During / While / Meanwhile - How to use them in English

112,253 views ใƒป 2018-01-20

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ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:09
Today we're doing the difference between during and while and later meanwhile
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€็งใŸใกใฏ during ใจ while ใจ later while ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
00:15
They all mean "At the same time" or "In the middle of another action"
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆใ€ŒๅŒๆ™‚ใซใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅˆฅใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎ้€”ไธญใงใ€
00:20
but we use them in different ways
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ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—
00:23
let me give you an example
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ใพใ™. ไพ‹
00:24
We'll start with during (หˆdส’สŠษ™rษชล‹) or during (หˆdjสŠษ™rษชล‹)
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ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†. during (หˆdส’สŠษ™rษชล‹) ใพใŸใฏ during (หˆdjสŠษ™rษชล‹)
00:28
both pronunciations are fine
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใงใ‚‚ๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Š
00:30
doesn't matter how you pronounce it
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใฆใ‚‚ๅ•้กŒ
00:32
but in a sentence there must be a noun after the word "During"
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๆ–‡็ซ ใงใฏใ€ŒDuringใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใฎๅพŒใซๅ่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
00:38
I pronounce it หˆdส’สŠษ™rษชล‹
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็งใฏ หˆdส’สŠษ™rษชล‹ ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™
00:47
For example I want to say
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ใ€‚
00:49
I hate people who talk in the middle of movies
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ๆ˜ ็”ปใฎ้€”ไธญใง่ฉฑใ™ใฎใฏ
00:54
it's very annoying don't do it
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้žๅธธใซ่ฟทๆƒ‘ ใงใ™
00:55
but I replace "in the middle of" with "during"
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ใŒใ€ใ€Œ้€”ไธญใงใ€ใ‚’ใ€Œ้€”ไธญใงใ€ใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใพใ™ใŒ
01:00
it means the same thing
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ใ€ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใง
01:02
and after we have that noun: "movies"
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ใ€ใ€Œๆ˜ ็”ปใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ่ฉžใŒใงใใŸๅพŒใฏ
01:05
That's perfect! This is a good sentence! It's great!
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ๅฎŒ็’งใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„ๆ–‡ใงใ™๏ผ ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„๏ผ
01:08
You're beautiful!
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็พŽใ—ใ„ใงใ™๏ผ
01:10
Beautiful sentence
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็พŽใ—ใ„ๆ–‡
01:11
But how about "while"? It means the same thing
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ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œwhileใ€ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™
01:15
Can I replace "During" with "While"?
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ใ€ŒDuringใ€ใ‚’ใ€ŒWhileใ€ใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:17
No! If I say "I hate people who talk while movies"
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ใ„ใ„ใˆ๏ผ ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒ ใ€Œ็งใฏๆ˜ ็”ปไธญใซ่ฉฑใ™ไบบใŒๅซŒใ„ใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰
01:23
this is a rubbish sentence
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
01:24
you can't say that
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„
01:26
so how do we use while
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01:31
With "while" you need a clause
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01:33
A subject and a verb, a sentence
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ใ”ใฟ
01:36
so let's imagine you're in bed, you're trying to sleep
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ใฎๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใซใ„ใฆใ€ๅฏใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
01:40
and then all of a sudden
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ใจใ€็ช็„ถ
01:41
BANG!
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BANG!
01:44
you hear a loud noise
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅคงใใช้Ÿณใ‚’่žใ
01:48
so in the middle of trying to sleep
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ใฎใงใ€ๅฏใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆœ€ไธญใซ
01:51
you heard a noise, there was an interruption
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้จ’้Ÿณใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ€
01:57
while I was trying to sleep I heard a noise
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็งใŒๅฏใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้–“ใซไธญๆ–ญใŒใ‚ใฃใŸ็งใฏ ้จ’้Ÿณใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ€
02:00
and it doesn't matter where you put this sentence
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ใใ—ใฆใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ใฉใ“ใซ็ฝฎใ„ใฆใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ‚ใชใ„ ๅฏใ‚ˆ
02:04
it could be first it could be after like
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02:06
I heard a noise while I was trying to sleep
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ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ้ŸณใŒ่žใ“ใˆใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅพŒ
02:10
That's fine it doesn't matter where you put it
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใฉใ“ใซ็ฝฎใ„ใฆใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
02:12
also notice the subject is the same in both sentences
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ใพใŸใ€ไธกๆ–นใฎๆ–‡ใงไธป่ชžใŒๅŒใ˜ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚‚ๆณจๆ„ใ—
02:17
While I was trying to sleep, I heard a noise
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ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ๅฏใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ้ŸณใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ—ใŸ
02:21
In this case you don't need to repeat the subject (ONLY REMOVE SUBJECT IN CONTINUOUS FORMS!)
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ ไธป่ชžใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ (ไธป่ชžใฏ้€ฃ็ถšๅฝขใงใฎใฟๅ‰Š้™คใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„!
02:25
In the "While" sentence
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) "While" ๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€
02:27
so we could have
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02:29
"While trying..."
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"While try..."
02:30
we'd actually remove the BE verb for continuous tenses
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ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ้€ฃ็ถšๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎ BE ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅ‰Š้™คใ—ใพใ™
02:34
Doesn't matter if it's WAS in past continuous or IS in present
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ใ€‚WAS ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏๅ•้กŒใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ้ŽๅŽป้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใพใŸใฏ ็พๅœจ
02:40
and the subject of course if it's the same
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้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใจใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ไธป่ชžใŒๅŒใ˜ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€
02:43
so it could read
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02:45
"While trying to sleep, I heard a noise"
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ใ€Œๅฏใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใƒŽใ‚คใ‚บใŒ่žใ“ใˆใŸใ€
02:47
Or of course
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ใพใŸใฏใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“
02:48
"I heard a noise while trying to sleep"
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ใ€Œๅฏใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใƒŽใ‚คใ‚บใŒ่žใ“ใˆใŸใ€ใจ่ชญใ‚€ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:51
That's fine too
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‚ๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
02:53
but
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ใŒ
02:54
if you remove the subject and the BE verb (AGAIN, ONLY REMOVE SUBJECT IN CONTINUOUS FORMS)
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ใ€ ไธป่ชžใจ BE ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ ๅ‰Š้™คใ—ใพใ™ (็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€้€ฃ็ถšใ—ใŸๅฝขๅผใฎไธป่ชžใฎใฟใ‚’ๅ‰Š้™คใ—ใพใ™)ใ€‚
02:58
then it definitely definitely sounds more formal
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใช
03:02
so keep that in mind if you're trying to speak formally that sounds great
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ใฎใงใ€ๆญฃๅผใซ่ฉฑใใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใใ‚Œใฏ ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™
03:08
but in casual conversation it's much more common not to do that
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ใŒใ€ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใชไผš่ฉฑใง ใฏใใ†ใ—
03:13
I would more commonly say
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ใชใ„ๆ–นใŒใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:15
"Oh my god last night while I was trying to sleep I heard a noise...
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ใƒŽใ‚คใ‚บ...
03:19
...and it made me cry"
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...ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏ็งใ‚’ๆณฃใ‹ใ›ใพใ—ใŸ
03:21
Should we use WHILE only with continuous tenses?
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ใ€‚
03:25
No not necessarily
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ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ใใ†ใจใฏ้™ใ‚Šใพใ›
03:26
Let me give you an example
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ใ‚“ ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
03:32
"I played drums while she slept"
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ใ€ŒๅฝผๅฅณใŒๅฏใฆใ„ใ‚‹้–“ใซ็งใฏใƒ‰ใƒฉใƒ ใ‚’ๆผ”ๅฅใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€
03:35
this is not a continuous tense
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ถ™็ถšๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
03:36
this is a past simple
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๅฝข
03:39
How about a present simple? Let's try that!
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ใงใ™ ็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๅฝขใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผ
03:44
"She eats ice cream while I work"
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใŒๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้–“ใซใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ€
03:47
or the other way
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ใพใŸใฏใใฎ้€†
03:49
"While I work, she just eats ice cream"
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ใ€Œ็งใŒๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้–“ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใ€
03:52
This is a present simple tense
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜็ด”ใช็พๅœจๆ™‚ๅˆถใช
03:54
so it doesn't have to be past
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ใฎใงใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ้ŽๅŽป็ถ™็ถšๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Š
03:57
doesn't have to be past continuous
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ใพใ›ใ‚“
03:59
it can be anything
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04:00
just know that WHILE means "In the middle of THIS, THIS happens"
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WHILE ใฏ ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฎ้€”ไธญใงใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ€
04:06
or "At the same time as THIS, THIS happens"
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ“ใ‚ŒใจๅŒๆ™‚ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ€
04:09
that's how you use
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ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใŒใ€
04:11
But how about "Meanwhile"? is that the same thing it sounds the same
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ใ€Œใใฎ้–“ใ€ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฏ ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใงใ€ๅŒใ˜
04:17
How do I use that?
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:18
Well this also means "at the same time" but more commonly it's used to
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ŒๅŒๆ™‚ใซใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใฏ
04:23
talk about two different locations, two completely different subjects
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ใ€2 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ€2 ใคใฎ ๅฎŒๅ…จใซ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ไธป้กŒใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
04:27
For example:
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ใŸใจใˆใฐ
04:31
In one city Superman was flying and saving the world
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ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹้ƒฝๅธ‚ใงใฏใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใƒžใƒณใŒ
04:36
at the same time in a different city
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ๅˆฅใฎ้ƒฝๅธ‚ใงๅŒๆ™‚ใซ้ฃ›ใ‚“ใงไธ–็•Œใ‚’ๆ•‘ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ MEANWHILE
04:39
Or we could say MEANWHILE!
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ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ
04:46
Remember "Meanwhile" means "at the same time"
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ใ€Œใใฎ้–“ใ€ใฏใ€ŒๅŒๆ™‚ใซใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณ
04:49
but in a different thing
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ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅˆฅใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ€
04:52
Superman was flying and saving the world
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ใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใƒžใƒณใฏ้ฃ›ใ‚“ใงไธ–็•Œใ‚’ๆ•‘ใฃใฆใ„
04:54
meanwhile in Gotham (in a different place)
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ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใ‚ดใƒƒใ‚ตใƒ ใงใฏ (ๅˆฅใฎ ๅ ดๆ‰€ใง)
04:58
Batman was crying
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ใƒใƒƒใƒˆใƒžใƒณใฏๆณฃใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
05:01
Emo
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ใ‚จใƒข
05:03
I hope you enjoyed today's lesson
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ
05:04
Tell me in the comments: Why was Batman crying?
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ๅนธใ„ใงใ™ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ : ใƒใƒƒใƒˆใƒžใƒณใŒๆณฃใ๏ผŸ
05:07
Also try to make your own sentences using during, while, and meanwhile
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ใพใŸใ€whileใ€whileใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ during ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใฆใฟใฆ
05:14
Give me a thumbs up if you can
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ ใงใใ‚Œใฐ้ซ˜่ฉ•ไพกใ‚’ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™
05:16
Share this video, it really helps me grow my channel
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’ๆˆ้•ทใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใฎใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใก
05:18
I'll see you in the next class
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ใพใ™ ๆฌกใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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