Learn English Writing - Linking words / Conjunctions- Part 2

99,111 views ใƒป 2011-09-13

Learn English with Papa Teach Me


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:06
Hi! So I guess you're wondering why we're at the 'Shakespeare's Globe' today!
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ใ‚„ใ‚๏ผ ใงใฏใ€ใชใœ็งใŸใกใŒไปŠๆ—ฅใ€Œใ‚ทใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ”ใ‚ขใฎๅœฐ็ƒๅ„€ใ€ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ไธๆ€่ญฐใซๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™!
00:10
...Again, you have a book, are we doing 'Reading'?
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...ใพใŸใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œ่ชญๆ›ธใ€ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
00:12
No, It's a writing lesson.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
00:14
...You have a book.
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...ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:16
'Writing'!
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'ๆ›ธใ่พผใฟ'๏ผ
00:17
You're 'READING'!
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œ่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใฎใงใ™๏ผ
00:19
Where's your pen? You don't even have a pen!
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒšใƒณใฏใฉใ“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒšใƒณใ•ใˆๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“๏ผ
00:24
So I guess you're wondering why we're at 'Shakespeare's Globe',
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ใชใœ็งใŸใกใŒใ€Œใ‚ทใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ”ใ‚ขใฎๅœฐ็ƒๅ„€ใ€ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใชใœใƒšใƒณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹็–‘ๅ•ใซๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„
00:28
Why I'm writing, with a PEN!
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:31
Is it because we're doing a writing lesson, Aly?
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ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใ‚ขใƒชใƒผ?
00:34
Why do you have to be an arsehole?
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ใชใ‚“ใงใ‚ขใƒ›ใซใชใ‚‰ใชใใ‚ƒใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใฎ๏ผŸ
00:36
Your lesson starts n...
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏ n... ๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ™...
00:45
So last lesson, we looked at words to replace "But"
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ใงใฏใ€ๅ‰ๅ›žใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€"ใ—ใ‹ใ—" ใ‚’็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ชฟในใพใ—ใŸ
00:49
Such as:
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ใ€‚ไพ‹:
00:54
All of them mean "But"
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ "ใ—ใ‹ใ—" ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณ
00:56
But some with a little difference
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01:00
"Having said that" is like 'To think again...'
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ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
01:03
'On second thought'
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01:06
AH! Who are you?
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่€ƒใˆ็›ดใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚๏ผ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ชฐ๏ผŸ
01:09
I'm Mathilda
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็งใฏใƒžใƒใƒซใƒ€
01:12
Why are you crying?
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ใงใ™ ใชใ‚“ใงๆณฃใ„ใฆใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸ
01:23
Ahhh that's sad.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„ใ€‚
01:25
You probably didn't have a good teacher like me or Tom!
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏใ€็งใ‚„ใƒˆใƒ ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่‰ฏใ„ๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†!
01:29
So you want to say:
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™:
01:31
This situation,
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ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใฏใ€ใใ†ใ‚ใ‚‹
01:33
should, but DIDN'T affect the other situation.
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ในใใงใ™ใŒใ€ไป–ใฎ็Šถๆณใซใฏๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:38
Yes.
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚
01:40
Ah, for this, you can use the word: "Despite"
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏใ€Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใ€Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
01:44
"Despite"?
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ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:46
Yes :)
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ใฏใ„:)
01:47
But we need to use "despite",
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹
01:49
with the sentence that SHOULD have,
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ในใใงใ‚ใ‚‹
01:51
but DIDN'T affect the other situation.
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ใŒใ€ไป–ใฎ็Šถๆณใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:54
The grammar needs to change with this word.
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ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใงๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:57
First, the "SUBJECT pronoun":
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ใพใšใ€ใ€ŒSUBJECT ไปฃๅ่ฉžใ€๏ผš
01:59
Change it, to an "OBJECT pronoun".
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ใ€ŒOBJECT ไปฃๅ่ฉžใ€ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:07
Next, the VERB:
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ๆฌกใซๅ‹•่ฉž
02:09
The form doesn't matter, "Past", "Present", "Perfect", whatever!
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๏ผšใ€Œ้ŽๅŽปใ€ใ€Œ็พๅœจใ€ใ€ŒๅฎŒๅ…จใ€ใชใฉๅฝขใฏๅ•ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“๏ผ
02:13
You can reduce it to only the "Gerund",
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ใ€Œๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใ€ (ใ€Œๅ‹•่ฉž + INGใ€ๅฝขๅผ) ใ ใ‘ใซๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
02:16
(the "VERB + ING" form)
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02:19
The next sentence, nothing changes.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:22
So it looks like this:
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
02:29
Yes! Well done!
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ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„๏ผ
02:30
Is that better, Mr. Aly?
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ใใฎใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใ‚ขใƒชใƒผใ•ใ‚“๏ผŸ
02:33
Much better! See! Studying with me and Tom,
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ใšใฃใจใ„ใ„๏ผ ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹๏ผ ็งใจใƒˆใƒ ใจไธ€็ท’ใซๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹
02:36
will help you learn English much better!
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ใ“ใจใงใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚ˆใๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™!
02:40
Aww, look at these two!
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ“ใฎ2ใคใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ
02:41
So in love!
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ๆทฑใๆ„›ใ—ๅˆใฃใฆ๏ผ
02:44
Oh what's that face for?
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ใˆใ€ใชใซใใฎ้ก”๏ผŸ
02:51
Well don't worry, erm...
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ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใˆใƒผใจ...
02:53
Ah! look at her face!
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ใ‚ใ‚๏ผ ๅฝผๅฅณใฎ้ก”ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ
02:55
I'm think, for her, maybe it's not important
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ๅฝผๅฅณใซใจใฃใฆใ€ๅคšๅˆ†ใใ‚Œใฏ้‡่ฆใงใฏใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„
02:59
See! And I'm sure that she loves you!
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏๅฝผๅฅณใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆ„›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™๏ผ
03:04
See! So, she wants to say 2 things:
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่ฆ‹ใ‚‹๏ผ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ 2 ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™:
03:08
1: I love you
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1: ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆ„›ใ—ใฆ
03:09
and 2: You don't have any money.
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ใŠใ‚Šใ€2: ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:17
So, she can use "despite"
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
03:19
Remember the changes!
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ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ
03:22
SUBJECT pronoun - OBJECT pronoun
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ไธป่ชžไปฃๅ่ฉž - ็›ฎ็š„่ชžไปฃๅ่ฉž
03:26
VERB - 'Gerund' (ING) form
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ๅ‹•่ฉž - 'ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉž' (ING) ๅฝข
03:28
But this is a negative,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
03:30
How do we make a 'negative gerund'?
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ๅฆๅฎš่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
03:33
With the word: "Not"
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ใ€ŒNotใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
03:42
The 'despite' sentence can be first,
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ใ€Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡ใฏใ€1
03:49
or second, but it must introduce the correct sentence.
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็•ช็›ฎใพใŸใฏ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅฐŽๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:54
The sentence which which DOESN'T, but SHOULD affect the other.
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which DOESN'T, but SHOULDใŒไป–ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ๆ–‡ใ€‚
03:59
Oh, also, we can say: "In spite of"
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใพใŸใ€ใ€Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
04:02
It means exactly the same as 'despite'
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ใ€Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใจใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณ
04:05
and the grammar changes in the same way.
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ใงใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:08
So, OH! it's her friend...
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใ‚๏ผ ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅ‹ไบบใงใ™...
04:16
She wants to tell her friend about this situation...
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅ‹ไบบใซไผใˆใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™...
04:20
Try to remember how to change the sentence...
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ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„...
04:39
We can also use "nevertheless"
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œใใ‚Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™
04:42
It has more or less the same feeling,
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅคšใ‹ใ‚Œๅฐ‘ใชใ‹ใ‚ŒๅŒใ˜ๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
04:45
but the GRAMMAR DOESN'T CHANGE!
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ใŒใ€GRAMMAR DOESN' Tใƒใ‚งใƒณใ‚ธ๏ผ
04:47
Here's another example of using "Nevertheless"
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ใ€Œใใ‚Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฌกใซ็คบใ—
06:17
Follow us on Twitter
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06:20
Or somebody will beat me.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ Twitter ใงใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒญใƒผใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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