To CUT SHORT using Abbreviations - @EnglishAddict - Mr Duncan - Lesson/CHAT - Wed 12th OCT 2022

I am all on my own today.

I am by myself.

I am on my Tod.

Mr. Steve isn't here today.

He's gone to do something

rather unpleasant and a little sad.

Here we go again.

We are back once more on a beautiful autumnal day.

It is windy, it is cool.

It is a little bit wet as well.

But don't worry, I am here to cheer all of that up because it's English addict

coming to you once more from the birthplace of the English language, which just happens to be

this is what is left of England. Uh.

Hi, everybody.

This is Mr.

Duncan in England.

How are you today?

Are you okay?

I hope so. Are you happy?

I hope you are happy.

Before I do anything else today, can I ask you to click that

like button, please click

your like button right now to show that you care.

And also, hopefully YouTube will

activate the algorithm

on my YouTube channel so other people can get to share

their love of English.

My name is Mr. Duncan. I love English.

I am one of those up there.

I am an English addict.

I like English very much.

All of the letters, all of the words, all of the phrases

that we use in the English language, I love them all.

If I was completely honest with you, I wish I could marry every single one of them.

Here we are.

Yes, we have made it all the way to the middle of the week.

I hope you have had a good week.

Where do I begin

to tell the story of the world we are living in?

That's almost like a song, isn't it?

I suppose I could.

I could put some music to that.

Where do I begin

to tell the story of

the mess the world is in?

It is really.

So that's the introduction. Over with.

My name is Duncan. I love English.

You might say that I am an English addict, as I just said.

Well, I'm saying it again.

Oh dear.

I'm having a technical problem already.

There's always something, isn't there, to go wrong?

There is. There is, definitely.

Mm hmm.

Yes, we have made it all the way to the middle of the week.

It is.

Oh, look, it's Wednesday, everyone.

Baby, baby, baby, baby, baby, baby, baby,

baby, baby.

Technology already is being a pain in the neck.

Oh, you stupid device.

I'm going to try and get this to work.

If it kills me.

Oh, okay. Now, you. Come on.

That's nice of you.

I don't want it now.

No, I don't want it now.

You can go now. That's it.

What I actually want is this.

Yeah, that's what I actually wanted.

Computer

people always say computers one day will rule the world.

I don't think it's going to happen.

Even simple buttons that you press with your finger don't work.

So I doubt that technology

is going to take over the planet in the near future.

I don't think it's going to happen. I really don't.

I don't think so.

I don't believe it.

You see, I don't think it's true.

Autumn has arrived

and it's really nice to see so much Autumn around in the air

from the sights and also the sounds.

Everything is looking rather nice, right now

because we are definitely 100% in autumn.

And I was out yesterday walking around doing some filming.

Would you like to see what I filmed

All of that was filmed yesterday whilst out walking

and it was a lovely day

yesterday, very autumnal.

It feels as if autumn is in the air, lots of lovely sights

and one or two interesting sounds as well.

Mainly Mr.

Steve walking along, complaining about things basically.

It's very nice to have you here today.

A very strange day.

In fact, a lot of things happening around the UK, across

England, Wales, Northern Ireland, everywhere, and also Scotland as well.

Mustn't forget that Europe, Asia,

South America, North America, Iceland, the North Pole.

I wonder I wonder if I have anyone watching

in the North Pole

and or in the Arctic

or the Antarctic, which is down there somewhere.

I wonder I wonder if I have people watching

in very far off places.

I've always wondered that.

I wonder what the most remote place on earth

is that you can actually get an Internet signal of any type.

I wonder,

have you ever thought that?

Probably not.

Maybe in that video clip you just watched, you may have noticed some squirrels running around.

Did you know you might not realise this?

And it isn't very nice, by the way, what I'm about to say.

But you can actually shoot and kill grey squirrels in this country.

Anyone can, because they are classed as a pest.

Because many years ago we used to have red squirrels

in this country, lots of red squirrels everywhere.

But then someone decided to bring

some grey squirrels over.

And since that moment of time, grey

squirrels have pushed all of the red squirrels away.

In fact, in many cases, large parts of this country

now have no red squirrels at all

because of the grey squirrels.

So we have everyone, if they want to,

they can actually kill grey squirrels.

So whatever your viewpoint

is on animals and animal cruelty, it is a very strange law.

It isn't one that I really agree with.

I will be honest with you.

I don't think it's very nice to allow everyone just to pick on

one certain type of creature.

I don't think so.

I don't think it's very nice.

What do you think? So we are allowed everyone.

If you feel like going into your garden

and killing a squirrel, you can.

But you have to do it in a nice way.

Apparently that's the only rule that they have.

You have to kill the squirrel nicely.

I'm not joking.

Very strange.

Hello, everyone. It's nice to see you here.

Who was first on today's live chat?

Oh, very interesting.

The champion is back, everyone.

Vitesse, you are first on today's

Live Stream.

Congratulations, Vitesse.

You are first. Once again, you went.

You are at the top of the pile, as they say.

Very nice to see you today.

I've just noticed.

I've just realised I haven't had a shave this morning.

I hope you don't mind my untidy appearance.

A person who looks a little untidy

or messy with their appearance

can be described as unkempt.

It's a very strange word, unkempt.

So if a person is unkempt,

it means they look a little scruffy, untidy.

They haven't taken much care with their appearance.

They look unkempt.

It's a great word that I like it a lot.

Hello, Claudia.

Old Claudia is here, everyone.

I'm very excited that Claudia is now here, because I suppose

I should ask that very important question

that I like to ask every single week.

The question is, what's cooking?

Claudia What have you got in the pot?

What's cooking?

Claudia Is it something spicy and hot?

Is it something salty or not?

Oh, Claudia,

what is in the pot? Oh,

what is in the pot?

Claudia, please let us know what is cooking today or anyone for that matter.

If you are cooking something nice, if you have something nice

bubbling, simmering in your

pot, please let me know.

Hello also to that seeker

and we have returning once again.

It is Louis man that is his here today.

Hello, Louis. Nice to see you back also.

So what is cooking in your pot today?

Claudia, please let me know.

Magdalena is here, apparently

watching in her workplace.

I can never remember where you work, Magdalena.

I'm sure you've mentioned it in the past,

but I can't quite remember where you work.

I can't remember everything you say.

My brain is very small, as you know.

I can't remember all the things.

Rosa is here.

Hello, everyone.

Happy children's Day. Yes,

apparently today is Children's Day.

So hello to all the children watching

and also all of the grown up children as well.

Because we are all children really, aren't we?

We all have an inner child. Child.

Sometimes we feel like doing something childish.

Maybe you see some leaves in a field

lying on the ground and you want to run

and you want to kick the leaves around.

Well, maybe you see a giant pedal in the street

and you think to yourself,

I would love to dance in that puddle.

That's is very childish

to do.

I only have one thing to say to that, and that is

meatballs.

Apparently, Claudia has meatballs

in the oven with potatoes.

Can I just say once again, I am very jealous.

Last week, Claudia was on holiday on the beach, and I felt rather envious.

Today, Claudia has meatballs in the oven.

And guess what?

I'm also feeling rather envious right now.

I hope you enjoy your meatballs very much.

A lot of people make meatballs with pork, sometimes with lamb.

Sometimes I think you can have them as beef as well.

You can make any meat.

Any meat, I suppose, into meatballs.

And I suppose also there is a vegetarian alternative as well.

If you don't like eating meat, you can have vegetable meatballs

or vegetarian meatballs, I suppose.

Hello, Vitality. Kay. Hello.

Hola to you as well.

Very nice to see you here.

And Aki is also here on the live chat today.

We are looking at abbreviations and something we haven't

discussed for a long time

for abbreviations when we decide

that saying many, many things is too much effort,

well, I often think that abbreviations

are a type of laziness because quite often we use abbreviations

instead of saying the whole sentence or the whole phrase.

So we do often use a brief evasions when we want to shorten

or when we want to make something shorter,

a type of sentence or phrase.

We use abbreviations.

Hello Rosa.

Hello. Also too. Who else is here today?

Hello, Tom.

Tom Rocks.

Nice to see you back here as well.

I'm always pleased to see people who have not been on my live stream for a long time.

It is always nice to welcome you back as well.

It's lovely outside.

I want to show you some more views outside.

Look at that.

Isn't that lovely?

Everything is looking rather autumnal

outside my studio window right now.

I don't know what the weather is like where you are,

but at the moment we are heading

very quickly into autumn.

Autumn is definitely here.

You might notice over the next couple of weeks the trees behind me

will start to change colour all of the leaves on

the trees will start to change as well.

Claudia says meatballs.

We normally make our meatballs using beef.

Don't tell the cows.

Please don't tell the cows.

They will be rather upset.

Thank you very much for joining me today.

Yes, we are looking at abbreviations in a few moments.

Mr. Steve is not here today.

I might tell you why he's not here.

I'm not sure if you want to know, though, because it is a little sad.

But Mr.

Steve today is going to pick up his mother's

ashes today along with his sister.

So not not a particularly pleasant thing to do.

So that's what they are doing today.

And that's the reason why Mr.

Steve will not be joining us on the livestream, maybe on Sunday he'll be here.

In fact, I have a feeling that Steve will definitely

100% certainty

he will be here.

and there he was, Mr.

Steve in the Garden last week

and the week before that and the week before that.

In fact, if there's one thing Mr.

Steve loves doing, it's cutting the grass.

He really loves doing it

over such a lot.

He does a lot of people talking about greetings today.

Apparently in certain countries, apparently in certain countries,

there are rules surrounding the times and the way in which you greet people.

I didn't realise that.

So in some cases if you say good morning

in the afternoon, it is actually considered rude.

I believe that is in Portugal if I'm not mistaken.

So it is strange how that works out.

Filippo is here.

Hello, Filippo. Nice to hear from you.

Have you ever watched the TV show Peaky Blinders?

I have seen it.

It's a little bit too violent for me because I'm a very sensitive flower.

But I do like their hats.

As you know, I'm a big fan of hats and I've noticed in Peaky Blinders,

a very famous BBC TV show

which is based Did you know this?

It is actually based on the gangs

around Birmingham.

Not recently, but a long, long, long time ago.

The gangs that used to roam around Birmingham.

Did you know that?

That's what Peaky Blinders is actually based on?

But yes, I do like their hats.

Quite often they will wear flat caps

in Peaky Blinders. Mr.

Duncan Oh, I thought someone would ask this today.

I knew it.

I knew it would happen.

Mr. Duncan, can you please tell us what is happening with your economy

and your pound?

Oh, I don't even know where to begin, to be honest.

I don't know where to start with what is happening at the moment.

There are so many things going on at the moment

with our economy

and I'm sure similar things are happening in your country.

But here everything is happening at the same time.

Energy prices are going up.

The economy is slowly sinking.

Pensions.

A lot of people who are approaching retirement

or who are drawing from their pension

might find that their pension will suddenly get smaller

over time,

money that they've saved during their working life

might suddenly not be worth as much as it was before.

And of course, all currency as well.

The pound.

So we measure the pound normally against the dollar.

At the moment it's not very good.

We used to have a very strong currency in this country.

The pound at one time was the strongest currency in the world.

It was quite often stronger than the dollar.

But over the past few years

it has slowly started to become lower,

and over the past few days it has completely collapsed.

It's almost the same value

as the dollar, which is not good,

and some people seem to think it might fall

below the dollar,

which is not good news, to be honest, although it is good news if you are travelling here

from the United States, if you come here now

from the United States, you will find that you can spend a lot more of your dollars.

So that's what's happening concerning our economy.

It isn't very good.

Let's just say I can't say that I'm happy about the situation.

I and nor nor is anyone else to be honest with you.

So that's that's it really.

In a nutshell, if you explain something in a nutshell,

it means you are explaining it quickly, briefly,

with as much information as you can put across.

So now, you know

hello to

Mohsin.

Hello, Mohsin.

I didn't see you on the live chat, so hello to you.

I don't want to miss you out.

Thank you very much, Mohsin, for joining me today.

We are looking at abbreviations

for the next few moments and I hope you will join me for that.

Oh, I also want to say a special hello

to a certain dog.

What?

Hello to Nina.

Irene.

A prank seen as a lovely little dog.

Can you see it there?

There it is. Now on your screen.

Very cute, very small. I would imagine.

It gets very excited when it goes outside.

And I often find that small dogs have a lot of energy,

a lot of vigour.

It's a great word, vigour, energy.

So it looks like a dog that might get quite excited

when it is running around, when it is getting

outside and enjoying itself.

I think so.

Beautiful dog, isn't that lovely?

So thank you very much for sending me that to me.

And I always love seeing your photographs wherever you are or whatever you are doing.

If you want to send a picture or just say hi, here is the address.

The address is at the bottom of the screen.

You can send me an email or anything, a photograph

or maybe something you saw out of your window.

Maybe a little bit of nature.

Feel free to do so.

And there is the address.

So now you know,

yes, I am with you every

Sunday and also every Wednesday

for those who aren't too sure,

we are looking at abbreviation today.

When you abbreviate something it means you make

something shorter, you make something

less long, you shorten

something to shorten a word or sentence so as to make it easier to use

you abbreviate something to save time

instead of saying lots of words,

you can just use an abbreviation of some sort.

And I suppose it's worth mentioning that there are more

than one type of abbreviation.

If you abbreviate something, you shorten,

cut, curtail

a bridge, condense,

you take something and you make it shorter

in grammar or when we are using English,

we shorten the sentence or the phrase

to make it easier to remember.

And also, if you are explaining something very fast,

you can also use it then as well.

There are four

definite types of abbreviation.

We have Initialism, an acronym.

We have shortening and contraction.

So these are different types of abbreviation

that exist in the English language

for first of all, we will look at Initialism

as its name suggests, an initialism is formed

from the first letters of a group of words.

We pronounce each letter individually.

For example, we have f, b,

I Federal Bureau of Investigation.

You will notice quite often we will miss out words

such as ver and of.

They will often be missed out, left out or emitted

when we abbreviate something

in the form of an initialism.

We also have a yes AP as soon as possible.

I've never very well known abbreviation.

Another one is C D said compact disc.

Although I

have a feeling that not many people use compact discs anymore, I think most people have everything

stored in their computer or in their mobile phone

as a file, to be honest.

But some people still have CDs, compact discs.

Then we have another initial ISM CEO,

which is Chief Executive Officer.

Then we have F a Q

frequently asked questions.

So questions that might arise commonly or maybe questions

that many people have and they are all very similar.

We can say that they are frequently asked questions.

Another initialism is p l c,

p l c public limited company,

a company that is limited

to the public space UFO.

Oh, a lot of people know this one.

There are people who believe that there are

aliens coming down from other planets.

USA Talking of strange

aliens, the United States of America.

And finally, on our list of initial isms, we have v 80.

Of course this list is not exhaustive.

There are many other initial isms that we can use as well.

So there you can see some examples of one type of abbreviation.

We call these initialism.

We will also look at the rules for capital letters.

If the first letters of the full form are capital letters,

then we always write the abbreviation with capital letters.

So you will notice quite often with abbreviations, especially initial isms,

you will always use capital letters, for example, in the full form.

We always write Federal Bureau

of Investigation with capital letters for the first letter of each word,

because it is the name of an official organisation.

Therefore We have no choice.

We must also write the abbreviated form in capitals.

So if it is a place, an organisation,

something that is a name of an organisation

or maybe even a place, we will always use

capitals, we will always

use capital letters.

There are also rules in initial

isms for full stops.

In British English, we do not usually use

full stops between each letter for initial isms.

For example, you will see that FBI

in British English has no

full stop or period,

whereas in American English you will find full stops

or periods between each letter.

So in American English it is a question of style.

Using full stops is more common in American English.

So quite often when you see a initialisation,

an abbreviation in the form of using the initials,

you will notice that there are no full stops

or periods in

abbreviations.

Here's an interesting one.

This is one of my favourite types of abbreviation.

I will be honest with you.

I do like abbreviations

in the form of acronyms.

Acronyms an acronym is formed

from the first letters of a group of words.

We pronounce the acronym as a word.

For example, you have nicer nicer

you have naito,

o peck,

pin, ram, sim,

vat, zip.

For example, NAITO

is the North American Treaty Organisation.

So instead of saying all of those words, we just say Naito,

then we have PIN, which is a number

or code that is usually used with a credit card

or a way of using a code to enter a building

personal identification number.

So it is a type of code.

And then of course we have VAT

value added tax,

that is what we call the government tax that we have.

We all have to pay 80 when we buy things,

whenever we buy anything, we have to pay

an extra charge on top.

So value added tax is a special case

because it can be two types of Abreva zation, it can be the acronym

and also we can pronounce it as the word VAT.

It rhymes with cat, but some people also say V8,

so you might add V8

or you can add VAT.

So you have a choice that

rules for full stops.

In these particular abbreviations,

we do not use full stops after each letter of an acronym.

This is because we treat acronyms as words and pronounce them as words.

We never write full stops in the middle of words, and that is a basic grammar rule.

So when we are using acronyms, there is no no need.

There is no need to actually put full stops

or periods in the.

Here's another one shortening.

Perhaps you've never heard of shortening things,

but shortening ones are exactly what sound like it is.

When you take a word and you just shorten it, you take away

most of the letters of the word.

So a shortening is an abbreviation.

It is an abbreviation in which the beginning or the end of the word

has been omitted.

There are two types of shortening.

We can say

shortening treated as real words.

For example, you can have an ad

ad, which is an advertisement,

so that is treated as a real word.

Even though we are shortening the word, we can still say ad

and we mean advertisement.

Another one that I'm sure you are very familiar with is App App.

So when we talk about apps, we are talking about applications

or software, general software

these days, many people have apps in their phones, so the word app

is just the shortened version of application.

We also have flu, flu, which is influenza

influenza, a type of virus that can be spread

very easily, especially this time of year.

Then we have blog b,

l, o, g, blog.

Do people still write blogs?

I remember way back in the early 2000s, everyone, everyone had a blog.

They were all writing about

their life and their knowledge.

So a web blog is a type of website

where people will normally write short essays.

Then we have the word rhino.

I love this word rhino.

Quite often this is used as a shortened version of rhinoceros.

A rhinoceros is a type of animal with a very large horn

on top of its nose, hence the name or rhino,

which means nose.

So we used type one shortening like real words.

We write them and say them as one word.

We are using them as if they are actual words.

Then we have the second type of shortening

and these are not treated as real words.

For example, you might have days of the week

when you write something down and you and you want to save time,

you just a brief yate the word for example February

we can write that down as s e b fib.

We know what we mean, but you would never say fib.

You don't say that.

You don't say, I will see you next February.

It only works when you write.

So quite often when we have this particular type of abbreviation,

it is only used when we write something down.

Saturday can be abbreviated

to s a t Saturday

and of course Wednesday

or in fact any day of the week can be abbreviated type

to shortening or only used in writing, as I mentioned.

But when we say or read them,

we say the full version of the word.

So you never use this type of shortening

or this type of abbreviation when you are speaking.

It is only used in writing

and you can see at the bottom of the screen

there is a very good example of that use.

Oop, this is a big one.

Oh, my goodness.

Mr. Duncan, you are using all of the screen.

You are getting very, very dramatic today.

Contractions, ironically,

I can't explain contractions quickly.

I have to do it over a long period of time.

Contractions.

They are another type of abbreviation

that we use quite often in English.

Contractions are abbreviations in which we omit letters

from the middle of a word.

We do not write a full stop at the end of a contraction.

The first letter is a capital letter

only if the full word starts with a capital letter.

For example, doctor

starts with a capital letter because it is a position

or a qualification.

You are a doctor and then underneath you can see government.

Government does not need

to have a capital letter.

So when you are writing you will often see over t used

as a contraction of government.

Then we have saint

saint a person

who has been sainted.

Quite often we use s t you might also see s full stop

t or period between the letters s and t,

but it is all were always used with a capital letter at the start.

Then we have Mr.

such as Mr.

Duncan

that is often abbreviated to m r

in American English, you will often find there is a full stop

between those two letters.

And then we have type two contractions, which are missing letters from more than one word.

We use an apostrophe to represent the missing letters.

So when we are writing a word,

or if we are saying a word,

we can use contractions, for example,

she's she is they said they would

hive.

I have

don't do not

we'll we will

they are all types of contractions.

And the interesting thing about contractions is you can use them in both written

and spoken English as well.

Would you like to have a look at some well-known or maybe not

so well-known initialism?

Here we go.

So we have a list of abbreviations

from the top of the screen up there

to the bottom down there.

First of all, we have i0cioc

which stands for

International Olympic Committee.

So the International Olympic Committee

is the i0c and that is how they are

normally referred to as the IOC, because it takes too long,

say International Olympic Committee.

We haven't got time for that.

We are too busy.

So people will often abbreviate that to IOC.

Here's another one.

The World Health Organisation is often

referred to as hoo hoo.

The World Health Organisation and that's who.

And then we have a very famous one, I'm sure you've heard of this one.

We have b, b, c, b b, c.

British Broadcasting Corporation,

a well-known organisation

that makes TV shows and reports the news.

Then we have a place.

A place name

Allah, a Los Angeles,

the City of Angels, Los Angeles

and the United States is often abbreviated to L.A. L.A.

I'm going to L.A.

for a conference.

P l c is another abbreviation we often use

when we talk about a public limited company.

A company that is publicly owned

is p l c

public limited company is another one.

This is an organisation that exists here

in the UK to protect

the animal, except squirrels.

Apparently grey squirrels

are not protected.

RSPCA is an organisation.

It is the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.

But the thing you will notice here is

some of the words are not initialised.

They have been ignored.

For example, for the

of two

they are all left out of the initialisation.

So instead of all of those letters, we just say

R s p c, hey,

the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty

to Animals

and Grey Squirrels, maybe the U.N.

we have the U.N., the United Nations.

They are quite busy at the moment

for various reasons.

Then we have o has to go back to the beginning.

I didn't mean to R.I.P.,

I think this is a a rather solemn, sad one.

R.I.P.

We often say R.I.P.

or we will write R.I.P.

to mean

rest in peace.

So you can see here we are actually using N

as part of the initialisation rest in peace.

R i p You will often

see those initials on a tombstone

or a gravestone.

Then we have D and D do not disturb.

Maybe on an office door if there is a meeting taking place in an office,

you might see this on a door or maybe in a hotel.

Maybe you are on your honeymoon

and you don't want to be bothered by people knocking.

So instead you put end on the door.

Do not disturb.

I am very busy at the moment

and finally.

Oh dear,

this is this is a very sad one, actually.

GROSS domestic product.

We often say product or we can also say productivity.

So your gross domestic productivity

or your gross domestic product.

So that means how well your economy is doing,

how well you are doing economically

with sales, the things you are

creating, your manufacturing,

how much money are you getting back from your

domestic manufacturing?

And we have been talking about that a lot

here in the UK over the past few days.

Let's just say our GDP

is not great for various reasons,

which I won't go into.

Oh, here is some more now.

So these now are acronyms.

The next ones we are looking at are types of acronym,

which you like to see some acronyms.

Okay, then let's do it.

There's something annoying me here.

We just do that.

Very annoying.

It's better.

It's gone.

So acronyms.

Who would like to see an acronym?

Okay, then we have Nasser.

I like this one because it is a very long title.

It is the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

That's too long.

It's too many words, too many letters.

So instead we can say,

Nasser Nasser,

the National Aeronautics and Space

Administration, when we are sending things into the air

or into the sky or into space, then we have a topic.

Oh, this is another thing a lot of people are talking about at the moment

for various reasons

opaque, the Organisation

of Petroleum Exporting Countries.

So any country that exports petrol or petroleum

to other countries, they all belong to

an organisation called Opaque.

You might also say that they decide what happens as well

and then we have a.s.a.p ASAP.

If you ask for something ASAP,

it means you are asking for it as soon as possible.

You ask for something ASAP,

you ask for it as soon as possible.

You want it straight away.

You don't want to wait. I'm sorry, I can't wait.

I need it ASAP.

Here's another one.

I'm sure you know this one.

I remember the last time I mentioned this.

It was quite a long time ago.

Here it is.

Protests.

The protests is the president of the United States.

When we refer to the protests, we are referring

to normally the current president of the United States

for how much longer

remains to be seen.

Finally, we have one that we are all familiar

with almost too much

SaaS.

Yes, we know this one, Mr. Duncan.

We know this one very well.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.

So this is referring to an illness that will suddenly

affect your breathing.

It is a type of illness, severe acute

respiratory syndrome.

So this particular word, respiratory, refers

to your breathing, all the organs

connected to the action of breathing,

namely the lungs.

And that, as they say, is that for now.

So as you can see in English, there are many abbreviations that we use on a regular basis.

And the ones that we've looked at today are quite popular

and are used quite often.

Whilst we're on the subject of abbreviations

and changing words, I thought you might want to see this.

There is also something called a portmanteau, which is a word

that is made of the parts of two separate words

you won't join ing words together to make a new word.

For example, the first one is Motel.

Motel.

And so that is the combination of two words

motor hotel, quite often

a place where you can drive conveniently

to a hotel, you can park your car and you can stay overnight.

We call it a motel, a motor hotel.

Then we have something called smog.

Smog.

When we talk about smog, we all combining

two words smoke and fog.

Quite often when the weather is humid,

especially in the winter, you might find that there is a lot of smog around.

Maybe there is very little wind, so the smoke will gather

and if you have fog as well, then you have even more pollution

in the air. Smog

than we have cineplex.

There aren't many of these left, by the way.

Many of them are now closing down.

Cineplex.

This is a portmanteau using cinema and complex.

So when we say Cineplex Cineplex

we are describing a place with many

screens, a place that is showing many movies

in separate theatres, a cineplex.

Finally, we have infomercial, I'm sure at night.

Maybe you've been sitting up until the very early hours of the morning.

Maybe you've been watching the television when you should be going to bed.

You will see lots of infomercials.

An infomercial is a type of commercial

that is also giving you information.

I know what you're going to say, Mr. Duncan. That's not right.

But it is

infomercial.

There it is.

There are many products

that you will see being sold late at night on television.

Normally someone is showing you something, a miracle device or a miracle tool.

They can do anything.

And quite often in the very early hours of the morning, you will see

infomercials.

They are informational commercials.

So they appear to be something that is giving you information.

But in fact, they are trying to sell things to you.

We call them infomercial.

Guess what?

We have reached the end of today's live stream.

I can't believe it.

I hope you've enjoyed that.

A lot of information take in. But don't worry.

You can watch this again.

All of the information that I've given you today

can be seen again later on.

And also there will be captions as well.

Yes, we have captions also, so don't worry.

I won't leave you with no captions.

There will be some captions for you to watch later on as well.

When this is published on YouTube, I will see you again on Sunday.

Mr. Steve will be here with us. By the way.

He will be joining us on Sunday from 2 p.m.

UK time.

Oh, a lot of people are now talking about

abbreviations.

Very nice. Hello Jemmy.

Oh, can I say hello to Jemmy from Hong Kong?

Before I go, hello.

Also to Unique Life Design.

I didn't see you here on the live chat, so it's nice to see you here.

Thank you for joining me.

Very nice.

It's time to go.

See you on Sunday.

I hope you enjoyed today's live stream and I will see you on Sunday.

Hopefully we will all have something to smile about.

I really, really hope so. This is Mr.

Duncan in the birthplace of English, saying, Thanks for watching.

See you on Sunday.

Don't forget also to give me a lift.

Please. It's a very simple thing.

All you have to do is click the thumb and this video.

Give me a lovely line. Go on,

please.

See you soon.

And of course, until the next time we meet here, you know what's coming next.

Yes, you do...

ta tar for now.