9 Parts of Speech in English - English Grammar Lesson

英文的九大詞性 — 英文文法

Hi, I’m Kasia.

嗨，我是Kasia。

Welcome to Oxford Online English!

歡迎來到Oxford Online English！

In this lesson, you can learn about parts of speech in English.

在本節課裡，您可以學到 英文詞性。

How many parts of speech are there in English?

英文有多少詞性？

Can you name them, and explain what they do?

您可以講出名稱，並解釋 它們的用法嗎？

Understanding parts of speech—nouns, verbs, adjectives, and so on—can help you to understand

理解詞性 — 名詞、動詞、 形容詞，等等 — 可以幫助您來理解

English sentence structure and how English grammar works.

英文句型結構，以及英文 文法怎樣工作的。

In this class, you’ll learn the basic information about parts of speech, you’ll see some ways

在本節課裡，您會學到有關 詞性的基本資訊，您會

that parts of speech can be more complicated than you might expect, and you’ll have several

看到詞性也許要比 您想像的更複雜，

chances to practice!

同時，您有幾次練習機會！

So, first question: how many parts of speech are there?

所以，第一個問題： 有多少詞性？

Well, I did a Google search, and many of the top results said ‘eight’.

好，我做了一個Google搜索， 很多置頂結果說“八個”。

So there must be eight parts of speech in English.

所以，英文肯定有八個詞性。

Wrong!

錯了！

There are nine.

有九個。

Ah, what are they?

啊，它們是什麼？

Number one: nouns.

第一：名詞。

Nouns can be things, animals, or people, like doctor, pencil, tree or cat.

名詞可以是東西、動物、或者人物， 像是“doctor”、“pencil”、“tree”或“cat”。

Nouns can also be ideas or abstract things, like idea, happiness, time or money.

名詞也可以是概念或抽象的事情， 像是“idea”、“happiness”、“time”或“money”。

Number two: verbs.

第二：動詞。

Verbs can be actions, like do, run, fly or win.

動詞可以是動作， 像是“do”、“run”、“fly”或“win”。

Verbs can also describe states, like be, love, believe or understand.

動詞也可以表狀態，像是“be”、“love”、“believe”或“understand”。

Number three: adjectives.

第三：形容詞。

Adjectives describe nouns.

形容詞修飾名詞。

For example: red, big, metal, or beautiful.

例如：red、big、metal或beautiful。

Number four: adverbs.

第四：副詞。

Adverbs can describe verbs, meaning they describe how someone does something.

副詞可以修飾動詞，意思是它們 描述某個人怎樣做某件事情。

For example, quickly, loudly, angrily or well.

例如，quickly、loudly、angrily或well。

Adverbs can also describe adjectives, other adverbs, or even whole sentences.

副詞也可以修飾形容詞、其他 副詞，或者甚至是整個句子。

For example, very is an adverb which can describe an adjective—very slow—or another adverb—very

例如，“very”是一個副詞，可以修飾一個形容詞 — very slow — 或其他副詞 — very

slowly.

slowly.

Unfortunately or sometimes are adverbs which can be used to add information to a whole

“Unfortunately”或“sometimes” 是能給一個整句

sentence.

添加資訊的副詞。

For example:

例如：

Unfortunately, they missed the train and were late to their own wedding!

Unfortunately, they missed the train and were late to their own wedding!

Sometimes, I wish I’d made different choices in life.

Sometimes, I wish I’d made different choices in life.

So, adverbs are a little more complicated.

所以，副詞有點更複雜。

Here’s a good way to remember it: adjectives and adverbs both describe other words.

這裡是一個好的方式來記住它：形容詞 和副詞二者修飾其他的單字。

They are both used to add information to something else.

它們二者都用於給 其他某件事情添加資訊。

Adjectives describe nouns, and adverbs describe everything else: verbs, adjectives, adverbs

形容詞修飾名詞，副詞修飾其他 每一件東西：動詞、形容詞、

and whole sentences.

副詞和整個句子。

Number five: pronouns.

第五：代名詞。

Pronouns replace or represent nouns.

代名詞取代或代表名詞。

For example, I, you, she or they are pronouns which represent different people.

例如，“I”、“you”、“she”或“they”是 代表不同人的代名詞。

You use pronouns to avoid repeating the same word, or to refer to something when it’s

您使用代名詞來避免相同的 單字，或者當您的意思是

obvious what you mean.

很明顯地指代某件事情時。

For example:

例如：

How was the weather there?

How was the weather there?

There is a pronoun which refers to a place.

有一個代名詞指代一個地方。

If you’ve already mentioned the place you’re talking about, you don’t need to say it

如果您之前已經提及您談論 的地方，您不必

again.

再次講它。

Another example:

另一個例子：

Give me two, please.

Give me two, please.

Two is a pronoun which refers to a quantity of something which has already been mentioned.

“Two”是一個代名詞，指代已經 提及的某樣東西的數量。

The person you’re talking to already knows what you’re talking about.

正在和您交談的人已經 知道您在談論什麼。

Number six: prepositions.

第六：介系詞。

Prepositions usually go before a noun or noun phrase.

介系詞通常放在一個名詞或 一個名詞片語前面。

What’s their job?

它們的功能是什麼？

Prepositions can do two basic things: first, they can add an idea of time, place, or movement

介系詞可以做兩件基礎的事情：首先， 它們可以給一個名詞增加

to a noun.

一個時間、地點或動作的概念。

For example:

例如：

on Wednesday in the corner

on Wednesday in the corner

towards the door

towards the door

Secondly, prepositions can connect other words to a noun, or a pronoun.

其次，介系詞可以把其他的單字 連接到一個名詞或一個代名詞。

For example, think about the verb depend on.

例如：想一想動詞depend on。

The preposition on connects the verb depend to the object of the verb.

介系詞“on”連接動詞“depend” 到動詞的受詞。

For example:

例如：

It depends on the cost.

It depends on the cost.

Usually, the noun or noun phrase goes after the preposition.

通常，名詞或名詞片語 在介系詞的後面。

However, sometimes the preposition can link to a noun (or pronoun) earlier in the sentence.

然而，有時候，介系詞可以在句子 前面連接一個名詞（或代名詞）。

For example:

例如：

What does it depend on?

What does it depend on?

Here, on links to the pronoun what.

在這裡，“on”連接到代名詞“what”。

Conjunctions.

連接詞。

Conjunctions connect two things.

連接詞連接兩件事情。

A conjunction can connect two words:

一個連接詞可以連接兩個單字：

I like cake and ice-cream.

I like cake and ice-cream.

A conjunction can connect two phrases:

一個連接詞可以連接兩個片語：

Do you want to go now or wait till this afternoon?

Do you want to go now or wait till this afternoon?

You can also use a conjunction to connect two clauses:

您也可以用一個連接詞 來連接兩個子句：

Although I’ve been trying to learn for years, I’m still really bad at drawing.

Although I’ve been trying to learn for years, I’m still really bad at drawing.

Number eight: determiners

第八：限定詞。

Determiners go before a noun.

限定詞放在名詞前面。

They include words like a, the, this or that, which help to specify which noun you’re

它們幫助特指您在談論的 名詞，它們包括單字像是“a”、

talking about.

“the”、“this”或“that”。

Words like my, your, his, her, etc. are also determiners.

單字像是“my”、“your”、“his”、 “her”，等等，也是限定詞。

They specify which noun you’re talking about by saying who something belongs to.

它們通過說某些東西屬於誰 來特指您在談論的名詞。

Determiners can also tell you how many of something there are.

限定詞也可以告訴您 有多少東西。

Look at three examples:

看三個例子：

ten bananas some people

ten bananas some people

both of my brothers

both of my brothers

The words ten, some and both are determiners.

單字“ten”、“some”和“both”是限定詞。

Number nine: interjections

第九：感嘆詞。

Interjections are different, because they aren’t normally part of a sentence.

感嘆詞是不同的，因為正常來說， 它們不是句子的一部分。

Interjections are words or phrases which show how you feel.

感嘆詞是表達您感覺 怎樣的單字或片語。

For example:

例如：

Wow!

Wow!

Ah, crap!

Ah, crap!

No way!

No way!

So, now you know about the nine parts of speech in English.

所以，現在您知道英文的 九大詞性了。

Let’s practice!

我們來練習一下。

Look at three sentences.

看三個句子。

Each sentence has five words.

每句有五個單字。

1.

1.

They told me about it.

They told me about it.

2.

2.

Look in the big cupboard.

Look in the big cupboard.

3.

3.

Put it there, but carefully.

Put it there, but carefully.

Can you identify which part of speech each word is?

您可以辨認每一個單字 是哪一大詞性嗎？

Pause the video and think about your answers.

暫停影片，並考慮您的答案。

How did you do?

您做得怎樣？

Could you identify the parts of speech correctly?

您可以正確地辨認詞性嗎？

Let’s look at one more.

我們再看一個。

I’m staying in this evening.

I’m staying in this evening.

What part of speech are these words?

這些單字是什麼詞性？

Think about it.

想想它。

So, I is a pronoun, am is a verb, and staying is also a verb.

那麼，“I”是一個代名詞，“am”是一個 動詞，“staying”也是一個動詞。

What about in?

“in”呢？

Did you say it’s a preposition?

您說它是一個介系詞嗎？

It’s not a preposition; it’s an adverb.

它不是一個介系詞；它是一個副詞。

How does this work?

這是怎麼一回事？

We had the word in in one of the sentences you saw before, and it was a preposition.

在您之前看到的句子裡的一句， 有“in”，那是一個介系詞。

So, what’s going on?

那麼，怎麼了？

Some words can only be one thing.

一些單字可以只是一種詞性。

For example, the words independence or hair can only be nouns.

例如，單字“independence”或 “hair”可以只是名詞。

Believe and destroy can only be verbs.

“Believe”和“destroy”可以只是動詞。

However, many words can be more than one part of speech.

然而，很多單字可以有一種 以上的詞性。

There are two things happening here.

在這裡，有兩件事情發生。

First, a word can be two different things, which have the same written form and the same

首先，一個單字可以有兩種不同 的詞性，有相同的書寫格式

pronunciation.

和相同的發音。

Think about the word win.

想想單字“win”。

Is it a noun or a verb?

它是一個名詞還是一個動詞？

It can be both.

它可以二者都是。

I’m sure they’ll win the game this weekend.

I’m sure they’ll win the game this weekend.

We’ll be hoping for a win in the big game this weekend.

We’ll be hoping for a win in the big game this weekend.

Many words are like this.

很多單字像這樣。

Red can be an adjective or a noun.

“Red”可以是一個形容詞 或一個名詞。

What do you think about this red for the kitchen?

What do you think about this red for the kitchen?

I like that red top she was wearing.

I like that red top she was wearing.

This is very common: very often, a word with one written form can be two (or more) different

這是很常見的：常常，有一個書寫 格式的一個單字可以是

parts of speech.

兩種（或更多）詞性。

We told you there are two things happening here; what’s the other?

我們告訴您在這裡有兩件 事情發生：另一件呢？

Sometimes, a word can be different parts of speech depending on its function in the sentence.

有時，一個單字可以有不同的詞性 取決於在句子裡的功能。

Look at two sentences:

看兩個句子：

I have a few photos of my grandparents.

I have a few photos of my grandparents.

Sure, you can have a few.

Sure, you can have a few.

Here’s a question: what part of speech is few in these sentences?

這裡有一個問題：在這些 句子裡“few”是什麼詞性？

In the first sentence, few is a determiner; in the second, it’s a pronoun.

在第一句，“few”是一個限定詞； 在第二句，那是一個代名詞。

Can you explain why this is?

您能解釋這是為什麼嗎？

Think about what few does in these two sentences.

想想“few”在這兩句裡做什麼。

In the first sentence, few adds a quantity to the noun photos.

在第一句，“few”給名詞 “photos”添加了數量。

It tells us how many photos you have.

它告訴我們您有多少張照片。

This makes it a determiner.

這樣，它是限定詞。

In the second sentence, few replaces a noun.

在第二句，“few”取代了一個名詞。

You don’t know which noun it replaces, but in context, you would understand what the

您不知道哪一個名詞被取代，但是， 根據上下文，您會理解

person meant.

那個人意思是什麼。

Maybe it was ‘a few biscuits’, or ‘a few pieces of paper.’

也許那是“a few biscuits”，或者 “a few pieces of paper”。

We don’t know!

我們不知道。

But, you do know that few replaces a noun, which makes it a pronoun.

但是，您知道“few”取代一個名詞， 那讓它成為一個代名詞。

Another example is the sentence we saw before:

另一個例子是我們之前看到的句子：

I’m staying in this evening.

I’m staying in this evening.

Prepositions go with nouns, and connect nouns to other words in the sentence.

介系詞和名詞一起，並在句子 裡連接名詞到其他的單字。

In here doesn’t go with a noun, so it can’t be a preposition.

“In”在這裡沒有和名詞一起， 所以它不能是一個介系詞。

In here means ‘at home’, and it adds information to the verb stay.

“In”在這裡意思是“at home”， 它給動詞“stay”添加了資訊。

What kind of words add information to verbs?

什麼類型的單字給動詞添加資訊？

Adverbs!

副詞！

So, in is an adverb.

所以，“in”是一個副詞。

Wait a minute, did we ever finish explaining what parts of speech are in this sentence?

稍等一分鐘，我們完成了在這個 句子裡有什麼詞性的解釋了嗎？

You’re right!

您是對的！

We didn’t.

我們沒有。

Let’s do it now.

我們現在做這個。

You need to say what parts of speech the words this evening are.

您要說單字“this evening” 是什麼詞性。

Can you do it?

您可以做嗎？

Maybe you said that this is a determiner, and evening is a noun.

也許您說“ this”是一個限定詞， “evening”是一個名詞。

That’s technically correct, but it’s not the best answer.

技術上那是正確的，但是， 那不是最好的答案。

The best answer is that this evening is an adverb.

最好的答案是“this evening” 是一個副詞。

How do you explain that?

您怎樣解釋那個？

Until now, you’ve seen single words, and how single words can be nouns, verbs, etc.

直到現在，您看到了單個單字，以及單個單字 可以怎樣是名詞、動詞，等等。

However, when you’re thinking about parts of speech, you can’t just think about single

然而，當您在想詞性時， 您不能只想

words.

單個單字。

Phrases can also be nouns, verbs, adjectives, and so on.

片語可以是名詞、動詞、 形容詞，等等。

Let’s do an example:

我們做一個例子：

Add a small spoonful of brown sugar, then turn the heat down and stir the mixture gently.

Add a small spoonful of brown sugar, then turn the heat down and stir the mixture gently.

Think about the first part of this sentence: add a small spoonful of brown sugar.

考慮這句的第一部分： add a small spoonful of brown sugar.

What parts of speech do we have here?

在這裡，我們有什麼詞性？

Of course, you can go through it word by word.

當然，您可以逐字地分析它。

You can say, add is a verb, a is a determiner, small is an adjective and so on.

您可以說”add“是一個動詞，”a“是一個 限定詞，”small“是一個形容詞，等等。

But, is that the most useful way of looking at it?

但是，那是看這個的 最有用的方式嗎？

It makes more sense to see this as a verb—add—and a noun—a small spoonful of brown sugar.

把這個當做一個動詞更有意義 — add — 和一個名詞 — a small spoonful of brown sugar。

The noun is made up of several parts of speech: determiners, adjectives, prepositions and

名詞是由幾個詞性構建：限定詞、 形容詞、介系詞和名詞，

nouns, but together they have one meaning.

但是，合在一起它們有一個意思。

These words refer to one thing.

這些單字指的是一件事情。

You can analyse a sentence in several different layers.

您可以在幾個不同的 層次分析一個句子。

So, you can see a small spoonful of brown sugar as six individual words, or one noun

所以，您可以把“a small spoonful of brown sugar”看成六個獨立的單字，

phrase.

或者一個名詞片語。

You could also see it as three parts: a determiner—a small spoonful, a preposition—of, and a

您也可以把它看成是三個部分：一個 限定詞 — a small spoonful，一個

noun—brown sugar.

介系詞 — of，和一個名詞 — brown sugar。

Confused?

混淆嗎？

We understand!

我們理解！

You want to know the answer.

您想知道答案。

You want to know which way is ‘correct’.

您想知道哪一種方式是“正確的”。

There isn’t one ‘correct’ way to say this.

沒有一個“正確的”方式來說這個。

There are different perspectives.

有不同的觀點。

A better question is: which perspective makes more sense?

一個比較好的問題是： 哪一個觀點更有道理？

In this sentence, a small spoonful of brown sugar refers to one thing in the world.

在這句裡，“a small spoonful of brown sugar” 指的是在一個世界裡的一件事情。

So it makes sense to think of it as one part of speech in the sentence.

所以，考慮把它當做句子裡的 一個詞性有道理。

What about the second part of the sentence?

那句子的第二部分呢？

How would you analyse the parts of speech?

您怎樣分析詞性？

As you saw before, there isn’t one right answer, but here’s a suggestion.

如同您之前看到的，沒有一個正確的 答案，但是，這裡是一個建議。

The sentence contains a conjunction—then, and then two verb phrases linked with the

句子包含了一個連接詞 — then， 然後，用連接詞“and”連接的

conjunction and.

兩個動詞片語。

This makes sense because the sentence is telling you to do two things: turn the heat down and

這是有道理的，因為句子在告訴您 去做兩件事：把火調小，以及

stir the mixture gently.

輕輕攪拌混合物。

So, it makes sense to see turn the heat down as one part of speech, because it’s telling

所以，把火調小看成一個詞性 是有道理的，因為它告訴

you do to one thing.

您去做一件事情。

Let’s put these ideas together.

我們把這些想法放在一起。

First, when you think about parts of speech, you can’t just memorise information.

首先，當您考慮講述詞性時， 您不能只是記憶資訊。

You have to look at each sentence individually, and think about what each word is doing.

您要獨立地看每一個句子， 並考慮每個單字在做什麼。

Secondly, always think about what the sentence means in the real world.

其次，總是考慮句子在真實世界裡 意思是什麼。

Sentences aren’t abstract things; they refer to real people, real things and real actions.

句子不是抽象的事情；它們指的是真實 的人、真實的東西和真實的動作。

There is always more than one way to analyse the parts of speech in a sentence: choose

總是有超過一種方式來分析一個 句子裡的詞性：根據句子正在

the way that makes sense based on what the sentence is telling you about real life!

告訴您有關真實生活的什麼 來選擇有道理的方式。

Let’s do a more challenging practice exercise so you can see these ideas in action.

我們再來做一個有挑戰的練習，這樣 您可以在行動裡理解這些概念。

Look at three sentences:

看三個句子：

Amazing!

Amazing!

It’s way better than I ever thought it would be.

It’s way better than I ever thought it would be.

She was an amazing clinician, who came up with many innovative ways to treat patients.

She was an amazing clinician, who came up with many innovative ways to treat patients.

I don’t believe it!

I don’t believe it!

How would you analyse the parts of speech in these sentences?

您要怎樣分析這些句子裡的詞性？

Think about the ideas we talked about in the last section.

想像我們在上一個單元 談論的概念。

Does it make sense to break the sentences into individual words, or is it better to

把句子拆成獨立的單字那 有道理嗎，還是最好是

group words into phrases?

把單字組合成片語？

Pause the video and think about your ideas.

暫停影片並考慮您的意見。

Ready?

做好了嗎？

Here are our answers.

這裡是我們的答案。

You can pause the video again to look at these in more detail.

您可以再次暫停影片，來 看看更多細節。

Notice how the same word can be different parts of speech in different sentences.

注意相同的單字怎樣可以在不同的 句子裡是不同的詞性。

For example, amazing is an interjection in one sentence, and an adjective in another.

例如，“amazing”在句一裡是一個感嘆詞， 在另一句裡是形容詞。

Notice also the different layers of analysis.

也注意分析不同的層次。

For example, look at the phrase many innovative ways.

例如，看看片語 “many innovative ways”。

You can see this as one noun phrase, or as a determiner plus a noun phrase, or as three

您可以把它看成一個名詞片語，或者 一個限定詞加一個名詞片語，或者三個

individual parts: a determiner, an adjective and a noun.

獨立的詞性：一個限定詞、一個 形容詞和一個名詞。

Which is correct?

哪一個是正確的？

They all are!

它們都是正確的！

Choose the perspective which makes more sense to you.

選擇您認為最有 道理的那個看法。

Want more practice with this topic?

想要做這個主題的更多練習嗎？

Check out the full version of this lesson on our website: Oxford Online English dot

在我們的網站上看本節課的完整版本： Oxford Online English dot

com.

com.

You can practice with a quiz to check your understanding of parts of speech in English.

您可以做一個隨堂小測驗來 檢查您對英文詞性的理解。

Thanks for watching!

感謝觀看！

See you next time!

下次見！