Noun Phrases in English: A comprehensive guide for English learners

25,040 views ใƒป 2023-01-17

English Like A Native


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
We often hear that noun phrasesย  are important in English,ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ์ž์ฃผ ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:03
and students often tell me that they areย  interested in learning more about them.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ข…์ข… ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:07
So, in this video Iโ€™ll show you howย  to use noun phrases more effectivelyย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•
00:12
and even improve your exam score in the process.
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๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
Iโ€™ll explain what a noun phrase is, how to createย  one, how to identify one, how to make sure yourย ย 
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๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€, ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• , ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ๊ธด ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋กœ
00:24
sentences are grammatically correct with aย  long noun phrase and why theyโ€™re important.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์™œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
Hello everyone, Anna hereย  from EnglishLikeANative.co.ukย 
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, Anna๋Š” EnglishLikeANative.co.uk์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
This lesson is going to get technical,ย  so have your pen to hand, or downloadย ย 
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์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ํŽœ์„ ์†์— ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
00:42
the FREE PDF Worksheet that accompanies thisย  lesson - link can be found in the description.
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์ด ๊ฐ•์˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ PDF ์›Œํฌ์‹œํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ๋งํฌ๋Š” ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
So, first of all, letโ€™s define our terms.
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๋จผ์ € ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:52
What, exactly, is a noun phraseย  and why are they so important?
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๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋ž€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ฉฐ ์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”?
00:56
Put very simply, a noun phrase is a noun orย  pronoun and all the words that modify it.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
You can add the modifiers before the nounโ€ฆ like
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01:08
โ€œThe tall man is happy.โ€
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"The tall man is happy"์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์— ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
In this sentence โ€˜the tall manโ€™ is the nounย  phrase and โ€˜theโ€™ and โ€˜tallโ€™ are the modifiers.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ 'the tall man'์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์ด๊ณ  'the'์™€ 'tall'์€ ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
Or you can put the modifiers after the noun.
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๋˜๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
โ€œCould you pass me the penย  thatโ€™s on the table, please?โ€
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" ํƒ์ž ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํŽœ ์ข€ ๊ฑด๋„ค์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?"
01:26
In this sentence โ€˜the pen thatโ€™sย  on the tableโ€™ is the noun phrase.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ 'the pen that's on the table'์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
โ€˜Thatโ€™s on the tableโ€™ย  modifies โ€˜penโ€™ after the noun.
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'That's on the table'์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋’ค์˜ 'pen'์„ ์ˆ˜์‹ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
And, of course โ€˜theโ€™ modifies โ€˜penโ€™ before it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  'the'๋Š” ๊ทธ ์•ž์— ์žˆ๋Š” 'pen'์„ ์ˆ˜์‹ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
You could also replace โ€˜penโ€™ with the pronounย  โ€˜oneโ€™ in this sentence, to have the same meaning.
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๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ 'pen'์„ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ 'one'์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
โ€œCan you pass me the oneย  thatโ€™s on the table, please?โ€
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" ํƒ์ž ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฑด๋„ค ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?"
01:51
The main noun/pronoun in thisย  sentence is โ€˜penโ€™ or โ€˜oneโ€™.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ/๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” 'pen' ๋˜๋Š” 'one'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
Letโ€™s look at a few more examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋” ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
Take the sentence โ€œHelp me find my catโ€.
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โ€œ๋‚ด ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ฃผ์„ธ์š”โ€๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
02:04
โ€˜My catโ€™ is already the nounย  phrase and it includes a noun,ย ย 
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'My cat'์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ช…์‚ฌ
02:09
โ€˜catโ€™ and a possessive adjectiveย  which describes the noun, โ€˜myโ€™.
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'cat'๊ณผ ๋ช…์‚ฌ 'my'๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ์œ  ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
Now letโ€™s add some adjectives before the noun.
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์ด์ œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์— ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
โ€œHelp me find my scruffy black and white cat.โ€
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"๋‚ด ์ง€์ €๋ถ„ํ•œ ํ‘๋ฐฑ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ฃผ์„ธ์š”."
02:23
Now letโ€™s add some more descriptionย  after โ€˜catโ€™ - โ€˜with a red collar on herโ€™.
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์ด์ œ 'cat' - 'with a red collar on her' ๋’ค์— ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋” ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
By the way, this is called โ€˜aย  prepositional phraseโ€™ becauseย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
02:35
we have the preposition โ€˜withโ€™ followedย  by what is on the cat - โ€˜a red collarโ€™.
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ 'with' ๋’ค์— ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์— ์žˆ๋Š” 'a red collar'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 'a ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
We often find prepositionalย  phrases in noun phrases.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์นผ๋ผ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:46
We can add another prepositionalย  phrase to describe the collar andย ย 
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:51
create an even longer noun phrase,ย  like, โ€˜with a silver bell on itโ€™.
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'with a silver bell on it'๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋” ๊ธด ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
So now the whole sentence is
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์ด์ œ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
02:58
โ€œHelp me find my scruffy black and white cat withย  a red collar with a silver bell on it on her.โ€
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"๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰ ๋ชฉ์ค„์— ์€์ƒ‰ ๋ฐฉ์šธ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ์ง€์ €๋ถ„ํ•œ ํ‘๋ฐฑ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ฃผ์„ธ์š” ."์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
Hmmm waitโ€ฆ now there areย  two โ€˜withsโ€™ and two โ€˜onsโ€™.
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์Œ ์ž ๊น๋งŒ์š”... ์ด์ œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ 'with'์™€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ 'on'์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
Thatโ€™s not great.
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์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
Iโ€™m going to change the first โ€˜withโ€™ to โ€˜wearingโ€™,ย  then I can take away the โ€˜on herโ€™ at the end.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ 'with'๋ฅผ 'wearing'์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์— 'on her'๋ฅผ ๋นผ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
So now the sentence reads
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์ด์ œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
03:26
โ€œHelp me find my scruffy black and white catย  wearing a red collar with a silver bell on it.โ€
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"์€์ƒ‰ ๋ฐฉ์šธ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ๋ชฉ์ค„์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์ €๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰๊ณผ ํฐ์ƒ‰ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ฃผ์„ธ์š” ."์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
Now my sentence gives a completeย  description, is precise, doesnโ€™tย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋‚ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
03:40
repeat words and uses a long noun phraseย  that will surely impress any examiner!
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๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ธด ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๊ด€์—๊ฒŒ ๊นŠ์€ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋‚จ๊ธธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
03:47
Writing is always about editing, after all, soย  itโ€™s important to leave time in your exam soย ย 
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ํŽธ์ง‘์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‹œํ—˜์— ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ
03:53
you can think about ways to expand yourย  noun phrases just as we have done here.
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ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:58
It can sometimes be difficultย  to determine if something isย ย 
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด
04:03
a noun phrase or not, but hereโ€™s a simple trick.
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๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์š”๋ น์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
If you can replace this part of the sentenceย  with just one pronoun, itโ€™s a noun phrase.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
Letโ€™s get back to our cat example, shall we?
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๊ณ ์–‘์ด ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
04:16
In the sentence โ€œHelp me find my scruffy blackย  and white cat wearing a red collar with a silverย ย 
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"Help me find my sruffy black and white cat wearing red collar with silver
04:23
bell on it.โ€, if we replace the noun phrase withย  โ€˜herโ€™, it still makes sense โ€“ โ€œHelp me find her.โ€
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bell."์—์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ 'her'๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "Help me find her."
04:34
So, then we know that โ€˜my scruffyย  black and white cat wearing a redย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์€์ƒ‰ ๋ฐฉ์šธ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ๋ชฉ์ค„์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ด ์ง€์ €๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰๊ณผ ํฐ์ƒ‰์˜ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด'๊ฐ€
04:38
collar with a silver bell on itโ€™ is a noun phrase.
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๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
This can help us in reading, to identifyย  the subject or object of a sentence and whenย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฝ๊ณ , ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋‚˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ ,
04:49
completing the answers in the listening sectionย  to help us identify the correct grammar to use.
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๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์„น์…˜์—์„œ ๋‹ต์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
Ah, speaking of verb agreement, toย  determine the form of a verb to use,ย ย 
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์•„, ๋™์‚ฌ ์ผ์น˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ตฌ์—์„œ
05:01
we first need to determine the main noun inย  the phrase - sometimes called โ€˜the head nounโ€™.
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์ฃผ๋ช…์‚ฌ (๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ '๋จธ๋ฆฌ ๋ช…์‚ฌ'๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•จ)๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
For example, โ€œThe tall man inย  the black car is my uncle.โ€
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด "๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰ ์ฐจ์— ํƒ„ ํ‚ค ํฐ ๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ๋‚ด ์‚ผ์ดŒ์ด์•ผ." ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ
05:15
Can you guess what the headย  noun is in this sentence?
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ถ”์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š” ?
05:20
If you said โ€˜carโ€™, Iโ€™m afraidย  youโ€™re wrong, itโ€™s โ€˜uncleโ€™.
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'์ž๋™์ฐจ'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์‚ผ์ดŒ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
Now, letโ€™s take the example,
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์ด์ œ
05:28
โ€œThe tall men in the black car ____ my uncles.โ€
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"๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰ ์ฐจ์— ํƒ„ ํ‚ค ํฐ ๋‚จ์ž๋“ค์€ ____ ๋‚ด ์‚ผ์ดŒ๋“ค"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
If we use the verb โ€˜to beโ€™, which formย  should we use here? - โ€˜isโ€™ or โ€˜areโ€™?
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๋™์‚ฌ 'to be'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? - '์ด๋‹ค' ๋˜๋Š” '์žˆ๋‹ค'?
05:45
Well, you may already know itโ€™s โ€˜areโ€™ becauseย  you know the head noun is โ€˜menโ€™, not โ€˜carโ€™.
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์Œ, ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ 'car'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ 'men'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 'are'๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
So, the sentence is โ€œThe tallย  men in the car are my uncles.โ€
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ โ€œ ์ฐจ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ‚ค ํฐ ๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ๋‚ด ์‚ผ์ดŒ์ด์•ผ.โ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
This is where many students make mistakes,ย  because they look at the closest noun toย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
06:04
the verb, without looking at the WHOLEย  noun phrase and they try to match theย ย 
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06:09
verb with that instead of making sureย  the verb agrees with the HEAD noun.
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HEAD ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ผ์น˜์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
Letโ€™s look at one more example, but before we do,ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ „์—
06:17
please take a second to give thisย  video a like and click subscribe.
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์ž ์‹œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด์–ด ์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์— ์ข‹์•„์š”๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ  ๊ตฌ๋…์„ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
06:22
Now, which is correct?
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์ด์ œ ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:24
โ€œa) One of the important thingsย  has to be critical thinking.โ€ย 
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"a) ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋น„ํŒ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
06:31
Or
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๋˜๋Š”
06:32
โ€œb) One of the most important thingsย  have to be critical thinking?โ€
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"b) ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋น„ํŒ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
06:39
Itโ€™s โ€˜aโ€™. Even though we have โ€˜thingsโ€™ andย  โ€˜hasโ€™ next to each other, we have to use theย ย 
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๊ฐ€'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'things'์™€ 'has'๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ž€ํžˆ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
06:47
third person singular form of the verb because theย  head noun in this phrase is โ€˜oneโ€™, not โ€˜thingsโ€™.
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๋™์‚ฌ์˜ 3์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” 'things'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ 'one'์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
- Erm, why is it important for learners toย  understand and use noun phrases correctly?
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- ์Œ, ํ•™์Šต์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์™œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”?
07:02
- Well, understanding noun phrase constructionย  helps you to be more precise and descriptive.
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- ์Œ, ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉด ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
Also, as in the example โ€œThe tallย  man in the black car is my uncle.โ€,ย ย 
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๋˜ํ•œ โ€œThe tall man in the black car in the black car is my uncle.โ€์˜ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด
07:15
we use a noun phrase to put the importantย  information at the beginning of the sentenceย ย 
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๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
because we want to draw attentionย  to the tall man in the black car.
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.
07:26
The listener doesnโ€™t know who my uncle is so Iย ย 
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์ฒญ์ทจ์ž๋Š” ์‚ผ์ดŒ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
07:30
have to describe him first beforeย  giving more information about him.
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์ž์„ธํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋จผ์ € ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
It also means that the grammarย  you use will be more accurate,ย ย 
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๋˜ํ•œ
07:39
as we saw with correctlyย  identifying the head noun.
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜๋“ฏ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ด ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
This is useful for completing gapย  fill exercises that you might findย ย 
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์ด๋Š”
07:48
in the Listening and Reading papers on the IELTSย  exam and in Use of English in Cambridge exams.
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IELTS ์‹œํ—˜์˜ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ ๊ณผ ์บ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์‹œํ—˜์˜ ์˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์—์„œ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐญ ์ฑ„์šฐ๊ธฐ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
In academic writing, theseย  things are all really important.
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ํ•™์ˆ  ์ž‘๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
The use of noun phrases also helpsย  to make your writing impersonal,ย ย 
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๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธ€์„ ๋น„์ธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
which is important in exam tasksย  where you have to be more formal,ย ย 
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์ด๋Š”
08:08
like IELTS writing Task 2 orย  Cambridge Advanced, parts 1 and 2.
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IELTS Writing Task 2 ๋˜๋Š” Cambridge Advanced, ํŒŒํŠธ 1 ๋ฐ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ข€ ๋” ๊ฒฉ์‹์„ ์ฐจ๋ ค์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ณผ์ œ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
Noun phrases can also help you score higher inย  the IELTS part 1 on the General Training exam byย ย 
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๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ฒ„์Šค์— ๋‘๊ณ  ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ์š”์ฒญ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์„ ๋•Œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ, ๋ถ€์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ต์œก ์‹œํ—˜์˜ IELTS ํŒŒํŠธ 1์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:22
adding more information - adjectives, adverbsย  or prepositional phrases to your sentences,ย ย 
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08:27
like when you are asked to describeย  a bag you left on a bus, for example.
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.
08:33
You could say โ€œWould it be possible toย  help me find my bag?โ€ or you could modifyย ย 
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" ๋‚ด ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„์™€์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”
08:39
the noun and make the sentenceย  more precise and descriptive.
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๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
โ€œWould it be possible to help me find my smallย ย 
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"์ž‘์—… ๋ฌธ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋…น์ƒ‰ ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์„ ์ฐพ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”
08:46
green leather bag with allย  my work documents in it?โ€
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?"
08:49
โ€˜Bagโ€™ is still the head noun in this sentence,ย ย 
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'๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ'์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ โ€‹โ€‹์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
08:53
but is modified by three adjectives beforeย  it and a preposition phrase after it.
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์•ž์— ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ์™€ ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์‹๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
This use of noun phrases is veryย  common in English and will giveย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๋ฉฐ
09:04
your examiner a good impression of your writing.
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์‹œํ—˜๊ด€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๊ธ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ข‹์€ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ์–ด์ˆœ์ด๋‚˜ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ
09:07
If youโ€™d like a full video explainingย ย 
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์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ํ’€ ์˜์ƒ์„ ์›ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด
09:09
adjective word order or prepositionalย  phrases, let me know in the comments!
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๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”!
09:15
Now itโ€™s time for a quick quiz. Are you ready?
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์ด์ œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค€๋น„ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
09:19
Look at the following noun phrases and pickย  the main noun or head noun in each phrase.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ฃผ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
09:27
1. The small yellow childrenโ€™s scissorsย  on the corner of the dining table.
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1. ์‹ํƒ ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋…ธ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์šฉ ๊ฐ€์œ„ .
09:35
2. Several highly-paid top-levelย  executives who have flown in from overseas.
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2. ํ•ด์™ธ์—์„œ ๋‚ ์•„์˜จ ๋ช‡ ๋ช…์˜ ๊ณ ์ž„๊ธˆ ์ตœ๊ณ ์œ„ ์ž„์›.
09:44
3. The tendency toward over-valuingย  and under-performing sports teams.
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3. ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ํŒ€์„ ๊ณผ๋Œ€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ ์ด ์ €์กฐํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ.
09:53
The answers are:
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๋‹ต์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
1: scissors
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1: ๊ฐ€์œ„
09:57
Number 2: executives
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2๋ฒˆ: ์ž„์›
10:01
Number 3: tendency
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3๋ฒˆ: ์„ฑํ–ฅ
10:04
Now letโ€™s try creating a sentence with theseย  noun phrases. Which form of the verb is correct?
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค . ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ๊ฐ€์š”?
10:12
1. The small yellow childrenโ€™sย  scissors on the corner of theย ย 
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1. ์กฐ์นด๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์‹ํƒ ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋…ธ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์šฉ ๊ฐ€์œ„
10:17
dining room table ____ there forย  my nieces and nephews to use.
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____ .
10:22
2. Several highly-paid top-level executives whoย ย 
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2. ํ•ด์™ธ์—์„œ ๋‚ ์•„์˜จ ____ ๊ณ ์•ก ์—ฐ๋ด‰์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„ ๋ช‡ ๋ช…์ด
10:27
have flown in from overseas ____ย  meeting in the boardroom all day.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ํšŒ์˜์‹ค์—์„œ ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
3. The tendency toward over-valuingย  and under-performing sports teams ____ย ย 
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3.
10:42
risen dramatically over the last few years.
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์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ํŒ€์„ ๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ ์ด ์ €์กฐํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
Ok, if you need a little bit more time youย  can go back and just play those questionsย ย 
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋’ค๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ
10:52
again until you have the answers, butย  now Iโ€™m going to reveal the answers.
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๋‹ต์„ ์–ป์„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•ด๋‹น ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์žฌ์ƒํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ๋‹ต์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
Number 1. The small yellow childrenโ€™s scissorsย  on the corner of the dining room table areย ย 
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1๋ฒˆ. ์‹ํƒ ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ทธ๋งˆํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์šฉ ๊ฐ€์œ„๋Š”
11:03
there for my nieces and nephews to use.ย  Scissors is a noun which is always plural.
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์กฐ์นด๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์œ„๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ธ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2
11:11
Number 2. Several highly-paid top-levelย  executives who have flown in from overseas haveย ย 
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๋ฒˆ. ํ•ด์™ธ์—์„œ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์˜จ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๊ณ ์•ก์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์€
11:19
meetings in the boardroom all day or areย  having meetings in the boardroom all day.ย 
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ํšŒ์˜์‹ค์—์„œ ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ํšŒ์˜์‹ค์—์„œ ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
Executives is a countable plural noun. Number 3.ย ย 
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Executives๋Š” ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 3๋ฒˆ. ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ํŒ€์„
11:30
The tendency toward over-valuingย  and under-performing sports teamsย ย 
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๊ณผ๋Œ€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ ์ด ์ €์กฐํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด
11:36
has risen dramatically over the lastย  few years. Tendency is a singular noun.
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๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
How did you do?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ด์…จ์–ด์š”?
11:44
Now for three more, Cambridgeย  Use of English style questions.
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์ด์ œ ์บ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์˜์–ด ์Šคํƒ€์ผ ์งˆ๋ฌธ 3๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
You have to fill in the gap with 3 - 6ย  words to make the second sentence haveย ย 
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด
11:55
the same meaning as the first sentence. Oh, andย  use the word in brackets as part of your answer.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋„๋ก 3~6๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ๋นˆ์นธ์„ ์ฑ„์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„, ๋‹ต์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ ๊ด„ํ˜ธ ์•ˆ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
12:01
Here it goes.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค.
12:03
1. There are few people in the world whoย  are said to write as well as she can.
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1. ๊ทธ๋…€๋งŒํผ ๊ธ€์„ ์ž˜ ์“ด๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
So, now, using the word โ€˜asโ€™ you need to completeย  this sentence to mean the same as the first.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด์ œ 'as'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
Few people worldwide can be calledย  as good a writer ____________.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ข‹์€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€ ____________๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:24
And the answer is: Few people worldwide can beย  called as good a writer as she is or as she can.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ต์€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋…€๋งŒํผ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:34
2. The team, who will beย  crowned all-state champions,ย ย 
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2. ์˜ฌ์Šคํ…Œ์ดํŠธ ์ฑ”ํ”ผ์–ธ์ด ๋  ํŒ€์€
12:39
is going to parade down the main street next week.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ ๋ฉ”์ธ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฅผ ํผ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
You have to complete thisย  sentence using the word โ€˜dueโ€™.
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'due'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
The soon-to-be-crowned all-state championsย  ______ parade down the main street next week.
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๊ณง ์„ ์ •๋  ์ „์ฃผ ์ฑ”ํ”ผ์–ธ์ด ______ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ ๋ฉ”์ธ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ–‰์ง„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:56
And the answer is: The soon-to-be-crownedย ย 
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๋‹ต์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณง ์™•๊ด€์„ ์“ธ ์ „์ฃผ
12:59
all-state champions are due to paradeย  down the main street next week.
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์ฑ”ํ”ผ์–ธ์ด ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ ๋ฉ”์ธ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌํŠธ์—์„œ ํ–‰์ง„ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
3. The companies have grown in a way we didย  not foresee, which has greatly contributedย ย 
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3. ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ
13:12
to reaching our targets for this quarter. You need to complete the sentence using โ€˜helpedโ€™.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'helped'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:20
This unforeseen ____________ usย  reach our targets for this quarter.
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์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ____________๋กœ ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
The answer is: This unforeseenย  growth has greatly/ or reallyย ย 
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๋‹ต์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด
13:36
helped us reach our targets for this quarter.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํฌ๊ฒŒ/๋˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:41
I hope now that noun phrases and theirย  uses and usefulness are clearer. Letย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ทธ ์šฉ๋„ ๋ฐ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์ด ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์—
13:47
me know how many of the quiz answersย  you got right in the comments below!
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ๋‹ต์„ ๋งžํ˜”๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š” !
13:51
Until next time, take care and goodbye.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ณ„์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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