Why do we use contractions in English?

59,978 views ใƒป 2016-12-24

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ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Today we're looking at contractions
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝข
00:02
when is good to use them, and when is bad to
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ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใฎใŒ่‰ฏใ„ๆ™‚ใจๆ‚ชใ„ๆ™‚
00:04
to use them
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ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ
00:05
Are you ready!? Because I'm!
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ใพใ™ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹!? ็งใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผ
00:07
...I am...
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...็งใฏ
00:08
Because I'm... Because I'm...
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... ็งใฏ... ็งใฏ...
00:12
Why is it that the Terminator chose to say:
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ใชใœใ‚ฟใƒผใƒŸใƒใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผ
00:16
Instead of "I will be back"
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ใฏใ€Œ็งใฏๆˆปใฃใฆใใพใ™ใ€ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’้ธใ‚“ใ ใฎใงใ™ใ‹?
00:18
Why did Bill Clinton NOT contract this sentence:
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ใชใœใƒ“ใƒซใƒปใ‚ฏใƒชใƒณใƒˆใƒณใฏใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใซๅŒๆ„ใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹:
00:25
and why did king Joffrey
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ใใ—ใฆ ใชใœใ‚ธใƒงใƒ•ใƒชใƒผ็Ž‹ใฏ
00:27
not use the contraction "I'm" and instead say:
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ใ€ŒI'mใ€ใจใ„ใ†็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใ‚ใšใซใ“ใ†่จ€ใฃใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†:
00:34
So obviously it's better to use contractions in everyday speech
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ๆ—ฅๅธธไผš่ฉฑใงใฏ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใฎใฏๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹
00:38
For example "I'm tired", "I'm eating"
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ใงใ™.
00:40
"I'll do this"
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00:42
That sounds normal
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00:44
It would sound like a robot to say things like:
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00:47
"I AM eating"
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€
00:48
"I WILL be back"
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๆˆปใฃใฆใใพใ™ใ€ใชใฉใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏใƒญใƒœใƒƒใƒˆใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
00:50
Fun fact: The Terminator himself, Arnold schwarzenegger
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ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ไบ‹ๅฎŸ: ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒŸใƒใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผ่‡ช่บซใ€ใ‚ขใƒผใƒŽใƒซใƒ‰ใƒปใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใƒซใƒ„ใ‚งใƒใƒƒใ‚ฌใƒผ
00:52
told this story
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ใŒใ“ใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่ชžใ‚Š
00:54
pronouncing the "I'LL" was quite
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00:56
difficult for him with his thick
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ใพใ—ใŸ
00:57
Austrian accent
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ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚นใƒˆใƒชใ‚ข่จ›ใ‚Šใฎๆฟƒใ„
01:07
I will be back
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I will be back ใ ใ‘ใฉ
01:09
however the director insisted that he
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ใ€็›ฃ็ฃใฏ
01:10
say "I'll be back" and not "I will be back"
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ใ€ŒI will be backใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€ŒI will be backใ€
01:14
Why? Because it sounds more human to say
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ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใฎใฏใชใœใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€ŒI'llใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ๆ–นใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Šไบบ้–“ใ‚‰ใ—ใ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
01:17
"I'll" - The contraction
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- ็ธฎ็ด„
01:19
But of course that's not always true
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๅธธใซใใ†ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใฏ้™ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
01:21
sometimes it's better NOT to contract, for example:
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ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ€็ธฎ็ด„ใ—ใชใ„ใปใ†ใŒใ‚ˆใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š
01:24
Well let's say someone asks you:
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:28
and you reply:
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01:31
this is a very common mistake I see with
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01:33
my students and remember not to do it
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็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใจไธ€็ท’ใซ่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
01:35
"Yes I've" - That doesn't sound good
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ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€ - ใใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ่žใ“ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“
01:38
You must have something after
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01:40
"Yes I finished" - Fine
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ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Š
01:42
"Yes I've" - Not fine
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ใพใ—ใŸใ€ - ็ตๆง‹ใงใ™ ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€ - ๅคงไธˆๅคซใง
01:44
If you don't have that extra information after
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ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
01:47
don't contract it
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01:48
"Yes I have" - That's okay
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ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ - ๅคงไธˆๅคซ
01:51
and the same is true for other
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ไป–ใฎไธป่ชžใซใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใŒ่จ€ใˆใพใ™
01:52
Subject - Auxillary / Modal verb combos
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- ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉž / ๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›
01:56
Don't contract them if there is no extra information afterwards
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ใใฎๅพŒใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็Ÿญ็ธฎใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
01:59
Another example:
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹:
02:04
Again we have just the subject
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉ
02:06
this time with a modal verb you should say:
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ไปŠๅ›žใฏใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆไธป่ชžใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ™:
02:09
"Yes I would"
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"ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใ—ใพใ™" ใงใฏ
02:10
Not "Yes I'd"
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ใชใ "ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใ—ใพใ™"
02:12
Why?
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02:12
Because there's no extra information
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ใชใœใงใ™ใ‹?
ไฝ™ๅˆ†ใชๆƒ…ๅ ฑใฏใชใ„ใฎใง
02:15
If you contract it
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ๅฅ‘็ด„ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
02:16
remember to put that extra information
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ใฏใ€ใใฎ่ฟฝๅŠ ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใšใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
02:18
yes I'd love to
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใ—ใพใ™
02:20
and negatives - Fine to contract
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ใƒใ‚ฌใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ -
02:23
In fact it's better, you should contract the negatives
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ๅฅ‘็ด„ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใใฎๆ–นใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใปใผๅธธใซใƒใ‚ฌใ‚’ๅฅ‘็ด„ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
02:26
pretty much all the time
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02:28
For example:
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ใพใ™ ไพ‹:
02:32
That sounds a little strong
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๅผทใ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™
02:33
and in some cases maybe aggressive
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ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏๆ”ปๆ’ƒ็š„ใ‹ใ‚‚
02:36
no I haven't that looks better, more friendly,
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ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ
02:37
more human, not so much robot!
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ใ€ใƒญใƒœใƒƒใƒˆใงใฏใชใใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ฆชใ—ใฟใ‚„ใ™ใใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไบบ้–“็š„ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
02:40
So with negatives
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใƒใ‚ฌใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ
02:41
just remember to contract it
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็Ÿญ็ธฎใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
02:43
Not using a contraction makes the sentence stronger
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็Ÿญ็ธฎใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใจๆ–‡ใŒๅผทใ
02:47
it adds emphasis and again could sound
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ใชใ‚Šใ€ๅผท่ชฟใŒ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ•ใ‚Œใ€ๅ†ใณ
02:49
more aggressive so be careful
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ๆ”ปๆ’ƒ็š„ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใฎใงๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
02:51
And this is why King Joffrey said:
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ธใƒงใƒ•ใƒชใƒผ็Ž‹ใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸ็†็”ฑใงใ™:
02:57
He wanted to sound serious
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02:59
and add emphasis
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03:02
I do not miss Joffrey
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03:04
See? Stronger!
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? ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅผทใ๏ผ
03:06
And it also sounds more formal when it's not contracted
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ใพใŸใ€็ธฎ็ด„ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๆ–นใŒใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใ‚‚
03:09
That's why your English teacher will always say:
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ“ใ†่จ€ใ†ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
03:11
"In formal writing don't use contractions"
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ใ€Œใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใชๆ–‡็ซ ใงใฏใ€
03:14
Because it sounds more formal when you don't contract
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็ธฎ็ด„ใ‚’ไฝฟใ‚ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
03:18
Also, some language experts suggest
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03:20
That people don't use contractions when they speak
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ใ€ ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใ†
03:23
When they want people to believe them
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ไบบใ€…ใซไฟกใ˜ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใจใ
03:25
To sound more convincing
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ชฌๅพ—ๅŠ›ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹
03:28
So basically when they're lying
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ
03:34
Oh he really wanted everyone to believe him!
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็š†ใซไฟกใ˜ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
03:37
So the next time your boyfriend or girlfriend says:
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ๆฌกใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒœใƒผใ‚คใƒ•ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใพใŸใฏใ‚ฌใƒผใƒซใƒ•ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใŒ
03:39
"I did NOT cheat on you"
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ใ ใพใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใใ€
03:41
That means they definitely cheated on you. Sorry.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ้–“้•ใ„ใชใใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ใ ใพใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™. ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:44
you sorry I'm joking please ignore that
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ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ๅ†—่ซ‡ใงใ™ ็„ก่ฆ–ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ”่ฆง
03:46
thanks for watching if you want to see
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ใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ ใ‚‚ใฃใจ่ฆ‹ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
03:47
more click here to subscribe
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ใ€ใ“ใ“ใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆ่ณผ่ชญใ—ใฆ
03:49
oh there's another video right here but
88
229680
1800
ใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ“ใซๅˆฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
03:51
you don't have to watch that
89
231480
1540
ใพใ™ใŒใ€่ฆ‹ใŸใ„ใ ใ‘ใชใ‚‰่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
03:53
just if you want
90
233120
1600
03:56
watch it
91
236080
1180
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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