WHO | WHOM | WHOSE | WHO'S - Important English Grammar Lesson!

455,844 views ใƒป 2022-05-20

English with Lucy


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุชุชู… ุชุฑุฌู…ุชู‡ุง ุขู„ูŠู‹ุง.

00:00
- Hello, lovely students.
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- ู…ุฑุญุจุงู‹ ุฃูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ ุงู„ู…ุญุจูˆุจูˆู†.
00:01
And welcome back to English with Lucy.
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ูˆู…ุฑุญุจุง ุจูƒู… ู…ู† ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ู…ุน ู„ูˆุณูŠ.
00:03
Today, I've got a really important grammar video for you.
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ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุŒ ู„ุฏูŠ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏู‹ุง ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุงู„ู†ุญูˆูŠุฉ ู„ูƒ. ุณูˆู
00:07
We're going to talk about who, whom, who's and whose.
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ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ู…ู† ูˆู…ู† ูˆู…ู† ูˆู…ู† ูˆู…ู†.
00:12
Which one do we use and when?
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ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ูˆู…ุชู‰ุŸ
00:15
This is a topic that confuses even native English speakers.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ูŠุฑุจูƒ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุซูŠู† ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ.
00:19
We are going to cover all of the usages today.
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ุณู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุบุทูŠุฉ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ูŠูˆู….
00:23
And to go along with this lesson, I have created a free PDF.
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ูˆู„ู…ูˆุงูƒุจุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฏุฑุณ ุŒ ู‚ู…ุช ุจุฅู†ุดุงุก ู…ู„ู PDF ู…ุฌุงู†ูŠ.
00:26
It contains everything we're going to talk about today,
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ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุณู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุŒ
00:29
plus a quiz, so you can put what you learned today
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ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุชุชู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ูˆุถุน ู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ุชู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
00:32
into practise.
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ู…ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุชู†ููŠุฐ.
00:34
If you would like to download that free PDF,
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุฑุบุจ ููŠ ุชู†ุฒูŠู„ ู…ู„ู PDF ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุŒ ูู…ุง ุนู„ูŠูƒ
00:36
just click on the link in the description box,
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ุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ู…ุฑุจุน ุงู„ูˆุตู ุŒ
00:39
enter your name and your email address.
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ูˆุฅุฏุฎุงู„ ุงุณู…ูƒ ูˆุนู†ูˆุงู† ุจุฑูŠุฏูƒ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠ.
00:41
You sign up to my mailing list
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ู‚ู…ุช ุจุงู„ุชุณุฌูŠู„ ููŠ ู‚ุงุฆู…ุชูŠ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฏูŠุฉ ูˆุณูŠุตู„
00:43
and the PDF and quiz will automatically arrive
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ู…ู„ู PDF ูˆุงู„ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ุชู„ู‚ุงุฆูŠู‹ุง
00:46
in your inbox.
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุตู†ุฏูˆู‚ ุงู„ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจูƒ.
00:47
After that, every week you'll receive my free lesson PDFs
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ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ุณุชุชู„ู‚ู‰ ูƒู„ ุฃุณุจูˆุน ู…ู„ูุงุช PDF ู…ุฌุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฏุฑุณ
00:51
along with all of my news, course updates and offers.
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ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ูˆุชุญุฏูŠุซุงุช ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนุฑูˆุถ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจูŠ.
00:55
It's a free service and you can unsubscribe at any time.
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู…ุฌุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฅู„ุบุงุก ุงู„ุงุดุชุฑุงูƒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ูˆู‚ุช.
00:58
Let's get started with the lesson.
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ู„ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ุฏุฑุณ.
00:59
As I said, if you can master this,
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ูƒู…ุง ู‚ู„ุช ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุฅุชู‚ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุŒ
01:01
you'll be ahead of many native speakers.
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ูุณุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุซูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠูŠู†.
01:04
I'm pretty sure if you walked up to a native speaker
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ุฃู†ุง ู…ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† ุฃู†ูƒ ุฅุฐุง ุฐู‡ุจุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุซูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠูŠู†
01:07
in the street, and I don't recommend you do this,
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ููŠ ุงู„ุดุงุฑุน ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุฃู†ุตุญูƒ ุจูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ
01:09
and you ask them the differences between these words,
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ูˆุณุฃู„ู‡ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุŒ
01:13
a lot of them would be quite confused.
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ูุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู…ุฑุชุจูƒู‹ุง ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง.
01:15
So let's do this.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ูุนู„ ู‡ุฐุง.
01:16
We'll start with who and whom.
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ุณู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจู…ู† ูˆู…ู†.
01:19
This confuses so many people, but once you know the rules,
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ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุฑุจูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุจู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุฃู† ุชุนุฑู ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุŒ
01:22
they're quite easy to use.
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ูู…ู† ุงู„ุณู‡ู„ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง.
01:24
And pleasantly, the rule is actually quite simple,
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ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุงุนูŠ ุงู„ุณุฑูˆุฑ ุฃู† ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุŒ
01:28
unlike many English rules.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ.
01:30
The difference between who and whom
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ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ู…ู† ู‡ูˆ
01:32
is the same as the difference between I and me,
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ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ูŠ ูˆุจูŠู† ู‡ูˆ
01:35
he and him, she and her, and they and them.
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ูˆุจูŠู†ู‡ ูˆู‡ูŠ ูˆู‡ูŠ ูˆุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ูˆุจูŠู†ู‡ู….
01:40
Who is a subject pronoun like I,
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ู…ู† ู‡ูˆ ุถู…ูŠุฑ ุงู„ูุงุนู„ ู…ุซู„ูŠ ุŒ
01:45
whom is an object pronoun like me.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุถู…ูŠุฑ ู…ูุนูˆู„ ุจู‡ ู…ุซู„ูŠ.
01:49
This all sounds very grammatical,
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ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ู†ุญูˆูŠู‹ุง ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุŒ
01:51
so let's take a look at some examples
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ
01:54
to clear up any doubts.
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ู„ุชูˆุถูŠุญ ุฃูŠ ุดูƒูˆูƒ.
01:55
We have "who".
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ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง "ู…ู†".
01:56
It's a subject pronoun.
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ุฅู†ู‡ ุถู…ูŠุฑ ุงู„ูุงุนู„.
01:59
It refers to the person
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ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุดูŠุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุฎุต
02:00
who is doing the action, the subject.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุŒ ุงู„ูุงุนู„.
02:03
Who is coming to the party? Who lives here?
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ู…ู† ุณูŠุฃุชูŠ ู„ู„ุญูู„ุฉ ุŸ ู…ู† ูŠุนูŠุด ู‡ู†ุงุŸ
02:07
If you want to check, if you're using who correctly
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ุชุญู‚ู‚ ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ู† ุจุดูƒู„ ุตุญูŠุญ
02:10
in these sorts of sentences, try answering the question
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ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ ุŒ ูุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
02:14
with another subject pronoun.
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ุจุถู…ูŠุฑ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุขุฎุฑ.
02:16
Who is coming to the party?
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ู…ู† ุณูŠุฃุชูŠ ู„ู„ุญูู„ุฉุŸ
02:17
She is coming to the party.
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญูู„ุฉ.
02:19
You wouldn't say, her is coming to the party.
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ู„ู† ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญูู„ุฉ.
02:22
Who lives here?
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ู…ู† ูŠุนูŠุด ู‡ู†ุงุŸ
02:23
They live here.
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠุนูŠุดูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง.
02:25
You wouldn't say, them live here.
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ู„ู† ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠุนูŠุดูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง.
02:27
That's a good quick fix to check,
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ู‡ุฐุง ุญู„ ุณุฑูŠุน ุฌูŠุฏ ู„ู„ุชุญู‚ู‚ ุŒ
02:30
if you're using this in the right way.
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ.
02:31
We also use who in indirect questions
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ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ
02:34
along with the direct questions that we saw just now,
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ุฌู†ุจู‹ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌู†ุจ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฑุฃูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ู„ุชูˆ ุŒ
02:36
do you know who is coming with us?
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ู‡ู„ ุชุนุฑู ู…ู† ุณูŠุฃุชูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงุŸ
02:38
Could you tell me who that woman is?
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ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุฎุจุฑู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉุŸ
02:41
And we use who in relative clauses.
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ูˆู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ ุงู„ู†ุณุจูŠุฉ.
02:43
These are clauses that tell us more
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ูู‚ุฑุงุช ุชุฎุจุฑู†ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ
02:45
about a person or a thing.
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ุนู† ุดุฎุต ุฃูˆ ุดูŠุก ู…ุง.
02:47
My sister, who lives in New York, is a doctor.
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ุฃุฎุชูŠ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนูŠุด ููŠ ู†ูŠูˆูŠูˆุฑูƒ ุทุจูŠุจุฉ.
02:50
In relative clauses, we use relative pronouns
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ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ ุงู„ู†ุณุจูŠุฉ ุŒ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุถู…ุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ู†ุณุจูŠุฉ
02:53
to refer to the person or the thing.
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ู„ู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุดูŠุก.
02:56
And in relative clauses, who is the relative pronoun,
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ ุงู„ู†ุณุจูŠุฉ ุŒ ู…ู† ู‡ูˆ ุถู…ูŠุฑ ุงู„ูˆุตู„ ุŒ
03:00
who is a relative pronoun that we use to refer
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ู…ู† ู‡ูˆ ุถู…ูŠุฑ ู†ุณุจูŠ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ู„ู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ
03:02
to the subject of the clause.
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ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ.
03:04
To check if you're using this relative clause correctly,
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ู„ู„ุชุญู‚ู‚ ู…ู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ู†ุณุจูŠุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุตุญูŠุญ ุŒ
03:08
you can remove it and see if the sentence still makes sense.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฅุฒุงู„ุชู‡ุง ูˆู…ุนุฑูุฉ ู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ู„ุง ุชุฒุงู„ ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠุฉ.
03:12
My sister is a doctor.
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ุฃุฎุชูŠ ุทุจูŠุจุฉ.
03:14
It makes sense.
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ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ุง.
03:15
You can also isolate the who clause
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุนุฒู„ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ who
03:18
and insert she,
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ูˆุฅุฏุฑุงุฌู‡ุง ุŒ
03:19
she lives in New York.
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ูู‡ูŠ ุชุนูŠุด ููŠ ู†ูŠูˆูŠูˆุฑูƒ.
03:21
Another example,
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ู…ุซุงู„ ุขุฎุฑ ุŒ
03:22
she's the teacher who told me I would fail maths!
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ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุฎุจุฑุชู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุณุฃูุดู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช!
03:26
We can replace who with she, and isolate it.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงุณุชุจุฏุงู„ ู…ู† ุจู‡ุง ุŒ ูˆุนุฒู„ู‡ุง.
03:29
She told me I would fail maths!
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ู‚ุงู„ุช ู„ูŠ ุฅู†ู†ูŠ ุณุฃูุดู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช! ู„ุง
03:31
It still works. We're using it correctly.
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ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุนู…ู„. ู†ุญู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุตุญูŠุญ.
03:33
And finally, who is used in reported speech.
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ูˆุฃุฎูŠุฑู‹ุง ุŒ ู…ู† ูŠุชู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู…ุจู„ุบ ุนู†ู‡.
03:37
She told me who was coming.
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ุฃุฎุจุฑุชู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู‚ุงุฏู….
03:39
They asked, who was arriving first.
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ุณุฃู„ูˆุง ุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณูŠุตู„ ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹.
03:42
There is so much more to say about reported speech.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู…ุจู„ุบ ุนู†ู‡.
03:45
So if you feel you need to brush up
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุดุนุฑ ุฃู†ูƒ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุญุณูŠู†
03:47
on your reported speech skills and understanding,
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ู…ู‡ุงุฑุงุชูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูˆุงู„ูู‡ู… ุŒ
03:50
then I have another video dedicated to the topic.
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ูู„ุฏูŠ ู…ู‚ุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุขุฎุฑ ู…ุฎุตุต ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน.
03:53
I've left a link in the description box.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุชุฑูƒุช ุงุฑุชุจุงุทู‹ุง ููŠ ู…ุฑุจุน ุงู„ูˆุตู.
03:56
Now, let's move on to the topic of "whom".
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ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน "ู…ู†".
03:59
This is the word that really gets people confused.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฌุนู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุญูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุฃู…ุฑู‡ู… ุญู‚ู‹ุง.
04:01
As we said, it's an object pronoun.
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ูƒู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ุถู…ูŠุฑ ู…ูุนูˆู„ ุจู‡.
04:05
It receives the action of the sentence.
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ูŠุชู„ู‚ู‰ ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ.
04:08
Let's take a look at a sentence with an object pronoun.
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ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ู…ุน ุถู…ูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ูุนูˆู„ ุจู‡.
04:11
She went to the park with him.
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ุฐู‡ุจุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุนู‡.
04:13
Him, there, is the object pronoun.
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ู‡ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุถู…ูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ูุนูˆู„ ุจู‡.
04:16
Now, if you wanted to know who her companion was,
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ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุชุนุฑู ู…ู† ู‡ูˆ ุฑููŠู‚ู‡ุง ุŒ
04:19
you could say, whom,
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุŒ ู…ู† ุŒ
04:21
whom did she go to the park with?
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ู…ุน ู…ู† ุฐู‡ุจุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠู‚ุฉุŸ
04:23
Another example, whom would you prefer to have as manager?
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ู…ุซุงู„ ุขุฎุฑ ุŒ ู…ู† ุชูุถู„ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฏูŠุฑู‹ุงุŸ
04:27
How can you check if this is correct?
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ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุชุญู‚ู‚ ู…ู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญูŠุญู‹ุงุŸ
04:29
Well, by answering the question with another object pronoun.
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุจุถู…ูŠุฑ ู…ูุนูˆู„ ุจู‡ ุขุฎุฑ.
04:33
I would prefer to have her as a manager.
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ุฃูุถู„ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ุง ู…ู†ุตุจ ู…ุฏูŠุฑุฉ.
04:36
Whom? Her.
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ู…ูŽู†ุŸ ู‡ุง.
04:37
You can't say I'd prefer to have she as a manager, it's her.
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ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฃูุถู„ ุฃู† ุฃูƒูˆู† ู…ุฏูŠุฑุฉ ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ.
04:41
So we use whom.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ู†.
04:42
Now, in real life conversations,
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ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ููŠ ู…ุญุงุฏุซุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนูŠุฉ ุŒ ูŠู…ูŠู„
04:45
native English speakers tend to neglect who,
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ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุซูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠูˆู† ู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅู‡ู…ุงู„ ู…ู† ุŒ
04:49
and that's okay.
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ูˆู„ุง ุจุฃุณ ุจุฐู„ูƒ.
04:50
It's seen as very old fashioned,
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ูŠูู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ู‚ุฏูŠู… ุฌุฏู‹ุง ุŒ
04:52
as very formal, and to be quite honest,
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ุฑุณู…ูŠ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒูŠ ุฃูƒูˆู† ุตุงุฏู‚ู‹ุง ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ุŒ ูุฅู†
04:56
most native speakers don't understand it.
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ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุซูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠูŠู† ู„ุง ูŠูู‡ู…ูˆู†ู‡.
04:58
In fact, before I started teaching English
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ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุŒ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ุฃุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุชุฏุฑูŠุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ
05:00
and learning how to use grammar,
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ูˆุชุนู„ู… ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุŒ
05:02
I personally didn't understand it myself.
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ู„ู… ุฃูู‡ู…ู‡ุง ุดุฎุตูŠู‹ุง. ู…ู†
05:04
You'd be much more likely to hear,
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ุงู„ู…ุฑุฌุญ ุฃู† ุชุณู…ุน ุŒ ู…ู†
05:06
who would you rather have as a manager?
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ุชูุถู„ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฏูŠุฑู‹ุงุŸ
05:08
Don't stress yourself out about the word "whom".
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ู„ุง ุชุดุฏุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ู…ู†".
05:12
Use it if you like the sound of it.
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ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุฃุนุฌุจูƒ ุตูˆุชู‡.
05:14
If you like to sound formal and a little bit old fashioned,
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุญุจ ุฃู† ุชุจุฏูˆ ุฑุณู…ูŠู‹ุง ูˆู‚ุฏูŠู…ู‹ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุŒ ูุฅู†
05:16
lots of people do like that,
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ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠุญุจูˆู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ
05:18
but it's perfectly fine to not use it.
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ู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ุจุฃุณ ููŠ ุนุฏู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡.
05:21
I always think that it's really nice
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ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌูŠุฏ ุญู‚ู‹ุง
05:22
to understand these things,
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ูู‡ู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุŒ
05:24
and then you have a choice about whether you use it or not.
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ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑ ููŠู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุฃู… ู„ุง.
05:26
Another thing about whom is that we should always use it
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ุดูŠุก ุขุฎุฑ ุญูˆู„ ู…ู† ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู†ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง
05:29
with a preposition, for example,
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ู…ุน ุญุฑู ุงู„ุฌุฑ ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ
05:32
whom did you give that present to
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ู„ู…ู† ุฃุนุทูŠุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‡ุฏูŠุฉ
05:34
or to whom did you give that present?
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ุฃูˆ ู„ู…ู† ุฃุนุทูŠุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‡ุฏูŠุฉุŸ
05:36
Well, that does sound very posh.
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ูุงุฎุฑู‹ุง ุฌุฏู‹ุง.
05:38
Whom are you cooking dinner for?
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ู„ู…ู† ุชุทุจุฎ ุงู„ุนุดุงุกุŸ
05:39
Or for whom are you cooking dinner?
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ุฃูˆ ู„ู…ู† ุชุทุจุฎ ุงู„ุนุดุงุกุŸ
05:41
The second version of those questions
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ุงู„ู†ุณุฎุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰
05:43
with the preposition at the beginning
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ุญุฑู ุงู„ุฌุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ
05:45
is technically more grammatically correct,
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ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุญูˆูŠุฉ ุŒ
05:48
but you are not going to hear many native English speakers
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ู„ูƒู†ูƒ ู„ู† ุชุณู…ุน ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุซูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠูŠู† ู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ
05:51
using this.
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ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง.
05:52
Most wouldn't ask a question like this
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ู„ู† ูŠุทุฑุญ ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ู… ุณุคุงู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐุง
05:54
in normal conversation.
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ููŠ ู…ุญุงุฏุซุฉ ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ.
05:55
You might hear it in an old fashioned drama
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ู‚ุฏ ุชุณู…ุนู‡ุง ููŠ ุฏุฑุงู…ุง ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ
05:58
like Bridgerton or Downton Abbey,
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ู…ุซู„ ุจุฑูŠุฏุฌูŠุฑุชูˆู† ุฃูˆ ุฏุงูˆู†ุชูˆู† ุขุจูŠ ุŒ
06:02
but it's not how we speak in modern daily life.
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ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุจู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุฉ.
06:04
We would simply say, who did you give that present to?
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ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุŒ ู„ู…ู† ุฃุนุทูŠุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‡ุฏูŠุฉุŸ
06:07
Who are you cooking dinner for?
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ู„ู…ู† ุชุทุจุฎ ุงู„ุนุดุงุกุŸ
06:09
We can also use whom in relative clauses
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู…ู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ ุงู„ู†ุณุจูŠุฉ
06:12
when we are referring to the object of the clause.
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุดูŠุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ.
06:15
Julio, whom we met on the plane, is Spanish.
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ุฎูˆู„ูŠูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ูŠู†ุง ุจู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุชู† ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุฅุณุจุงู†ูŠ.
06:18
Whom is the object of met,
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ูŠู†ุง ุจู‡ ุŒ
06:20
we met Julio, or we met him.
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ุงู„ุชู‚ูŠู†ุง ุจุฎูˆู„ูŠูˆ ุŒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชู‚ูŠู†ุง ุจู‡.
06:23
If the relative clause includes a preposition,
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ุฅุฐุง ุงุญุชูˆุช ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ู†ุณุจูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฑู ุฌุฑ ุŒ
06:25
we use whom.
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ูุฅู†ู†ุง ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ู†.
06:26
Tanya is the woman from whom I received a letter.
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ุชุงู†ูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู„ู‚ูŠุช ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ.
06:30
Oh my Lord,
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ูŠุง ุฑุจูŠ ุŒ
06:31
that sounds like an incredibly formal sentence to me.
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ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ู„ูŠ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุฑุณู…ูŠุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ู„ุง ูŠุตุฏู‚.
06:34
I know so many of you want to learn
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ุฃุนุฑู ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†ูƒู… ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ูŠุชุนู„ู… ูƒูŠููŠุฉ
06:36
to use the word, whom, I've been asked about it
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ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุณุฆู„ูˆุง ุนู†ู‡ุง
06:38
a hell of a lot.
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ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง.
06:39
It's not a useless word.
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุนุฏูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ูุงุฆุฏุฉ.
06:42
It's good to understand it in films.
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุชูู‡ู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูู„ุงู…. ู…ู†
06:44
It's nice to use it if you want to sound formal,
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ุงู„ุฌูŠุฏ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุชุจุฏูˆ ุฑุณู…ูŠู‹ุง ุŒ
06:48
and if you want to sound a bit posh.
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ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุชุจุฏูˆ ุฃู†ูŠู‚ู‹ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุดูŠุก.
06:49
It's a good word to use correctly in written English,
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุชู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุตุญูŠุญ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูƒุชูˆุจุฉ ุŒ
06:53
you could really impress an examiner.
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ูู‚ุฏ ุชุซูŠุฑ ุฅุนุฌุงุจ ุงู„ูุงุญุต ุญู‚ู‹ุง.
06:55
Let's take a look at a few more examples
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ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰
06:58
of who and whom together before we move on to
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ุญูˆู„ ู…ู† ูˆู…ู† ู…ุนู‹ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ุฅู„ู‰
07:01
who's and whose.
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ู…ู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆู…ู†.
07:03
Who made this delicious cake?
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ู…ู† ุตู†ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒุนูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ุฐูŠุฐุฉุŸ
07:05
He made this delicious cake.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุตู†ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒุนูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ุฐูŠุฐุฉ.
07:07
Whom are you going to Greece with?
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ู…ุน ู…ู† ุณุชุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠูˆู†ุงู†ุŸ
07:08
Or with whom are you going to Greece?
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ุฃูˆ ู…ุน ู…ู† ุณุชุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠูˆู†ุงู†ุŸ
07:10
I'm going to Greece with him, object pronoun.
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ุณุฃุฐู‡ุจ ู…ุนู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠูˆู†ุงู† ุŒ ุถู…ูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ูุนูˆู„ ุจู‡.
07:13
She has a daughter who is a pilot.
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ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุงุจู†ุฉ ุทูŠุงุฑ.
07:16
Her daughter, to whom she is very close, is a pilot.
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ุงุจู†ุชู‡ุง ุŒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุŒ ุทูŠุงุฑ.
07:20
Remember, if you want to see more examples
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ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ
07:22
and practise on your own and take exercise questions,
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ูˆุงู„ู…ู…ุงุฑุณุฉ ุจู†ูุณูƒ ูˆุชู„ู‚ูŠ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ุŒ ูู‚ู…
07:25
download that PDF.
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ุจุชู†ุฒูŠู„ ู…ู„ู PDF ู‡ุฐุง.
07:26
The link is in the description box.
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ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ู…ุฑุจุน ุงู„ูˆุตู.
07:28
Okay. Let's move on to the good part.
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ุชู…ุงู…. ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฌูŠุฏ.
07:30
We have a really quick fix here.
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ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฅุตู„ุงุญ ุณุฑูŠุน ุญู‚ู‹ุง ู‡ู†ุง.
07:33
"Who's" as in apostrophe S,
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"Who's" ูƒู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ูŠุง S ุŒ
07:35
and "whose" as in "se".
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ูˆ "ุงู„ุฐูŠ" ูƒู…ุง ููŠ "se".
07:38
Both of these words are versions of the word, who.
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ูƒู„ุชุง ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุชูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ู†ุณุฎ ู„ู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุŒ ู…ู†.
07:42
Who's with an apostrophe S is a contraction.
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ู…ู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ูุงุตู„ุฉ ุนู„ูŠุง S ู‡ูˆ ุชู‚ู„ุต.
07:45
It's a contraction of the words who is or who has.
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ุฅู†ู‡ ุชู‚ู„ุต ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ู† ู‡ูˆ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡.
07:50
Whose with an "se" is a possessive pronoun
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ู…ู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ "se" ู‡ูˆ ุถู…ูŠุฑ ู…ู„ูƒ
07:54
like his or mine, whose.
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ู…ุซู„ ุถู…ูŠุฑู‡ ุฃูˆ ุถู…ูŠุฑู‡ ุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ.
07:57
Listen to the pronunciation of these two words,
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ุงุณุชู…ุน ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ุทู‚ ู‡ุงุชูŠู† ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุชูŠู† ุŒ
08:00
who's, whose.
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ู…ู† ุŒ ู…ู†.
08:04
Who's, whose, do you notice the difference?
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ู…ู† ุŒ ู…ู† ุŒ ู‡ู„ ุชู„ุงุญุธ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ุŸ
08:07
Because there shouldn't be one.
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูˆุงุญุฏ.
08:09
They are pronounced in exactly the same way.
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ูŠุชู… ู†ุทู‚ู‡ุง ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง. ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ
08:12
It's just the spelling that's different.
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ู…ุฎุชู„ู ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ุฌุงุก.
08:13
These words are homophones.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ุชุฌุงู†ุณุฉ.
08:15
They're spelled differently,
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ูŠุชู… ุชู‡ุฌุฆุชู‡ู… ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุŒ
08:16
but they have the same pronunciation.
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ู„ูƒู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ุทู‚.
08:19
Let's take a closer look at who's with apostrophe S,
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ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ูุงุญุตุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ู‡ูˆ ู…ุน ุงู„ูุงุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ูŠุง S ุŒ
08:22
as I said, it's a contraction of who is, who's,
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ูƒู…ุง ู‚ู„ุช ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ุชู‚ู„ุต ู„ู…ู† ู‡ูˆ ุŒ ู…ู† ุŒ
08:26
or who has, who's.
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ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุŒ ู…ู†.
08:28
You should be able to tell from the context of a sentence
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ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ
08:31
whether that apostrophe S is,
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ู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ูุงุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ูŠุง S ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ
08:34
is or has.
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ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจู‡ุง ู…ู† ุณูŠุงู‚ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ.
08:36
Who's that man sitting over there?
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ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ุฌุงู„ุณ ู‡ู†ุงูƒุŸ
08:39
Who is that man sitting over there?
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ู…ู† ู‡ูˆ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ุฌุงู„ุณ ู‡ู†ุงูƒุŸ
08:41
Who's been to Paris before?
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ู…ู† ุฒุงุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุณ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ุŸ
08:43
Who has been to Paris before?
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ู…ู† ุฒุงุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุณ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ุŸ
08:44
We use who's a lot in questions.
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ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ู† ู‡ูˆ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ.
08:47
We can also use it in normal sentences,
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ููŠ ุฌู…ู„ ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ุŒ
08:49
like these,
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ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุŒ
08:50
that's the lecturer who's giving a talk later on.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณูŠุชุญุฏุซ ู„ุงุญู‚ู‹ุง.
08:53
Who is giving a talk later on.
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ู…ู† ูŠู„ู‚ูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู„ุงุญู‚.
08:55
She's the person who's been sending me all of those letters!
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃุฑุณู„ ู„ูŠ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑุณุงุฆู„!
08:59
Who has been sending me all of those letters!
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ู…ู† ูƒุงู† ูŠุฑุณู„ ู„ูŠ ูƒู„ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฑุณุงุฆู„!
09:02
And finally, whose with "se",
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ูˆุฃุฎูŠุฑู‹ุง ุŒ ู…ุน ู…ู† ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… "se" ุŒ
09:04
we most often use this in sentences
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ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ู…ุง ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„
09:08
when we are asking to whom something belongs,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุณุฃู„ ู„ู…ู† ูŠู†ุชู…ูŠ ุดูŠุก ู…ุง ุŒ
09:12
bonus example of whom there.
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ูˆู…ุซุงู„ ุฅุถุงููŠ ู„ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ู…ู†
09:15
Whose dog is that? Whose cupcakes are these?
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุจุŸ ู„ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒุนูƒุŸ
09:18
You can answer both of these questions
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ูŠู†
09:20
with the possessive pronoun, my.
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ุจุถู…ูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒูŠุฉ ุŒ ูŠุง ุตุฏูŠู‚ูŠ.
09:23
That is my dog. Those are my cupcakes.
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ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ุจูŠ. ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุนูƒุงุชูŠ.
09:26
And there you have it.
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ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู„ุฏูŠูƒ.
09:27
Who, whom, who's and whose.
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ู…ู† ูˆู…ู† ูˆู…ู† ูˆู…ู†.
09:30
You should now understand how to use them correctly.
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ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชูู‡ู… ุงู„ุขู† ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุตุญูŠุญ.
09:33
Some of that information, especially the part about whom
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ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุŒ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ ุจู…ู†
09:38
is actually quite complex.
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ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ู…ุนู‚ุฏ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ.
09:40
So we have created that lesson PDF.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุฅู†ุดุงุก ู…ู„ู PDF ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฏุฑุณ.
09:42
It's got everything in there in writing.
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ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ.
09:44
You can take it at your own pace,
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุงู„ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ูˆูู‚ู‹ุง ู„ุณุฑุนุชูƒ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุŒ
09:46
and you can take the quiz at the end of it to check
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุงู„ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุชู‡ ู„ู„ุชุญู‚ู‚
09:49
that you've fully understand what we've spoken about today.
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ู…ู† ุฃู†ูƒ ุชูู‡ู… ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ู…ุง ุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู….
09:52
If you'd like to download that free PDF and quiz,
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุฑุบุจ ููŠ ุชู†ุฒูŠู„ ู…ู„ู PDF ูˆุงู„ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู†ูŠ ุŒ
09:55
click on the link in the description box,
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ูุงู†ู‚ุฑ ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ู…ุฑุจุน ุงู„ูˆุตู ุŒ
09:56
enter your name and your email address,
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ูˆุฃุฏุฎู„ ุงุณู…ูƒ ูˆุนู†ูˆุงู† ุจุฑูŠุฏูƒ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠ ุŒ
09:59
and you sign up my mailing list.
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ูˆู‚ู… ุจุงู„ุชุณุฌูŠู„ ููŠ ู‚ุงุฆู…ุชูŠ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฏูŠุฉ.
10:00
The PDF will arrive directly in your inbox.
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ุณูŠุตู„ ู…ู„ู PDF ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุตู†ุฏูˆู‚ ุงู„ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจูƒ.
10:03
That's it today's lesson. I hope you enjoyed it.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุฏุฑุณ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…. ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ุฏ ุงุณุชู…ุชุนุช ุจู‡.
10:05
And I hope you learned something.
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ูˆุขู…ู„ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ุฏ ุชุนู„ู…ุช ุดูŠุฆู‹ุง.
10:07
Don't forget to connect with me on all of my social media.
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ู„ุง ุชู†ุณู‰ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุตู„ ู…ุนูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู…ูŠุน ูˆุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุตู„ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจูŠ. ู„ู‚ุฏ
10:10
I've got my Instagram, EnglishwithLucy my English Instagram,
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ุญุตู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ Instagram ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ู…ุน Lucy my English Instagram ุŒ
10:14
and @Lucy, my personal Instagram.
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ูˆ @ Lucy ุŒ Instagram ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจูŠ.
10:17
I've also got my website englishwithlucy.co.uk,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุญุตู„ุช ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆูŠุจ ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจูŠ englishwithlucy.co.uk ุŒ
10:21
where I've got a fantastic pronunciation tool.
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ุญูŠุซ ู„ุฏูŠู‘ ุฃุฏุงุฉ ู†ุทู‚ ุฑุงุฆุนุฉ.
10:24
It's a phonemic chart, and you can click on the phonemes,
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ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุฎุทุท ุตูˆุชูŠ ุŒ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุตูˆุชูŠุงุช ุŒ
10:28
hear me pronounce those phonemes
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ุชุณู…ุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุทู‚ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุตูˆุงุช
10:29
and words that contain those phonemes.
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ูˆุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุตูˆุงุช.
10:31
I've also got my logging channel, Lucy Bella,
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ู„ุฏูŠ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุชุณุฌูŠู„ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจูŠ ุŒ Lucy Bella ุŒ
10:34
where you can follow our lives here
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ู…ุชุงุจุนุฉ ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง
10:35
in the English countryside.
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ููŠ ุงู„ุฑูŠู ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ.
10:37
And importantly, every single vlog is fully subtitled,
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ูˆุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ุฃู† ูƒู„ ู…ุฏูˆู†ุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุชุชู… ุชุฑุฌู…ุชู‡ุง ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ุŒ
10:41
so that you can use them for listening practise
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ุจุญูŠุซ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ู„ู…ู…ุงุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชู…ุงุน
10:43
and expanding your vocabulary.
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ูˆุชูˆุณูŠุน ู…ูุฑุฏุงุชูƒ.
10:46
You can also check out my English courses,
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ุชุญู‚ู‚ ู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจูŠ ุŒ
10:48
that's englishwithlucy.co.uk/courses.
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ูˆู‡ูŠ englishwithlucy.co.uk/courses.
10:51
There are lots there to choose from.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑ ู…ู† ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง.
10:53
I will see you soon for another lesson,
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ุณุฃุฑุงูƒู… ู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุฏุฑุณ ุขุฎุฑ ุŒ
10:55
but don't feel pressured to use it because seriously,
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ู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ุชุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ุถุบุท ู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง
10:58
we just don't.
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ู„ุง ู†ูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุฌุฏูŠุฉ.
11:00
Delete that.
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ุงุญุฐู ุฐู„ูƒ.
11:02
I can't believe I managed to turn whom
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ู„ุง ุฃุตุฏู‚ ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุชู…ูƒู†ุช ู…ู† ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ู…ู†
11:03
into a motivational speech.
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎุทุงุจ ุชุญููŠุฒูŠ.
11:06
You have a choice. Julio, Julio, Julio.
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ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฎูŠุงุฑ. ุฎูˆู„ูŠูˆ ุŒ ุฎูˆู„ูŠูˆ ุŒ ุฎูˆู„ูŠูˆ.
11:10
If the relative clause includes.
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ุฅุฐุง ุชุถู…ู† ุงู„ุดุฑุท ุงู„ู†ุณุจูŠ.
11:13
Are versions of the word who, what about whom?
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ู‡ู„ ุฅุตุฏุงุฑุงุช ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ู† ูˆู…ุงุฐุง ุนู† ู…ู†ุŸ
11:16
What about who's?
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ู…ุงุฐุง ุนู† ู…ู†ุŸ
11:18
You can answer both of these questions
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ูŠู†
11:20
with the possessive, oh.
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ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูƒ ุŒ ุฃูˆู‡.
11:22
English country-sided, country-sided.
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ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏ ุŒ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตุนูŠุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑูŠ.
11:26
Think of my challenge.
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ููƒุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจูŠ.
11:30
Right. Okay. 27 minutes. Not too bad.
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ูŠู…ูŠู†. ุชู…ุงู…. 27 ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ. ู„ูŠุณ ุณูŠุฆุง ุฌุฏุง.
11:34
(gentle lively music)
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(ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰ ุญูŠุฉ ู„ุทูŠูุฉ)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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