now.

我们现在做这个。

You need to say what parts of speech the words this evening are.

您要说单词“this evening” 是什么词性。

Can you do it?

您可以做吗？

Maybe you said that this is a determiner, and evening is a noun.

也许您说“ this”是一个限定词， “evening”是一个名词。

That’s technically correct, but it’s not the best answer.

技术上那是正确的，但是， 那不是最好的答案。

The best answer is that this evening is an adverb.

最好的答案是“this evening” 是一个副词。

How do you explain that?

您怎样解释那个？

Until now, you’ve seen single words, and how single words can be nouns, verbs, etc.

直到现在，您看到了单个单词，以及单个单词 可以怎样是名词、动词，等等。

However, when you’re thinking about parts of speech, you can’t just think about single

然而，当您在想词性时， 您不能只想

words.

单个单词。

Phrases can also be nouns, verbs, adjectives, and so on.

短语可以是名词、动词、 形容词，等等。

Let’s do an example:

我们做一个例子：

Add a small spoonful of brown sugar, then turn the heat down and stir the mixture gently.

Add a small spoonful of brown sugar, then turn the heat down and stir the mixture gently.

Think about the first part of this sentence: add a small spoonful of brown sugar.

考虑这句的第一部分： add a small spoonful of brown sugar.

What parts of speech do we have here?

在这里我们有什么词性？

Of course, you can go through it word by word.

当然，您可以逐字地分析它。

You can say, add is a verb, a is a determiner, small is an adjective and so on.

您可以说”add“是一个动词，”a“是一个 限定词，”small“是一个形容词，等等。

But, is that the most useful way of looking at it?

但是，那是看这个的 最有用的方式吗？

It makes more sense to see this as a verb—add—and a noun—a small spoonful of brown sugar.

把这个当做一个动词更有意义 — add — 和一个名词 — a small spoonful of brown sugar。

The noun is made up of several parts of speech: determiners, adjectives, prepositions and

名词是由几个词性构成：限定词、 形容词、介词和名词，

nouns, but together they have one meaning.

但是，合在一起它们有一个意思。

These words refer to one thing.

这些单词指的是一件事情。

You can analyse a sentence in several different layers.

您可以在几个不同的 层次分析一个句子。

So, you can see a small spoonful of brown sugar as six individual words, or one noun

所以，您可以把“a small spoonful of brown sugar”看成六个独立的单词，

phrase.

或者一个名词短语。

You could also see it as three parts: a determiner—a small spoonful, a preposition—of, and a

您也可以把它看成三个部分：一个 限定词 — a small spoonful，一个

noun—brown sugar.

介词 — of，和一个名词 — brown sugar。

Confused?

混淆吗？

We understand!

我们理解！

You want to know the answer.

您想知道答案。

You want to know which way is ‘correct’.

您想知道哪一种方式是“正确的”。

There isn’t one ‘correct’ way to say this.

没有一个“正确的”方式来说这个。

There are different perspectives.

有不同的观点。

A better question is: which perspective makes more sense?

一个比较好的问题是： 哪一个观点更有道理？

In this sentence, a small spoonful of brown sugar refers to one thing in the world.

在这句里，“a small spoonful of brown sugar” 指的是在一个世界里的一件事情。

So it makes sense to think of it as one part of speech in the sentence.

所以，考虑把它当作句子里的 一个词性有意义。

What about the second part of the sentence?

那句子的第二部分呢？

How would you analyse the parts of speech?

您怎样分析词性？

As you saw before, there isn’t one right answer, but here’s a suggestion.

如同您之前看到的，没有一个正确的 答案，但是，这里是一个建议。

The sentence contains a conjunction—then, and then two verb phrases linked with the

句子包含了一个连词 — then， 然后，用连词“and”连接的

conjunction and.

两个动词短语。

This makes sense because the sentence is telling you to do two things: turn the heat down and

这是有道理的，因为句子在告诉您 去做两件事：把火调小，以及

stir the mixture gently.

轻轻搅拌混合物。

So, it makes sense to see turn the heat down as one part of speech, because it’s telling

所以，把火调小看成一个词性 是有道理的，因为它告诉

you do to one thing.

您去做一件事情。

Let’s put these ideas together.

我们把这些想法放在一起。

First, when you think about parts of speech, you can’t just memorise information.

首先，当您考虑讲述词性时， 您不能只是记忆信息。

You have to look at each sentence individually, and think about what each word is doing.

您要独立地看每一个句子， 并考虑每个单词在做什么。

Secondly, always think about what the sentence means in the real world.

其次，总是考虑句子在真实世界里 意思是什么。

Sentences aren’t abstract things; they refer to real people, real things and real actions.

句子不是抽象的事情；它们指的是真实 的人、真实的东西和和真实的动作。

There is always more than one way to analyse the parts of speech in a sentence: choose

总是有超过一种方式来分析一个 句子里的词性：根据句子在

the way that makes sense based on what the sentence is telling you about real life!

告诉您有关真实生活的什么 来选择有道理的方式。

Let’s do a more challenging practice exercise so you can see these ideas in action.

我们再来做一个有挑战的练习，这样 您可以在行动里理解这些概念。

Look at three sentences:

看三个句子：

Amazing!

Amazing!

It’s way better than I ever thought it would be.

It’s way better than I ever thought it would be.

She was an amazing clinician, who came up with many innovative ways to treat patients.

She was an amazing clinician, who came up with many innovative ways to treat patients.

I don’t believe it!

I don’t believe it!

How would you analyse the parts of speech in these sentences?

您要怎样分析这些 句子里的词性？

Think about the ideas we talked about in the last section.

想想我们在上一个单元 谈论的概念。

Does it make sense to break the sentences into individual words, or is it better to

把句子拆成独立的单词那 有道理吗，还是最好是

group words into phrases?

把单词组合成短语？

Pause the video and think about your ideas.

暂停视屏并考虑您的意见。

Ready?

做好了吗？

Here are our answers.

这里是我们的答案。

You can pause the video again to look at these in more detail.

您可以再次暂停视屏，来 看看更多细节。

Notice how the same word can be different parts of speech in different sentences.

注意相同的单词怎样可以在不同的 句子里是不同的词性。

For example, amazing is an interjection in one sentence, and an adjective in another.

例如，“amazing”是在句子一里是一个感叹词， 在另一个句子里是形容词。

Notice also the different layers of analysis.

也注意分析的不同层次。

For example, look at the phrase many innovative ways.

例如，看看短语 “many innovative ways”。

You can see this as one noun phrase, or as a determiner plus a noun phrase, or as three

您可以把它看成一个名词短语，或者 一个限定词加一个名词短语，或者三个

individual parts: a determiner, an adjective and a noun.

独立的词性：一个限定词、一个 形容词和一个名词。

Which is correct?

哪一个是正确的？

They all are!

它们都是正确的！

Choose the perspective which makes more sense to you.

选择您认为最有 道理的那个看法。

Want more practice with this topic?

想要这个主题的更多练习吗？

Check out the full version of this lesson on our website: Oxford Online English dot

在我们的网站上看本节课的完整版本： Oxford Online English dot

com.

com.

You can practice with a quiz to check your understanding of parts of speech in English.

您可以做一个随堂小测验来 检查您对英语词性的理解。

Thanks for watching!

感谢观看！

See you next time!

下次见！