Using English Prepositions - Lesson 7: To, Till, Until, Through - Part 2 (time)

26,740 views ใƒป 2015-10-05

English with Jennifer


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:08
We've been talking about the prepositions TO, TILL, and UNTIL.
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉž TOใ€TILLใ€UNTIL ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅจ˜ใจๅฐฑๅฏ
00:15
Listen for prepositions of time
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ๆ™‚้–“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
00:18
as I talk with my daughter about her bedtime.
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ใ€‚
00:33
(No making me laugh.)
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๏ผˆ็ฌ‘ใ‚ใ›ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:34
We're going to be serious because I have a question.
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๏ผ‰ ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็œŸๅ‰ฃใซ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:37
When is your bedtime.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฐฑๅฏๆ™‚ๅˆปใฏใ„ใคใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
00:39
9:00
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00:40
It is 9:00.
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9:00 9:00ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:41
Do you fall asleep at 9:00 or shortly after?
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็œ ใ‚Šใซใคใใฎใฏ 9 ๆ™‚ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใใฎ็›ดๅพŒใงใ™ใ‹?
00:44
Not until 9:30.
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9ๆ™‚ๅŠใพใงใ€‚
00:46
Yeah. It takes you a while. It takes me a while, too.
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใ‚‚ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:48
So you don't fall asleep until about 9:30.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰9ๆ™‚ๅŠใใ‚‰ใ„ใพใง็œ ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
00:51
Or so.
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ใจใ‹ใ€ใใ‚‰ใ„ใ€‚
00:52
What's the latest you've ever stayed up to?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ“ใ‚ŒใพใงใซใจใฉใพใฃใŸๆœ€ๆ–ฐใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
00:56
Um...around 12.
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ใˆใˆใจ...12ๆ™‚ใใ‚‰ใ„
01:01
You've stayed up until midnight?
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ๆทฑๅคœใพใง่ตทใใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
01:03
Somehow I don't remember. You stayed up until midnight?
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ใชใ‚“ใ ใ‹ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ›ใชใ„ใ€‚ ็œŸๅคœไธญใพใง่ตทใใฆใ„ใŸ๏ผŸ
01:06
Yeah. - Oh boy.
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ - ใ‚ใ‚ๅฐ‘ๅนดใ€‚
01:09
Maybe it was New Year's Eve.
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ๅคงๆ™ฆๆ—ฅใ ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:15
Did you listen?
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่žใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
01:31
What does UNTIL mean?
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ใพใง ใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹?
01:41
So my daughter has stayed up to midnight at lest once.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฎๅจ˜ใฏๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ไธ€ๅบฆใฏ็œŸๅคœไธญใพใงๆปžๅœจใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:45
We could also say...
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01:53
You'll also hear "not until." The negative.
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ใพใŸใ€ใ€Œnot untilใ€ใจ่žใใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ€‚
01:57
For example, she goes to sleep around 9, but...
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ 9 ๆ™‚้ ƒใซๅฏใพใ™ใŒโ€ฆ
02:06
Listen again.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:07
Now you'll hear us talk about studying a foreign language at school.
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ไปŠๅบฆใฏๅญฆๆ กใงๅค–ๅ›ฝ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:27
Okay. First, an easy question.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใพใšใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใช่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:31
What grade are you in?
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ไฝ•ๅนด็”Ÿใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:33
Third.
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ไธ‰็•ชใ€‚
02:34
And do you know when you begin to study a foreign language at school?
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ใพใŸใ€ๅญฆๆ กใงใ„ใคๅค–ๅ›ฝ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
02:40
Um...I think seventh grade.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“...7ๅนด็”Ÿใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:44
I think you're right. It's the seventh grade.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธƒๅนด็”Ÿใงใ™ใ€‚
02:46
And I think your choices will probably be French, Spanish, or German.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้ธๆŠžใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ€ใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณ่ชžใ€ใพใŸใฏใƒ‰ใ‚คใƒ„่ชžใซใชใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™.
02:51
Do you have any idea what you'll choose?
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ไฝ•ใ‚’้ธใถใ‹ๅฟƒๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:54
Maybe French.
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ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‹ใ‚‚ใ€‚
02:55
Maybe. You have lots of time to decide.
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ๅคšๅˆ†ใ€‚ ๆฑบใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใฏใŸใฃใทใ‚Šใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:59
So you'll...you will study a foreign language from seventh grade all the way through twelfth.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ... 7 ๅนด็”Ÿใ‹ใ‚‰ 12 ๅนด็”Ÿใพใงใšใฃใจๅค–ๅ›ฝ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:06
How many years is that?
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ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ๅนดใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:08
Five. - Five years of foreign language study.
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ไบ”ใ€‚ - 5 ๅนด้–“ใฎๅค–ๅ›ฝ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ€‚
03:10
I wish it were twelve, but you get five.
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12 ใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ„ใ„ใฎใซใ€5 ใคใซใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:13
Why twelve?
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ใชใœๅไบŒ๏ผŸ
03:15
Well, more time, you get more knowledge, and you're more fluent.
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ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆตๆšขใซ่ฉฑใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:20
But five is okay.
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ใงใ‚‚5ไบบใชใ‚‰ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ€‚
03:24
It's better than nothing.
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ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใฏใพใ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:29
As you heard, they teach foreign languages in our school district,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่žใ„ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็งใŸใกใฎๅญฆๅŒบใงๅค–ๅ›ฝ่ชžใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
03:33
but not until the seventh grade.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ 7 ๅนด็”Ÿใพใงใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅญไพ›
03:36
We could also say it's not until after the sixth grade
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ใŸใกใŒๅค–ๅ›ฝ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€6ๅนด็”Ÿใ‚’้ŽใŽใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆ
03:40
that children begin...to start studying foreign languages.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:45
I wish it were earlier.
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจๅ‰ใชใ‚‰ใ„ใ„ใฎใซใ€‚
03:47
You also heard me say from the seventh grade through twelfth.
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ใพใŸใ€7ๅนด็”Ÿใ‹ใ‚‰12ๅนด็”Ÿใพใง็งใŒ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’่žใ„ใŸ.
03:52
Not from...to, not from...until.
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ใ‹ใ‚‰... ใงใฏใชใใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰... ใพใงใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:57
But from...through.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰... ใ‚นใƒซใƒผใ€‚
04:00
Sometimes we use the preposition THROUGH
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉž THROUGH ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—
04:04
to clarify...to specify what that ending point really is.
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ใฆๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™...ใใฎ็ต‚็‚นใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:08
So children begin studying foreign languages here in seventh grade
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฏใ“ใ“ใง 7 ๅนด็”Ÿใ‹ใ‚‰ๅค–ๅ›ฝ่ชžใฎๅ‹‰ๅผทใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚
04:13
and they continue all the way till the end of twelfth grade.
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ใ€12 ๅนด็”Ÿใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใงใšใฃใจ็ถšใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:18
From seventh through twelfth.
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7็•ช็›ฎใ‹ใ‚‰12็•ช็›ฎใพใงใ€‚
04:21
It's another way to mark that range.
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ใใฎ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใ‚’ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:28
THROUGH by itself means...
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THROUGHใใ‚Œ่‡ชไฝ“ใŒๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ
04:39
The crying continued during the night.
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...ๅคœไธญใ‚‚ๆณฃใๅฃฐใŒ็ถšใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:47
The sleeping continued during the meeting.
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ไผš่ญฐไธญใ‚‚ๅฑ…็œ ใ‚ŠใŒ็ถšใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:51
We use ALL and RIGHT just for emphasis.
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ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ ALL ใจ RIGHT ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:00
Let's review all the prepositions of time
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05:02
that we've talked about by doing an exercise.
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ๆผ”็ฟ’ใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ™ในใฆใฎๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:33
The vacation ended on the 21st,
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ไผ‘ๆš‡ใฏ21ๆ—ฅใซ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸ
05:36
so he was home by the 22nd.
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ใฎใงใ€ๅฝผใฏ22ๆ—ฅใพใงใซๅธฐๅฎ…ใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:01
"Through the weekend" means the whole weekend,
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ใ€Œ้€ฑๆœซใ‚’้€šใ—ใฆใ€ใจใฏใ€้€ฑๆœซใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใพใงใšใฃใจใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ
06:05
until it was over.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:27
"Not until noon" or "not till noon"
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ใ€Œๆญฃๅˆใพใงใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๆญฃๅˆใพใงใง
06:30
means not before that time.
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ใฏใชใ„ใ€ใฏใ€ใใฎๆ™‚้–“ใพใงใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
06:33
So they were together after 12:00 p.m.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅˆๅพŒ12ๆ™‚ไปฅ้™ใซไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:54
If there are two days to the wedding,
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็ตๅฉšๅผ
06:56
there are two days left.
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ใพใงใ‚ใจ2ๆ—ฅใชใ‚‰ใ‚ใจ2ๆ—ฅใ€‚
06:58
So they'll be married after 48 hours.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰48ๆ™‚้–“ๅพŒใซ็ตๅฉšใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
07:07
That's all for now.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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