To CUT SHORT using Abbreviations - @EnglishAddict - Mr Duncan - Lesson/CHAT - Wed 12th OCT 2022

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2022-10-12 ใƒป English Addict with Mr Duncan


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To CUT SHORT using Abbreviations - @EnglishAddict - Mr Duncan - Lesson/CHAT - Wed 12th OCT 2022

4,559 views ใƒป 2022-10-12

English Addict with Mr Duncan


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

03:24
I am all on my own today.
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็งใฏไปŠๆ—ฅใ€ไธ€ไบบใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:27
I am by myself.
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็งใฏไธ€ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
03:29
I am on my Tod.
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็งใฏ็งใฎใƒˆใƒƒใƒ‰ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:32
Mr. Steve isn't here today.
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ–ใ•ใ‚“ใฏไปŠๆ—ฅใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:35
He's gone to do something
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ๅฝผใฏไฝ•ใ‹ไธๆ„‰ๅฟซใงๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸ
03:39
rather unpleasant and a little sad.
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ใ€‚
03:44
Here we go again.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใพใŸใ‹ใ€‚
03:45
We are back once more on a beautiful autumnal day.
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็พŽใ—ใ„็ง‹ใฎๆ—ฅใซใพใŸๆˆปใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:48
It is windy, it is cool.
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้ขจใŒๅผทใใ€ๆถผใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:51
It is a little bit wet as well.
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ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆฟกใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:53
But don't worry, I am here to cheer all of that up because it's English addict
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€็งใฏใใฎใ™ในใฆใ‚’ๅ…ƒๆฐ—ใฅใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่‹ฑ่ชž
03:59
coming to you once more from the birthplace of the English language, which just happens to be
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ใฎ็™บ็ฅฅใฎๅœฐใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ†ใณ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎไธญๆฏ’่€…ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซใ‚„ใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰
04:04
this is what is left of England. Uh.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚
04:23
Hi, everybody.
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ใฟใชใ•ใ‚“ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚
04:25
This is Mr.
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04:26
Duncan in England.
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎใƒ€ใƒณใ‚ซใƒณใ•ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:29
How are you today?
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๅ…ƒๆฐ—ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:30
Are you okay?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅคงไธˆๅคซ๏ผŸ
04:31
I hope so. Are you happy?
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ใใ†ใ ใจใ„ใ„ใ€‚ ๅนธใ›ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:33
I hope you are happy.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅนธใ›ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅ
04:35
Before I do anything else today, can I ask you to click that
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ไฝ•ใ‹ไป–ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ใ„ใ„ใญใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณ ใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใงใใพใ™ใ‹?
04:39
like button, please click
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04:42
your like button right now to show that you care.
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ไปŠใ™ใใ„ใ„ใญใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ€ๆฐ—ใซใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:46
And also, hopefully YouTube will
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ใพใŸใ€ใ†ใพใใ„ใ‘ใฐใ€YouTube ใŒ
04:50
activate the algorithm
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04:52
on my YouTube channel so other people can get to share
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็งใฎ YouTube ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใงใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ดใƒชใ‚บใƒ ใ‚’ๆœ‰ๅŠนใซใ—ใฆใ€ไป–ใฎไบบใŒ
04:57
their love of English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใธใฎๆ„›ใ‚’ๅˆ†ใ‹ใกๅˆใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:00
My name is Mr. Duncan. I love English.
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็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใƒ€ใƒณใ‚ซใƒณใ•ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
05:03
I am one of those up there.
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็งใฏใใฎไธญใฎไธ€ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
05:04
I am an English addict.
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็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžไธญๆฏ’ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:06
I like English very much.
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็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใŒใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใงไฝฟใ†
05:08
All of the letters, all of the words, all of the phrases
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ใ™ในใฆใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ€ ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ˜่ชžใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บ
05:13
that we use in the English language, I love them all.
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ใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
05:17
If I was completely honest with you, I wish I could marry every single one of them.
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็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซๅฎŒๅ…จใซๆญฃ็›ดใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ็งใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ๅ…จๅ“กใจ็ตๅฉšใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ„ใ„ใฎใซใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™.
05:24
Here we are.
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:25
Yes, we have made it all the way to the middle of the week.
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ใฏใ„ ใ€้€ฑใฎๅŠใฐใพใงใ‚„ใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:28
I hope you have had a good week.
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่‰ฏใ„ไธ€้€ฑ้–“ใ‚’ใŠ้Žใ”ใ—ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:33
Where do I begin
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็ง
05:37
to tell the story of the world we are living in?
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ใŸใกใŒไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ไธ–็•Œใฎ็‰ฉ่ชžใ‚’ใฉใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰่ชžใ‚Šๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ‹?
05:42
That's almost like a song, isn't it?
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ใใ‚Œใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉๆญŒใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
05:45
I suppose I could.
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ใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:46
I could put some music to that.
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ใใ‚Œใซ้Ÿณๆฅฝใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ไธ–็•ŒใŒๆททไนฑ
05:48
Where do I begin
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05:50
to tell the story of
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ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†่ฉฑใ‚’ใฉใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„
05:53
the mess the world is in?
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ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
05:57
It is really.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:59
So that's the introduction. Over with.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใง็ดนไป‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปฅไธŠใงใ™ใ€‚
06:01
My name is Duncan. I love English.
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็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใƒ€ใƒณใ‚ซใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
06:03
You might say that I am an English addict, as I just said.
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ไปŠ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžไธญๆฏ’่€…ใ ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
06:07
Well, I'm saying it again.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:09
Oh dear.
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ใพใ‚ใ€‚
06:11
I'm having a technical problem already.
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็งใฏใ™ใงใซๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใชๅ•้กŒใ‚’ๆŠฑใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:15
There's always something, isn't there, to go wrong?
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ใ†ใพใใ„ใ‹ใชใ„ใ“ใจใฏๅธธใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
06:17
There is. There is, definitely.
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€้–“้•ใ„ใชใใ€‚
06:19
Mm hmm.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚
06:21
Yes, we have made it all the way to the middle of the week.
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ใฏใ„ ใ€้€ฑใฎๅŠใฐใพใงใ‚„ใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:24
It is.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:25
Oh, look, it's Wednesday, everyone.
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ใปใ‚‰ใ€ๆฐดๆ›œๆ—ฅใงใ™ใ‚ˆ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:42
Baby, baby, baby, baby, baby, baby, baby,
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่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ€่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ€่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ€่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ€่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ€่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ€่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ€
06:44
baby, baby.
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่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ€่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ€‚
06:49
Technology already is being a pain in the neck.
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ใƒ†ใ‚ฏใƒŽใƒญใ‚ธใƒผใฏใ™ใงใซ้ ญใฎ็—›ใ„ๅ•้กŒใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:55
Oh, you stupid device.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฐใ‹ใ’ใŸใƒ‡ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
06:58
I'm going to try and get this to work.
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็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ•ใ›ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:59
If it kills me.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใ‚’ๆฎบใ™ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
07:03
Oh, okay. Now, you. Come on.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ€‚ ๆฅใฆใ€‚
07:06
That's nice of you.
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ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
07:07
I don't want it now.
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ไปŠใฏๆฌฒใ—ใใชใ„ใ€‚
07:09
No, I don't want it now.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ไปŠใฏใ—ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:11
You can go now. That's it.
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ไปŠใ™ใ่กŒใฃใฆใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใงใŠใ—ใพใ„ใ€‚
07:13
What I actually want is this.
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็งใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใฎใฏใ“ใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚
07:16
Yeah, that's what I actually wanted.
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ใˆใˆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซๆฌฒใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
07:19
Computer
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ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผ
07:22
people always say computers one day will rule the world.
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้–ขไฟ‚่€…ใฏใ€ใ„ใคใฎ ๆ—ฅใ‹ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใŒไธ–็•Œใ‚’ๆ”ฏ้…ใ™ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:25
I don't think it's going to happen.
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็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใจใฏๆ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใ€‚
07:28
Even simple buttons that you press with your finger don't work.
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ๆŒ‡ใงๆŠผใ™ๅ˜็ด”ใชใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใงใ•ใˆๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ— ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:32
So I doubt that technology
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07:35
is going to take over the planet in the near future.
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่ฟ‘ใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅใ€ใƒ†ใ‚ฏใƒŽใƒญใ‚ธใƒผใŒๅœฐ็ƒใ‚’ๆ”ฏ้…ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใจใฏๆ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:39
I don't think it's going to happen. I really don't.
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็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใจใฏๆ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใ€‚ ็งใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:42
I don't think so.
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็งใฏใใ†ใฏๆ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใ€‚
07:43
I don't believe it.
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ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
07:44
You see, I don't think it's true.
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ใปใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใ ใจใฏๆ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใ€‚
07:48
Autumn has arrived
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็ง‹ใŒใ‚„ใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๆ™ฏ่‰ฒ
07:49
and it's really nice to see so much Autumn around in the air
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ใ‚„้Ÿณใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็ฉบๆฐ—ไธญใซใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ็ง‹ใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™
07:55
from the sights and also the sounds.
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ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใชใ100๏ผ…็ง‹ใซ
07:58
Everything is looking rather nice, right now
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ใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ™ในใฆใŒใ‹ใชใ‚Š่‰ฏใ•ใใ†ใงใ™
08:01
because we are definitely 100% in autumn.
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.
08:07
And I was out yesterday walking around doing some filming.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅ ใ€ๆ’ฎๅฝฑใฎใŸใ‚ใซๆญฉใๅ›žใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:10
Would you like to see what I filmed
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็งใŒๆ’ฎๅฝฑใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใซใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹
10:47
All of that was filmed yesterday whilst out walking
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ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€ๆ•ฃๆญฉไธญใซๆ’ฎๅฝฑใ—ใŸ
10:50
and it was a lovely day
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ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏใจใฆใ‚‚็ง‹ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„็ด ๆ•ตใชๆ—ฅใงใ—ใŸ
10:54
yesterday, very autumnal.
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ใ€‚
10:58
It feels as if autumn is in the air, lots of lovely sights
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ใพใ‚‹ใง็ง‹ใŒ่ฟ‘ใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ็ด ๆ•ตใชๆ™ฏ่‰ฒ
11:02
and one or two interesting sounds as well.
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ใจ 1 ใคใพใŸใฏ 2 ใคใฎ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„้Ÿณใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:06
Mainly Mr.
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ไธปใซใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ–ใ•ใ‚“ใŒ
11:07
Steve walking along, complaining about things basically.
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ใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซๆ–‡ๅฅใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใชใŒใ‚‰ๆญฉใ„ใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:13
It's very nice to have you here today.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใฆใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚
11:15
A very strange day.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใชๆ—ฅใ€‚
11:16
In fact, a lot of things happening around the UK, across
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ๅฎŸ้š› ใ€่‹ฑๅ›ฝใ€
11:20
England, Wales, Northern Ireland, everywhere, and also Scotland as well.
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ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒผใƒซใ‚บใ€ๅŒ—ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒซใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใชใฉใ€ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ€ ใใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ณใƒƒใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใงใ‚‚ๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:25
Mustn't forget that Europe, Asia,
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ใƒจใƒผใƒญใƒƒใƒ‘ใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ€
11:31
South America, North America, Iceland, the North Pole.
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ๅ—ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใ€ๅŒ—ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใ€ๅŒ—ๆฅตใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:35
I wonder I wonder if I have anyone watching
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11:41
in the North Pole
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11:43
and or in the Arctic
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ๅŒ—ๆฅตใ‚„ๅŒ—ๆฅต
11:46
or the Antarctic, which is down there somewhere.
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ใ€ๅ—ๆฅตใฎใฉใ“ใ‹ใง่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
11:49
I wonder I wonder if I have people watching
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้ ใ้›ขใ‚ŒใŸๅ ดๆ‰€ใง่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‹
11:53
in very far off places.
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ใ€‚
11:55
I've always wondered that.
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็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’็–‘ๅ•ใซๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:57
I wonder what the most remote place on earth
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ๅœฐ็ƒไธŠใงๆœ€ใ‚‚้›ขใ‚ŒใŸๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ€
12:01
is that you can actually get an Internet signal of any type.
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ๅฎŸ้š› ใซใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็จฎ้กžใฎใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆไฟกๅทใ‚’ๅ—ไฟกใงใใ‚‹ใฎใฏใฉใ“ใ ใ‚ใ†.
12:06
I wonder,
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ใใ†ๆ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใฏ
12:08
have you ever thought that?
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:10
Probably not.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:11
Maybe in that video clip you just watched, you may have noticed some squirrels running around.
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ๅ…ˆใปใฉใ”่ฆงใซใชใฃใŸใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ช ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใƒ—ใฎ ไธญใงใ€ใƒชใ‚นใŒ่ตฐใ‚Šๅ›žใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใซๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:16
Did you know you might not realise this?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใ‹ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
12:20
And it isn't very nice, by the way, what I'm about to say.
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ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€็งใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰่จ€ใŠใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ„ใ„ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:23
But you can actually shoot and kill grey squirrels in this country.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ›ฝใงใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใƒใ‚คใ‚คใƒญใƒชใ‚นใ‚’ๆ’ƒใกๆฎบใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
12:29
Anyone can, because they are classed as a pest.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฎณ่™ซใจใ—ใฆๅˆ†้กžใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€่ชฐใงใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
12:34
Because many years ago we used to have red squirrels
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ไฝ•ๅนดใ‚‚ๅ‰ใ€็งใŸใก
12:37
in this country, lots of red squirrels everywhere.
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ใฏใ“ใฎๅ›ฝใซใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒชใ‚นใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€ใ„ใŸใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใซใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒชใ‚นใŒใ„ใพใ—ใŸ.
12:41
But then someone decided to bring
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใฎๅพŒใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใƒใ‚คใ‚คใƒญใƒชใ‚นใ‚’้€ฃใ‚Œใฆใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ—
12:45
some grey squirrels over.
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ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
12:48
And since that moment of time, grey
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ใใ—ใฆใใฎ็žฌ้–“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็ฐ่‰ฒใฎ
12:50
squirrels have pushed all of the red squirrels away.
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ใƒชใ‚นใŒใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒชใ‚นใ‚’ใ™ในใฆๆŠผใ—ใฎใ‘ใพใ—ใŸ.
12:54
In fact, in many cases, large parts of this country
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ›ฝใฎๅคง้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใฏใ€
12:57
now have no red squirrels at all
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็ฐ่‰ฒใฎใƒชใ‚นใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒชใ‚นใŒใพใฃใŸใใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
13:00
because of the grey squirrels.
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ใ€‚
13:03
So we have everyone, if they want to,
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่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒๆœ›ใ‚€ใชใ‚‰ใ€
13:08
they can actually kill grey squirrels.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใƒใ‚คใ‚คใƒญใƒชใ‚นใ‚’ๆฎบใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:11
So whatever your viewpoint
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ
13:13
is on animals and animal cruelty, it is a very strange law.
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ใ€ๅ‹•็‰ฉใ‚„ๅ‹•็‰ฉ่™ๅพ…ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ฆ‹ๆ–นใŒใฉใ†ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใชๆณ•ๅพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:19
It isn't one that I really agree with.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅŒๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:21
I will be honest with you.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๆญฃ็›ดใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:22
I don't think it's very nice to allow everyone just to pick on
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่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒใƒฃใƒผใ‚’้ธใถใ“ใจใ‚’่จฑๅฏใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใฏใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
13:26
one certain type of creature.
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.
13:29
I don't think so.
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็งใฏใใ†ใฏๆ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใ€‚
13:30
I don't think it's very nice.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใจใฏๆ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:31
What do you think? So we are allowed everyone.
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ใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŸใกใฏ่ชฐใงใ‚‚่จฑๅฏใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:35
If you feel like going into your garden
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ๅบญใซ่กŒใฃ
13:38
and killing a squirrel, you can.
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ใฆใƒชใ‚นใ‚’ๆฎบใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:40
But you have to do it in a nice way.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่‰ฏใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใง่กŒใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:42
Apparently that's the only rule that they have.
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ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใ‚‰ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
13:46
You have to kill the squirrel nicely.
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ใƒชใ‚นใ‚’ไธŠๆ‰‹ใซๆฎบใ•ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:50
I'm not joking.
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ๅ†—่ซ‡ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ€‚
13:53
Very strange.
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้žๅธธใซๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใชใ€‚
13:54
Hello, everyone. It's nice to see you here.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใŠไผšใ„ใงใใฆใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:57
Who was first on today's live chat?
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒˆใงๆœ€ๅˆใซ็™ปๅ ดใ—ใŸใฎใฏ่ชฐ?
13:59
Oh, very interesting.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใ€‚
14:01
The champion is back, everyone.
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒ”ใ‚ชใƒณใŒๅธฐใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:04
Vitesse, you are first on today's
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Vitesse ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ– ใ‚นใƒˆใƒชใƒผใƒ ใฎไธ€็•ชไน—ใ‚Šใงใ™
14:06
Live Stream.
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ใ€‚
14:16
Congratulations, Vitesse.
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ใŠใ‚ใงใจใ†ใ€ใƒดใ‚ฃใƒ†ใƒƒใ‚ปใ€‚
14:18
You are first. Once again, you went.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœ€ๅˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่กŒใโ€‹โ€‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:20
You are at the top of the pile, as they say.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฑฑใฎไธŠใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:24
Very nice to see you today.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใŠไผšใ„ใงใใฆใจใฆใ‚‚ใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:26
I've just noticed.
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็งใฏใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใŸใ€‚
14:27
I've just realised I haven't had a shave this morning.
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ไปŠๆœๅ‰ƒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใซไปŠๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:31
I hope you don't mind my untidy appearance.
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็งใฎใ ใ‚‰ใ—ใฎใชใ„ๅค–่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆฐ—ใซใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:37
A person who looks a little untidy
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่บซใ ใ—ใชใฟใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ไนฑ้›‘ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ไบบ
14:41
or messy with their appearance
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14:44
can be described as unkempt.
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ใฏใ€ใƒœใ‚ตใƒœใ‚ตใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
14:47
It's a very strange word, unkempt.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใช่จ€่‘‰ใงใ€ใƒœใ‚ตใƒœใ‚ตใงใ™ใ€‚
14:50
So if a person is unkempt,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไบบใŒใƒœใ‚ตใƒœใ‚ตใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใใฎไบบใŒ
14:53
it means they look a little scruffy, untidy.
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‚‰ใ—ใชใใ€ใ ใ‚‰ใ—ใชใ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:58
They haven't taken much care with their appearance.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅค–่ฆ‹ใซใ‚ใพใ‚Šๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:02
They look unkempt.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒœใ‚ตใƒœใ‚ตใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
15:05
It's a great word that I like it a lot.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฅฝใใช่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:08
Hello, Claudia.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใ€‚
15:09
Old Claudia is here, everyone.
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใ˜ใ„ใ•ใ‚“ใŒๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
15:11
I'm very excited that Claudia is now here, because I suppose
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ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใŒใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใจใฆใ‚‚่ˆˆๅฅฎใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€
15:16
I should ask that very important question
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็งใŒๆฏŽ้€ฑๅฐ‹ใญใŸใ„้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใช่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰
15:20
that I like to ask every single week.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:23
The question is, what's cooking?
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ๅ•้กŒใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ–™็†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:26
Claudia What have you got in the pot?
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ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ข ใƒใƒƒใƒˆใซใฏไฝ•ใŒๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
15:29
What's cooking?
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ๆ–™็†ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
15:30
Claudia Is it something spicy and hot?
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ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ข ใ‚นใƒ‘ใ‚คใ‚ทใƒผใงใƒ›ใƒƒใƒˆใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
15:34
Is it something salty or not?
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ๅกฉ่พ›ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
15:36
Oh, Claudia,
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ข
15:39
what is in the pot? Oh,
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ใ€้‹ใซใฏไฝ•ใŒๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ‚‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‚
15:48
what is in the pot?
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ใ€้‹ใซใฏไฝ•ใŒๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
15:49
Claudia, please let us know what is cooking today or anyone for that matter.
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ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎๆ–™็†ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
15:54
If you are cooking something nice, if you have something nice
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็พŽๅ‘ณใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ–นใ€้‹ใฎไธญใงๆณก็ซ‹ใฃใฆ็…ฎ ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐๆ•™ใˆใฆ
15:59
bubbling, simmering in your
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16:02
pot, please let me know.
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:06
Hello also to that seeker
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ใใฎใ‚ทใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใซใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ใพใŸ
16:09
and we have returning once again.
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ๆˆปใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
16:13
It is Louis man that is his here today.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใƒซใ‚ค็”ทใงใ™ใ€‚
16:17
Hello, Louis. Nice to see you back also.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใƒซใ‚คใ‚นใ€‚ ใพใŸใŠไผšใ„ใงใใฆใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:20
So what is cooking in your pot today?
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ใงใฏใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ้‹ใงไฝ•ใ‚’่ชฟ็†ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
16:23
Claudia, please let me know.
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ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใ€็งใซ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:25
Magdalena is here, apparently
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ใƒžใ‚ฐใƒ€ใƒฌใƒŠใŒใ“ใ“ใซ
16:29
watching in her workplace.
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ใ„ใฆใ€่ทๅ ดใง่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:33
I can never remember where you work, Magdalena.
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ใƒžใ‚ฐใƒ€ใƒฌใƒŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใฉใ“ใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใ‹ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:36
I'm sure you've mentioned it in the past,
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ไปฅๅ‰
16:39
but I can't quite remember where you work.
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ใ‚‚ใŠใฃใ—ใ‚ƒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใฉใ“ใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚ˆใๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:42
I can't remember everything you say.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ในใฆๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:44
My brain is very small, as you know.
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ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็งใฎ่„ณใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฐใ•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:47
I can't remember all the things.
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ใ™ในใฆใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:50
Rosa is here.
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ใƒญใƒผใ‚ถใฏใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:51
Hello, everyone.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใ€‚
16:52
Happy children's Day. Yes,
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ใ“ใฉใ‚‚ใฎๆ—ฅใŠใ‚ใงใจใ†ใ€‚ ใฏใ„ใ€
16:56
apparently today is Children's Day.
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ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใ‚‰ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ“ใฉใ‚‚ใฎๆ—ฅใงใ™ใ€‚
17:00
So hello to all the children watching
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่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎๅญไพ›ใŸใกใ€
17:04
and also all of the grown up children as well.
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ใใ—ใฆใ™ในใฆใฎๆˆ้•ทใ—ใŸๅญไพ›ใŸใกใซใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚
17:07
Because we are all children really, aren't we?
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็งใŸใกใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใฟใ‚“ใชๅญไพ›ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚
17:11
We all have an inner child. Child.
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็งใŸใกใฏ็š†ใ€ใ‚คใƒณใƒŠใƒผใƒใƒฃใ‚คใƒซใƒ‰ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅญใ€‚
17:14
Sometimes we feel like doing something childish.
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ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ๅญไพ›ใฃใฝใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใŸใใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:18
Maybe you see some leaves in a field
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ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€ๅœฐ้ขใซ่ฝใกใฆใ„ใ‚‹่‘‰ใ‚’้‡ŽๅŽŸใง
17:23
lying on the ground and you want to run
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่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆใ€
17:26
and you want to kick the leaves around.
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่ตฐใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€่‘‰ใ‚’่นดใ‚Š้ฃ›ใฐใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:29
Well, maybe you see a giant pedal in the street
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้€šใ‚Šใงๅทจๅคงใชใƒšใƒ€ใƒซใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ
17:34
and you think to yourself,
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17:37
I would love to dance in that puddle.
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ใ€ใใฎๆฐดใŸใพใ‚Šใง่ธŠใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:42
That's is very childish
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ใใ‚Œใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅนผ็จš
18:20
to do.
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ใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
18:22
I only have one thing to say to that, and that is
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ไธ€ใคใ ใ‘่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
18:26
meatballs.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚ŒใฏใƒŸใƒผใƒˆใƒœใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
18:30
Apparently, Claudia has meatballs
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ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใฏ
18:33
in the oven with potatoes.
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ใ‚ชใƒผใƒ–ใƒณใซใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฌใ‚คใƒขใจไธ€็ท’ใซใƒŸใƒผใƒˆใƒœใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™.
18:36
Can I just say once again, I am very jealous.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ ใ‘่จ€ใฃใฆใŠใใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅซ‰ๅฆฌใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:41
Last week, Claudia was on holiday on the beach, and I felt rather envious.
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ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ€ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใฏใƒ“ใƒผใƒใงไผ‘ๆš‡ใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใง ใ€็งใฏใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ†ใ‚‰ใ‚„ใพใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
18:46
Today, Claudia has meatballs in the oven.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€ใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใฏใ‚ชใƒผใƒ–ใƒณใซใƒŸใƒผใƒˆใƒœใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:51
And guess what?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’ๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
18:52
I'm also feeling rather envious right now.
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็งใ‚‚ไปŠใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ็พจใพใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:55
I hope you enjoy your meatballs very much.
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ใƒŸใƒผใƒˆใƒœใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:58
A lot of people make meatballs with pork, sometimes with lamb.
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ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒ่ฑš่‚‰ใงใƒŸใƒผใƒˆใƒœใƒผใƒซใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Š ใ€ใƒฉใƒ ่‚‰ใงไฝœใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
19:03
Sometimes I think you can have them as beef as well.
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็‰›่‚‰ใจใ—ใฆ้ฃŸในใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
19:07
You can make any meat.
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ใฉใ‚“ใช่‚‰ใงใ‚‚ไฝœใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
19:08
Any meat, I suppose, into meatballs.
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ใฉใ‚“ใช่‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใƒŸใƒผใƒˆใƒœใƒผใƒซใซใชใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:12
And I suppose also there is a vegetarian alternative as well.
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ใพใŸ ใ€ใƒ™ใ‚ธใ‚ฟใƒชใ‚ขใƒณใฎไปฃๆ›ฟๅ“ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:16
If you don't like eating meat, you can have vegetable meatballs
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่‚‰ใŒ่‹ฆๆ‰‹ ใชๆ–นใฏใ€ใƒ™ใ‚ธใ‚ฟใƒ–ใƒซใƒŸใƒผใƒˆใƒœใƒผใƒซ
19:21
or vegetarian meatballs, I suppose.
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ใ‚„ใƒ™ใ‚ธใ‚ฟใƒชใ‚ขใƒณใƒŸใƒผใƒˆใƒœใƒผใƒซใงใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:25
Hello, Vitality. Kay. Hello.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ๆดปๅŠ›ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฑใ‚คใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚
19:28
Hola to you as well.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚
19:31
Very nice to see you here.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใŠไผšใ„ใงใใฆใจใฆใ‚‚ใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:34
And Aki is also here on the live chat today.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒˆใซใฏใ‚ขใ‚ญใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:38
We are looking at abbreviations and something we haven't
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็งใŸใกใฏ็•ฅ่ชžใจใ€็•ฅ่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆ้•ทใ„้–“่ญฐ่ซ–ใ— ใฆใ“ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’
19:41
discussed for a long time
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ๆคœ่จŽใ—
19:44
for abbreviations when we decide
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19:48
that saying many, many things is too much effort,
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19:53
well, I often think that abbreviations
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19:56
are a type of laziness because quite often we use abbreviations
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ใฆใ„ใพใ™
20:02
instead of saying the whole sentence or the whole phrase.
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ๆ–‡ๅ…จไฝ“ใพใŸใฏใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ ใ€‚
20:07
So we do often use a brief evasions when we want to shorten
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€็Ÿญใใ— ใŸใ„
20:12
or when we want to make something shorter,
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ใจใใ€ใพใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿญใใ—ใŸใ„ใจใ
20:15
a type of sentence or phrase.
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ใ€ๆ–‡ใ‚„ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใ‚’็Ÿญใใ—ใŸใ„ใจใใซใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใชๅ›ž้ฟใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:18
We use abbreviations.
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็•ฅ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:24
Hello Rosa.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใƒญใƒผใ‚ถใงใ™ใ€‚
20:25
Hello. Also too. Who else is here today?
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใซใ‚‚ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏไป–ใซ่ชฐใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
20:28
Hello, Tom.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใƒˆใƒ ใ€‚
20:30
Tom Rocks.
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ใƒˆใƒ ใƒปใƒญใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ€‚
20:31
Nice to see you back here as well.
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ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใซใ‚‚ใŠไผšใ„ใงใใฆใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:34
I'm always pleased to see people who have not been on my live stream for a long time.
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้•ทใ„้–“็งใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ– ใ‚นใƒˆใƒชใƒผใƒ ใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸไบบใŸใกใซไผšใˆใฆใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅฌ‰ใ—ใๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:40
It is always nice to welcome you back as well.
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ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅ…ƒๆฐ—ใซใŠ่ฟŽใˆใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:45
It's lovely outside.
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ๅค–ใฏ็ด ๆ•ตใงใ™ใ€‚
20:47
I want to show you some more views outside.
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ๅค–ใฎๆ™ฏ่‰ฒใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใจใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:49
Look at that.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€‚
20:53
Isn't that lovely?
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็ด ๆ•ตใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
20:56
Everything is looking rather autumnal
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20:59
outside my studio window right now.
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ไปŠใ€ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚ธใ‚ชใฎ็ช“ใฎๅค–ใฏใ™ใฃใ‹ใ‚Š็ง‹่‰ฒใซๆŸ“ใพใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:03
I don't know what the weather is like where you are,
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ใŠไฝใพใ„ใฎๅœฐๅŸŸใฎๅคฉๆฐ—ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
21:05
but at the moment we are heading
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ใŒใ€็พๅœจใ€็งใŸใกใฏ
21:09
very quickly into autumn.
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ๆ€ฅ้€Ÿใซ็ง‹ใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:13
Autumn is definitely here.
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็ง‹ใฏ็ขบๅฎŸใซๆฅใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:14
You might notice over the next couple of weeks the trees behind me
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ๆฌกใฎๆ•ฐ้€ฑ้–“ใง ใ€็งใฎๅพŒใ‚ใฎๆœจใ€…
21:19
will start to change colour all of the leaves on
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ใŒ่‰ฒใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆๅง‹ใ‚ใ€ๆœจใ€…ใฎ่‘‰ใ‚‚ใ™ในใฆ
21:23
the trees will start to change as well.
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ๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“.
21:28
Claudia says meatballs.
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ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใฏใƒŸใƒผใƒˆใƒœใƒผใƒซใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:30
We normally make our meatballs using beef.
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็งใŸใกใฏ้€šๅธธใ€็‰›่‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใƒŸใƒผใƒˆใƒœใƒผใƒซใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
21:35
Don't tell the cows.
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็‰›ใซ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
21:37
Please don't tell the cows.
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็‰›ใซ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
21:39
They will be rather upset.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅ‹•ๆบใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
21:43
Thank you very much for joining me today.
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ๆœฌๆ—ฅใฏใ”ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ„ใŸใ ใใ€่ช ใซใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
21:44
Yes, we are looking at abbreviations in a few moments.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ™ใใซ็•ฅ่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
21:49
Mr. Steve is not here today.
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ–ใ•ใ‚“ใฏไปŠๆ—ฅใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
21:51
I might tell you why he's not here.
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ๅฝผใŒใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใชใ„็†็”ฑใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„ใฎใง
21:54
I'm not sure if you want to know, though, because it is a little sad.
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ใ€็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
21:57
But Mr.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
21:58
Steve today is going to pick up his mother's
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ–ใ•ใ‚“ใฏ
22:02
ashes today along with his sister.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€ๅฆนใจไธ€็ท’ใซๆฏ่ฆชใฎ้บ็ฐใ‚’ๆ‹พใ†ไบˆๅฎšใงใ™ใ€‚
22:06
So not not a particularly pleasant thing to do.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็‰นใซๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
22:09
So that's what they are doing today.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒไปŠๆ—ฅใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
22:11
And that's the reason why Mr.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€
22:12
Steve will not be joining us on the livestream, maybe on Sunday he'll be here.
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ–ๆฐใŒ็งใŸใกใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใ‚นใƒˆใƒชใƒผใƒ ใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใชใ„็†็”ฑ ใงใ™ใ€‚ใŠใใ‚‰ใๆ—ฅๆ›œๆ—ฅใซๅฝผใฏใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
22:19
In fact, I have a feeling that Steve will definitely
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ–ใŒ
22:23
100% certainty
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22:27
he will be here.
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ใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ 100% ็ขบๅฎŸใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:55
and there he was, Mr.
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23:56
Steve in the Garden last week
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23:59
and the week before that and the week before that.
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ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ‚‚ใใฎๅ‰ใฎ้€ฑใ‚‚ใใฎๅ‰ใฎ้€ฑใ‚‚ใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ–ใ•ใ‚“ใŒๅบญใซใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
24:02
In fact, if there's one thing Mr.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ–ๆฐใŒๅฅฝใใชใ“ใจใ‚’ 1 ใคๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‹ใจใ™ใ‚Œใฐ
24:04
Steve loves doing, it's cutting the grass.
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่‰ๅˆˆใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
24:06
He really loves doing it
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ๅฝผใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅคงๅฅฝใ
24:10
over such a lot.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
24:11
He does a lot of people talking about greetings today.
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ๅฝผใฏไปŠๆ—ฅใ€ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒๆŒจๆ‹ถใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹.
24:16
Apparently in certain countries, apparently in certain countries,
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ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใ‚‰็‰นๅฎšใฎ ๅ›ฝใงใฏใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ›ฝใง
24:21
there are rules surrounding the times and the way in which you greet people.
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ใฏใ€ๆ™‚้–“ๅธฏ ใ‚„ๆŒจๆ‹ถใฎไป•ๆ–นใซใƒซใƒผใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
24:27
I didn't realise that.
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
24:29
So in some cases if you say good morning
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ใใฎ
24:32
in the afternoon, it is actually considered rude.
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅˆๅพŒใซใŠใฏใ‚ˆใ†ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๅคฑ็คผใจ่ฆ‹ใชใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
24:35
I believe that is in Portugal if I'm not mistaken.
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็งใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใƒใƒซใƒˆใ‚ฌใƒซใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:40
So it is strange how that works out.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใงใ™ใ€‚
24:43
Filippo is here.
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ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒชใƒƒใƒใŒๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
24:45
Hello, Filippo. Nice to hear from you.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒชใƒƒใƒใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ”้€ฃ็ตกใ‚’ใŠๅพ…ใกใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
24:48
Have you ever watched the TV show Peaky Blinders?
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ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“็•ช็ต„ใ€ŒPeaky Blindersใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
24:53
I have seen it.
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่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
24:54
It's a little bit too violent for me because I'm a very sensitive flower.
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็งใฏ้žๅธธใซๆ•ๆ„Ÿใช่Šฑใชใฎใงใ€็งใซใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๆšดๅŠ›็š„ใงใ™.
24:59
But I do like their hats.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๅธฝๅญใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
25:04
As you know, I'm a big fan of hats and I've noticed in Peaky Blinders,
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ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็งใฏๅธฝๅญใฎๅคงใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใง ใ€
25:09
a very famous BBC TV show
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BBC ใฎ้žๅธธใซๆœ‰ๅใชใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“็•ช็ต„
25:12
which is based Did you know this?
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ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ Peaky Blinders ใงๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
25:14
It is actually based on the gangs
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใƒใƒผใƒŸใƒณใ‚ฌใƒ ๅ‘จ่พบใฎใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฐใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใ„
25:19
around Birmingham.
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ใพใ™.
25:21
Not recently, but a long, long, long time ago.
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ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใใฆใ€ใšใฃใจๆ˜”ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚
25:24
The gangs that used to roam around Birmingham.
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ใƒใƒผใƒŸใƒณใ‚ฌใƒ ใ‚’ๅพ˜ๅพŠใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ€‚
25:28
Did you know that?
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็ŸฅใฃใฆใŸ๏ผŸ
25:29
That's what Peaky Blinders is actually based on?
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€Peaky Blinders ใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ‹?
25:32
But yes, I do like their hats.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใฏใ„ใ€็งใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๅธฝๅญใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
25:34
Quite often they will wear flat caps
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ Peaky Blinders ใงใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆ ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’็€็”จใ—
25:38
in Peaky Blinders. Mr.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:40
Duncan Oh, I thought someone would ask this today.
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ใƒ€ใƒณใ‚ซใƒณใ•ใ‚“ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒไปŠๆ—ฅใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
25:45
I knew it.
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
25:46
I knew it would happen.
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็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
25:47
Mr. Duncan, can you please tell us what is happening with your economy
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ใƒ€ใƒณใ‚ซใƒณใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ตŒๆธˆใจใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใซไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
25:52
and your pound?
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ใ€‚
25:57
Oh, I don't even know where to begin, to be honest.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ใฉใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใฎใ‹ใ•ใˆใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็พๆ™‚็‚น
26:00
I don't know where to start with what is happening at the moment.
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ใงไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใฉใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
26:04
There are so many things going on at the moment
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็พๅœจใ€็งใŸใกใฎ็ตŒๆธˆใซใฏ้žๅธธใซๅคšใใฎ
26:07
with our economy
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26:10
and I'm sure similar things are happening in your country.
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ใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ›ฝใงใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใฎใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:13
But here everything is happening at the same time.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ™ในใฆใŒๅŒๆ™‚ใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:16
Energy prices are going up.
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ใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผไพกๆ ผใฏไธŠๆ˜‡ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:19
The economy is slowly sinking.
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็ตŒๆธˆใฏใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Šใจ่ฝใก่พผใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:24
Pensions.
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ๅนด้‡‘ใ€‚
26:26
A lot of people who are approaching retirement
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้€€่ทใซ่ฟ‘ใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบ
26:29
or who are drawing from their pension
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ใ‚„ๅนด้‡‘ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใฎๅคšใใฏใ€
26:32
might find that their pension will suddenly get smaller
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ๅนด้‡‘ใŒ
26:38
over time,
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ๆ™‚้–“ใฎ็ตŒ้Žใจใจใ‚‚ใซ็ช็„ถๅฐ‘ใชใใชใฃ
26:39
money that they've saved during their working life
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ใŸใ‚Šใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใง่ฒฏใ‚ใŸใŠ้‡‘
26:44
might suddenly not be worth as much as it was before.
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ใŒ็ช็„ถไปฅๅ‰ใปใฉไพกๅ€คใŒใชใใชใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
26:49
And of course, all currency as well.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎ้€š่ฒจใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
26:52
The pound.
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ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใ€‚
26:53
So we measure the pound normally against the dollar.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้€šๅธธใ€ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใฏใƒ‰ใƒซใซๅฏพใ—ใฆๆธฌๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
26:56
At the moment it's not very good.
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็พๆ™‚็‚นใงใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š่‰ฏใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
26:58
We used to have a very strong currency in this country.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ‹ใคใฆใ“ใฎๅ›ฝใง้žๅธธใซๅผทใ„้€š่ฒจใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
27:02
The pound at one time was the strongest currency in the world.
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ใ‹ใคใฆใƒใƒณใƒ‰ ใฏไธ–็•Œๆœ€ๅผทใฎ้€š่ฒจใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
27:07
It was quite often stronger than the dollar.
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ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅผทใ„ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
27:10
But over the past few years
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ“ๆ•ฐๅนด
27:13
it has slowly started to become lower,
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ใงใ‚†ใฃใใ‚ŠใจไฝŽใใชใ‚Šๅง‹ใ‚
27:17
and over the past few days it has completely collapsed.
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ใ€ใ“ใ“ๆ•ฐๆ—ฅใงๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅดฉๅฃŠใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใƒ‰ใƒซ
27:21
It's almost the same value
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ใจใปใผๅŒใ˜ไพกๅ€ค
27:24
as the dollar, which is not good,
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ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่‰ฏใใชใ„
27:27
and some people seem to think it might fall
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ใงใ™ใ—ใ€ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’ไธ‹ๅ›žใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™
27:29
below the dollar,
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ใ€‚
27:32
which is not good news, to be honest, although it is good news if you are travelling here
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆญฃ็›ดใ€่‰ฏใ„ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
27:37
from the United States, if you come here now
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ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใ‚‹ใจ
27:41
from the United States, you will find that you can spend a lot more of your dollars.
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ใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจๅคšใใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ไฝฟใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
27:47
So that's what's happening concerning our economy.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใฎ็ตŒๆธˆใซ้–ขใ—ใฆ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
27:51
It isn't very good.
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Š่‰ฏใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
27:53
Let's just say I can't say that I'm happy about the situation.
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ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใซๆบ€่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
27:59
I and nor nor is anyone else to be honest with you.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€็งใ‚‚ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
28:03
So that's that's it really.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚
28:06
In a nutshell, if you explain something in a nutshell,
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ไธ€่จ€ใง่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ไธ€่จ€ใง่จ€ใˆใฐใ€
28:10
it means you are explaining it quickly, briefly,
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒไผใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šๅคšใใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’็ด ๆ—ฉใใ€็ฐกๆฝ”ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—
28:14
with as much information as you can put across.
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ใพใ™.
28:20
So now, you know
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€Mohsin ใซใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใจใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
28:23
hello to
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28:26
Mohsin.
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ใ€‚
28:27
Hello, Mohsin.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใƒขใƒผใ‚ทใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
28:28
I didn't see you on the live chat, so hello to you.
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ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒˆใงไผšใˆใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚
28:31
I don't want to miss you out.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’้€ƒใ—ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
28:33
Thank you very much, Mohsin, for joining me today.
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ใƒขใƒผใ‚ทใƒณใ•ใ‚“ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ”ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
28:35
We are looking at abbreviations
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28:39
for the next few moments and I hope you will join me for that.
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ไปŠๅพŒๆ•ฐๅˆ†้–“ใฎ็•ฅ่ชž ใ‚’ๆคœ่จŽใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใœใฒใ”ๅ‚ๅŠ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
28:43
Oh, I also want to say a special hello
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€็งใ‚‚
28:47
to a certain dog.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹็Šฌใซ็‰นๅˆฅใชๆŒจๆ‹ถใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ใ€‚
28:51
What?
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ไฝ•๏ผŸ
28:53
Hello to Nina.
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ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒŠใซใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚
28:56
Irene.
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ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒชใƒผใƒณใ€‚
28:57
A prank seen as a lovely little dog.
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ใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„ๅฐใ•ใช็Šฌใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ„ใŸใšใ‚‰ใ€‚
29:00
Can you see it there?
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ใใ“ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
29:01
There it is. Now on your screen.
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ใใ“ใซใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ไปŠใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็”ป้ขใซใ€‚
29:03
Very cute, very small. I would imagine.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„ใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฐใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็งใฏๆƒณๅƒใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
29:07
It gets very excited when it goes outside.
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ๅค–ใซๅ‡บใ‚‹ใจใจใฆใ‚‚็››ใ‚ŠไธŠใŒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
29:11
And I often find that small dogs have a lot of energy,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฐๅž‹็Šฌใฏใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผ
29:17
a lot of vigour.
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ใซใ‚ใตใ‚Œใ€ๆดปๅŠ›ใซๆบ€ใกใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
29:20
It's a great word, vigour, energy.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ€ๆดปๅŠ›ใ€ใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
29:24
So it looks like a dog that might get quite excited
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€่ตฐใ‚Šๅ›žใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅค–ใซๅ‡บใฆๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ‹ใชใ‚Š่ˆˆๅฅฎใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„็Šฌใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆ
29:28
when it is running around, when it is getting
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29:31
outside and enjoying itself.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
29:34
I think so.
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ใใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
29:35
Beautiful dog, isn't that lovely?
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็พŽใ—ใ„็Šฌใ€็ด ๆ•ตใงใ™ใญใ€‚
29:37
So thank you very much for sending me that to me.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใซใใ‚Œใ‚’้€ใฃใฆใใ‚Œใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
29:42
And I always love seeing your photographs wherever you are or whatever you are doing.
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ใฉใ“ใซใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
29:47
If you want to send a picture or just say hi, here is the address.
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ๅ†™็œŸใ‚’้€ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆŒจๆ‹ถใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
29:53
The address is at the bottom of the screen.
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ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใฏ็”ป้ขไธ‹ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
29:55
You can send me an email or anything, a photograph
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ใƒกใƒผใƒซใงใ‚‚ใชใ‚“ใงใ‚‚้€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๅ†™็œŸใงใ‚‚ใ€
29:59
or maybe something you saw out of your window.
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็ช“ใฎๅค–ใง่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
30:02
Maybe a little bit of nature.
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ใฏ่‡ช็„ถใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
30:06
Feel free to do so.
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ใŠๆฐ—่ปฝใซใฉใ†ใžใ€‚
30:08
And there is the address.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไฝๆ‰€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
30:10
So now you know,
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ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
30:14
yes, I am with you every
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ใ€็งใฏๆฏŽ้€ฑ
30:15
Sunday and also every Wednesday
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ๆ—ฅๆ›œๆ—ฅใจๆฏŽ้€ฑๆฐดๆ›œๆ—ฅ
30:18
for those who aren't too sure,
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ใซใ‚ใชใŸใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ„
30:22
we are looking at abbreviation today.
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ใพใ™.
30:25
When you abbreviate something it means you make
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็•ฅใ™ใจใฏ
30:30
something shorter, you make something
407
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30:33
less long, you shorten
408
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ใ€
30:37
something to shorten a word or sentence so as to make it easier to use
409
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿญใใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿญใใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿญใใ—ใฆๅ˜่ชžใ‚„ๆ–‡ใ‚’็Ÿญใ ใ—ใฆไฝฟใ„ใ‚„ใ™ใใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
30:42
you abbreviate something to save time
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ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅคšใใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่จ€ใ†ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’็ฏ€็ด„ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็œ็•ฅใ—
30:48
instead of saying lots of words,
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30:50
you can just use an abbreviation of some sort.
412
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹็จฎใฎ็•ฅ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
30:55
And I suppose it's worth mentioning that there are more
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ใพใŸใ€็œ็•ฅๅฝขใซใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎ็จฎ้กžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ่จ€ๅŠใ™ใ‚‹ไพกๅ€คใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
30:59
than one type of abbreviation.
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ใ€‚
31:06
If you abbreviate something, you shorten,
415
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็œ็•ฅใ—
31:11
cut, curtail
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ใŸใ‚Šใ€็Ÿญใใ—ใŸใ‚Š
31:14
a bridge, condense,
417
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ใ€ๆฉ‹ใ‚’็Ÿญใใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€็Ÿญ็ธฎใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€็Ÿญ็ธฎใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€
31:17
you take something and you make it shorter
418
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅ–ใฃ
31:22
in grammar or when we are using English,
419
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ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซ็Ÿญใใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€่ฆšใˆใ‚„ใ™ใใ™ใ‚‹
31:26
we shorten the sentence or the phrase
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ใŸใ‚ใซๆ–‡ใ‚„ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’็Ÿญใใ—ใŸใ‚Š
31:29
to make it easier to remember.
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ใ—ใพใ™.
31:32
And also, if you are explaining something very fast,
422
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ใพใŸใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’้žๅธธใซ้€Ÿใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
31:36
you can also use it then as well.
423
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็œ็•ฅๅฝข
31:40
There are four
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ใซใฏ 4 ใคใฎ
31:42
definite types of abbreviation.
425
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ๆ˜Ž็ขบใชใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
31:46
We have Initialism, an acronym.
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้ ญๅญ—่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ Initialism ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
31:51
We have shortening and contraction.
427
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็Ÿญ็ธฎใจๅŽ็ธฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
31:55
So these are different types of abbreviation
428
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใซๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็จฎ้กžใฎ็•ฅ่ชž
31:59
that exist in the English language
429
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32:03
for first of all, we will look at Initialism
430
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ใพใšๆœ€ๅˆใซใ€ใใฎๅๅ‰ใŒ็คบใ™ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้ ญ่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ
32:07
as its name suggests, an initialism is formed
431
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32:11
from the first letters of a group of words.
432
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ใพใ™ใ€‚้ ญ่ชžใฏๅ˜่ชžใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฝขๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
32:15
We pronounce each letter individually.
433
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ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’ๅ€‹ๅˆฅใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
32:18
For example, we have f, b,
434
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€fใ€bใ€
32:21
I Federal Bureau of Investigation.
435
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I ้€ฃ้‚ฆๆœๆŸปๅฑ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
32:26
You will notice quite often we will miss out words
436
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ver ใ‚„ of ใชใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹้€ƒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
32:30
such as ver and of.
437
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ใ€‚ ใ‚คใƒ‹ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใฎๅฝขใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็œ็•ฅใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆ
32:34
They will often be missed out, left out or emitted
438
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ—ใฐใ—ใฐ่ฆ‹่ฝใจใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆ”พๅ‡บใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚Š
32:39
when we abbreviate something
439
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32:41
in the form of an initialism.
440
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ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
32:46
We also have a yes AP as soon as possible.
441
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ใพใŸใ€ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใ yes AP ใ‚’็”จๆ„ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
32:51
I've never very well known abbreviation.
442
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็งใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ‚ˆใ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸ็•ฅ่ชžใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
32:55
Another one is C D said compact disc.
443
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฏ CD ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ CD ใงใ™ใ€‚
33:01
Although I
444
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33:02
have a feeling that not many people use compact discs anymore, I think most people have everything
445
1982409
6740
CDใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใฏๅฐ‘ใชใใชใฃใŸๆฐ—ใŒใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๆญฃ็›ดใชใจใ“ใ‚
33:09
stored in their computer or in their mobile phone
446
1989483
3036
ใ€ใƒ‘ใ‚ฝใ‚ณใƒณใ‚„ๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใซใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒซใจใ—ใฆไฟๅญ˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ–นใŒใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ ใจๆ€ใ„
33:12
as a file, to be honest.
447
1992953
2536
ใพใ™ใ€‚
33:15
But some people still have CDs, compact discs.
448
1995889
4572
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ„ใพใ ใซ CD ใ‚„ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ‘ใ‚ฏใƒˆ ใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
33:20
Then we have another initial ISM CEO,
449
2000961
3637
ๆฌกใซใ€ๆœ€้ซ˜็ตŒๅ–ถ่ฒฌไปป่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ ISM CEO ใŒ
33:25
which is Chief Executive Officer.
450
2005065
2870
ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
33:29
Then we have F a Q
451
2009002
2770
ๆฌกใซใ€F a Q ใฎ
33:32
frequently asked questions.
452
2012539
2970
ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
33:35
So questions that might arise commonly or maybe questions
453
2015776
4671
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฎใ‚ใ‚‹่ณชๅ•ใ€ ใพใŸใฏ
33:40
that many people have and they are all very similar.
454
2020447
4138
ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹่ณชๅ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ้žๅธธใซไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™.
33:44
We can say that they are frequently asked questions.
455
2024618
3670
ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹่ณชๅ•ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
33:49
Another initialism is p l c,
456
2029256
4238
ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎ้ ญๅญ—่ชžใฏ p l cใ€
33:53
p l c public limited company,
457
2033894
3737
p l c public limited companyใ€ๅ…ฌๅ…ฑ็ฉบ้–“ UFO ใซ
33:57
a company that is limited
458
2037931
2203
้™ๅฎšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸไผš็คพใงใ™
34:00
to the public space UFO.
459
2040701
5639
ใ€‚
34:06
Oh, a lot of people know this one.
460
2046640
3937
ใŠใŠใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ‚‹ไบบๅคšใ„ใชใ€‚
34:11
There are people who believe that there are
461
2051044
3437
ไป–ใฎๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฎ‡ๅฎ™ไบบใŒใ‚„ใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใจไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใŒใ„ใพใ™
34:19
aliens coming down from other planets.
462
2059286
3670
ใ€‚
34:23
USA Talking of strange
463
2063257
3737
USA ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใช
34:27
aliens, the United States of America.
464
2067828
3270
ใ‚จใ‚คใƒชใ‚ขใƒณใจใ„ใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซๅˆ่ก†ๅ›ฝใ€‚
34:31
And finally, on our list of initial isms, we have v 80.
465
2071865
5305
ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ isms ใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใซ v 80
34:37
Of course this list is not exhaustive.
466
2077537
2503
ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใฏใ™ในใฆใ‚’็ถฒ็พ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
34:40
There are many other initial isms that we can use as well.
467
2080040
4938
ไป–ใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ๅคšใใฎๅˆๆœŸ isms ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
34:45
So there you can see some examples of one type of abbreviation.
468
2085379
5171
ใใ“ใง ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎ็•ฅ่ชžใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
34:50
We call these initialism.
469
2090550
5973
็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ‚คใƒ‹ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใƒชใ‚บใƒ ใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
34:56
We will also look at the rules for capital letters.
470
2096523
3137
ใพใŸใ€ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
34:59
If the first letters of the full form are capital letters,
471
2099660
4371
ๅฎŒๅ…จใชๅฝขๅผใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใŒๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
35:04
then we always write the abbreviation with capital letters.
472
2104031
4371
็•ฅ่ชžใฏๅธธใซ ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงๆ›ธใใพใ™ใ€‚
35:08
So you will notice quite often with abbreviations, especially initial isms,
473
2108869
6106
ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€็•ฅ่ชžใ€ ็‰นใซ้ ญๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฎ isms
35:15
you will always use capital letters, for example, in the full form.
474
2115208
5539
ใงใฏใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใชๅฝขใชใฉใงๅธธใซๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
35:20
We always write Federal Bureau
475
2120747
3103
Federal Bureau
35:23
of Investigation with capital letters for the first letter of each word,
476
2123884
5005
of Investigation ใฏๅ…ฌ็š„ๆฉŸ้–ขใฎๅๅ‰ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ ใ€ๅ„ๅ˜่ชžใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฏๅธธใซๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใง่กจ่จ˜ใ—
35:28
because it is the name of an official organisation.
477
2128889
4337
ใพใ™ใ€‚
35:33
Therefore We have no choice.
478
2133226
2036
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้ธๆŠžใฎไฝ™ๅœฐใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
35:35
We must also write the abbreviated form in capitals.
479
2135262
4171
็œ็•ฅๅฝขใ‚‚ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงๆ›ธใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
35:39
So if it is a place, an organisation,
480
2139733
3103
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ ดๆ‰€ใ€็ต„็น”ใ€
35:43
something that is a name of an organisation
481
2143103
3437
็ต„็น”ใฎๅๅ‰ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใ€
35:47
or maybe even a place, we will always use
482
2147207
4071
ใพใŸใฏๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ•ใˆใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅธธใซ
35:52
capitals, we will always
483
2152479
2002
ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ๅธธใซๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’
35:54
use capital letters.
484
2154481
4004
ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™. ็ต‚ๆญข็ฌฆ
35:58
There are also rules in initial
485
2158485
3103
ใฎๅˆๆœŸใ‚คใ‚บใƒ ใซใ‚‚ใƒซใƒผใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
36:01
isms for full stops.
486
2161588
3036
ใ€‚
36:04
In British English, we do not usually use
487
2164958
3337
ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€้€šๅธธ
36:08
full stops between each letter for initial isms.
488
2168295
3303
ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ ism ใฎๅ„ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฎ้–“ใซใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
36:11
For example, you will see that FBI
489
2171965
3237
ใŸใจใˆใฐ
36:15
in British English has no
490
2175669
2802
ใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ FBI ใซใฏใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰
36:19
full stop or period,
491
2179506
2102
ใ‚„ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰
36:22
whereas in American English you will find full stops
492
2182876
4971
ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใง
36:28
or periods between each letter.
493
2188248
3103
ใฏๅ„ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฎ้–“ใซใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใ‚„ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
36:31
So in American English it is a question of style.
494
2191685
3303
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใฎๅ•้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚
36:35
Using full stops is more common in American English.
495
2195288
4505
ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
36:40
So quite often when you see a initialisation,
496
2200026
3370
ใใฎ
36:44
an abbreviation in the form of using the initials,
497
2204164
5105
ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚คใƒ‹ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฝขๅผใฎ็•ฅ่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚คใƒ‹ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใ‚’็›ฎใซ
36:50
you will notice that there are no full stops
498
2210036
3837
ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€็•ฅ่ชžใซๅฎŒๅ…จใชๅœๆญขใ‚„ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใŒใชใ„ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
36:53
or periods in
499
2213873
2036
36:58
abbreviations.
500
2218144
1802
ใ€‚
36:59
Here's an interesting one.
501
2219946
1268
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
37:01
This is one of my favourite types of abbreviation.
502
2221214
2936
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎๅฅฝใใชใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎ็•ฅ่ชžใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
37:04
I will be honest with you.
503
2224150
1502
็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๆญฃ็›ดใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
37:05
I do like abbreviations
504
2225652
3303
็งใฏ
37:09
in the form of acronyms.
505
2229389
3070
้ ญๅญ—่ชžใฎๅฝขใฎ็•ฅ่ชžใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
37:12
Acronyms an acronym is formed
506
2232992
3504
้ ญๅญ—่ชž ้ ญๅญ—่ชž
37:16
from the first letters of a group of words.
507
2236930
3236
ใฏใ€ไธ€้€ฃใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฝขๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
37:20
We pronounce the acronym as a word.
508
2240266
3737
้ ญๅญ—่ชžใ‚’ๅ˜่ชžใจใ—ใฆ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
37:24
For example, you have nicer nicer
509
2244637
3637
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
37:29
you have naito,
510
2249509
2536
naitoใ€
37:32
o peck,
511
2252278
1602
o peckใ€
37:34
pin, ram, sim,
512
2254881
4705
pinใ€ramใ€simใ€
37:40
vat, zip.
513
2260987
2636
vatใ€zip ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
37:45
For example, NAITO
514
2265391
2236
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€NAITO
37:47
is the North American Treaty Organisation.
515
2267627
2703
ใฏๅŒ—็ฑณๆก็ด„ๆฉŸๆง‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
37:50
So instead of saying all of those words, we just say Naito,
516
2270830
5606
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่จ€ใ†ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ ๅ†…่—คใจ่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ€
37:56
then we have PIN, which is a number
517
2276436
3370
ๆฌกใซ PIN ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œ
38:00
or code that is usually used with a credit card
518
2280340
4838
ใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ใ‚ฏใƒฌใ‚ธใƒƒใƒˆ ใ‚ซใƒผใƒ‰ใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹็•ชๅทใพใŸใฏใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—
38:05
or a way of using a code to enter a building
519
2285278
4738
ใฆๅปบ็‰ฉใฎๅ€‹ไบบ่ญ˜ๅˆฅ็•ชๅทใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™
38:11
personal identification number.
520
2291317
2870
ใ€‚
38:14
So it is a type of code.
521
2294721
2669
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใฎไธ€็จฎใงใ™ใ€‚
38:17
And then of course we have VAT
522
2297390
2569
ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“
38:21
value added tax,
523
2301694
2236
ใ€VAT ไป˜ๅŠ ไพกๅ€ค
38:23
that is what we call the government tax that we have.
524
2303930
3603
็จŽใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆ”ฟๅบœ็จŽใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
38:27
We all have to pay 80 when we buy things,
525
2307634
4004
็งใŸใกใฏ็‰ฉใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใจใใซ 80 ใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰
38:32
whenever we buy anything, we have to pay
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ใšใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใŸใณใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ๆ–™้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
38:34
an extra charge on top.
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ใ€‚
38:38
So value added tax is a special case
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไป˜ๅŠ ไพกๅ€ค็จŽใฏ็‰นๅˆฅใชใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
38:41
because it can be two types of Abreva zation, it can be the acronym
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ 2 ็จฎ้กžใฎ็•ฅ่ชž ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€้ ญๅญ—่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
38:47
and also we can pronounce it as the word VAT.
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VAT ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใจใ—ใฆ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
38:52
It rhymes with cat, but some people also say V8,
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cat ใจ้Ÿปใ‚’่ธใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€V8 ใจ่จ€ใ†ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹
38:58
so you might add V8
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ใฎใงใ€V8 ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—
39:01
or you can add VAT.
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ใŸใ‚Šใ€VAT ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
39:05
So you have a choice that
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒ•ใƒซใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ๆ”ฏ้…ใ™ใ‚‹้ธโ€‹โ€‹ๆŠž่‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
39:07
rules for full stops.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
39:11
In these particular abbreviations,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎ็•ฅ่ชžใง
39:14
we do not use full stops after each letter of an acronym.
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ใฏใ€้ ญๅญ—่ชžใฎๅ„ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฎๅพŒใซใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
39:18
This is because we treat acronyms as words and pronounce them as words.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€้ ญๅญ—่ชž ใ‚’ๅ˜่ชžใจใ—ใฆๆ‰ฑใ„ใ€ๅ˜่ชžใจใ—ใฆ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
39:24
We never write full stops in the middle of words, and that is a basic grammar rule.
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ๅ˜่ชžใฎ้€”ไธญใซ็ต‚ๆญข็ฌฆใ‚’ๆ›ธใใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชๆ–‡ๆณ•่ฆๅ‰‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
39:29
So when we are using acronyms, there is no no need.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้ ญๅญ—่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
39:33
There is no need to actually put full stops
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใ‚„ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใ‚’ ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
39:37
or periods in the.
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ใ€‚
39:42
Here's another one shortening.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚‚ใ†1ใคใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎใงใ™ใ€‚
39:44
Perhaps you've never heard of shortening things,
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ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’็Ÿญใใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’็Ÿญใใ™ใ‚‹
39:48
but shortening ones are exactly what sound like it is.
545
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ใ“ใจใฏใพใ•ใซใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
39:52
When you take a word and you just shorten it, you take away
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ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็Ÿญใใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฎ
39:58
most of the letters of the word.
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใŒๅ‰Š้™คใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
40:01
So a shortening is an abbreviation.
548
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็Ÿญ็ธฎใฏ็•ฅ่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
40:03
It is an abbreviation in which the beginning or the end of the word
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่ชž้ ญใพใŸใฏ่ชžๅฐพใ‚’็œ็•ฅใ—ใŸ็•ฅ่ชž
40:07
has been omitted.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
40:10
There are two types of shortening.
551
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ใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใƒˆใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใซใฏ2็จฎ้กžใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
40:15
We can say
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40:17
shortening treated as real words.
553
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใจใ—ใฆๆ‰ฑใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹็Ÿญ็ธฎใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
40:20
For example, you can have an ad
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ใŸใจใˆใฐ
40:24
ad, which is an advertisement,
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40:28
so that is treated as a real word.
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ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใจใ—ใฆๆ‰ฑใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅบƒๅ‘Šใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅบƒๅ‘Šใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
40:31
Even though we are shortening the word, we can still say ad
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ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็Ÿญ็ธฎใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ๅบƒๅ‘Šใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€
40:36
and we mean advertisement.
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ๅบƒๅ‘Šใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™.
40:40
Another one that I'm sure you are very familiar with is App App.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ˆใ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใ†1ใคใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ€App Appใงใ™ใ€‚
40:46
So when we talk about apps, we are talking about applications
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒชใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฏใ€ ใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒชใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ
40:52
or software, general software
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ใพใŸใฏใ‚ฝใƒ•ใƒˆใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚ขใ€ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚ฝใƒ•ใƒˆใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚ขใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
40:55
these days, many people have apps in their phones, so the word app
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ใ€‚ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใซใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒชใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒชใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰
41:02
is just the shortened version of application.
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ใฏๅ˜ใซใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒชใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎ็‰ˆใงใ™ใ€‚
41:07
We also have flu, flu, which is influenza
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ใพใŸใ€ใ‚คใƒณใƒ•ใƒซใ‚จใƒณใ‚ถใ€ใ‚คใƒณใƒ•ใƒซใ‚จใƒณใ‚ถใ€็‰นใซใ“ใฎๆ™‚ๆœŸใซ้žๅธธ
41:13
influenza, a type of virus that can be spread
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ใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใซๅบƒใŒใ‚‹ใ‚ฆใ‚คใƒซใ‚นใฎไธ€็จฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚คใƒณใƒ•ใƒซใ‚จใƒณใ‚ถใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
41:16
very easily, especially this time of year.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
41:22
Then we have blog b,
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใƒ–ใƒญใ‚ฐ bใ€
41:25
l, o, g, blog.
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lใ€oใ€gใ€ใƒ–ใƒญใ‚ฐใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
41:28
Do people still write blogs?
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ไบบใ€…ใฏใพใ ใƒ–ใƒญใ‚ฐใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
41:31
I remember way back in the early 2000s, everyone, everyone had a blog.
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2000 ๅนดไปฃๅˆ้ ญใซใ•ใ‹ใฎใผใ‚‹ใจใ€ ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒใƒ–ใƒญใ‚ฐใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
41:36
They were all writing about
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็š†ใ€
41:39
their life and their knowledge.
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎไบบ็”Ÿใจ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใซใคใ„ใฆๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
41:42
So a web blog is a type of website
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€Web ใƒ–ใƒญใ‚ฐใฏใ€
41:47
where people will normally write short essays.
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ไบบใ€…ใŒ้€šๅธธ็Ÿญใ„ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใ‚’ๆ›ธใใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎ Web ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚
41:51
Then we have the word rhino.
575
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ‚ตใ‚คใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
41:54
I love this word rhino.
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็งใฏใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
41:57
Quite often this is used as a shortened version of rhinoceros.
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ rhinoceros ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
42:02
A rhinoceros is a type of animal with a very large horn
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ใ‚ตใ‚คใฏใ€้ผปใฎไธŠใซ้žๅธธใซๅคงใใช่ง’ใ‚’ๆŒใคๅ‹•็‰ฉใฎไธ€็จฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹
42:07
on top of its nose, hence the name or rhino,
579
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ใŸใ‚ใ€้ผปใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ตใ‚คใจใ„ใ†ๅๅ‰ใŒไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ
42:11
which means nose.
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ใ€‚
42:14
So we used type one shortening like real words.
581
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ— 1 ็Ÿญ็ธฎใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
42:19
We write them and say them as one word.
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็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใ€ไธ€่จ€ใง่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
42:23
We are using them as if they are actual words.
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ใ‚ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
42:29
Then we have the second type of shortening
584
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ๆฌกใซใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎใŒ
42:34
and these are not treated as real words.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใฎๅ˜่ชžใจใ—ใฆๆ‰ฑใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
42:38
For example, you might have days of the week
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ›œๆ—ฅใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
42:42
when you write something down and you and you want to save time,
587
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ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’็ฏ€็ด„ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
42:46
you just a brief yate the word for example February
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ใŸใจใˆใฐ 2 ๆœˆใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็Ÿญใ่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ€
42:53
we can write that down as s e b fib.
589
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ s e b fib ใจใ—ใฆๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
42:59
We know what we mean, but you would never say fib.
590
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็งใŸใกใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใจใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
43:03
You don't say that.
591
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใ€‚
43:05
You don't say, I will see you next February.
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ๆฅๅนดใฎ2ๆœˆใซใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
43:09
It only works when you write.
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ๆ›ธใ่พผใฟๆ™‚ใฎใฟๆœ‰ๅŠนใงใ™ใ€‚
43:11
So quite often when we have this particular type of abbreviation,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎ็•ฅ่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
43:15
it is only used when we write something down.
595
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ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใฎใฟไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
43:19
Saturday can be abbreviated
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ๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใฏ s a t ใจ็œ็•ฅใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
43:23
to s a t Saturday
597
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43:27
and of course Wednesday
598
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ใพใŸใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ๆฐดๆ›œๆ—ฅ
43:30
or in fact any day of the week can be abbreviated type
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ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใฉใฎๆ›œๆ—ฅใงใ‚‚็œ็•ฅๅฝขใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
43:35
to shortening or only used in writing, as I mentioned.
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ใ€‚
43:39
But when we say or read them,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใŒใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚Š่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€
43:42
we say the full version of the word.
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็งใŸใกใฏ่จ€่‘‰ใฎๅฎŒๅ…จ็‰ˆใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ™.
43:46
So you never use this type of shortening
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ
43:50
or this type of abbreviation when you are speaking.
604
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ใ€่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚„็œ็•ฅๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
43:53
It is only used in writing
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ›ธ้ขใงใฎใฟไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œ
43:57
and you can see at the bottom of the screen
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ใ€็”ป้ขใฎไธ‹้ƒจ
43:59
there is a very good example of that use.
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ใซใใฎไฝฟ็”จใฎ้žๅธธใซ่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™.
44:04
Oop, this is a big one.
608
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ใŠใฃใจใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅคงใใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
44:06
Oh, my goodness.
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ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ€‚
44:08
Mr. Duncan, you are using all of the screen.
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ใƒ€ใƒณใ‚ซใƒณใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็”ป้ขใ‚’ๅ…จ้ƒจไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
44:12
You are getting very, very dramatic today.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้žๅธธใซๅŠ‡็š„ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
44:17
Contractions, ironically,
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้™ฃ็—›ใ€็šฎ่‚‰ใชใ“ใจใซใ€้™ฃ็—›ใ‚’
44:21
I can't explain contractions quickly.
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ใ™ใใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
44:25
I have to do it over a long period of time.
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้•ทใ„ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ‚„ใ‚‰ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
44:28
Contractions.
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ๅŽ็ธฎใ€‚
44:29
They are another type of abbreviation
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
44:33
that we use quite often in English.
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง้ ป็นใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎ็จฎ้กžใฎ็•ฅ่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
44:36
Contractions are abbreviations in which we omit letters
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็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝข
44:40
from the middle of a word.
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ใฏใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฎ้€”ไธญใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’็œ็•ฅใ—ใŸ็•ฅ่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
44:43
We do not write a full stop at the end of a contraction.
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ๅŽ็ธฎใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใซ็ต‚ๆญข็ฌฆใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
44:50
The first letter is a capital letter
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44:52
only if the full word starts with a capital letter.
622
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ๅฎŒๅ…จใชๅ˜่ชžใŒๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใฎใฟใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใŒๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
44:58
For example, doctor
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅŒปๅธซ
45:01
starts with a capital letter because it is a position
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ใฏๅฝน่ทใพใŸใฏ่ณ‡ๆ ผใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงๅง‹ใพใ‚Š
45:07
or a qualification.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
45:09
You are a doctor and then underneath you can see government.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅŒป่€… ใงใ€ใใฎไธ‹ใซๆ”ฟๅบœใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
45:15
Government does not need
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ๆ”ฟๅบœใฏๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
45:18
to have a capital letter.
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ใ€‚
45:22
So when you are writing you will often see over t used
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€over t ใŒๆ”ฟๅบœใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใจใ—ใฆไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
45:26
as a contraction of government.
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ใ€‚
45:30
Then we have saint
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ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่–ไบบ
45:33
saint a person
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2169
45:35
who has been sainted.
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ใฏ่–ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
45:41
Quite often we use s t you might also see s full stop
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s t ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใŒ
45:47
t or period between the letters s and t,
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ใ€ๆ–‡ๅญ— s ใจ t ใฎ้–“ใซ s ็ต‚ๆญข็ฌฆ t ใพใŸใฏใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰
45:53
but it is all were always used with a capital letter at the start.
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ใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆๅธธใซ ๅ…ˆ้ ญใซๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
45:58
Then we have Mr.
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ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชž
46:01
such as Mr.
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46:02
Duncan
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46:04
that is often abbreviated to m r
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ใงใฏใ—ใฐใ—ใฐ m r ใจ็œ็•ฅใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ Mr. Duncan ใชใฉใฎ Mr.
46:09
in American English, you will often find there is a full stop
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
46:13
between those two letters.
642
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5172
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฎ้–“ใซใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
46:18
And then we have type two contractions, which are missing letters from more than one word.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€2 ใคไปฅไธŠใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‹ใ‚‰ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใŒๆฌ ่ฝใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ— 2 ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
46:24
We use an apostrophe to represent the missing letters.
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ๆฌ ่ฝใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’่กจใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
46:28
So when we are writing a word,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€
46:32
or if we are saying a word,
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ใพใŸใฏๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
46:36
we can use contractions, for example,
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็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
46:40
she's she is they said they would
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she's she is they said they would
46:47
hive.
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hive.
46:49
I have
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46:51
don't do not
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46:54
we'll we will
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46:58
they are all types of contractions.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎๅŽ็ธฎใงใ™ใ€‚
47:04
And the interesting thing about contractions is you can use them in both written
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็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใฎ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„็‚นใฏ
47:09
and spoken English as well.
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ›ธใ่จ€่‘‰ใจ่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ใฎไธกๆ–นใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
47:14
Would you like to have a look at some well-known or maybe not
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ใ‚ˆใ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆ ใ„ใชใ„
47:18
so well-known initialism?
657
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ใ‚คใƒ‹ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹?
47:23
Here we go.
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ใฉใ†ใžใ€‚
47:26
So we have a list of abbreviations
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ใใฎ
47:29
from the top of the screen up there
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ใŸใ‚ใ€็”ป้ขใฎไธŠ้ƒจ
47:32
to the bottom down there.
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ไธ‹้ƒจใพใงใฎ็•ฅ่ชžใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
47:34
First of all, we have i0cioc
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ใพใšใ€ๅ›ฝ้š›ใ‚ชใƒชใƒณใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏๅง”ๅ“กไผšใฎ
47:39
which stands for
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็•ฅใงใ‚ใ‚‹ i0cioc ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
47:42
International Olympic Committee.
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ใ€‚
47:46
So the International Olympic Committee
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ›ฝ้š›ใ‚ชใƒชใƒณใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏๅง”ๅ“กไผšใฏ i0c ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ›ฝ้š›ใ‚ชใƒชใƒณใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏๅง”ๅ“กไผš
47:49
is the i0c and that is how they are
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ใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใŸใ‚
47:53
normally referred to as the IOC, because it takes too long,
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ใ€้€šๅธธ IOC ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใฆใ„
47:59
say International Olympic Committee.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
48:02
We haven't got time for that.
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ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
48:06
We are too busy.
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็งใŸใกใฏๅฟ™ใ—ใ™ใŽใพใ™ใ€‚
48:08
So people will often abbreviate that to IOC.
671
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ IOC ใจ็•ฅใ™ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
48:13
Here's another one.
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ใ“ใ“ใซๅˆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
48:16
The World Health Organisation is often
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ไธ–็•ŒไฟๅฅๆฉŸ้–ขใฏ
48:19
referred to as hoo hoo.
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ใ€ใƒ•ใƒผใƒ•ใƒผใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
48:23
The World Health Organisation and that's who.
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ไธ–็•ŒไฟๅฅๆฉŸ้–ขใจใใ‚ŒใŒ่ชฐใงใ™ใ€‚
48:28
And then we have a very famous one, I'm sure you've heard of this one.
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2908132
3837
ใใ—ใฆใ€้žๅธธใซๆœ‰ๅใช ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
48:32
We have b, b, c, b b, c.
677
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bใ€bใ€cใ€b bใ€c ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
48:37
British Broadcasting Corporation,
678
2917108
2469
ใƒ–ใƒชใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅ ใƒ–ใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚ณใƒผใƒใƒฌใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ (British Broadcasting Corporation) ใฏใ€
48:40
a well-known organisation
679
2920111
3603
48:43
that makes TV shows and reports the news.
680
2923948
3770
ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“็•ช็ต„ใ‚’ๅˆถไฝœใ—ใ€ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ๅ ฑ้“ใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ‰ๅใช็ต„็น”ใงใ™ใ€‚
48:49
Then we have a place.
681
2929554
1568
ๆฌกใซใ€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
48:51
A place name
682
2931122
1902
48:53
Allah, a Los Angeles,
683
2933124
3336
ใ‚ขใƒฉใƒผใ€ใƒญใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ผใƒซใ‚นใ€
48:56
the City of Angels, Los Angeles
684
2936494
4438
ๅคฉไฝฟใฎ่ก—ใ€ใƒญใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ผใƒซใ‚น
49:00
and the United States is often abbreviated to L.A. L.A.
685
2940932
4704
ใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซๅˆ่ก†ๅ›ฝใฎๅœฐๅใฏใ€L.A. L.A. ใจ็•ฅใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Š
49:06
I'm going to L.A.
686
2946604
1501
49:08
for a conference.
687
2948105
4371
ใพใ™ใ€‚ไผš่ญฐใฎใŸใ‚ใซ L.A. ใซ่กŒใไบˆๅฎšใงใ™ใ€‚
49:12
P l c is another abbreviation we often use
688
2952476
4338
P l c ใฏ
49:17
when we talk about a public limited company.
689
2957148
3670
ใ€ๅ…ฌ้–‹ๆœ‰้™ไผš็คพใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎ็•ฅ่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
49:20
A company that is publicly owned
690
2960818
2936
ๅ…ฌ้–‹ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไผš็คพ
49:25
is p l c
691
2965723
2769
ใฏ p l c
49:28
public limited company is another one.
692
2968492
3604
public limited company ใงใ™ใ€‚
49:33
This is an organisation that exists here
693
2973464
2736
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใƒชใ‚นใ‚’้™คใๅ‹•็‰ฉ
49:36
in the UK to protect
694
2976200
2536
ใ‚’ไฟ่ญทใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใ“่‹ฑๅ›ฝใซๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹็ต„็น”ใงใ™
49:39
the animal, except squirrels.
695
2979403
3537
ใ€‚
49:44
Apparently grey squirrels
696
2984308
2503
ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใ‚‰็ฐ่‰ฒใฎใƒชใ‚น
49:46
are not protected.
697
2986811
4337
ใฏไฟ่ญทใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
49:51
RSPCA is an organisation.
698
2991148
2970
RSPCA ใฏ็ต„็น”ใงใ™ใ€‚
49:54
It is the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.
699
2994418
5606
่‹ฑๅ›ฝ็Ž‹็ซ‹ ๅ‹•็‰ฉ่™ๅพ…้˜ฒๆญขๅ”ไผšใงใ™ใ€‚
50:00
But the thing you will notice here is
700
3000291
2936
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๆฐ—ไป˜ใใฎใฏใ€
50:03
some of the words are not initialised.
701
3003761
5472
ไธ€้ƒจใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒๅˆๆœŸๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
50:09
They have been ignored.
702
3009233
2002
ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ็„ก่ฆ–ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
50:11
For example, for the
703
3011235
3303
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
50:15
of two
704
3015573
2135
of two ใฎ
50:18
they are all left out of the initialisation.
705
3018542
4572
ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆๅˆๆœŸๅŒ–ใ‹ใ‚‰้™คๅค–ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
50:23
So instead of all of those letters, we just say
706
3023347
3437
ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€
50:26
R s p c, hey,
707
3026784
3437
R s p cใ€ใญใˆ
50:30
the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty
708
3030788
3270
ใ€็Ž‹็ซ‹ๅ‹•็‰ฉ่™ๅพ…้˜ฒๆญขๅ”ไผš
50:34
to Animals
709
3034525
2703
50:37
and Grey Squirrels, maybe the U.N.
710
3037495
4304
ใจใƒใ‚คใ‚คใƒญใƒชใ‚นใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ
50:42
we have the U.N., the United Nations.
711
3042066
4004
็งใŸใกใซใฏๅ›ฝ้€ฃใ€ๅ›ฝ้€ฃใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
50:46
They are quite busy at the moment
712
3046871
2168
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็พๅœจ
50:50
for various reasons.
713
3050174
4171
ใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็†็”ฑใง้žๅธธใซๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
50:54
Then we have o has to go back to the beginning.
714
3054345
3737
ๆฌกใซใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซๆˆปใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
50:58
I didn't mean to R.I.P.,
715
3058582
2670
็งใฏRIPใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ.
51:01
I think this is a a rather solemn, sad one.
716
3061252
3703
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใชใ‚ŠๅŽณ็ฒ›ใงๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™.
51:04
R.I.P.
717
3064955
1335
RIPใ€‚
51:06
We often say R.I.P.
718
3066290
2169
็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ˆใ R.I.P. ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
51:08
or we will write R.I.P.
719
3068459
2335
ใพใŸใฏใ€RIPใจๆ›ธใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฎ‰ใ‚‰ใ‹
51:12
to mean
720
3072062
1202
ใซ็œ ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ
51:13
rest in peace.
721
3073664
2669
ใ€‚
51:16
So you can see here we are actually using N
722
3076600
2770
ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซๅˆๆœŸๅŒ–ใฎไธ€้ƒจใจใ—ใฆ N ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™
51:19
as part of the initialisation rest in peace.
723
3079870
5439
ใ€‚ๅฎ‰ๅฟƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
51:25
R i p You will often
724
3085676
2703
R i p
51:28
see those initials on a tombstone
725
3088379
3670
ๅข“็Ÿณใ‚„ๅข“็Ÿณใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚คใƒ‹ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ็›ฎใซใ—ใพใ™
51:32
or a gravestone.
726
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3803
ใ€‚
51:36
Then we have D and D do not disturb.
727
3096086
5206
ๆฌกใซใ€D ใจ D ใŒ้‚ช้ญ”ใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
51:41
Maybe on an office door if there is a meeting taking place in an office,
728
3101392
5171
ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใง ไผš่ญฐใŒ่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใฎใƒ‰ใ‚ขใซใ‚ใ‚‹
51:46
you might see this on a door or maybe in a hotel.
729
3106864
4871
ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใƒ‰ใ‚ขใ‚„ใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
51:52
Maybe you are on your honeymoon
730
3112936
2069
ๅคšๅˆ†ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ–ฐๅฉšๆ—…่กŒ
51:55
and you don't want to be bothered by people knocking.
731
3115005
3537
ใซใ„ใฆใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒใƒŽใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๆ‚ฉใพใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†.
51:59
So instead you put end on the door.
732
3119309
2636
ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใƒ‰ใ‚ขใซ็ซฏใ‚’็ฝฎใใพใ™ใ€‚
52:01
Do not disturb.
733
3121945
1702
้‚ช้ญ”ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
52:03
I am very busy at the moment
734
3123647
2469
็งใฏไปŠใ€ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใงใ™
52:09
and finally.
735
3129153
2602
ใ€‚
52:11
Oh dear,
736
3131755
1268
ใ‚ใ‚ใ€
52:13
this is this is a very sad one, actually.
737
3133924
2169
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
52:16
GROSS domestic product.
738
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2603
ๅ›ฝๅ†…็ท็”Ÿ็”ฃใ€‚
52:19
We often say product or we can also say productivity.
739
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4037
็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ˆใ่ฃฝๅ“ใจ่จ€ใ„ใ€็”Ÿ็”ฃๆ€งใจใ‚‚่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
52:24
So your gross domestic productivity
740
3144067
2770
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅ›ฝๅ†…็ท็”Ÿ็”ฃ
52:26
or your gross domestic product.
741
3146837
2869
ใพใŸใฏๅ›ฝๅ†…็ท็”Ÿ็”ฃใงใ™ใ€‚
52:30
So that means how well your economy is doing,
742
3150140
2803
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ตŒๆธˆใŒ
52:32
how well you are doing economically
743
3152943
3103
ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใ†ใพใใ„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ๅฃฒใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใŒใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘็ตŒๆธˆ็š„ใซใ†ใพใใ„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹
52:36
with sales, the things you are
744
3156814
2635
ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
52:39
creating, your manufacturing,
745
3159449
2703
ไฝœใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ฃฝ้€ ใ€ๅ›ฝๅ†…ใฎ่ฃฝ้€ 
52:42
how much money are you getting back from your
746
3162553
3436
ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใŒๆˆปใฃใฆใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
52:46
domestic manufacturing?
747
3166590
2636
.
52:50
And we have been talking about that a lot
748
3170327
2202
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ๆ•ฐๆ—ฅ้–“ใ€ใ“ใ“่‹ฑๅ›ฝใงใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ
52:53
here in the UK over the past few days.
749
3173697
2369
ใพใ—ใŸ.
52:56
Let's just say our GDP
750
3176934
2969
็งใŸใกใฎ GDP ใฏใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็†็”ฑใง่‰ฏใใชใ„ใจใ ใ‘่จ€ใฃใฆใŠใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
53:01
is not great for various reasons,
751
3181171
2936
53:04
which I won't go into.
752
3184374
3270
ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ่งฆใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
53:07
Oh, here is some more now.
753
3187644
1702
ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
53:09
So these now are acronyms.
754
3189346
2102
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ็พๅœจ้ ญๅญ—่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
53:11
The next ones we are looking at are types of acronym,
755
3191448
4771
ๆฌกใซ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้ ญๅญ—่ชžใฎ็จฎ้กžใงใ™
53:16
which you like to see some acronyms.
756
3196587
3203
ใ€‚ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ้ ญๅญ—่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
53:19
Okay, then let's do it.
757
3199790
2135
ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚
53:21
There's something annoying me here.
758
3201925
1935
ใ“ใ“ใง็งใ‚’ๆ‚ฉใพใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
53:23
We just do that.
759
3203860
3571
็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
53:27
Very annoying.
760
3207431
2235
ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ†ใ‚‹ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
53:29
It's better.
761
3209800
600
ใใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
53:30
It's gone.
762
3210400
2636
ใชใใชใฃใŸใ€‚
53:33
So acronyms.
763
3213036
2269
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰้ ญๅญ—่ชžใ€‚
53:35
Who would like to see an acronym?
764
3215305
1502
่ชฐใŒ้ ญๅญ—่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹?
53:36
Okay, then we have Nasser.
765
3216807
4571
ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใงใฏใƒŠใ‚ปใƒซใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
53:41
I like this one because it is a very long title.
766
3221378
4638
ใจใฆใ‚‚้•ทใ„ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒˆใƒซใชใฎใงๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
53:47
It is the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
767
3227384
5138
ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ ่ˆช็ฉบๅฎ‡ๅฎ™ๅฑ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
53:52
That's too long.
768
3232522
1335
ใใ‚Œใฏ้•ทใ™ใŽใพใ™ใ€‚
53:53
It's too many words, too many letters.
769
3233857
2436
่จ€่‘‰ใŒๅคšใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใ€ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใŒๅคšใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใ€‚
53:56
So instead we can say,
770
3236727
1501
ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่ˆช็ฉบๅฎ‡ๅฎ™ๅฑ€ใฎ Nasser Nasser ใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€
53:59
Nasser Nasser,
771
3239262
2102
54:02
the National Aeronautics and Space
772
3242599
2703
54:05
Administration, when we are sending things into the air
773
3245302
3737
็‰ฉใ‚’็ฉบไธญ
54:09
or into the sky or into space, then we have a topic.
774
3249673
7908
ใ€็ฉบใ€ใพใŸใฏๅฎ‡ๅฎ™ใซ้€ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
54:17
Oh, this is another thing a lot of people are talking about at the moment
775
3257581
3336
ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
54:21
for various reasons
776
3261618
2569
ใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็†็”ฑใง
54:24
opaque, the Organisation
777
3264187
2436
ไธ้€ๆ˜Žใช
54:26
of Petroleum Exporting Countries.
778
3266623
4104
็Ÿณๆฒน่ผธๅ‡บๅ›ฝๆฉŸๆง‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ€็พๅœจๅคšใใฎไบบใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
54:31
So any country that exports petrol or petroleum
779
3271127
4705
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็Ÿณๆฒนใ‚„็Ÿณๆฒน
54:37
to other countries, they all belong to
780
3277067
2836
ใ‚’ไป–ใฎๅ›ฝใซ่ผธๅ‡บใ™ใ‚‹ๅ›ฝใฏใ™ในใฆใ€
54:39
an organisation called Opaque.
781
3279903
4204
ใ‚ชใƒšใƒผใ‚ฏใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹็ต„็น”ใซๅฑžใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
54:44
You might also say that they decide what happens as well
782
3284107
3470
ใพใŸใ€ ไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๆฑบใ‚ใ‚‹
54:50
and then we have a.s.a.p ASAP.
783
3290413
2970
ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
54:54
If you ask for something ASAP,
784
3294184
2436
ASAP ใ‚’่ฆๆฑ‚
54:57
it means you are asking for it as soon as possible.
785
3297153
4505
ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆๆฑ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
55:02
You ask for something ASAP,
786
3302125
2803
ใ‚ใชใŸ
55:05
you ask for it as soon as possible.
787
3305495
4338
ใฏใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใพใ™.
55:10
You want it straight away.
788
3310166
2169
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ™ใใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
55:12
You don't want to wait. I'm sorry, I can't wait.
789
3312369
2736
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅพ…ใกใŸใใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ๅพ…ใกใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
55:15
I need it ASAP.
790
3315438
5206
่‡ณๆ€ฅๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
55:20
Here's another one.
791
3320644
834
ใ“ใ“ใซๅˆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
55:21
I'm sure you know this one.
792
3321478
3069
็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
55:24
I remember the last time I mentioned this.
793
3324547
2336
ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซ่จ€ๅŠใ—ใŸใจใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
55:27
It was quite a long time ago.
794
3327484
1401
ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆ˜”ใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
55:30
Here it is.
795
3330186
1435
ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
55:32
Protests.
796
3332389
2335
ๆŠ—่ญฐใ€‚
55:34
The protests is the president of the United States.
797
3334724
4638
ๆŠ—่ญฐ่€…ใฏ็ฑณๅ›ฝใฎๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
55:39
When we refer to the protests, we are referring
798
3339763
3470
็งใŸใกใŒๆŠ—่ญฐ่กŒๅ‹•ใซ่จ€ๅŠใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€็งใŸใกใฏ
55:43
to normally the current president of the United States
799
3343233
5405
้€šๅธธใ€ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘้•ทใ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ็พๅœจใฎ็ฑณๅ›ฝๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
55:51
for how much longer
800
3351041
2068
55:53
remains to be seen.
801
3353710
2669
.
55:56
Finally, we have one that we are all familiar
802
3356379
2736
ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€
55:59
with almost too much
803
3359115
3570
ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใซใ‚‚ๅคšใใฎ SaaS ใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œ่ฆชใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
56:02
SaaS.
804
3362685
1402
ใ€‚
56:04
Yes, we know this one, Mr. Duncan.
805
3364087
1702
ใฏใ„ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใƒ€ใƒณใ‚ซใƒณใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚
56:05
We know this one very well.
806
3365789
1801
็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
56:07
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.
807
3367590
3370
้‡ๅบฆใฎๆ€ฅๆ€งๅ‘ผๅธๅ™จ็—‡ๅ€™็พคใ€‚
56:10
So this is referring to an illness that will suddenly
808
3370960
4805
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ช็„ถๅ‘ผๅธใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹็—…ๆฐ—ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใฆใ„
56:17
affect your breathing.
809
3377500
2336
ใพใ™ใ€‚
56:19
It is a type of illness, severe acute
810
3379836
4071
้‡็—‡ๆ€ฅๆ€ง
56:24
respiratory syndrome.
811
3384374
3236
ๅ‘ผๅธๅ™จ็—‡ๅ€™็พคใฎไธ€็จฎใงใ™ใ€‚
56:27
So this particular word, respiratory, refers
812
3387944
3537
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ€ๅ‘ผๅธๅ™จใฏ
56:31
to your breathing, all the organs
813
3391481
2803
ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‘ผๅธใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใ€
56:34
connected to the action of breathing,
814
3394717
3070
ๅ‘ผๅธใฎๅ‹•ไฝœใซ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ™จๅฎ˜ใ€
56:38
namely the lungs.
815
3398388
3670
ใคใพใ‚Š่‚บใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใพใ™.
56:42
And that, as they say, is that for now.
816
3402058
2636
ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚
56:46
So as you can see in English, there are many abbreviations that we use on a regular basis.
817
3406029
6640
่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๆ—ฅๅธธ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹็•ฅ่ชžใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
56:52
And the ones that we've looked at today are quite popular
818
3412669
3637
ใใ—ใฆใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅ่ฆ‹ใฆใใŸใ‚‚ใฎ ใฏ้žๅธธใซ
56:56
and are used quite often.
819
3416472
5272
ไบบๆฐ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€้ ป็นใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
57:01
Whilst we're on the subject of abbreviations
820
3421744
3871
็•ฅ่ชž
57:05
and changing words, I thought you might want to see this.
821
3425615
4705
ใจๅ˜่ชžใฎๅค‰ๆ›ด ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้–“ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“.
57:10
There is also something called a portmanteau, which is a word
822
3430320
4337
ใ‹ใฐใ‚“่ชžใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅ˜่ชž
57:14
that is made of the parts of two separate words
823
3434657
4071
ใ‚’็ตๅˆใ—ใฆๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎใงใใชใ„ 2 ใคใฎๅˆฅๅ€‹ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใงๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชž
57:19
you won't join ing words together to make a new word.
824
3439195
5072
ใงใ™ใ€‚
57:24
For example, the first one is Motel.
825
3444701
4104
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏใƒขใƒผใƒ†ใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
57:29
Motel.
826
3449505
768
ใƒขใƒผใƒ†ใƒซใ€‚
57:30
And so that is the combination of two words
827
3450273
5205
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒขใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผ ใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใจใ„ใ† 2 ใคใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใง
57:35
motor hotel, quite often
828
3455678
2870
57:38
a place where you can drive conveniently
829
3458548
2936
57:41
to a hotel, you can park your car and you can stay overnight.
830
3461884
4438
ใ€ใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใพใง่ปŠใง็ฐกๅ˜ใซ ่กŒใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€่ปŠใ‚’้ง่ปŠใ—ใฆไธ€ๆ™ฉๆปžๅœจใงใใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
57:46
We call it a motel, a motor hotel.
831
3466723
4437
็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒขใƒผใƒ†ใƒซใ€ใƒขใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
57:52
Then we have something called smog.
832
3472261
3103
ๆฌกใซใ€ใ‚นใƒขใƒƒใ‚ฐใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
57:56
Smog.
833
3476132
1668
ใ‚นใƒขใƒƒใ‚ฐใ€‚
57:57
When we talk about smog, we all combining
834
3477800
3270
ใ‚นใƒขใƒƒใ‚ฐใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€็งใŸใกใฏ็š†ใ€
58:01
two words smoke and fog.
835
3481104
3770
็…™ใจ้œงใจใ„ใ† 2 ใคใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
58:05
Quite often when the weather is humid,
836
3485608
2769
ๆนฟๅบฆใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใจใใ€
58:08
especially in the winter, you might find that there is a lot of smog around.
837
3488945
4905
็‰นใซๅ†ฌ ใซใฏใ€ๅ‘จๅ›ฒใซใ‚นใƒขใƒƒใ‚ฐใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
58:14
Maybe there is very little wind, so the smoke will gather
838
3494417
5439
้ขจใŒใปใจใ‚“ใฉใชใ„ ใŸใ‚ใ€็…™ใŒ้›†ใพใ‚Š
58:20
and if you have fog as well, then you have even more pollution
839
3500590
4704
ใ€้œงใ‚‚ ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€็ฉบๆฐ—ไธญใฎๆฑšๆŸ“ใŒใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅคงใใใชใ‚Šใพใ™
58:25
in the air. Smog
840
3505294
3837
ใ€‚
58:29
than we have cineplex.
841
3509131
2203
็งใŸใกใŒใ‚ทใƒใƒ—ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ‚นใƒขใƒƒใ‚ฐใ€‚
58:31
There aren't many of these left, by the way.
842
3511701
2035
ใกใชใฟใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉๆฎ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
58:35
Many of them are now closing down.
843
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅคšใใฏ็พๅœจ้–‰้Ž–ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
58:37
Cineplex.
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ใ‚ทใƒใƒ—ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ€‚
58:40
This is a portmanteau using cinema and complex.
845
3520176
5372
ใ‚ทใƒใƒžใจใ‚ณใƒณใƒ—ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸ้€ ่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
58:45
So when we say Cineplex Cineplex
846
3525881
4138
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ทใƒใƒ—ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚น ใ‚ทใƒใƒ—ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ
58:50
we are describing a place with many
847
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2168
ใฏใ€ๅคšใใฎ
58:53
screens, a place that is showing many movies
848
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5306
ใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ€ๅˆฅใ€…ใฎๅŠ‡ๅ ดใงๅคšใใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’ไธŠๆ˜ ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€
59:00
in separate theatres, a cineplex.
849
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ใ€ใ‚ทใƒใƒ—ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ‚’่กจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
59:05
Finally, we have infomercial, I'm sure at night.
850
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5305
ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ‚คใƒณใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒžใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใใฃใจๅคœใงใ™ใ€‚
59:10
Maybe you've been sitting up until the very early hours of the morning.
851
3550406
5038
ๆ—ฉๆœใพใง่ตทใใฆใ„ใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ๅฏใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใซ
59:15
Maybe you've been watching the television when you should be going to bed.
852
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ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
59:20
You will see lots of infomercials.
853
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3237
ๅคšใใฎใ‚คใƒณใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒžใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
59:23
An infomercial is a type of commercial
854
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3637
ใ‚คใƒณใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒžใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใฏใ€
59:28
that is also giving you information.
855
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5105
ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ไธ€็จฎใฎใ‚ณใƒžใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
59:33
I know what you're going to say, Mr. Duncan. That's not right.
856
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2703
ใŠใฃใ—ใ‚ƒใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€ใƒ€ใƒณใ‚ซใƒณใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
59:36
But it is
857
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667
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
59:39
infomercial.
858
3579335
1201
ใ‚คใƒณใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒžใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
59:40
There it is.
859
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1301
ใใ“ใซใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
59:42
There are many products
860
3582772
1635
59:44
that you will see being sold late at night on television.
861
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3570
ๆทฑๅคœใฎใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใง่ฆ‹ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ๅ•†ๅ“ใ‚‚ๅคšใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ ใ€‚
59:48
Normally someone is showing you something, a miracle device or a miracle tool.
862
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6306
้€šๅธธใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซ ๅฅ‡่ทกใฎ่ฃ…็ฝฎใ‚„ๅฅ‡่ทกใฎ้“ๅ…ทใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ›ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
59:55
They can do anything.
863
3595184
1735
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
59:56
And quite often in the very early hours of the morning, you will see
864
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4705
ใพใŸใ€ๆœใฎ้žๅธธใซๆ—ฉใ„ๆ™‚้–“ๅธฏใซใ€ใ‚คใƒณใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒžใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซ ใ‚’็›ฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
60:02
infomercials.
865
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ใ€‚
60:04
They are informational commercials.
866
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3704
ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚ณใƒžใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
60:08
So they appear to be something that is giving you information.
867
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4604
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
60:12
But in fact, they are trying to sell things to you.
868
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ็‰ฉใ‚’ๅฃฒใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
60:17
We call them infomercial.
869
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็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ‚คใƒณใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒžใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
60:23
Guess what?
870
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1402
ไฝ•ใ ใจๆ€ใ†๏ผŸ
60:24
We have reached the end of today's live stream.
871
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2702
ๆœฌๆ—ฅใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–้…ไฟกใฏ็ต‚ไบ†ใ„ใŸใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
60:27
I can't believe it.
872
3627449
1602
ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
60:29
I hope you've enjoyed that.
873
3629051
1168
ใŠๆฅฝใ—ใฟใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
60:30
A lot of information take in. But don't worry.
874
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ๅคšใใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒๅ–ใ‚Šๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฟƒ้…ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
60:33
You can watch this again.
875
3633255
2002
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
60:35
All of the information that I've given you today
876
3635257
2803
ไปŠๆ—ฅใŠไผใˆใ—ใŸใ™ในใฆใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใฏใ€
60:38
can be seen again later on.
877
3638227
4004
ๅพŒใงใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
60:42
And also there will be captions as well.
878
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2202
ใพใŸใ€ๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚‚่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
60:45
Yes, we have captions also, so don't worry.
879
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3771
ใฏใ„ใ€ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใฎใงใ”ๅฎ‰ๅฟƒใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
60:49
I won't leave you with no captions.
880
3649571
3070
ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใชใ—ใงใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
60:52
There will be some captions for you to watch later on as well.
881
3652808
4404
ๅพŒใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚ญใƒฃใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
60:57
When this is published on YouTube, I will see you again on Sunday.
882
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4739
ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒYouTubeใงๅ…ฌ้–‹ใ•ใ‚Œ ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใพใŸๆ—ฅๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
61:02
Mr. Steve will be here with us. By the way.
883
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2569
ใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ–ใ•ใ‚“ใŒ็งใŸใกใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€‚
61:05
He will be joining us on Sunday from 2 p.m.
884
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3971
ๅฝผใฏๆ—ฅๆ›œๆ—ฅใฎๅˆๅพŒ 2 ๆ™‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
61:09
UK time.
885
3669458
3870
่‹ฑๅ›ฝๆ™‚้–“ใ€‚
61:13
Oh, a lot of people are now talking about
886
3673328
2770
ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒ็•ฅ่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
61:19
abbreviations.
887
3679802
1902
ใ€‚
61:21
Very nice. Hello Jemmy.
888
3681704
2902
้žๅธธใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ‚ธใ‚งใƒŸใƒผใ€‚
61:24
Oh, can I say hello to Jemmy from Hong Kong?
889
3684707
2869
ใ‚ใ€้ฆ™ๆธฏใฎใ‚ธใ‚งใƒŸใƒผใซๆŒจๆ‹ถใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
61:27
Before I go, hello.
890
3687576
2669
่กŒใๅ‰ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚
61:30
Also to Unique Life Design.
891
3690512
3671
ใƒฆใƒ‹ใƒผใ‚ฏใชใƒฉใ‚คใƒ•ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใ‚คใƒณใซใ‚‚ใ€‚
61:34
I didn't see you here on the live chat, so it's nice to see you here.
892
3694183
4271
ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ– ใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒˆใงใŠไผšใ„ใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใŠ ไผšใ„ใงใใฆใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
61:39
Thank you for joining me.
893
3699221
1768
ใ”ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
61:40
Very nice.
894
3700989
1869
้žๅธธใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
61:42
It's time to go.
895
3702858
1535
ใใ‚ใใ‚ๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
61:44
See you on Sunday.
896
3704393
1334
ๆ—ฅๆ›œๆ—ฅใซไผšใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
61:45
I hope you enjoyed today's live stream and I will see you on Sunday.
897
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4305
ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ– ใ‚นใƒˆใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใŠๆฅฝใ—ใฟใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ใ€‚ๆ—ฅๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
61:50
Hopefully we will all have something to smile about.
898
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4204
้ก˜ใ‚ใใฐใ€็งใŸใกๅ…จๅ“กใŒ็ฌ‘้ก”ใซใชใ‚Œใ‚‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
61:54
I really, really hope so. This is Mr.
899
3714603
2836
็งใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใใ†้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฏ
61:57
Duncan in the birthplace of English, saying, Thanks for watching.
900
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3971
่‹ฑ่ชž็™บ็ฅฅใฎๅœฐใƒ€ใƒณใ‚ซใƒณใ•ใ‚“ใงใ€ใ€Œ ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
62:01
See you on Sunday.
901
3721577
1534
ๆ—ฅๆ›œๆ—ฅใซไผšใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
62:03
Don't forget also to give me a lift.
902
3723111
2369
็งใ‚’ๆŒใกไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
62:05
Please. It's a very simple thing.
903
3725714
3237
ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
62:08
All you have to do is click the thumb and this video.
904
3728951
5038
่ฆชๆŒ‡ใจใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
62:14
Give me a lovely line. Go on,
905
3734489
2536
็งใซ็ด ๆ•ตใชใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใ‚’ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็ถšใ‘ใฆ
62:18
please.
906
3738160
3303
ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
62:21
See you soon.
907
3741463
834
ใพใŸ่ฟ‘ใ„ใ†ใกใซใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
62:22
And of course, until the next time we meet here, you know what's coming next.
908
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3337
ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๆฌกใซใ“ใ“ใงไผšใ†ใพใงใ€ๆฌกใซ ไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
62:25
Yes, you do...
909
3745634
901
ใฏใ„ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ†ใ—ใพใ™...
62:32
ta tar for now.
910
3752975
1635
ไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใฏ tar ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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