Mixed Conditionals in English - Grammar with JenniferESL

18,654 views ใƒป 2017-12-07

English with Jennifer


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
Hi everyone! It's Jennifer here with another lesson on conditional sentences in English.
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏ๏ผ ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆกไปถไป˜ใๆ–‡ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๆ‹…ๅฝ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:08
In the previous lesson, I asked you to report two statements with conditionals.
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ๅ‰ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€ๆกไปถไป˜ใใฎ 2 ใคใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๅ ฑๅ‘Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซไพ้ ผใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:13
So you had to change them from direct speech to indirect speech
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€็›ดๆŽฅ่ฉฑๆณ•ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅผ•็”จ็ฌฆใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใ„ใฆ้–“ๆŽฅ่ฉฑๆณ•ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
00:18
taking out the quotation marks.
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ใ€‚
00:23
Here are the original words. A.
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ๅ…ƒใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ“ใกใ‚‰ใ€‚
00:26
The teacher said if you finish your tasks in class you won't have any homework.
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A. ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏใ€ๆŽˆๆฅญใง่ชฒ้กŒใ‚’็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚Œใฐๅฎฟ้กŒใฏๅ‡บใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:34
B. The teacher said if you had finished your work on time, I would have given you full credit.
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B. ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใซไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๆบ€็‚นใ‚’ใคใ‘ใŸใฎใซใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ.
00:44
To complete this task correctly, you need to understand the difference between real and unreal conditionals
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใๅฎŒไบ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใจ้ž็พๅฎŸ็š„ใชๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
00:53
That first sentence is a real or likely conditional about the present or near future: if you've finished the tasks.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€็พๅœจใพใŸใฏ่ฟ‘ใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใพใŸใฏๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฎ้ซ˜ใ„ๆกไปถๆ–‡ใงใ™: ใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆ.
01:03
A real conditional can follow the usual patterns in reported speech.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฏใ€ๅ ฑๅ‘Šใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ้Ÿณๅฃฐใฎ้€šๅธธใฎใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใซๅพ“ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:10
Present verb forms shift back to the simple past.
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็พๅœจใฎๅ‹•่ฉžๅฝขใฏๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:15
But let me say there will be variation.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใƒใƒชใ‚จใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใŠใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:19
Shifting back the verb forms doesn't have to happen, for example, if the action or event is still in the future.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใพใŸใฏใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใŒใพใ ๆœชๆฅใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžๅฝขใ‚’ๅ…ƒใซๆˆปใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:30
The second sentence I gave you uses an unreal conditional about the past: if you had finished your work.
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็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซไธŽใˆใŸ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ้ž็พๅฎŸ็š„ใชๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:39
We don't change the verb forms of unreal conditionals in reported speech. They stay the same.
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ใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ้Ÿณๅฃฐใฎ้ž็พๅฎŸ็š„ใชๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžๅฝขใฏๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅŒใ˜ใพใพใงใ™ใ€‚
01:48
Many of you posted your ideas. Let's take a look at three sets of correct answers to see different possibilities
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ๅคšใใฎๆ–นใŒใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๆŠ•็จฟใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€3 ็ต„ใฎๆญฃ่งฃใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:00
Marat wrote the teacher said we wouldn't have any homework if we finished the tasks in class.
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ใƒžใƒฉใƒˆใฏใ€ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใงใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฎฟ้กŒใฏใชใ„ใจๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใจๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:06
He chose to shift back. "Will" became "would" or the negative "wouldn't" and
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ๅฝผใฏใ‚ทใƒ•ใƒˆใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ "Will" ใŒ "would" ใพใŸใฏๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใฎ "wouldn't" ใจ
02:10
"finish" became "finished" - simple past, and this is logical to change the verbs
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"finish" ใŒ "finished" ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ - ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
02:16
especially if we need to say what was said. This situation has already passed.
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็‰นใซ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซ่ซ–็†็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใฏใ™ใงใซ้ŽใŽๅŽปใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:23
Second, the teacher said - and I didn't mention if it was a male or female teacher - so Marat,
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็ฌฌไบŒใซใ€ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏ่จ€ใฃใŸ - ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ็”ทๆ€งใ‹ๅฅณๆ€งใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ่จ€ๅŠใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸ - ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒžใƒฉใƒผใ€
02:29
it's good to mention possibilities. Yes.
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ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใซใคใ„ใฆ่จ€ๅŠใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใ . ใฏใ„ใ€‚
02:32
Let's use HE or SHE, though. The teacher said he or she
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€HEใพใŸใฏSHEใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏใ€
02:37
would have given us full credit if we had finished (our) work on time.
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ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŸใกใŒๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใซไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใซๆบ€็‚นใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸ.
02:41
Okay, so good with the reference words because in the first one you, the speaker, may be part of the class. We.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใฏใ€่ฉฑใ—ๆ‰‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใฎไธ€ๅ“กใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ‚็…งๅ˜่ชžใฏใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็ง้”ใ€‚
02:49
And then in the second one the teacher could be a he or she.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ€ๆ•™ๅธซใฏๅฝผใพใŸใฏๅฝผๅฅณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:53
I also like that you played around with the word order. You can put that if-clause in that second position as you did
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ใพใŸใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชž้ †ใ‚’ใ„ใ˜ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚‚ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ Andrey ใŒๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใใฎ if ็ฏ€ใ‚’ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎไฝ็ฝฎใซ็ฝฎใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
03:01
Andrey wrote: The teacher said that if you finished the tasks in class,
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: ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏใ€ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใง่ชฒ้กŒใ‚’็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›
03:07
you wouldn't have any homework. Same shifting back. It's logical.
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ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅฎฟ้กŒใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ ใ‚ใ†ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ทใƒ•ใƒˆใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ่ซ–็†็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:11
Andrey also chose to keep "that." You can always have it in or take it out.
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ใ‚ขใƒณใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚คใ‚‚ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใ‚’็ถญๆŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใ‚Šๅ–ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ—ใŸใ‚Šใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:17
It's fine, and Andrey also chose to keep the if-clause in that first position, in which case we need commas.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚Andrey ใฏใ€if ๅฅใ‚’ๆœ€ๅˆใฎไฝ็ฝฎใซไฟๆŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚้ธๆŠžใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
03:24
Good. The second one sounds like this: The teacher said that if you had finished your work on time,
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่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚ 2 ใค็›ฎใฏๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™: ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใซไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
03:33
you would have been given full credit. And in this case, Andrey chose to keep "you" and "your,"
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใชๅ˜ไฝใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸ. ใใ—ใฆใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ขใƒณใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚คใฏใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใจใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ€ใ‚’ไฟๆŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ—
03:39
referring to another person or another group of people.
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ใ€ๅˆฅใฎไบบใพใŸใฏๅˆฅใฎไบบใ€…ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
03:44
So Ra'ed has similar choices and he wrote: The teacher said that if you finished the tasks in class, you wouldn't have any homework.
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Ra'ed ใซใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใฏๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:54
The teacher said that if you had finished your work on time, you would have been given full credit.
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ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใซไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใซ่ฉ•ไพกใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸ.
04:01
And I wonder if you caught one more difference in these examples:
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไพ‹ใงใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใฎใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‹:
04:06
passive or active
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ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใพใŸใฏ่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹
04:08
"She would have given us"... this is an active verb.
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใŸใกใซไธŽใˆใŸใงใ‚ใ‚ใ†ใ€... ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:13
"You would have been given"
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€
04:19
Passive.
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ใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ทใƒ–ใ€‚
04:22
All three sets of answers are correct.
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3 ็ต„ใฎ็ญ”ใˆใฏใ™ในใฆๆญฃ่งฃใงใ™ใ€‚
04:27
Thank you to everyone who completed that first task. These are the names of additional students who posted their answers.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใŸใ™ในใฆใฎไบบใซๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ๅ›ž็ญ”ใ‚’ๆŠ•็จฟใ—ใŸ่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใฎๅๅ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:35
Thank you and be sure to compare your answers to the ones I just shared, okay?
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ›ž็ญ”ใจ็งใŒๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใŸๅ›ž็ญ”ใ‚’ๅฟ…ใšๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:42
Overall you did well.
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ๅ…จไฝ“็š„ใซใ‚ˆใใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€‚
04:46
So remember that in reported speech
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ ฑๅ‘Šใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ้Ÿณๅฃฐ
04:49
verb forms will only change in real conditionals, not unreal conditionals.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅฝขใฏใ€้ž็พๅฎŸ็š„ใชๆกไปถๆ–‡ใงใฏใชใใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใงใฎใฟๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:55
And even in real conditionals, there's sometimes an argument for not shifting back.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚ทใƒ•ใƒˆใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†่ญฐ่ซ–ใŒๆ™‚ใ€…ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:01
If the information remains true at the time of speaking, you don't have to change the verb forms.
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่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ™‚็‚นใงๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒใใฎใพใพใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅฝขใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:09
Now it's time to look at the bonus task from the previous lesson. It was another challenge with verb forms.
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ใงใฏใ€ๅ‰ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎใƒœใƒผใƒŠใ‚น ใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžๅฝขใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎ่ชฒ้กŒใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:18
I asked you to identify the time period in my statement.
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็งใฎๅฃฐๆ˜ŽใงๆœŸ้–“ใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:24
If we had moved back to Moscow several years ago, our children would speak better Russian.
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ๆ•ฐๅนดๅ‰ใซใƒขใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒฏใซๆˆปใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจไธŠๆ‰‹ใซใƒญใ‚ทใ‚ข่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:33
First of all, is it real or unreal?
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ใพใšใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็พๅฎŸใ‹้ž็พๅฎŸใ‹๏ผŸ
05:37
One student had the answer. He wrote: It's an imaginary time period as it didn't happen.
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ไธ€ไบบใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒ็ญ”ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏๆ›ธใ„ใŸ๏ผšใใ‚Œใฏ่ตทใ“ใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆžถ็ฉบใฎๆœŸ้–“ใงใ™.
05:45
Good. Yes. It's imaginary, but what exactly is the time period?
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่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚ ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ๆžถ็ฉบใฎ่ฉฑใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๆœŸ้–“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:52
Claire stayed focused and realized that there was more than one time period here. Look at what she wrote.
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ใ‚ฏใƒฌใ‚ขใฏ้›†ไธญใ—็ถšใ‘ใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎๆœŸ้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใŒๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:16
As usual there were a lot of excellent explanations in the comments. Let me share just a few more.
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใฏๅคšใใฎๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸ่ชฌๆ˜ŽใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‘ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ•ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:25
Mahmoud wrote:
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Mahmoud ใฏๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„
06:31
Correct!
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:32
Let me change this to progressive. We're imagining...
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ทใƒ–ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™...
06:45
Correct, and we'll just put that in parentheses.
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ๆญฃ่งฃใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‹ฌๅผงใงๅ›ฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
06:48
Sean wrote:
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Sean ใฏๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„
06:51
Correct!
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:01
Correct!
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ๆญฃใ—ใ„๏ผ
07:04
Gabriel shared his ideas and wrote: This is a second conditional sentence.
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Gabriel ใฏๅฝผใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:09
Well, possibly, but let's not get into that old terminology: first, second, third... because it gets confusing.
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ใใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใ€3 ็•ช็›ฎใชใฉใฎๅคใ„็”จ่ชžใซใฏ่งฆใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:17
Let's just say it's a conditional sentence...
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ๆกไปถๆ–‡ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†โ€ฆ
07:20
What kind? It's a conditional sentence which indicates a hypothesis. And we'll say
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ใฉใ‚“ใชๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ไปฎ่ชฌใ‚’็คบใ™ๆกไปถๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ
07:27
"something from the imagination of the speaker" and now we're more on track.
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ใ€ใ€Œใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฎๆƒณๅƒๅŠ›ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎไฝ•ใ‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ไปŠใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจ่ปŒ้“ใซไน—ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:34
Susana added:
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Susana ใฏๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไป˜ใ‘ๅŠ ใˆใพใ—ใŸ
07:49
Ah, clever. We saw past... present. Both time periods are mentioned.
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ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ้ŽๅŽป...็พๅœจใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ไธกๆ–นใฎๆ™‚ๆœŸใŒ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:58
What I wanted you to realize or recall is that we can have mixed conditionals.
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่ช่ญ˜ใพใŸใฏๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใฎใฏใ€ๆกไปถใ‚’ๆททๅœจใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
08:04
In other words, we can have mixed time periods.
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่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใ‚Œใฐใ€ๆททๅˆใ—ใŸๆœŸ้–“ใ‚’ๆŒใคใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:09
The most common pattern is an unreal past situation resulting in an unreal present.
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ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใฏใ€้ž็พๅฎŸ็š„ใช็พๅœจใซใคใชใŒใ‚‹้ž็พๅฎŸ็š„ใช้ŽๅŽปใฎ็Šถๆณใงใ™ใ€‚
08:17
What would be different now if something had been different in the past?
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้ŽๅŽปใซไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ้•ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ไปŠใฏไฝ•ใŒ้•ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:25
In this type of mixed conditional, we use the past perfect in the if-clause to refer to an unreal past situation.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎๆททๅˆๆกไปถๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€if ็ฏ€ใง้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€้ž็พๅฎŸ็š„ใช้ŽๅŽปใฎ็Šถๆณใ‚’ๅ‚็…งใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:35
Then we use would, could, or might + the base verb in the result clause.
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ๆฌกใซใ€wouldใ€couldใ€ใพใŸใฏ might + ็ตๆžœๅฅใฎๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:42
That refers to an unreal present.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้ž็พๅฎŸ็š„ใช็พๅœจใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:48
Let's practice. I'll tell you a situation. You restate it using a mixed conditional, okay?
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็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็Šถๆณใ‚’ใŠไผใˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆททๅˆๆกไปถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ่จ€ใ„็›ดใ—ใพใ™ใญใ€‚
09:16
Too bad for Ben, right?
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ใƒ™ใƒณใซใฏๆฎ‹ๅฟตใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
09:18
But if he had moved to Hollywood (like he had planned_, he could pursue his dream of becoming an actor.
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ใงใ‚‚ใ‚‚ใ—ๅฝผใŒใƒใƒชใ‚ฆใƒƒใƒ‰ใซๅผ•ใฃ่ถŠใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰๏ผˆๅฝผใŒ่จˆ็”ปใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซ_๏ผ‰ใ€ๅฝผใฏไฟณๅ„ชใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๅฝผใฎๅคขใ‚’่ฟฝๆฑ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใŸ.
09:42
Good for Pauline, right? Because if she hadn't saved enough money, she wouldn't be able to buy an apartment now.
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.
09:53
Can you guess what your homework is?
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ๅฎฟ้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
09:56
Your first task is to post your own example of a mixed conditional.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใฏใ€ๆททๅˆๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฎ็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŠ•็จฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™.
10:01
Write one sentence and post it in the comments.
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1 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใซๆŠ•็จฟใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.
10:05
I'll offer corrections as time allows in our next lesson on conditionals.
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ๆ™‚้–“ใŒ่จฑใ™้™ใ‚Šใ€ๆฌกใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงไฟฎๆญฃใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใพใ™
10:13
For your bonus task, I'd like you to restate these sentences using IF.
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. ใŠใพใ‘ใฎ่ชฒ้กŒใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ IF ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆ
10:25
You can write your ideas in the comments,
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ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„. ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆ
10:27
but I won't confirm the answers until the next lesson.
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ใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๆฌกใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใพใง็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—
10:31
You can also tell me if you agree with the statement. Is it true or false in your case?
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ใพใ›ใ‚“. ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๅŒๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„. ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใ‹้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹
10:39
That's all for now. Please remember to like this video and subscribe if you haven't already.
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? ไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใฏไปฅไธŠใงใ™. ใพใ ใŠๆŒใกใงใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„. ใ”่ฆง
10:45
Thanks for watching and happy studies!
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ใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†
10:54
Remember to join me on Twitter for vocabulary practice. I'm there Monday through Friday.
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ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™. ้‡‘ๆ›œๆ—ฅใพใง.
11:00
And if you follow me on Facebook, you can try different language tasks throughout the week.
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Facebookใง็งใ‚’ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒญใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช่จ€่ชžใฎใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’่ฉฆใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™. ใใฎ้€ฑใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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