To CUT SHORT using Abbreviations - @EnglishAddict - Mr Duncan - Lesson/CHAT - Wed 12th OCT 2022

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2022-10-12 ใƒป English Addict with Mr Duncan


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To CUT SHORT using Abbreviations - @EnglishAddict - Mr Duncan - Lesson/CHAT - Wed 12th OCT 2022

4,559 views ใƒป 2022-10-12

English Addict with Mr Duncan


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

03:24
I am all on my own today.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ˜ผ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
I am by myself.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚˜ ์ž์‹ ์ด๋‹ค.
03:29
I am on my Tod.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด Tod์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
Mr. Steve isn't here today.
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Steve ์”จ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
He's gone to do something
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๊ทธ๋Š”
03:39
rather unpleasant and a little sad.
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๋‹ค์†Œ ๋ถˆ์พŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์Šฌํ”ˆ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
Here we go again.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
We are back once more on a beautiful autumnal day.
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์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ฐ€์„๋‚  ๋‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋Œ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
It is windy, it is cool.
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋ถˆ์–ด์„œ ์‹œ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
It is a little bit wet as well.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ –๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
But don't worry, I am here to cheer all of that up because it's English addict
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์˜์–ด์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ง€์—์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ค‘๋…์ž์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฒฉ๋ คํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
coming to you once more from the birthplace of the English language, which just happens to be
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04:04
this is what is left of England. Uh.
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์˜๊ตญ์— ๋‚จ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Œ.
04:23
Hi, everybody.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
04:25
This is Mr.
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์ €๋Š”
04:26
Duncan in England.
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์˜๊ตญ์˜ Mr. Duncan์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
How are you today?
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋– ์„ธ์š”?
04:30
Are you okay?
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์œผ์„ธ์š”?
04:31
I hope so. Are you happy?
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํฌ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๋‹ˆ?
04:33
I hope you are happy.
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๋‚œ ๋„ˆ๊ฐ€ ํ–‰๋ณตํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์–ด. ์˜ค๋Š˜
04:35
Before I do anything else today, can I ask you to click that
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ข‹์•„์š” ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ํด๋ฆญํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
04:39
like button, please click
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04:42
your like button right now to show that you care.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ข‹์•„์š” ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
04:46
And also, hopefully YouTube will
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๋˜ํ•œ YouTube๊ฐ€
04:50
activate the algorithm
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04:52
on my YouTube channel so other people can get to share
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๋‚ด YouTube ์ฑ„๋„์—์„œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
04:57
their love of English.
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์˜์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
My name is Mr. Duncan. I love English.
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์ œ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๋˜์ปจ ์”จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚œ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด.
05:03
I am one of those up there.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
I am an English addict.
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์ €๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ค‘๋…์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
I like English very much.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
05:08
All of the letters, all of the words, all of the phrases
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธ€์ž, ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹จ์–ด, ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ
05:13
that we use in the English language, I love them all.
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, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
If I was completely honest with you, I wish I could marry every single one of them.
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์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘์™€ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
05:24
Here we are.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
Yes, we have made it all the way to the middle of the week.
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๋„ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•œ
05:28
I hope you have had a good week.
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์ฃผ ์ž˜ ๋ณด๋‚ด์…จ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
Where do I begin
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05:37
to tell the story of the world we are living in?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋””์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
05:42
That's almost like a song, isn't it?
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ž˜ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
05:45
I suppose I could.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
I could put some music to that.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์Œ์•…์„ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ์—‰๋ง์ง„์ฐฝ์ธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
05:48
Where do I begin
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์–ด๋””์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”
05:50
to tell the story of
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05:53
the mess the world is in?
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?
05:57
It is really.
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์ •๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
So that's the introduction. Over with.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์†Œ๊ฐœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋๋‚ฌ์–ด.
06:01
My name is Duncan. I love English.
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์ œ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๋˜์ปจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚œ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด.
06:03
You might say that I am an English addict, as I just said.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์˜์–ด ์ค‘๋…์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:07
Well, I'm saying it again.
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์ž, ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
Oh dear.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ.
06:11
I'm having a technical problem already.
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์ด๋ฏธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
There's always something, isn't there, to go wrong?
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜๊ธฐ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด์ฃ ?
06:17
There is. There is, definitely.
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์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
Mm hmm.
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์Œ ํ .
06:21
Yes, we have made it all the way to the middle of the week.
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๋„ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:24
It is.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€.
06:25
Oh, look, it's Wednesday, everyone.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, ์ˆ˜์š”์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
Baby, baby, baby, baby, baby, baby, baby,
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๋ฒ ์ด๋น„, ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„, ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„, ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„, ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„, ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„, ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„,
06:44
baby, baby.
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๋ฒ ์ด๋น„, ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„.
06:49
Technology already is being a pain in the neck.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ณจ์นซ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
Oh, you stupid device.
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์˜ค, ์ด ๋ฉ์ฒญํ•œ ์žฅ์น˜.
06:58
I'm going to try and get this to work.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž‘๋™ ์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
If it kills me.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์ด๋ฉด.
07:03
Oh, okay. Now, you. Come on.
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์•„, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์š”. ์ž, ๋‹น์‹ . ์–ด์„œ ํ•ด๋ด์š”.
07:06
That's nice of you.
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์ž˜ํ•˜์…จ์–ด์š”.
07:07
I don't want it now.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
07:09
No, I don't want it now.
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
You can go now. That's it.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์•ผ.
07:13
What I actually want is this.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
Yeah, that's what I actually wanted.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์›ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
07:19
Computer
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ
07:22
people always say computers one day will rule the world.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
I don't think it's going to happen.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
Even simple buttons that you press with your finger don't work.
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์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ๋„ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
So I doubt that technology
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
07:35
is going to take over the planet in the near future.
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๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์žฅ์•…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ์ง€ ์˜์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
I don't think it's going to happen. I really don't.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ •๋ง๋กœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
07:42
I don't think so.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
07:43
I don't believe it.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฏฟ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
07:44
You see, I don't think it's true.
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์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
Autumn has arrived
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๊ฐ€์„์ด ์™”๊ณ  ํ’๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์—
07:49
and it's really nice to see so much Autumn around in the air
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๊ฐ€์„์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๋– ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:55
from the sights and also the sounds.
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.
07:58
Everything is looking rather nice, right now
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08:01
because we are definitely 100% in autumn.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํžˆ 100% ๊ฐ€์„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฝค ์ข‹์•„ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
And I was out yesterday walking around doing some filming.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ์ดฌ์˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
Would you like to see what I filmed
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
10:47
All of that was filmed yesterday whilst out walking
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์–ด์ œ ์‚ฐ์ฑ…ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ, ์–ด์ œ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ
10:50
and it was a lovely day
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์ข‹์€ ๊ฐ€์„๋‚ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:54
yesterday, very autumnal.
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.
10:58
It feels as if autumn is in the air, lots of lovely sights
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๊ฐ€์„์ด ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๋“ค๊ณ , ์˜ˆ์œ ํ’๊ฒฝ๋„ ๋งŽ๊ณ ,
11:02
and one or two interesting sounds as well.
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์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋„ ํ•œ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:06
Mainly Mr.
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์ฃผ๋กœ Mr.
11:07
Steve walking along, complaining about things basically.
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Steve๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถˆํ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:13
It's very nice to have you here today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋ชจ์‹œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
A very strange day.
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์•„์ฃผ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๋‚ .
11:16
In fact, a lot of things happening around the UK, across
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์˜๊ตญ ์ „์—ญ,
11:20
England, Wales, Northern Ireland, everywhere, and also Scotland as well.
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์ž‰๊ธ€๋žœ๋“œ, ์›จ์ผ์ฆˆ, ๋ถ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ ์ „์—ญ, ์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ ์ „์—ญ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
Mustn't forget that Europe, Asia,
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ, ์•„์‹œ์•„,
11:31
South America, North America, Iceland, the North Pole.
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๋‚จ๋ฏธ, ๋ถ๋ฏธ, ์•„์ด์Šฌ๋ž€๋“œ, ๋ถ๊ทน์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
I wonder I wonder if I have anyone watching
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11:41
in the North Pole
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11:43
and or in the Arctic
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๋ถ๊ทน์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถ๊ทน
11:46
or the Antarctic, which is down there somewhere.
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์ด๋‚˜ ๋‚จ๊ทน ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์— ๊ฐ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ฃผ ๋จผ ๊ณณ์—์„œ
11:49
I wonder I wonder if I have people watching
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:53
in very far off places.
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.
11:55
I've always wondered that.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ถ๊ธˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
I wonder what the most remote place on earth
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ ๊ณณ์ด
12:01
is that you can actually get an Internet signal of any type.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ธ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
I wonder,
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๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
have you ever thought that?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
12:10
Probably not.
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์•„๋งˆ ์•„๋‹ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
Maybe in that video clip you just watched, you may have noticed some squirrels running around.
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ณธ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ํด๋ฆฝ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋žŒ์ฅ ๋ช‡ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋›ฐ์–ด ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
Did you know you might not realise this?
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:20
And it isn't very nice, by the way, what I'm about to say.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ , ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ์ข‹์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
But you can actually shoot and kill grey squirrels in this country.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ํšŒ์ƒ‰ ๋‹ค๋žŒ์ฅ๋ฅผ ์˜์•„ ์ฃฝ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
Anyone can, because they are classed as a pest.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•ด์ถฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:34
Because many years ago we used to have red squirrels
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์ˆ˜๋…„ ์ „์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ๋ถ‰์€ ๋‹ค๋žŒ์ฅ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:37
in this country, lots of red squirrels everywhere.
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. ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ์— ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ‰์€ ๋‹ค๋žŒ์ฅ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
But then someone decided to bring
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ํšŒ์ƒ‰ ๋‹ค๋žŒ์ฅ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ ค์˜ค๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:45
some grey squirrels over.
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.
12:48
And since that moment of time, grey
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํšŒ์ƒ‰
12:50
squirrels have pushed all of the red squirrels away.
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๋‹ค๋žŒ์ฅ๋Š” ๋ถ‰์€ ๋‹ค๋žŒ์ฅ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
In fact, in many cases, large parts of this country
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ง€์—ญ์—๋Š”
12:57
now have no red squirrels at all
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ํ˜„์žฌ ํšŒ์ƒ‰ ๋‹ค๋žŒ์ฅ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถ‰์€ ๋‹ค๋žŒ์ฅ๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:00
because of the grey squirrels.
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.
13:03
So we have everyone, if they want to,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
13:08
they can actually kill grey squirrels.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํšŒ์ƒ‰ ๋‹ค๋žŒ์ฅ๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:11
So whatever your viewpoint
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋™๋ฌผ ํ•™๋Œ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ 
13:13
is on animals and animal cruelty, it is a very strange law.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
It isn't one that I really agree with.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋™์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
I will be honest with you.
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์†”์งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:22
I don't think it's very nice to allow everyone just to pick on
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํŠน์ • ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:26
one certain type of creature.
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.
13:29
I don't think so.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
13:30
I don't think it's very nice.
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๋ณ„๋กœ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
13:31
What do you think? So we are allowed everyone.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:35
If you feel like going into your garden
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์ •์›์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€
13:38
and killing a squirrel, you can.
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๋‹ค๋žŒ์ฅ๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:40
But you have to do it in a nice way.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
Apparently that's the only rule that they have.
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:46
You have to kill the squirrel nicely.
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๋‹ค๋žŒ์ฅ๋ฅผ ๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ฒŒ ์ฃฝ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:50
I'm not joking.
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๋‚˜ ์žฅ๋‚œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ.
13:53
Very strange.
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์•„์ฃผ ์ด์ƒํ•œ.
13:54
Hello, everyone. It's nice to see you here.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:57
Who was first on today's live chat?
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ ์ฑ„ํŒ… 1์œ„๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜€๋‚˜์š”?
13:59
Oh, very interesting.
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์˜ค, ์•„์ฃผ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์›Œ.
14:01
The champion is back, everyone.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, ์ฑ”ํ”ผ์–ธ์ด ๋Œ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:04
Vitesse, you are first on today's
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Vitesse, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆผ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:06
Live Stream.
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.
14:16
Congratulations, Vitesse.
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์ถ•ํ•˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋น„ํ…Œ์„ธ.
14:18
You are first. Once again, you went.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
14:20
You are at the top of the pile, as they say.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋”๋ฏธ์˜ ๋งจ ์œ„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:24
Very nice to see you today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:26
I've just noticed.
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:27
I've just realised I haven't had a shave this morning.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ๋ฉด๋„๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:31
I hope you don't mind my untidy appearance.
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์ œ ์–ด์ˆ˜์„ ํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™ธ๋ชจ๊ฐ€
14:37
A person who looks a little untidy
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์–ด์ˆ˜์„ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ง€์ €๋ถ„ํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋‹จ์ •
14:41
or messy with their appearance
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14:44
can be described as unkempt.
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ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:47
It's a very strange word, unkempt.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:50
So if a person is unkempt,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊น”๋”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:53
it means they look a little scruffy, untidy.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ง€์ €๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด์ˆ˜์„ ํ•ด ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:58
They haven't taken much care with their appearance.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์™ธ๋ชจ์— ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
They look unkempt.
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์–ด์ˆ˜์„ ํ•ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:05
It's a great word that I like it a lot.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:08
Hello, Claudia.
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์•ˆ๋…•, ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋””์•„.
15:09
Old Claudia is here, everyone.
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์˜ฌ๋“œ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋””์•„๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
15:11
I'm very excited that Claudia is now here, because I suppose
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์ €๋Š” Claudia๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์ฃผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€
15:16
I should ask that very important question
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๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:20
that I like to ask every single week.
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.
15:23
The question is, what's cooking?
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์š”๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:26
Claudia What have you got in the pot?
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Claudia ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ƒ„๋น„์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:29
What's cooking?
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์š”๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ์•ผ?
15:30
Claudia Is it something spicy and hot?
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ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋””์•„ ๋งต๊ณ  ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ์Œ์‹์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
15:34
Is it something salty or not?
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์งญ์งคํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”?
15:36
Oh, Claudia,
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์˜ค, ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋””์•„,
15:39
what is in the pot? Oh,
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๋ƒ„๋น„์— ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”? ์•„,
15:48
what is in the pot?
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๋ƒ„๋น„์— ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:49
Claudia, please let us know what is cooking today or anyone for that matter.
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Claudia, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์š”๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
15:54
If you are cooking something nice, if you have something nice
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์š”๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
15:59
bubbling, simmering in your
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ƒ„๋น„์— ๋“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
16:02
pot, please let me know.
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, ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
16:06
Hello also to that seeker
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๊ทธ ๊ตฌ๋„์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
16:09
and we have returning once again.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋Œ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:13
It is Louis man that is his here today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฃจ์ด ๋งจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:17
Hello, Louis. Nice to see you back also.
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์•ˆ๋…•, ๋ฃจ์ด์Šค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:20
So what is cooking in your pot today?
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ƒ„๋น„์— ์š”๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
16:23
Claudia, please let me know.
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ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋””์•„, ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
16:25
Magdalena is here, apparently
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๋ง‰๋‹ฌ๋ ˆ๋‚˜๋Š”
16:29
watching in her workplace.
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์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:33
I can never remember where you work, Magdalena.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋ง‰๋‹ฌ๋ ˆ๋‚˜.
16:36
I'm sure you've mentioned it in the past,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์…จ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ
16:39
but I can't quite remember where you work.
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์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜์…จ๋Š”์ง€ ์ž˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:42
I can't remember everything you say.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:44
My brain is very small, as you know.
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ œ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:47
I can't remember all the things.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:50
Rosa is here.
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๋กœ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:51
Hello, everyone.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
16:52
Happy children's Day. Yes,
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ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋‚ . ๋„ค,
16:56
apparently today is Children's Day.
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋‚ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:00
So hello to all the children watching
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์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค
17:04
and also all of the grown up children as well.
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๊ณผ ์–ด๋ฅธ์ด ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.
17:07
Because we are all children really, aren't we?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
17:11
We all have an inner child. Child.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ฉด์˜ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด.
17:14
Sometimes we feel like doing something childish.
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์œ ์น˜ํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:18
Maybe you see some leaves in a field
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋ˆ„์›Œ์žˆ๋Š” ๋“คํŒ์— ๋‚˜๋ญ‡์žŽ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ 
17:23
lying on the ground and you want to run
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๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ณ 
17:26
and you want to kick the leaves around.
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๋‚˜๋ญ‡์žŽ์„ ๊ฑท์–ด์ฐจ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:29
Well, maybe you see a giant pedal in the street
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŽ˜๋‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ 
17:34
and you think to yourself,
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:37
I would love to dance in that puddle.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์›…๋ฉ์ด์—์„œ ์ถค์„ ์ถ”๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:42
That's is very childish
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์น˜ํ•œ
18:20
to do.
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์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:22
I only have one thing to say to that, and that is
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋งŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
18:26
meatballs.
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๋ฏธํŠธ๋ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:30
Apparently, Claudia has meatballs
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ Claudia๋Š”
18:33
in the oven with potatoes.
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๊ฐ์ž์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜ค๋ธ์— ๋ฏธํŠธ๋ณผ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ
18:36
Can I just say once again, I am very jealous.
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ๋ถ€๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:41
Last week, Claudia was on holiday on the beach, and I felt rather envious.
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์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ์— Claudia๋Š” ํ•ด๋ณ€์—์„œ ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ”๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:46
Today, Claudia has meatballs in the oven.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ Claudia๋Š” ์˜ค๋ธ์— ๋ฏธํŠธ๋ณผ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:51
And guess what?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ถ”์ธกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
18:52
I'm also feeling rather envious right now.
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๋‚˜๋„ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ข€ ๋ถ€๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค.
18:55
I hope you enjoy your meatballs very much.
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๋ฏธํŠธ๋ณผ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฆ๊ธฐ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:58
A lot of people make meatballs with pork, sometimes with lamb.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ ๊ธฐ, ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์–‘๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ฏธํŠธ๋ณผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
19:03
Sometimes I think you can have them as beef as well.
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์‡ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋กœ๋„ ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:07
You can make any meat.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“  ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:08
Any meat, I suppose, into meatballs.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฏธํŠธ๋ณผ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:12
And I suppose also there is a vegetarian alternative as well.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฑ„์‹ ๋Œ€์•ˆ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:16
If you don't like eating meat, you can have vegetable meatballs
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๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•ผ์ฑ„ ๋ฏธํŠธ๋ณผ
19:21
or vegetarian meatballs, I suppose.
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์ด๋‚˜ ์ฑ„์‹ ๋ฏธํŠธ๋ณผ์„ ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:25
Hello, Vitality. Kay. Hello.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ํ™œ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ€์ด. ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
19:28
Hola to you as well.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
19:31
Very nice to see you here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:34
And Aki is also here on the live chat today.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Aki๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ ์ฑ„ํŒ…์—๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:38
We are looking at abbreviations and something we haven't
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•ฝ์–ด๋ฅผ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์•ฝ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์„
19:41
discussed for a long time
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19:44
for abbreviations when we decide
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19:48
that saying many, many things is too much effort,
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๋งŽ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ๋•Œ
19:53
well, I often think that abbreviations
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์•ฝ์–ด๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์•ฝ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•ฝ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ฒŒ์œผ๋ฆ„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:56
are a type of laziness because quite often we use abbreviations
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20:02
instead of saying the whole sentence or the whole phrase.
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์ „์ฒด ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์ด๋‚˜ ์ „์ฒด ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์—.
20:07
So we do often use a brief evasions when we want to shorten
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์งง์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์งง๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค
20:12
or when we want to make something shorter,
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๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋” ์งง๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ์ข…์ข… ์งง์€ ํšŒํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:15
a type of sentence or phrase.
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.
20:18
We use abbreviations.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•ฝ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:24
Hello Rosa.
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์•ˆ๋…• ๋กœ์‚ฌ.
20:25
Hello. Also too. Who else is here today?
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋˜ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์™”๋‹ˆ?
20:28
Hello, Tom.
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์•ˆ๋…•, ํ†ฐ.
20:30
Tom Rocks.
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ํ†ฐ ๋ก์Šค.
20:31
Nice to see you back here as well.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:34
I'm always pleased to see people who have not been on my live stream for a long time.
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์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ œ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆผ์— ๋‚˜์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:40
It is always nice to welcome you back as well.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ€์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:45
It's lovely outside.
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๋ฐ–์ด ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:47
I want to show you some more views outside.
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๋ฐ”๊นฅ ํ’๊ฒฝ์„ ์ข€ ๋” ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
20:49
Look at that.
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์ €๊ฒƒ ๋ด.
20:53
Isn't that lovely?
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๋ฉ‹์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
20:56
Everything is looking rather autumnal
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20:59
outside my studio window right now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‚ด ์ž‘์—…์‹ค ์ฐฝ ๋ฐ–์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์„ ๊ฐ™์•„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.
21:03
I don't know what the weather is like where you are,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์˜ ๋‚ ์”จ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
21:05
but at the moment we are heading
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
21:09
very quickly into autumn.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์„๋กœ ์ ‘์–ด๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:13
Autumn is definitely here.
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๊ฐ€์„์€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:14
You might notice over the next couple of weeks the trees behind me
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ๋‚ด ๋’ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€
21:19
will start to change colour all of the leaves on
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์ƒ‰์ด ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์žŽ์‚ฌ๊ท€๋„
21:23
the trees will start to change as well.
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๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:28
Claudia says meatballs.
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ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋””์•„๋Š” ๋ฏธํŠธ๋ณผ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:30
We normally make our meatballs using beef.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ์‡ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏธํŠธ๋ณผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:35
Don't tell the cows.
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์†Œ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
21:37
Please don't tell the cows.
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์†Œ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
21:39
They will be rather upset.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:43
Thank you very much for joining me today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:44
Yes, we are looking at abbreviations in a few moments.
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์˜ˆ, ์ž ์‹œ ํ›„์— ์•ฝ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:49
Mr. Steve is not here today.
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Steve ์”จ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:51
I might tell you why he's not here.
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์™œ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์—†๋Š”์ง€ ๋งํ•ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:54
I'm not sure if you want to know, though, because it is a little sad.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์Šฌํ”„๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
21:57
But Mr.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
21:58
Steve today is going to pick up his mother's
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ์”จ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๋‚˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์œ ๊ณจ์„ ์ˆ˜์Šตํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:02
ashes today along with his sister.
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.
22:06
So not not a particularly pleasant thing to do.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:09
So that's what they are doing today.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:11
And that's the reason why Mr.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด Mr.
22:12
Steve will not be joining us on the livestream, maybe on Sunday he'll be here.
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Steve๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ค‘๊ณ„์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ผ์š”์ผ์— ๊ทธ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:19
In fact, I have a feeling that Steve will definitely
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ €๋Š” Steve๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ 
22:23
100% certainty
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100% ํ™•์‹ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:27
he will be here.
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.
23:55
and there he was, Mr.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š”
23:56
Steve in the Garden last week
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์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ
23:59
and the week before that and the week before that.
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์™€ ๊ทธ ์ „ ์ฃผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ „ ์ฃผ์— ์ •์›์— ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:02
In fact, if there's one thing Mr.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค Steve ์”จ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
24:04
Steve loves doing, it's cutting the grass.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž”๋”” ๊นŽ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:06
He really loves doing it
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
24:10
over such a lot.
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.
24:11
He does a lot of people talking about greetings today.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ธ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:16
Apparently in certain countries, apparently in certain countries,
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ํŠน์ • ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ํŠน์ • ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—๋Š”
24:21
there are rules surrounding the times and the way in which you greet people.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:27
I didn't realise that.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:29
So in some cases if you say good morning
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์˜คํ›„์— ์ข‹์€ ์•„์นจ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด
24:32
in the afternoon, it is actually considered rude.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฌด๋ก€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:35
I believe that is in Portugal if I'm not mistaken.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ฐฉ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํฌ๋ฅดํˆฌ๊ฐˆ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:40
So it is strange how that works out.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ด์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:43
Filippo is here.
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ํ•„๋ฆฌํฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:45
Hello, Filippo. Nice to hear from you.
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์•ˆ๋…•, ํ•„๋ฆฌํฌ. ์†Œ์‹์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:48
Have you ever watched the TV show Peaky Blinders?
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TV ์‡ผ Peaky Blinders๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
24:53
I have seen it.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.
24:54
It's a little bit too violent for me because I'm a very sensitive flower.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ฝƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํญ๋ ฅ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:59
But I do like their hats.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชจ์ž๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:04
As you know, I'm a big fan of hats and I've noticed in Peaky Blinders,
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์ €๋Š” ๋ชจ์ž์˜ ์—ด๋ ฌํ•œ ํŒฌ ์ด๋ฉฐ
25:09
a very famous BBC TV show
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BBC์˜ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ TV ์‡ผ์ธ Peaky Blinders์—์„œ
25:12
which is based Did you know this?
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์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
25:14
It is actually based on the gangs
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
25:19
around Birmingham.
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๋ฒ„๋ฐ์—„ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๊ฐฑ๋‹จ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:21
Not recently, but a long, long, long time ago.
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์ตœ๊ทผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์˜ค๋ž˜, ์˜ค๋ž˜, ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „์—.
25:24
The gangs that used to roam around Birmingham.
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๋ฒ„๋ฐ์—„ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ๋ฐฐํšŒํ•˜๋˜ ๊ฐฑ๋‹จ.
25:28
Did you know that?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
25:29
That's what Peaky Blinders is actually based on?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด Peaky Blinders๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
25:32
But yes, I do like their hats.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋„ค, ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชจ์ž๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:34
Quite often they will wear flat caps
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๊ฝค ์ž์ฃผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
25:38
in Peaky Blinders. Mr.
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Peaky Blinders์—์„œ ํ”Œ๋žซ ์บก์„ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Mr.
25:40
Duncan Oh, I thought someone would ask this today.
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Duncan ์•„, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ์ค„ ์•Œ์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ.
25:45
I knew it.
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์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด.
25:46
I knew it would happen.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
25:47
Mr. Duncan, can you please tell us what is happening with your economy
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๋˜์ปจ ์”จ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
25:52
and your pound?
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?
25:57
Oh, I don't even know where to begin, to be honest.
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์˜ค, ์†”์งํžˆ ์–ด๋””์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€
26:00
I don't know where to start with what is happening at the moment.
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์–ด๋””์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
26:04
There are so many things going on at the moment
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ 
26:07
with our economy
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26:10
and I'm sure similar things are happening in your country.
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ท€๊ตญ์—์„œ๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:13
But here everything is happening at the same time.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:16
Energy prices are going up.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:19
The economy is slowly sinking.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„œ์„œํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋ผ์•‰๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:24
Pensions.
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์—ฐ๊ธˆ.
26:26
A lot of people who are approaching retirement
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ํ‡ด์ง์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์—์„œ ์ธ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
26:29
or who are drawing from their pension
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26:32
might find that their pension will suddenly get smaller
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์—ฐ๊ธˆ์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ณ 
26:38
over time,
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26:39
money that they've saved during their working life
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์ง์žฅ ์ƒํ™œ ๋™์•ˆ ์ €์ถ•ํ•œ ๋ˆ์ด
26:44
might suddenly not be worth as much as it was before.
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ด์ „๋งŒํผ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:49
And of course, all currency as well.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ชจ๋“  ํ†ตํ™”๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:52
The pound.
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ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ.
26:53
So we measure the pound normally against the dollar.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:56
At the moment it's not very good.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:58
We used to have a very strong currency in this country.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํ†ตํ™”๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:02
The pound at one time was the strongest currency in the world.
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ํ•œ๋•Œ ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํ†ตํ™”์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:07
It was quite often stronger than the dollar.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข…์ข… ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ•ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:10
But over the past few years
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
27:13
it has slowly started to become lower,
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์„œ์„œํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
27:17
and over the past few days it has completely collapsed.
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์ง€๋‚œ ๋ฉฐ์น  ๋™์•ˆ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์™€
27:21
It's almost the same value
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ€์น˜์ด๋ฉฐ
27:24
as the dollar, which is not good,
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27:27
and some people seem to think it might fall
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:29
below the dollar,
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27:32
which is not good news, to be honest, although it is good news if you are travelling here
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์†”์งํžˆ ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์œ ๋‚˜์ดํ‹ฐ๋“œ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:37
from the United States, if you come here now
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ด๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค์‹œ๋ฉด
27:41
from the United States, you will find that you can spend a lot more of your dollars.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:47
So that's what's happening concerning our economy.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:51
It isn't very good.
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๋ณ„๋กœ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:53
Let's just say I can't say that I'm happy about the situation.
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์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ • ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
27:59
I and nor nor is anyone else to be honest with you.
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๋‚˜๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ •์งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:03
So that's that's it really.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:06
In a nutshell, if you explain something in a nutshell,
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์š”์ปจ๋Œ€, ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
28:10
it means you are explaining it quickly, briefly,
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๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๋žตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
28:14
with as much information as you can put across.
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.
28:20
So now, you know
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์ด์ œ Mohsin
28:23
hello to
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์—๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
28:26
Mohsin.
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.
28:27
Hello, Mohsin.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ๋ชจ์‹ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:28
I didn't see you on the live chat, so hello to you.
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๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ ์ฑ„ํŒ…์œผ๋กœ ๋ต™์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:31
I don't want to miss you out.
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๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋†“์น˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
28:33
Thank you very much, Mohsin, for joining me today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•ด์ฃผ์‹  Mohsin ๋‹˜, ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:35
We are looking at abbreviations
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
28:39
for the next few moments and I hope you will join me for that.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์•ฝ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:43
Oh, I also want to say a special hello
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์•„, ๋‚˜๋„ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐœ์—๊ฒŒ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค
28:47
to a certain dog.
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.
28:51
What?
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๋ฌด์—‡?
28:53
Hello to Nina.
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๋‹ˆ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์•ˆ๋…•.
28:56
Irene.
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์•„์ด๋ฆฐ.
28:57
A prank seen as a lovely little dog.
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์‚ฌ๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ž‘์€ ๊ฐœ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์žฅ๋‚œ.
29:00
Can you see it there?
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
29:01
There it is. Now on your screen.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๋Š”. ์ด์ œ ํ™”๋ฉด์—.
29:03
Very cute, very small. I would imagine.
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ท€์—ฝ๊ณ  ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
29:07
It gets very excited when it goes outside.
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๋ฐ–์— ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ถ„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:11
And I often find that small dogs have a lot of energy,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์ž‘์€ ๊ฐœ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ํ™œ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
29:17
a lot of vigour.
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.
29:20
It's a great word, vigour, energy.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด, ํ™œ๋ ฅ, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:24
So it looks like a dog that might get quite excited
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
29:28
when it is running around, when it is getting
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์ด๋ฆฌ์ €๋ฆฌ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‹ค๋‹ ๋•Œ,
29:31
outside and enjoying itself.
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๋ฐ–์— ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํฅ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:34
I think so.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
29:35
Beautiful dog, isn't that lovely?
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์˜ˆ์œ ๊ฐ•์•„์ง€, ์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
29:37
So thank you very much for sending me that to me.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:42
And I always love seeing your photographs wherever you are or whatever you are doing.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋“  ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋“  ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
29:47
If you want to send a picture or just say hi, here is the address.
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์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ธ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ฃผ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:53
The address is at the bottom of the screen.
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์ฃผ์†Œ๋Š” ํ™”๋ฉด ํ•˜๋‹จ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:55
You can send me an email or anything, a photograph
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ , ์‚ฌ์ง„
29:59
or maybe something you saw out of your window.
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์ด๋‚˜ ์ฐฝ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ฃผ์…”๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:02
Maybe a little bit of nature.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:06
Feel free to do so.
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์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
30:08
And there is the address.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:10
So now you know,
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์ด์ œ ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ,
30:14
yes, I am with you every
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์˜ˆ, ์ €๋Š” ๋งค์ฃผ
30:15
Sunday and also every Wednesday
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์ผ์š”์ผ๊ณผ ๋งค์ฃผ ์ˆ˜์š”์ผ์—
30:18
for those who aren't too sure,
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ํ™•์‹ ์ด ์„œ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
30:22
we are looking at abbreviation today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•ฝ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:25
When you abbreviate something it means you make
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ถ•์•ฝํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
30:30
something shorter, you make something
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋” ์งง๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ
30:33
less long, you shorten
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๋œ ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋‚˜
30:37
something to shorten a word or sentence so as to make it easier to use
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์งง๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:42
you abbreviate something to save time
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30:48
instead of saying lots of words,
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30:50
you can just use an abbreviation of some sort.
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ์•ฝ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:55
And I suppose it's worth mentioning that there are more
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์•ฝ์–ด ์œ ํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
30:59
than one type of abbreviation.
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.
31:06
If you abbreviate something, you shorten,
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ถ•์•ฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹จ์ถ•,
31:11
cut, curtail
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์ž˜๋ผ๋‚ด๊ธฐ,
31:14
a bridge, condense,
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๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ์ถ•์†Œ, ์••์ถ•,
31:17
you take something and you make it shorter
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜์—ฌ
31:22
in grammar or when we are using English,
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ์งง๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๋„๋ก
31:26
we shorten the sentence or the phrase
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
31:29
to make it easier to remember.
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.
31:32
And also, if you are explaining something very fast,
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
31:36
you can also use it then as well.
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์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:40
There are four
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๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€
31:42
definite types of abbreviation.
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๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์•ฝ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:46
We have Initialism, an acronym.
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์•ฝ์–ด์ธ Initialism์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:51
We have shortening and contraction.
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๋‹จ์ถ•๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:55
So these are different types of abbreviation
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์˜์–ด์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์•ฝ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
31:59
that exist in the English language
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32:03
for first of all, we will look at Initialism
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์—์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด Initialism์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:07
as its name suggests, an initialism is formed
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Initialism์€
32:11
from the first letters of a group of words.
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๋‹จ์–ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์ฒซ ๊ธ€์ž๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:15
We pronounce each letter individually.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:18
For example, we have f, b,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด f, b,
32:21
I Federal Bureau of Investigation.
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I ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ๊ตญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:26
You will notice quite often we will miss out words
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32:30
such as ver and of.
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ver ๋ฐ of์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋†“์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž์ฃผ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‘๋ฌธ์ž์–ด์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ถ•์•ฝํ•  ๋•Œ
32:34
They will often be missed out, left out or emitted
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ข…์ข… ์ƒ๋žต๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒ๋žต๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
32:39
when we abbreviate something
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32:41
in the form of an initialism.
440
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.
32:46
We also have a yes AP as soon as possible.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์˜ˆ AP๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:51
I've never very well known abbreviation.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์•ฝ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:55
Another one is C D said compact disc.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” C D๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ปดํŒฉํŠธ ๋””์Šคํฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ์ด์ƒ CD๋ฅผ
33:01
Although I
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33:02
have a feeling that not many people use compact discs anymore, I think most people have everything
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๋“ค๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„
33:09
stored in their computer or in their mobile phone
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋‚˜ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์—
33:12
as a file, to be honest.
447
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ํŒŒ์ผ๋กœ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:15
But some people still have CDs, compact discs.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ โ€‹โ€‹CD, ์ปดํŒฉํŠธ ๋””์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:20
Then we have another initial ISM CEO,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ตœ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž ์ธ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ISM CEO๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
33:25
which is Chief Executive Officer.
450
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.
33:29
Then we have F a Q
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ F a Q
33:32
frequently asked questions.
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์ž์ฃผ ๋ฌป๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:35
So questions that might arise commonly or maybe questions
453
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋˜๋Š”
33:40
that many people have and they are all very similar.
454
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:44
We can say that they are frequently asked questions.
455
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์ž์ฃผ ๋ฌป๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:49
Another initialism is p l c,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘๋ฌธ์ž์–ด๋Š” p l c,
33:53
p l c public limited company,
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p l c public limited company,
33:57
a company that is limited
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34:00
to the public space UFO.
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๊ณต๊ณต ๊ณต๊ฐ„ UFO๋กœ ์ œํ•œ๋˜๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:06
Oh, a lot of people know this one.
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์˜ค ์ด๊ฑฐ ์•„์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค ๋งŽ๋„ค์š”.
34:11
There are people who believe that there are
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34:19
aliens coming down from other planets.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰์„ฑ์—์„œ ์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ์ด ๋‚ด๋ ค์˜จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:23
USA Talking of strange
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ด์ƒํ•œ
34:27
aliens, the United States of America.
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์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ.
34:31
And finally, on our list of initial isms, we have v 80.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ism ๋ชฉ๋ก์— v 80์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:37
Of course this list is not exhaustive.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ๋ชฉ๋ก์ด ์ „๋ถ€๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
34:40
There are many other initial isms that we can use as well.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ism๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
34:45
So there you can see some examples of one type of abbreviation.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์•ฝ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
34:50
We call these initialism.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด๋‹ˆ์…œ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:56
We will also look at the rules for capital letters.
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๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™๋„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:59
If the first letters of the full form are capital letters,
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์™„์ „ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ฒซ ๊ธ€์ž๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•ฝ์–ด๋Š”
35:04
then we always write the abbreviation with capital letters.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž๋กœ ํ‘œ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:08
So you will notice quite often with abbreviations, especially initial isms,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•ฝ์–ด, ํŠนํžˆ ์ด๋‹ˆ์…œ isms๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด
35:15
you will always use capital letters, for example, in the full form.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์™„์ „ํ•œ ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž์ฃผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:20
We always write Federal Bureau
475
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Federal Bureau
35:23
of Investigation with capital letters for the first letter of each word,
476
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of Investigation์€
35:28
because it is the name of an official organisation.
477
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๊ณต์‹ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฐ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ฒซ ๊ธ€์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž๋กœ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:33
Therefore We have no choice.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ ํƒ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:35
We must also write the abbreviated form in capitals.
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์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•๋„ ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:39
So if it is a place, an organisation,
480
2139733
3103
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์žฅ์†Œ, ์กฐ์ง,
35:43
something that is a name of an organisation
481
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3437
์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„
35:47
or maybe even a place, we will always use
482
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4071
๋˜๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•ญ์ƒ
35:52
capitals, we will always
483
2152479
2002
๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ญ์ƒ
35:54
use capital letters.
484
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4004
๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
35:58
There are also rules in initial
485
2158485
3103
์ดˆ๊ธฐ ism ๊ทœ์น™๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
36:01
isms for full stops.
486
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.
36:04
In British English, we do not usually use
487
2164958
3337
์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
36:08
full stops between each letter for initial isms.
488
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3303
์ด๋‹ˆ์…œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ ๋ฌธ์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:11
For example, you will see that FBI
489
2171965
3237
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
36:15
in British English has no
490
2175669
2802
์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” FBI์—
36:19
full stop or period,
491
2179506
2102
๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
36:22
whereas in American English you will find full stops
492
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4971
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š”
36:28
or periods between each letter.
493
2188248
3103
๊ฐ ๋ฌธ์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:31
So in American English it is a question of style.
494
2191685
3303
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:35
Using full stops is more common in American English.
495
2195288
4505
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:40
So quite often when you see a initialisation,
496
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
36:44
an abbreviation in the form of using the initials,
497
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5105
์ด๋‹ˆ์…œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•์‹์˜ ์•ฝ์–ด์ธ ์ดˆ๊ธฐํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์•ฝ์–ด์—
36:50
you will notice that there are no full stops
498
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3837
๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
36:53
or periods in
499
2213873
2036
36:58
abbreviations.
500
2218144
1802
.
36:59
Here's an interesting one.
501
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1268
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:01
This is one of my favourite types of abbreviation.
502
2221214
2936
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์•ฝ์–ด ์œ ํ˜• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:04
I will be honest with you.
503
2224150
1502
์†”์งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:05
I do like abbreviations
504
2225652
3303
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‘๋ฌธ์ž์–ด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์•ฝ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
37:09
in the form of acronyms.
505
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3070
.
37:12
Acronyms an acronym is formed
506
2232992
3504
์•ฝ์–ด ์•ฝ์–ด๋Š”
37:16
from the first letters of a group of words.
507
2236930
3236
๋‹จ์–ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์ฒซ ๊ธ€์ž๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:20
We pronounce the acronym as a word.
508
2240266
3737
์•ฝ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:24
For example, you have nicer nicer
509
2244637
3637
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
37:29
you have naito,
510
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2536
naito,
37:32
o peck,
511
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1602
o peck,
37:34
pin, ram, sim,
512
2254881
4705
pin, ram, sim,
37:40
vat, zip.
513
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2636
vat, zip์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋” ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:45
For example, NAITO
514
2265391
2236
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด NAITO๋Š”
37:47
is the North American Treaty Organisation.
515
2267627
2703
๋ถ๋ฏธ ์กฐ์•ฝ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:50
So instead of saying all of those words, we just say Naito,
516
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5606
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋‚˜์ดํ† ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ
37:56
then we have PIN, which is a number
517
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3370
๋‹ค์Œ
38:00
or code that is usually used with a credit card
518
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4838
์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ์šฉ ์นด๋“œ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆซ์ž ๋˜๋Š” ์ฝ”๋“œ์ธ PIN์ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
38:05
or a way of using a code to enter a building
519
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์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ
38:11
personal identification number.
520
2291317
2870
๊ฐœ์ธ ์‹๋ณ„ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:14
So it is a type of code.
521
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2669
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ฝ”๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:17
And then of course we have VAT
522
2297390
2569
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” VAT ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜์„ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
38:21
value added tax,
523
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2236
.
38:23
that is what we call the government tax that we have.
524
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3603
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์„ธ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:27
We all have to pay 80 when we buy things,
525
2307634
4004
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์‚ด ๋•Œ 80์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
38:32
whenever we buy anything, we have to pay
526
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2202
๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ์‚ด ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
38:34
an extra charge on top.
527
2314674
3804
์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:38
So value added tax is a special case
528
2318478
3503
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜์„ธ๋Š”
38:41
because it can be two types of Abreva zation, it can be the acronym
529
2321981
5205
๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ Abreva zation์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‘๋ฌธ์ž์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜
38:47
and also we can pronounce it as the word VAT.
530
2327620
3871
์žˆ๊ณ  VAT๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:52
It rhymes with cat, but some people also say V8,
531
2332225
5772
cat๊ณผ ๋ผ์ž„์ด ๋งž์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ V8์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•˜์‹œ๋‹ˆ
38:58
so you might add V8
532
2338931
2269
V8์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
39:01
or you can add VAT.
533
2341701
3303
VAT๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:05
So you have a choice that
534
2345004
2403
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
39:07
rules for full stops.
535
2347707
3103
๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:11
In these particular abbreviations,
536
2351144
2902
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์ • ์•ฝ์–ด์—์„œ๋Š”
39:14
we do not use full stops after each letter of an acronym.
537
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3938
๋‘๋ฌธ์ž์–ด์˜ ๊ฐ ๋ฌธ์ž ๋’ค์— ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:18
This is because we treat acronyms as words and pronounce them as words.
538
2358484
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์•ฝ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:24
We never write full stops in the middle of words, and that is a basic grammar rule.
539
2364257
5272
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ทœ์น™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:29
So when we are using acronyms, there is no no need.
540
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3770
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‘๋ฌธ์ž์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:33
There is no need to actually put full stops
541
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3671
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์„ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
39:37
or periods in the.
542
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4405
.
39:42
Here's another one shortening.
543
2382108
2703
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‡ผํŠธ๋‹์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:44
Perhaps you've never heard of shortening things,
544
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2669
์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹จ์ถ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:48
but shortening ones are exactly what sound like it is.
545
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4471
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹จ์ถ•์€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ทธ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:52
When you take a word and you just shorten it, you take away
546
2392485
4938
๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•ด์„œ ์ค„์ด๋ฉด
39:58
most of the letters of the word.
547
2398391
2803
๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ธ€์ž๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:01
So a shortening is an abbreviation.
548
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2402
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‡ผํŠธ๋‹์€ ์ค„์ž„๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:03
It is an abbreviation in which the beginning or the end of the word
549
2403596
3870
๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ด๋‚˜ ๋์ด
40:07
has been omitted.
550
2407833
3037
์ƒ๋žต๋œ ์•ฝ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:10
There are two types of shortening.
551
2410870
3570
๋‹จ์ถ•์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:15
We can say
552
2415641
1568
40:17
shortening treated as real words.
553
2417209
3237
์‹ค์ œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์ทจ๊ธ‰๋˜๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:20
For example, you can have an ad
554
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3103
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
40:24
ad, which is an advertisement,
555
2424550
3370
40:28
so that is treated as a real word.
556
2428487
2937
์‹ค์ œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์ทจ๊ธ‰๋˜๋„๋ก ๊ด‘๊ณ ์ธ ๊ด‘๊ณ  ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:31
Even though we are shortening the word, we can still say ad
557
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ค„์ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜
40:36
and we mean advertisement.
558
2436395
3938
์žˆ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:40
Another one that I'm sure you are very familiar with is App App.
559
2440333
5605
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” App App์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:46
So when we talk about apps, we are talking about applications
560
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜
40:52
or software, general software
561
2452011
3136
์ด๋‚˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด, ์š”์ฆ˜์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฐ
40:55
these days, many people have apps in their phones, so the word app
562
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, ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์— ์•ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
41:02
is just the shortened version of application.
563
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์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์˜ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:07
We also have flu, flu, which is influenza
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์—”์ž ์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์—”์ž ์ธ ์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์—”์ž
41:13
influenza, a type of virus that can be spread
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์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์—”์ž, ํŠนํžˆ ๋งค๋…„ ์ด๋ง˜๋•Œ ๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ธ ๋…๊ฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
41:16
very easily, especially this time of year.
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.
41:22
Then we have blog b,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ b,
41:25
l, o, g, blog.
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l, o, g, ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:28
Do people still write blogs?
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
41:31
I remember way back in the early 2000s, everyone, everyone had a blog.
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2000๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:36
They were all writing about
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์ง€์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
41:39
their life and their knowledge.
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.
41:42
So a web blog is a type of website
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์›น ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ๋Š”
41:47
where people will normally write short essays.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์งง์€ ์—์„ธ์ด๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์›น ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:51
Then we have the word rhino.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:54
I love this word rhino.
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์ €๋Š” ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:57
Quite often this is used as a shortened version of rhinoceros.
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๊ฝค ์ž์ฃผ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ์˜ ๋‹จ์ถ• ๋ฒ„์ „์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:02
A rhinoceros is a type of animal with a very large horn
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์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ๋Š” ์ฝ” ์œ„์— ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ๋ฟ”์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
42:07
on top of its nose, hence the name or rhino,
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42:11
which means nose.
580
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์ฝ”๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋ถ™์—ฌ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:14
So we used type one shortening like real words.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹ค์ œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ 1์ข… ๋‹จ์ถ•์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:19
We write them and say them as one word.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:23
We are using them as if they are actual words.
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์‹ค์ œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:29
Then we have the second type of shortening
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์ด
42:34
and these are not treated as real words.
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์ทจ๊ธ‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:38
For example, you might have days of the week
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
42:42
when you write something down and you and you want to save time,
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ ๋Š” ์š”์ผ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:46
you just a brief yate the word for example February
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด 2์›”์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์˜ˆ์šฐํ•˜๋ฉด
42:53
we can write that down as s e b fib.
589
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ se b fib๋กœ ์ ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:59
We know what we mean, but you would never say fib.
590
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” fib๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:03
You don't say that.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:05
You don't say, I will see you next February.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋…„ 2์›”์— ๋ณด์ž๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:09
It only works when you write.
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์“ธ ๋•Œ๋งŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:11
So quite often when we have this particular type of abbreviation,
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์ด ํŠน์ • ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์•ฝ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ
43:15
it is only used when we write something down.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ ์„ ๋•Œ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:19
Saturday can be abbreviated
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ํ† ์š”์ผ์€
43:23
to s a t Saturday
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s a t Saturday๋กœ ์ถ•์•ฝ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
43:27
and of course Wednesday
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ˆ˜์š”์ผ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:30
or in fact any day of the week can be abbreviated type
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๋˜๋Š”
43:35
to shortening or only used in writing, as I mentioned.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์š”์ผ์„ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ถ•์•ฝํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:39
But when we say or read them,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฝ์„ ๋•Œ
43:42
we say the full version of the word.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:46
So you never use this type of shortening
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•
43:50
or this type of abbreviation when you are speaking.
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์ด๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์•ฝ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
43:53
It is only used in writing
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์„œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ
43:57
and you can see at the bottom of the screen
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ํ™”๋ฉด ํ•˜๋‹จ์—์„œ
43:59
there is a very good example of that use.
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ํ•ด๋‹น ์‚ฌ์šฉ์˜ ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:04
Oop, this is a big one.
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์•—, ์ด๊ฑด ํฐ์ผ์ด์•ผ.
44:06
Oh, my goodness.
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๋ง™์†Œ์‚ฌ.
44:08
Mr. Duncan, you are using all of the screen.
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๋˜์ปจ ์”จ, ํ™”๋ฉด ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:12
You are getting very, very dramatic today.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์ฃผ ์•„์ฃผ ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆํ‹ฑํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:17
Contractions, ironically,
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์ˆ˜์ถ•, ์•„์ด๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„
44:21
I can't explain contractions quickly.
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์ˆ˜์ถ•์„ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:25
I have to do it over a long period of time.
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์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:28
Contractions.
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์ˆ˜์ถ•.
44:29
They are another type of abbreviation
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๊ฝค ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์•ฝ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
44:33
that we use quite often in English.
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.
44:36
Contractions are abbreviations in which we omit letters
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์ˆ˜์ถ•์€ ๋‹จ์–ด ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜๋Š” ์•ฝ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
44:40
from the middle of a word.
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. ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜• ๋์—
44:43
We do not write a full stop at the end of a contraction.
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๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
44:50
The first letter is a capital letter
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44:52
only if the full word starts with a capital letter.
622
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์ „์ฒด ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ ์ฒซ ๊ธ€์ž๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:58
For example, doctor
623
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์˜์‚ฌ๋Š”
45:01
starts with a capital letter because it is a position
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์ง์ฑ…์ด๋‚˜ ์ž๊ฒฉ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
45:07
or a qualification.
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.
45:09
You are a doctor and then underneath you can see government.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์˜์‚ฌ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์•„๋ž˜์—๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:15
Government does not need
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์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
45:18
to have a capital letter.
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.
45:22
So when you are writing you will often see over t used
629
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ธ€์„ ์“ธ ๋•Œ over t๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
45:26
as a contraction of government.
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.
45:30
Then we have saint
631
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ฑ์ธ
45:33
saint a person
632
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2169
45:35
who has been sainted.
633
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์ด ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ ์„ฑ์ธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:41
Quite often we use s t you might also see s full stop
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๊ฝค ์ž์ฃผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” s๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:47
t or period between the letters s and t,
635
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s์™€ t ์‚ฌ์ด์— s ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ t ๋˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜๋„
45:53
but it is all were always used with a capital letter at the start.
636
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:58
Then we have Mr.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ
46:01
such as Mr.
638
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1735
46:02
Duncan
639
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968
46:04
that is often abbreviated to m r
640
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์ข…์ข… m r๋กœ ์ถ•์•ฝ๋˜๋Š” Mr.์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ Mr.๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
46:09
in American English, you will often find there is a full stop
641
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.
46:13
between those two letters.
642
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5172
์ด ๋‘ ๊ธ€์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:18
And then we have type two contractions, which are missing letters from more than one word.
643
2778670
5105
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด์—์„œ ๊ธ€์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๋ฝ๋œ ์œ ํ˜• 2 ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:24
We use an apostrophe to represent the missing letters.
644
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๋ˆ„๋ฝ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:28
So when we are writing a word,
645
2788513
2135
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
46:32
or if we are saying a word,
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2703
๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ
46:36
we can use contractions, for example,
647
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3871
์ˆ˜์ถ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
46:40
she's she is they said they would
648
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5939
she's she is they said they would
46:47
hive.
649
2807665
1735
hive.
46:49
I have
650
2809400
1502
๋‚˜๋Š”
46:51
don't do not
651
2811369
2569
ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค
46:54
we'll we will
652
2814939
2369
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
46:58
they are all types of contractions.
653
2818476
6173
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:04
And the interesting thing about contractions is you can use them in both written
654
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4104
์•ฝ์–ด์˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์€
47:09
and spoken English as well.
655
2829187
5105
์˜์–ด ์“ฐ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:14
Would you like to have a look at some well-known or maybe not
656
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4671
์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค ์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
47:18
so well-known initialism?
657
2838963
4772
์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ด๋‹ˆ์…œ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
47:23
Here we go.
658
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1234
์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:26
So we have a list of abbreviations
659
2846237
3070
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
47:29
from the top of the screen up there
660
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2168
ํ™”๋ฉด ์œ„์ชฝ์—์„œ
47:32
to the bottom down there.
661
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2503
์•„๋ž˜์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝ์–ด ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:34
First of all, we have i0cioc
662
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3870
๋จผ์ € i0cioc์€
47:39
which stands for
663
2859250
2369
47:42
International Olympic Committee.
664
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3170
International Olympic Committee์˜ ์•ฝ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:46
So the International Olympic Committee
665
2866691
2469
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตญ์ œ ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋Š”
47:49
is the i0c and that is how they are
666
2869360
3671
i0c์ด๋ฉฐ
47:53
normally referred to as the IOC, because it takes too long,
667
2873031
5505
IOC๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ IOC๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
47:59
say International Olympic Committee.
668
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3303
.
48:02
We haven't got time for that.
669
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3771
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:06
We are too busy.
670
2886511
1601
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฐ”์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:08
So people will often abbreviate that to IOC.
671
2888112
4405
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ข…์ข… ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ IOC๋กœ ์ถ•์•ฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:13
Here's another one.
672
2893618
2602
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:16
The World Health Organisation is often
673
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3771
์„ธ๊ณ„๋ณด๊ฑด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข…
48:19
referred to as hoo hoo.
674
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2803
hoo hoo๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:23
The World Health Organisation and that's who.
675
2903961
2670
์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ณด๊ฑด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ.
48:28
And then we have a very famous one, I'm sure you've heard of this one.
676
2908132
3837
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์–ด๋ดค์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:32
We have b, b, c, b b, c.
677
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b, b, c, b b, c๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:37
British Broadcasting Corporation,
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2917108
2469
48:40
a well-known organisation
679
2920111
3603
48:43
that makes TV shows and reports the news.
680
2923948
3770
TV ์‡ผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์กฐ์ง์ธ British Broadcasting Corporation.
48:49
Then we have a place.
681
2929554
1568
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:51
A place name
682
2931122
1902
48:53
Allah, a Los Angeles,
683
2933124
3336
Allah, a Los Angeles,
48:56
the City of Angels, Los Angeles
684
2936494
4438
the City of Angels, Los Angeles
49:00
and the United States is often abbreviated to L.A. L.A.
685
2940932
4704
and the United States๋Š” ์ข…์ข… L.A. L.A๋กœ ์ถ•์•ฝ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:06
I'm going to L.A.
686
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1501
I'm going to L.A.
49:08
for a conference.
687
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4371
49:12
P l c is another abbreviation we often use
688
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4338
P l c๋Š”
49:17
when we talk about a public limited company.
689
2957148
3670
๊ณต๊ฐœ ์œ ํ•œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•ฝ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:20
A company that is publicly owned
690
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๊ณต๊ณต ์†Œ์œ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š”
49:25
is p l c
691
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2769
p l c
49:28
public limited company is another one.
692
2968492
3604
๊ณต๊ฐœ ์œ ํ•œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:33
This is an organisation that exists here
693
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2736
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋žŒ์ฅ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜๊ตญ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
49:36
in the UK to protect
694
2976200
2536
49:39
the animal, except squirrels.
695
2979403
3537
.
49:44
Apparently grey squirrels
696
2984308
2503
๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ํšŒ์ƒ‰ ๋‹ค๋žŒ์ฅ๋Š”
49:46
are not protected.
697
2986811
4337
๋ณดํ˜ธ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:51
RSPCA is an organisation.
698
2991148
2970
RSPCA๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:54
It is the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.
699
2994418
5606
์™•๋ฆฝ ๋™๋ฌผํ•™๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ˜‘ํšŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:00
But the thing you will notice here is
700
3000291
2936
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
50:03
some of the words are not initialised.
701
3003761
5472
์ผ๋ถ€ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐํ™”๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:09
They have been ignored.
702
3009233
2002
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:11
For example, for the
703
3011235
3303
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
50:15
of two
704
3015573
2135
๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์ค‘
50:18
they are all left out of the initialisation.
705
3018542
4572
๋ชจ๋‘ ์ดˆ๊ธฐํ™”์—์„œ ์ œ์™ธ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:23
So instead of all of those letters, we just say
706
3023347
3437
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธ€์ž ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
50:26
R s p c, hey,
707
3026784
3437
R sp c, hey,
50:30
the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty
708
3030788
3270
the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty
50:34
to Animals
709
3034525
2703
to Animals
50:37
and Grey Squirrels, maybe the U.N.
710
3037495
4304
and Grey Squirrels, ์•„๋งˆ๋„
50:42
we have the U.N., the United Nations.
711
3042066
4004
UN์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:46
They are quite busy at the moment
712
3046871
2168
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ˜„์žฌ
50:50
for various reasons.
713
3050174
4171
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฐ”์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:54
Then we have o has to go back to the beginning.
714
3054345
3737
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:58
I didn't mean to R.I.P.,
715
3058582
2670
๋‚˜๋Š” R.I.P.๋ฅผ ์˜๋„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
51:01
I think this is a a rather solemn, sad one.
716
3061252
3703
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ์—„์ˆ™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์Šฌํ”ˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:04
R.I.P.
717
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1335
์ฐข๋‹ค.
51:06
We often say R.I.P.
718
3066290
2169
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… R.I.P.
51:08
or we will write R.I.P.
719
3068459
2335
๋˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” R.I.P๋ฅผ ์“ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:12
to mean
720
3072062
1202
51:13
rest in peace.
721
3073664
2669
ํŽธํžˆ ์‰ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป.
51:16
So you can see here we are actually using N
722
3076600
2770
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ N์„
51:19
as part of the initialisation rest in peace.
723
3079870
5439
ํ‰ํ™”๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ดˆ๊ธฐํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:25
R i p You will often
724
3085676
2703
R i p
51:28
see those initials on a tombstone
725
3088379
3670
๋ฌ˜๋น„๋‚˜ ๋ฌ˜๋น„์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด๋‹ˆ์…œ์„ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
51:32
or a gravestone.
726
3092283
3803
.
51:36
Then we have D and D do not disturb.
727
3096086
5206
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ D๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  D๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:41
Maybe on an office door if there is a meeting taking place in an office,
728
3101392
5171
์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์—์„œ ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค ๋ฌธ
51:46
you might see this on a door or maybe in a hotel.
729
3106864
4871
์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์ด๋‚˜ ํ˜ธํ…”์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:52
Maybe you are on your honeymoon
730
3112936
2069
์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์‹ ํ˜ผ ์—ฌํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๊ณ 
51:55
and you don't want to be bothered by people knocking.
731
3115005
3537
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋…ธํฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ฐฉํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:59
So instead you put end on the door.
732
3119309
2636
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋Œ€์‹  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌธ์„ ๋๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:01
Do not disturb.
733
3121945
1702
๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ.
52:03
I am very busy at the moment
734
3123647
2469
๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฐ”์˜๊ณ 
52:09
and finally.
735
3129153
2602
๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด.
52:11
Oh dear,
736
3131755
1268
์˜ค ์ด๋Ÿฐ,
52:13
this is this is a very sad one, actually.
737
3133924
2169
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋งค์šฐ ์Šฌํ”ˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:16
GROSS domestic product.
738
3136593
2603
๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ด์ƒ์‚ฐ.
52:19
We often say product or we can also say productivity.
739
3139730
4037
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:24
So your gross domestic productivity
740
3144067
2770
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ด์ƒ์‚ฐ
52:26
or your gross domestic product.
741
3146837
2869
๋˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ด์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:30
So that means how well your economy is doing,
742
3150140
2803
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
52:32
how well you are doing economically
743
3152943
3103
52:36
with sales, the things you are
744
3156814
2635
ํŒ๋งค, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
52:39
creating, your manufacturing,
745
3159449
2703
๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ œ์กฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€,
52:42
how much money are you getting back from your
746
3162553
3436
๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ œ์กฐ์—…์—์„œ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋Œ๋ ค๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:46
domestic manufacturing?
747
3166590
2636
52:50
And we have been talking about that a lot
748
3170327
2202
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
52:53
here in the UK over the past few days.
749
3173697
2369
์ง€๋‚œ ๋ฉฐ์น  ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:56
Let's just say our GDP
750
3176934
2969
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ GDP๊ฐ€
53:01
is not great for various reasons,
751
3181171
2936
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ํฌ์ง€
53:04
which I won't go into.
752
3184374
3270
์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
53:07
Oh, here is some more now.
753
3187644
1702
์•„, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ข€ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:09
So these now are acronyms.
754
3189346
2102
์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์•ฝ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:11
The next ones we are looking at are types of acronym,
755
3191448
4771
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ ๋‘๋ฌธ์ž์–ด์˜ ์œ ํ˜•์ด๋ฉฐ
53:16
which you like to see some acronyms.
756
3196587
3203
์ผ๋ถ€ ๋‘๋ฌธ์ž์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:19
Okay, then let's do it.
757
3199790
2135
์ข‹์•„, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํ•ด๋ณด์ž.
53:21
There's something annoying me here.
758
3201925
1935
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:23
We just do that.
759
3203860
3571
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:27
Very annoying.
760
3207431
2235
๋งค์šฐ ์„ฑ๊ฐ€์‹ .
53:29
It's better.
761
3209800
600
๋” ๋‚ซ๋‹ค.
53:30
It's gone.
762
3210400
2636
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ ์กŒ์–ด์š”.
53:33
So acronyms.
763
3213036
2269
์•ฝ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:35
Who would like to see an acronym?
764
3215305
1502
๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
53:36
Okay, then we have Nasser.
765
3216807
4571
์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‚˜์„ธ๋ฅด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:41
I like this one because it is a very long title.
766
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4638
๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธด ์ œ๋ชฉ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:47
It is the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
767
3227384
5138
๊ตญ๋ฆฝํ•ญ๊ณต ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ตญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:52
That's too long.
768
3232522
1335
๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:53
It's too many words, too many letters.
769
3233857
2436
๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹จ์–ด, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธ€์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:56
So instead we can say,
770
3236727
1501
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋Œ€์‹  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
53:59
Nasser Nasser,
771
3239262
2102
54:02
the National Aeronautics and Space
772
3242599
2703
๊ตญ๋ฆฝ ํ•ญ๊ณต
54:05
Administration, when we are sending things into the air
773
3245302
3737
์šฐ์ฃผ๊ตญ์ธ Nasser Nasser๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๊ณต์ค‘
54:09
or into the sky or into space, then we have a topic.
774
3249673
7908
์ด๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋Š˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ๋•Œ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:17
Oh, this is another thing a lot of people are talking about at the moment
775
3257581
3336
์˜ค, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ถˆํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
54:21
for various reasons
776
3261618
2569
54:24
opaque, the Organisation
777
3264187
2436
54:26
of Petroleum Exporting Countries.
778
3266623
4104
์„์œ  ์ˆ˜์ถœ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:31
So any country that exports petrol or petroleum
779
3271127
4705
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ ๋‚˜ ์„์œ ๋ฅผ
54:37
to other countries, they all belong to
780
3277067
2836
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ์ˆ˜์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘
54:39
an organisation called Opaque.
781
3279903
4204
Opaque๋ผ๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์— ์†ํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:44
You might also say that they decide what happens as well
782
3284107
3470
๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •
54:50
and then we have a.s.a.p ASAP.
783
3290413
2970
ํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ a.s.a.p๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:54
If you ask for something ASAP,
784
3294184
2436
ASAP๋ฅผ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๋ฉด
54:57
it means you are asking for it as soon as possible.
785
3297153
4505
์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์š”์ฒญํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ
55:02
You ask for something ASAP,
786
3302125
2803
๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ 
55:05
you ask for it as soon as possible.
787
3305495
4338
๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
55:10
You want it straight away.
788
3310166
2169
๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:12
You don't want to wait. I'm sorry, I can't wait.
789
3312369
2736
๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ด์š”, ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
55:15
I need it ASAP.
790
3315438
5206
์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:20
Here's another one.
791
3320644
834
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:21
I'm sure you know this one.
792
3321478
3069
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:24
I remember the last time I mentioned this.
793
3324547
2336
๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:27
It was quite a long time ago.
794
3327484
1401
๊ฝค ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:30
Here it is.
795
3330186
1435
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์žˆ์–ด.
55:32
Protests.
796
3332389
2335
์‹œ์œ„.
55:34
The protests is the president of the United States.
797
3334724
4638
์‹œ์œ„๋Œ€๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด๋‹ค.
55:39
When we refer to the protests, we are referring
798
3339763
3470
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์œ„๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ๋•Œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
55:43
to normally the current president of the United States
799
3343233
5405
์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
55:51
for how much longer
800
3351041
2068
์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜
55:53
remains to be seen.
801
3353710
2669
๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:56
Finally, we have one that we are all familiar
802
3356379
2736
๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜
55:59
with almost too much
803
3359115
3570
๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€
56:02
SaaS.
804
3362685
1402
SaaS์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:04
Yes, we know this one, Mr. Duncan.
805
3364087
1702
์˜ˆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋˜์ปจ ์”จ.
56:05
We know this one very well.
806
3365789
1801
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:07
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.
807
3367590
3370
์ค‘์ฆ๊ธ‰์„ฑํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ.
56:10
So this is referring to an illness that will suddenly
808
3370960
4805
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ
56:17
affect your breathing.
809
3377500
2336
ํ˜ธํก์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:19
It is a type of illness, severe acute
810
3379836
4071
์ค‘์ฆ๊ธ‰์„ฑํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ด๋‹ค
56:24
respiratory syndrome.
811
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3236
.
56:27
So this particular word, respiratory, refers
812
3387944
3537
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ธ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๋Š”
56:31
to your breathing, all the organs
813
3391481
2803
ํ˜ธํก, ์ฆ‰
56:34
connected to the action of breathing,
814
3394717
3070
ํ˜ธํก ์ž‘์šฉ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ๊ด€,
56:38
namely the lungs.
815
3398388
3670
์ฆ‰ ํ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:42
And that, as they say, is that for now.
816
3402058
2636
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:46
So as you can see in English, there are many abbreviations that we use on a regular basis.
817
3406029
6640
์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์•ฝ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:52
And the ones that we've looked at today are quite popular
818
3412669
3637
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฝค ์œ ๋ช…
56:56
and are used quite often.
819
3416472
5272
ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฝค ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:01
Whilst we're on the subject of abbreviations
820
3421744
3871
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ์–ด
57:05
and changing words, I thought you might want to see this.
821
3425615
4705
์™€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:10
There is also something called a portmanteau, which is a word
822
3430320
4337
57:14
that is made of the parts of two separate words
823
3434657
4071
57:19
you won't join ing words together to make a new word.
824
3439195
5072
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๋‹จ์–ด์ธ portmanteau๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:24
For example, the first one is Motel.
825
3444701
4104
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋ชจํ…”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:29
Motel.
826
3449505
768
๋ชจํ…”.
57:30
And so that is the combination of two words
827
3450273
5205
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจํ„ฐ ํ˜ธํ…”์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
57:35
motor hotel, quite often
828
3455678
2870
. ์ข…์ข… ํ˜ธํ…”๊นŒ์ง€
57:38
a place where you can drive conveniently
829
3458548
2936
ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์šด์ „ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
57:41
to a hotel, you can park your car and you can stay overnight.
830
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์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ฐจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ•˜๋ฃป๋ฐค์„ ๋ฌต์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:46
We call it a motel, a motor hotel.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชจํ…”, ๋ชจํ„ฐ ํ˜ธํ…”์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:52
Then we have something called smog.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์Šค๋ชจ๊ทธ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:56
Smog.
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์Šค๋ชจ๊ทธ.
57:57
When we talk about smog, we all combining
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์Šค๋ชจ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘
58:01
two words smoke and fog.
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์—ฐ๊ธฐ์™€ ์•ˆ๊ฐœ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:05
Quite often when the weather is humid,
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๋‚ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ์Šตํ•  ๋•Œ,
58:08
especially in the winter, you might find that there is a lot of smog around.
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ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฒจ์šธ์— ๊ฝค ์ž์ฃผ ์Šค๋ชจ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:14
Maybe there is very little wind, so the smoke will gather
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์ด๊ณ 
58:20
and if you have fog as well, then you have even more pollution
839
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์•ˆ๊ฐœ๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์‹ฌํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
58:25
in the air. Smog
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.
58:29
than we have cineplex.
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์‹œ๋„คํ”Œ๋ ‰์Šค๋ณด๋‹ค ์Šค๋ชจ๊ทธ. ๊ทธ๊ฑด
58:31
There aren't many of these left, by the way.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:35
Many of them are now closing down.
843
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:37
Cineplex.
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์”จ๋„คํ”Œ๋ ‰์Šค.
58:40
This is a portmanteau using cinema and complex.
845
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์ด๋Š” ์‹œ๋„ค๋งˆ(cinema)์™€ ์ฝคํ”Œ๋ ‰์Šค(complex)๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:45
So when we say Cineplex Cineplex
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ Cineplex Cineplex๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ
58:50
we are describing a place with many
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€
58:53
screens, a place that is showing many movies
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์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ, ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ๊ทน์žฅ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ƒ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ
59:00
in separate theatres, a cineplex.
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, ์‹œ๋„คํ”Œ๋ ‰์Šค๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:05
Finally, we have infomercial, I'm sure at night.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด ๊ด‘๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐค์—๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:10
Maybe you've been sitting up until the very early hours of the morning.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•„์นจ์˜ ์•„์ฃผ ์ด๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€ ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ
59:15
Maybe you've been watching the television when you should be going to bed.
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TV๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
59:20
You will see lots of infomercials.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ •๋ณด ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:23
An infomercial is a type of commercial
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์ •๋ณด ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด‘๊ณ  ์œ ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
59:28
that is also giving you information.
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.
59:33
I know what you're going to say, Mr. Duncan. That's not right.
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๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์”€์„ ํ•˜์‹ค์ง€ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋˜์ปจ ์”จ. ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:36
But it is
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
59:39
infomercial.
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์ •๋ณด ๊ด‘๊ณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:40
There it is.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๋Š”. ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „์—์„œ ์‹ฌ์•ผ์— ํŒ๋งค๋˜๋Š”
59:42
There are many products
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๋งŽ์€ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
59:44
that you will see being sold late at night on television.
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.
59:48
Normally someone is showing you something, a miracle device or a miracle tool.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์ ์˜ ์žฅ์น˜๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์ ์˜ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:55
They can do anything.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:56
And quite often in the very early hours of the morning, you will see
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฝค ์ž์ฃผ ์•„์นจ์˜ ๋งค์šฐ ์ด๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋‹น์‹ ์€
60:02
infomercials.
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์ •๋ณด ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:04
They are informational commercials.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด‘๊ณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:08
So they appear to be something that is giving you information.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:12
But in fact, they are trying to sell things to you.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ํŒ”๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:17
We call them infomercial.
869
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ •๋ณด ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:23
Guess what?
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๋ญ”์ง€ ๋งž์ถฐ๋ด?
60:24
We have reached the end of today's live stream.
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์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์ƒ๋ฐฉ์†ก์ด ๋ง‰๋ฐ”์ง€์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:27
I can't believe it.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค.
60:29
I hope you've enjoyed that.
873
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๊ฒผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:30
A lot of information take in. But don't worry.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
60:33
You can watch this again.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:35
All of the information that I've given you today
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋Š”
60:38
can be seen again later on.
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:42
And also there will be captions as well.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ž๋ง‰๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:45
Yes, we have captions also, so don't worry.
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์˜ˆ, ์ž๋ง‰๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
60:49
I won't leave you with no captions.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์บก์…˜ ์—†์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋– ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:52
There will be some captions for you to watch later on as well.
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์บก์…˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:57
When this is published on YouTube, I will see you again on Sunday.
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์ด ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ์— ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜๋ฉด ์ผ์š”์ผ์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:02
Mr. Steve will be here with us. By the way.
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Steve ์”จ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ.
61:05
He will be joining us on Sunday from 2 p.m.
884
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ผ์š”์ผ ์˜คํ›„ 2์‹œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:09
UK time.
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์˜๊ตญ ์‹œ๊ฐ„.
61:13
Oh, a lot of people are now talking about
886
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์•„, ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•ฝ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
61:19
abbreviations.
887
3679802
1902
.
61:21
Very nice. Hello Jemmy.
888
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2902
์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์•„์š”. ์•ˆ๋…• ์ œ๋ฏธ.
61:24
Oh, can I say hello to Jemmy from Hong Kong?
889
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์•„, ํ™์ฝฉ์—์„œ ์˜จ Jemmy์—๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‚ฌํ•ด๋„ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
61:27
Before I go, hello.
890
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๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
61:30
Also to Unique Life Design.
891
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๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๋ผ์ดํ”„ ๋””์ž์ธ์—๋„.
61:34
I didn't see you here on the live chat, so it's nice to see you here.
892
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๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ ์ฑ„ํŒ…์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชป ๋ดค๋Š”๋ฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:39
Thank you for joining me.
893
3699221
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:40
Very nice.
894
3700989
1869
์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์•„์š”.
61:42
It's time to go.
895
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1535
๊ฐˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:44
See you on Sunday.
896
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์ผ์š”์ผ์— ๋งŒ๋‚˜.
61:45
I hope you enjoyed today's live stream and I will see you on Sunday.
897
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4305
์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฐ์ด ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šฐ์…จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ฉฐ ์ผ์š”์ผ์— ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:50
Hopefully we will all have something to smile about.
898
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์›ƒ์„ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:54
I really, really hope so. This is Mr.
899
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์ •๋ง, ์ •๋ง ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:57
Duncan in the birthplace of English, saying, Thanks for watching.
900
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3971
์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ์˜์–ด์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ง€ ๋˜์ปจ์”จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:01
See you on Sunday.
901
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1534
์ผ์š”์ผ์— ๋งŒ๋‚˜.
62:03
Don't forget also to give me a lift.
902
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2369
๋‚˜๋ฅผ ํƒœ์›Œ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
62:05
Please. It's a very simple thing.
903
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์ œ๋ฐœ. ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:08
All you have to do is click the thumb and this video.
904
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์—„์ง€์™€ ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:14
Give me a lovely line. Go on,
905
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์‚ฌ๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ผ์ธ์„ ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์„ธ์š”
62:18
please.
906
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3303
.
62:21
See you soon.
907
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834
๊ณง ๋ด์š”.
62:22
And of course, until the next time we meet here, you know what's coming next.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:25
Yes, you do...
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๊ทธ๋ž˜, ์ง€๊ธˆ์€... ๋”ฐ
62:32
ta tar for now.
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ํƒ€๋ฅด.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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