EXPRESSING - THIS / THAT/ and the OTHER - Learn English with Mr Duncan #englishaddictwithmrduncan

1,196 views ใƒป 2025-05-09

English Addict with Mr Duncan


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Today I'm going to talk about three parts of daily speech that we all use
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎไฝ็ฝฎใ‚„็Šถๆ…‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ‚Š็คบใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซ ็งใŸใกๅ…จๅ“กใŒไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ—ฅๅธธไผš่ฉฑใฎ 3 ใคใฎๅ“่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™
00:05
when describing or showing the position or state of something.
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ใ€‚
00:09
Today I will tell you allย  about this, that and the other.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚„ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚„ใซใคใ„ใฆใ™ในใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:19
Although this subject might sound complicated and difficult to understand,
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ใ“ใฎไธป้กŒใฏ่ค‡้›‘ใง็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ ใ€
00:23
it is in fact quite easy to explain the definitions of this and that.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใจใ‚ใ‚Œใฎๅฎš็พฉใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ ใ€‚
00:29
First of all, the word this refers to something that has recently been mentioned.
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ใพใšใ€this ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใฏ ๆœ€่ฟ‘่จ€ๅŠใ•ใ‚ŒใŸไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใใ“ใ†ๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€
00:35
A familiar thing or a popular topic that will often be referred to as this.
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่บซ่ฟ‘ใช็‰ฉใ‚„ไบบๆฐ—ใฎ่ฉฑ้กŒ ใ€‚
00:42
It is a thing that most people are aware of or something that is easily recognizable.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ ใพใŸใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่ช่ญ˜ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
00:49
Something that is nearby or close at hand is often referred to as this.
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่ฟ‘ใใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚„ ๆ‰‹ๅ…ƒใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใใ“ใ†ๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
00:57
It is the nearest thing or the most obvious object that can be seen.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็›ฎใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚่ฟ‘ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ€ใพใŸใฏๆœ€ใ‚‚ ๆ˜Ž็™ฝใช็‰ฉไฝ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:02
The nearest thing to you that is being pointed out
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซๆœ€ใ‚‚่ฟ‘ใ„ๆŒ‡ใ—็คบใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ€
01:06
will often be referred to as this.
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ้€šๅธธใ€ๆ‰‹ใซ
01:10
Something that you are holding or have in your hand
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ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎ ใ‚„ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏ
01:13
will normally be referred to as this.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
01:16
For example, this pen, this watch, this hat.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใฎใƒšใƒณใ€ ใ“ใฎๆ™‚่จˆใ€ใ“ใฎๅธฝๅญใ€‚
01:24
These objects are nearby and can clearly be seen.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็‰ฉไฝ“ใฏ่ฟ‘ใใซใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใฏใฃใใ‚Šใจ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:29
This can also be used toย  identify a specific personย 
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
01:33
or thing that is being indicated or experienced.
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็คบใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ็ตŒ้จ“ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹็‰นๅฎšใฎไบบใ‚„็‰ฉใ‚’่ญ˜ๅˆฅใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:38
You might refer to a person as this.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไบบใ‚’ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅ‘ผใถใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:42
"Don't listen to this person, he doesn't know what he's talking about."
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ใ€Œใ“ใฎไบบใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่žใ‹ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
01:46
"This town has really changed over the years."
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ใ€Œใ“ใฎ็”บใฏ้•ทๅนดใซใ‚ใŸใฃใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ็‰นใซๅคšใใฎไบบใŒ่ฉฑ้กŒใซใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ†…ๅฎนใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€
01:50
Something recently mentioned might be referred to,
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ๆœ€่ฟ‘่จ€ๅŠใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅ†…ๅฎนใŒ ๅ‚็…งใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
01:54
especially if it is something that many people are talking about.
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ใ€‚
01:59
"This new law they are introducing will really change the way we live our lives."
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅฐŽๅ…ฅใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆณ•ๅพ‹ใฏใ€ ็งใŸใกใฎ็”Ÿๆดปๆง˜ๅผใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œ
02:05
The word this is a pronoun, which means it can beย 
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thisใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใฏไปฃๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
02:09
used as a way of identifyingย  something in a specific way.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใง่ญ˜ๅˆฅใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:15
This is the definition of this.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใใฎๅฎš็พฉใงใ™ใ€‚
02:23
Then we have the word that,
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œthatใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:24
which is a slightly more complex word.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—่ค‡้›‘ใชๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
02:27
Despite its seeming simplicity,
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ไธ€่ฆ‹ๅ˜็ด”ใใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€
02:30
'that' is a very common word in both writing and speaking.
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ใ€Œthatใ€ใฏๆ›ธใ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ‚‚่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ใงใ‚‚้žๅธธใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ ใ€‚
02:34
We use it as a determinator, (determiner) a demonstrated pronoun, and a relative pronoun.
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้™ๅฎš่ฉžใ€ ๆŒ‡็คบไปฃๅ่ฉžใ€้–ขไฟ‚ไปฃๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:41
We also use it as a conjunction to introduceย 
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ใพใŸใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€
02:44
clauses referring to that asย  a determinator and pronoun.
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้™ๅฎš่ฉžใ‚„ไปฃๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ™็ฏ€ใ‚’ๅฐŽๅ…ฅใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:51
We often use that to point to a thing or person.
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็‰ฉใ‚„ไบบใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ™ใจใใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
02:55
We use it with singular nouns.
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ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใจไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:58
The single person is oftenย  distant from the speakerย 
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ไธ€ไบบใฎไบบ็‰ฉใฏใ€ ่ฉฑใ—ๆ‰‹ใ‹ใ‚‰้ ใ้›ขใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ
03:02
and sometimes closer to the listener,
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ใ€่žใๆ‰‹ใซ่ฟ‘ใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚
03:05
or not visible to eitherย  the speaker or the listener.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่ฉฑใ—ๆ‰‹ใซใ‚‚่žใๆ‰‹ใซใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
03:09
"What was that?" "Did you hear that noise?"
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"ไฝ•ใ ใฃใฆ๏ผŸ" ใ€Œใ‚ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€
03:14
"Don't touch that bike. It belongs to me."
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ใ€Œใใฎ่‡ช่ปข่ปŠใซ่งฆใ‚‰ใชใ„ใงใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ€‚ใ€ ้ ใใ‹ใ‚‰
03:17
A thing being pointed out or referred to at a distance is often referred to as that.
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ๆŒ‡ใ—็คบใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚Š่จ€ๅŠใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹็‰ฉไบ‹ใฏใ€ ใ—ใฐใ—ใฐใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
03:28
As a relative pronoun, we use that to introduce defining relative clauses.
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้–ขไฟ‚ไปฃๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใ€ ้–ขไฟ‚็ฏ€ใ‚’ๅฎš็พฉใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไบบใ€ๅ‹•็‰ฉใ€็‰ฉใชใฉใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ™ใจใใฏใ€
03:33
We can use that instead of who, whom or which to refer to people, animals, and things.
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whoใ€whomใ€which ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ that ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:41
It is often seen as an informal way of pointing out a living creature or a person.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็”Ÿใ็‰ฉใ‚„ไบบ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ™้žๅ…ฌๅผใชๆ–นๆณ•ใจใ—ใฆใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:47
It is worth noting that we are more likely to use that when referring to an animal or an object.
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ๅ‹•็‰ฉใ‚„็‰ฉใซใคใ„ใฆ่จ€ๅŠใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ“ใฎ่กจ็พใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใ“ใจใฏๆณจ็›ฎใซๅ€คใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:55
In many situations, it mightย  be seen as insulting or rudeย 
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไบบใ‚’ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ ไพฎ่พฑ็š„ใพใŸใฏๅคฑ็คผใ ใจ่ฆ‹ใชใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
03:59
to describe a person as that.
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ใ€‚
04:02
"Who is that at the door?" "That is my friend."
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ใ€Œใƒ‰ใ‚ขใฎๅ‰ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ่ชฐใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎๅ‹้”ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
04:07
"I really don't want to beย  seen in public with that."
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ใ€Œ ใใ‚“ใชๅงฟใงไบบๅ‰ใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ€‚ใ€
04:11
If we are discussing two things that are at different distances from us,
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰็•ฐใชใ‚‹่ท้›ขใซใ‚ใ‚‹ 2 ใคใฎ็‰ฉใซใคใ„ใฆ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
04:17
we will often refer to the nearest thing as this and the object furthest away as that.
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ๆœ€ใ‚‚่ฟ‘ใ„็‰ฉใ‚’ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ€ ใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚้ ใ„็‰ฉใ‚’ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใจๅ‘ผใถใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:25
For example, this tree and that field.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใฎๆœจใจใ‚ใฎ็•‘ใ€‚
04:33
The field is much further away, so I will refer to it as that.
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ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ใฏใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ้ ใ„ ใฎใงใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใใ†ๅ‘ผใถใ“ใจใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:39
Quite often the distanceย  and location of objects willย 
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ็‰ฉไฝ“ใฎ่ท้›ขใจไฝ็ฝฎใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ€
04:42
decide whether we describe it as this or that.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ“ใ‚Œใจ่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Œใจ่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒๆฑบใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:45
The situation you are currently in will always be described as this,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็พๅœจ ใ„ใ‚‹็Šถๆณใฏๅธธใซใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
04:51
This moment, this situation, this time it is now, It is the moment being discussed.
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ใ“ใฎ็žฌ้–“ใ€ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใ€ใ“ใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ€ไปŠใŒ ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹็žฌ้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฎ
05:01
If you want to describe the use or function of a certain thing,
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็”จ้€”ใ‚„ๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€
05:06
we will often use the word that.
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that ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:09
"A wheelbarrow is a very useful thing that helps you move heavy objects around the garden."
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ใ€Œๆ‰‹ๆŠผใ—่ปŠใฏ ๅบญใง้‡ใ„็‰ฉใ‚’็งปๅ‹•ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใฎใซใจใฆใ‚‚ไพฟๅˆฉใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
05:15
You are pointing out the useย  of that particular thing.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฎไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:19
In this case, the thing is a wheelbarrow.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใฎ็‰ฉไฝ“ใฏๆ‰‹ๆŠผใ—่ปŠใงใ™ใ€‚
05:26
Finally we have the word which is often used
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€
05:28
when we are talking about a third thing that might be introduced,
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ๅฐŽๅ…ฅใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ 3 ใค็›ฎใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ€ใพใŸใฏ
05:32
or a second thing that is also being described or offered.
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่ชฌๆ˜ŽใพใŸใฏๆไพ›ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ 2 ใค็›ฎใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
05:37
The word is other but simplyย  this word refers to something
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otherใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€ๅ˜ใซ
05:42
that is next to, or beside theย  main thing being discussed.
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่ญฐ่ซ–ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไธปใชไบ‹ๆŸ„ใฎ้šฃใ€ใพใŸใฏใใฎๆจชใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ…ˆๆ—ฅใฎๅคœใ‚„ๅ…ˆๆ—ฅใฎใ“ใจ
05:47
You might talk about theย  other night or the other day.
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ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
05:52
We are not referring to now or today.
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็งใŸใกใŒ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ไปŠใ‚„ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:55
We are talking about the other day.
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ๅ…ˆๆ—ฅใฎไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:58
In this sense, it is alwaysย  a past event or moment.
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ใ“ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅธธใซ ้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใพใŸใฏ็žฌ้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:03
"I saw you the other day in town."
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ใ€Œๅ…ˆๆ—ฅใ€่ก—ใงใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‹ใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใ€‚ใ€
06:07
Perhaps you see someone from a distance with a person you don't recognise.
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้ ใใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใจ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ไบบใŒไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚
06:13
You know who your friend is, but who is the other person?
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ๅ‹้”ใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใฏๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€ไป–ใฎไบบใฏ่ชฐใงใ™ใ‹?
06:18
The other person is thereย  but cannot be identified.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ไบบใฎไบบ็‰ฉใฏใใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€่บซๅ…ƒใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
06:23
Other is always something else or another thing.
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ใใฎไป–ใ€ใฏๅธธใซไฝ•ใ‹ไป–ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ€ใพใŸใฏๅˆฅใฎไบ‹็‰ฉใงใ™ใ€‚
06:27
Something unknown is oftenย  referred to as the other.
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ๆœช็Ÿฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ—ใฐใ—ใฐใ€Œ ใใฎไป–ใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
06:32
We often refer to the state of no longer being alive as being on the other side.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€ใ‚‚ใฏใ‚„็”Ÿใใฆใ„ใชใ„็Šถๆ…‹ใ‚’ใ€ ใ‚ใฎไธ–ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ‚ˆใ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:39
That thing is mysterious and unknown.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็ฅž็ง˜็š„ใงๆœช็Ÿฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ€‚ 2 ใคใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒ
06:43
It is the other thing when being offered a choice of two things.
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ๆ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏๅˆฅใฎๅ•้กŒใงใ™ ใ€‚
06:49
You might be asked to choose one or the other.
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ไธ€ๆ–นใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:53
You can't have both.
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ไธกๆ–นใ‚’ๅŒๆ™‚ใซๆŒใคใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:55
You can only have one or the other.
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ไธ€ๆ–นใฎใฟ้ธๆŠžใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:00
So to clarify and make extra clear what I have talked about today.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅ็งใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใŸๅ†…ๅฎนใ‚’ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ—ใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
07:06
This is the thing being discussed or observed closely.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ•ใ‚Œ ใ€็ถฟๅฏ†ใซ่ฆณๅฏŸใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบ‹็‰ฉใงใ™ใ€‚
07:11
That is the thing which is seen from a distance,
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้ ใใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
07:14
or from a point where itย  can't be seen or observed.
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ใพใŸใฏ ่ฆ‹ใˆใŸใ‚Š่ฆณๅฏŸใ—ใŸใ‚Šใงใใชใ„ๅœฐ็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
07:18
And the other is whatever is added to it.
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใซไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
07:22
The extra thing is unknown.
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ไฝ™ๅˆ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใฏไธๆ˜Žใงใ™ใ€‚
07:26
It is an unknown event, something mysterious that remains in the shadow.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆœช็Ÿฅใฎๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๅฝฑใซ้š ใ‚ŒใŸ่ฌŽใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
07:33
It is the other.
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ใใ‚Œใฏไป–ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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