English Grammar: The Prepositions ON, AT, IN, BY

6,692,972 views ใƒป 2016-05-11

ENGLISH with James


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
I'm having a hard time reading on the train right now.
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ไปŠใ€้›ป่ปŠใฎไธญใงๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ใฎใซ่‹ฆๅŠดใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:06
Unh. Hold on. I'll start the lesson.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆŒ็ถšใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:12
Hi. James from engVid. Sorry, I was on the train.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ engVid ใฎใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใ€‚ ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€้›ป่ปŠใซไน—ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:16
I want to teach you a lesson about
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00:18
four basic prepositions that we use in English that sometimes get confused, and I understand
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ 4 ใคใฎๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ—ใŸใ„ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆททไนฑใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
00:26
why, so I'll keep it basic. But because it's basic, it's going to be 80% correct. That's
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ‚‚ ๅŸบๆœฌใชใฎใง80%ๆญฃ่งฃใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ
00:32
a good thing, that means you can go to the website and learn more from other lessons
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ใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใ€ไป–ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‹ใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒ
00:36
we have. But just know that sometimes there'll be exceptions, and I may not cover it here
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ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏไพ‹ๅค–ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใ„
00:41
today. I'll even give you two exceptions to help you, but why waste time?
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ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ“ใ“ใงๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‚่€ƒใพใงใซ 2 ใคใฎไพ‹ๅค– ใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’็„ก้ง„ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:46
Let's go to the board.
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ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:48
Here's Mr. E. You'll notice he has a calendar, he has a clock, and:
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ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใŒ E ใ•ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚ๅฝผ ใฏใ‚ซใƒฌใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ๆ™‚่จˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€
00:53
"You are here"?
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:55
Oh, here.
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ใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ“ใ€‚
00:57
"Here" is a location. We're here right now, doing a lesson. That's the location: engVid.
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ใ€Œใ“ใ“ใ€ใฏๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏไปŠใ“ใ“ใซ ใ„ใฆใ€ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™: engVid.
01:02
Let's go to the board and do the rest of the lesson, shall we?
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็†ไบ‹ไผšใซ่กŒใฃใฆ ๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:06
Here's: "at", "on", "in", and "by".
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ใ€Œatใ€ใ€ใ€Œonใ€ใ€ ใ€Œinใ€ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณใ€Œbyใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:10
"At". I love it because it's very specific, so you
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"ใง"ใ€‚ ้žๅธธใซๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใงใ€่‡ชๅˆ†
01:14
always know where you are, exactly. Problem: For transportation, "at" doesn't have anything.
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ใŒใฉใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๅธธใซๆญฃ็ขบใซๆŠŠๆกใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ•้กŒ: ่ผธ้€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€"at" ใซใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:21
Hmm. So let's go to the next one. Let's go to "on". On.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏๆฌกใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ชใƒณใ€ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใฎไธŠใ€‚
01:27
"On" is used for, let's say,
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ใ€Œใ‚ชใƒณใ€ใฏใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
01:29
large vehicles or large ways of travelling, such as buses... Sorry. Trains, buses, planes,
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ๅคงๅž‹่ปŠไธกใ‚„ใƒใ‚นใชใฉใฎๅคงใใช็งปๅ‹•ๆ‰‹ๆฎตใซ ไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™...็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ้›ป่ปŠใ€ใƒใ‚นใ€้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸ
01:38
and boats. I'll come back to boat in a second; it's an exception. On the train, on the bus,
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ใ€่ˆนใ€‚ ใ™ใใซ่ˆนใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏไพ‹ๅค–ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:44
and on the plane, unless you're Bill Gates, Donald Trump, or me-I'm not in that list-you
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใƒ“ใƒซใƒปใ‚ฒใ‚คใƒ„ใ€ใƒ‰ใƒŠใƒซใƒ‰ใƒปใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใƒ—ใ€ใพใŸใฏ็งใงใชใ„้™ใ‚Šใ€้›ป่ปŠใ€ใƒใ‚นใ€้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใฎไธญใง -็งใฏใใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใซ
01:52
don't have your own train, plane, or bus, so you usually share it with a bunch of people
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ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“-ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ้›ป่ปŠใ€้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใ€ใพใŸใฏใƒใ‚นใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ้€šๅธธใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅคงๅ‹ขใฎไบบ
01:57
or a few people. It's large. So we say:
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ใพใŸใฏๆ•ฐไบบใงๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅคงใใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:00
"You're on the bus", because it covers a big area,
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ใƒใ‚นใŒ ๅบƒใ„ใ‚จใƒชใ‚ขใ‚’ใ‚ซใƒใƒผใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
02:04
so there are many people sitting in that area. When I get to location, you'll see what I mean.
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ใฎใงใ€ใใฎใ‚จใƒชใ‚ขใซๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŒใใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ็€ใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†.
02:10
Boat is a small exception. For many people in the world, they have their own boats because
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ใƒœใƒผใƒˆใฏๅฐใ•ใชไพ‹ๅค–ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎๅคšใใฎไบบใ€…ใฏ ใ€
02:14
maybe they do fishing, or rowing, which is a type of boat that you go by yourself. In
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้‡ฃใ‚Šใ‚„ๆ‰‹ๆผ•ใŽ ใƒœใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใƒœใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚“ใชๆ™‚
02:20
that situation, you can use "in". So, if the boat is small enough, say: "in":
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ใฏใ€Œinใ€ใŒไฝฟใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒˆใŒๅๅˆ†ใซๅฐใ•ใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œinใ€:
02:25
"I'm in a boat right now." But if it's a big boat, you have to say: "I'm on a boat." Another exception
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ใ€ŒI'm in a boat now.ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅคงใใช่ˆนใฎ ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ่ˆนใซไน—ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:32
for the "on" rule is bicycle. You're always "on" a bicycle. I know, I said big vehicles,
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"on" ใƒซใƒผใƒซใฎใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎไพ‹ๅค–ใฏ่‡ช่ปข่ปŠใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใ„ใคใ‚‚่‡ช่ปข่ปŠใซไน—ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅคงใใชไน—ใ‚Š็‰ฉใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
02:40
but remember: a bicycle is small, and it doesn't really have a motor or an engine, so we kind
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ใŒใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„: ่‡ช่ปข่ปŠใฏๅฐใ•ใใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใƒขใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚„ใ‚จใƒณใ‚ธใƒณใŒ
02:45
of give it its own thing, because you have to sit on the bicycle, and you can never really
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›
02:50
be in a bicycle. Is that good?
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ใซ่‡ช่ปข่ปŠใซไน—ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:54
Now, let's go to "in". "In" is funny because there are only two things for "in".
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ใงใฏใ€Œไธญใ€ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ "in" ใฏ ใ€"in" ใŒ 2 ใคใ—ใ‹ใชใ„ใฎใง้ข็™ฝใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:00
"In" we use for car and taxi.
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ใ€Œใงใ€ใฏ่ปŠใ‚„ใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใซไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:04
The easy way to think about it is usually you own your own car;
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ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆ–นๆณ• ใฏใ€้€šๅธธใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่ปŠใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:08
it doesn't belong to a group of people. People just don't get on your car every time you
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ใใ‚Œใฏไบบใ€…ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซๅฑžใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่ปŠใ‚’ๆญขใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใณใซไบบใŒไน—ใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘
03:13
stop it, they go in and say: "Take me somewhere."
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ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:16
And a taxi, well, when you're in a taxi, it
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ใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใฏใ€ใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใซไน—ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ
03:19
is kind of your car. You pay the driver and you keep the car. So, this is one of those
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ใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่ปŠใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ‰ใƒฉใ‚คใƒใƒผใซๆ–™้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ„ ใ€่ปŠใ‚’ไฟ็ฎกใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ•ฐๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚‚ใฎ
03:25
few cases where, because it belongs to me, I am in my car or I am in the taxi, because
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ใชใฎใง ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่ปŠใซไน—ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใซไน—ใฃ
03:31
the taxi belongs to me as long as I pay the money. It's one of these funny exceptions.
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ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใฏใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใˆใฐ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้ข็™ฝใ„ไพ‹ๅค–ใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
03:36
I don't know why, because you can put more people in a car, but I guess because you can
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็†็”ฑใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ่ปŠใซใ‚‚ใฃใจๅคšใใฎ ไบบใ‚’ไน—ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€
03:40
actually own this transportation, it's yours. Think of it like the small boat. The small
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ“ใฎไบค้€šๆ‰‹ๆฎตใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™. ๅฐใ•ใช่ˆนใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅฐใ•ใช
03:45
boat, one person is in it, you can be inside of it. All right? Cool.
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่ˆนใฏใ€ไธ€ไบบไน—ใ‚Šใงใ€ ไธญใซๅ…ฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๆถผใ—ใ„ใ€‚
03:50
The last one we're going to do is "by". This is how you get there. So, "by" is different.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ่กŒใ†ใฎใฏใ€Œbyใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ“ใซ็€ใๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œbyใ€ใฏ้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:56
When we talk about "in" and "on", you are... We are talking about how you are in the vehicle.
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"in" ใจ "on" ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ... ็ง ใŸใกใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ปŠใซไน—ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹.
04:02
Are you sitting on the bicycle? I can see you on it? You know, a boat is on water. But
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่‡ช่ปข่ปŠใซๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ่ฆ‹ใˆ ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒˆใฏๆฐดไธŠใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
04:08
"by" just means: How did you get here? So, when someone responds to you with: "By car",
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ใ€Œbyใ€ใฏๅ˜ใซใ€ใ€Œใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซใ€Œ่ปŠใงใ€ใ€
04:13
"by plane", they're telling you how they got here. Not if they're in the plane, or on the
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ใ€Œ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใงใ€ใจ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใŸใ‹ใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใซไน—ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใซไน—ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
04:19
plane. They are just... That's how they got there. So, how did I get here to do this video?
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใŸใ ... ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใใ“ใซใŸใฉใ‚Š็€ใ„ใŸๆ–นๆณ• ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹?
04:25
Wouldn't you like to know. I'm kidding. I came here by car. So, yes, I was in my car
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็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅ†—่ซ‡ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็ง ใฏ่ปŠใงใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€็งใฏ่ปŠ
04:32
and drove here, but I would tell somebody: "I got here by car, not by bus", and that
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ใซไน—ใฃใฆใ“ใ“ใพใงๆฅใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซ ใ€Œใƒใ‚นใงใฏใชใ่ปŠใงๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€็งใŒๅ–ใฃ
04:37
would tell them the difference in the transportation I took. "How did you get here?" You like that?
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ใŸไบค้€šๆ‰‹ๆฎตใฎ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ "ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆๆฅใŸใฎ๏ผŸ" ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:43
Good, so that's "by", this is how you did it; and the way you travelled is here, "in"
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œbyใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚„ใ‚Šๆ–นใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ—…ใ—ใŸ้“ใฏใ“ใ“ใ€ใ€Œinใ€
04:49
and "on". Remember there is a small exception for small vehicles, so a small boat you can
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ใจใ€Œonใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฐๅž‹่ปŠไธกใซใฏๅฐใ•ใชไพ‹ๅค–ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๅฐใ•ใชใƒœใƒผใƒˆใซไน—ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
04:55
be in. Remember small. And a bicycle, you're always on the bicycle, because people see
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฐใ•ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ่‡ช่ปข่ปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใ„ใคใ‚‚่‡ช่ปข่ปŠใซ
05:00
you sitting on it. We good? Excellent. Now, that is the lesson for transportation.
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ไน—ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅ„ช็ง€ใชใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏ่ผธ้€ใฎๆ•™่จ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:06
Let's look at location. You'll notice that the same rules or ideas apply.
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ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅŒใ˜ใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒ้ฉ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:12
Remember I said I liked "at" because it's specific? Notice the dot, it's very specific.
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ใ€Œatใ€ใฏๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชใฎใงๅฅฝใใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใฎใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ‹? ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:18
"Meet me at my house." That does not mean down the street,
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ใ€Œ็งใฎๅฎถใงไผšใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€ ใใ‚Œ ใฏ้€šใ‚Šใ‚’ไธ‹ใ‚‹
05:22
that does not mean in another city. It means:
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ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใชใใ€ๅˆฅใฎ้ƒฝๅธ‚ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆ„ๅ‘ณ๏ผš
05:25
My house, you. Meet me at my house, specific location. Or I'll give you an address:
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็งใฎๅฎถใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ€‚ ็งใฎๅฎถใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใงไผšใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏไฝๆ‰€ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใพใ™:
05:31
"Meet me at 51 Eglington."
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ใ€Œใ‚จใ‚ฐใƒชใƒณใƒˆใƒณ 51 ็•ชใงไผšใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€
05:34
Not: "In 51 Eglington", no. "At", that means right there.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆ๏ผšใ€Œ51ใ‚จใ‚ฐใƒชใƒณใƒˆใƒณใงใ€ใ€ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€‚ ใ€Œatใ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
05:38
You can see the number and the place. Like it? I do, too.
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็•ชๅทใจๅ ดๆ‰€ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผŸ ็งใ‚‚ใ€‚
05:43
"On". If you notice, this is a dot, and this is like a carpet or an area. This is why I
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"ใฎไธŠ"ใ€‚ ๆฐ—ใŒใคใ‘ใฐใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็‚นใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใŒใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใŸใ‚“ใ‚„ใ‚จใƒชใ‚ขใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€็ง
05:50
said on the bus, the train, and the plane - they are big, they have an area. And because
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ใŒใƒใ‚นใ€้›ป่ปŠใ€้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใง่จ€ใฃใŸ็†็”ฑใงใ™- ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅคงใใใ€้ข็ฉใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
05:56
of that, we say "on" because you stand in an area.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ชใƒณใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚จใƒชใ‚ขใซ็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ ใ€‚
06:00
So, "on". We put things on a table.
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ๅพŒใง"ใ€‚ ใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใฎไธŠใซ็‰ฉใ‚’็ฝฎใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:07
Imagine... Nope. How about this? This is a better table. I'm going to put something on the table. You
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ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„...ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ ใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใฎไธŠใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็ฝฎใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ
06:13
can see it on, and here is an area. Cool? That's for "on".
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ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ“ใฏใ‚จใƒชใ‚ขใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆถผใ—ใ„๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใ‚ชใƒณใ€ใฎใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:18
"In" I can use the same thing. That's the next one. "In", there is a surface, but you
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ใ€Œใงใ€ใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใŒ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ ๆฌกใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ†…ใ€ใ€่กจ้ขใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
06:24
have to go over and in something. Remember I said "on" here? This is now "in". You can't
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ใŒใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ถŠใˆใฆ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€Œใ‚ชใƒณใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใฎใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€Œใ‚คใƒณใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:31
see it anymore, can you? Because it's inside with a bunch of markers. It's inside. But
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ใ‚‚ใ†่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€‚ ไธญใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:37
when it's on the surface, you'll notice "on", you can see it. "In", like magic, it disappears.
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ใงใ‚‚ใใ‚ŒใŒ่กจ้ขใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œใ‚ชใƒณใ€ใซๆฐ—ใฅใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™. ใ€Œใงใ€้ญ”ๆณ•ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆถˆใˆใฆใ„ใใ€‚
06:47
Okay? So, "in", usually you have walls or something surrounding you that you can look
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œinใ€ใจใฏใ€้€šๅธธใ€ๅฃใ‚„ ๅ‘จๅ›ฒใซไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่ฆ‹ไธŠใ’ใฆๅฃใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™
06:53
up and see the walls. You'll see there's the board here, and there are three other walls,
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไป–ใซ 3 ใคใฎๅฃใŒใ‚ใ‚‹
06:58
so I'm in a room. But I'm on the floor because I'm standing on the floor. Okay? So if the
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ใฎใงใ€็งใฏ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ‚‚ๅบŠ ใซ็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅบŠใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:03
floor was here, this would be me. Ta-da. But I would go in the room, and now you need a
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ใƒ•ใƒญใ‚ขใŒใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฟใƒ€ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ็งใฏ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ—ใฆไปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ
07:08
door to see me. Okay? So, "in" and "on".
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ใฏ็งใซไผšใ†ใŸใ‚ใซใƒ‰ใ‚ขใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใงใ€ใจใ€Œใงใ€ใ€‚
07:13
"By". Many of you know "close" and "near". So, if you think of two things... Okay? Here's
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"ใซ"ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่ฟ‘ใ„ใ€ใ€Œ่ฟ‘ใ„ใ€ใฏใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎๆ–นใ‚‚ๅคšใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใง ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ2ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰... ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ“ใซ
07:23
one thing, here's two things. We can say:
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1 ใคใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ 2 ใคใฎใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:26
"This is by the red marker."
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ตคใ„ใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฎใใฐใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
07:29
Similar to saying "close" or "near". We just say "by".
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ใ€Œ่ฟ‘ใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ่ฟ‘ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใจๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œbyใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:33
There's 8% of this marker. I said 80% lesson, but
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ใ“ใฎใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฎ 8% ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ 80%ใฎๆ•™่จ“ใจ
07:37
it seems it's gone down. [Laughs] Well, "by" is similar to "close" or "near". And you notice
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่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ไธ‹ใŒใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰ใพใ‚ใ€ใ€Œbyใ€ใฏ ใ€Œcloseใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œnearใ€ใซไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ
07:42
the arrows, here, show you, if I say I'm close to your house or by your house, it's similar
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ใฏ็Ÿขๅฐใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ™ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ€็งใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฎถใฎ่ฟ‘ใใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฎถใฎใใฐใซใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
07:46
to saying "by" or "near". Okay? Cool.
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ใ€Œใใฐใซใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ่ฟ‘ใใซใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใจไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๆถผใ—ใ„ใ€‚
07:50
Now I'm going to deal with time. When we deal with time, we'll start at "at". "At". Remember
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใฏๆ™‚้–“ใจๅ‘ใๅˆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๆ‰ฑใ†ใจใใฏ ใ€ใ€Œatใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚ "ใง"ใ€‚
07:57
I said very specific, that's why I like it? This is when you say things like: "At 9:15",
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็งใŒ้žๅธธใซๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ€Œ9:15 ใซใ€ใ€ใ€Œ12:00 ใซใ€ใชใฉใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใงใ™
08:02
"At 12:00". It says very specific time when we deal with hour and minute.
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ใ€‚ ๆ™‚้–“ใจๅˆ†ใ‚’ๆ‰ฑใ†ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’่จ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:08
-"What time will I meet you?" -"At 10:30." Specific. That doesn't mean 12:00. That's not "at". Okay?
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-ใ€Œไฝ•ๆ™‚ใซไผšใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ -ใ€Œ10:30ใซใ€ ๆ˜Ž็ขบใชใ€‚ 12ๆ™‚ใจใฏ้™ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใงใ€ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:17
Day... Sorry. "On". When we talk about "on", we talk about days. "On Monday", "On Tuesday".
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ๆ—ฅ... ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚ "ใฎไธŠ"ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ชใƒณใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฏใ€ ๆ—ฅใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆœˆๆ›œๆ—ฅใ€ใ€Œ็ซๆ›œๆ—ฅใ€ใ€‚
08:23
And if you're confused, think of it this way: A day has 24 hours. It's kind of got a surface
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ๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚1 ๆ—ฅใฏ 24 ๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€็จฎใฎ่กจ้ข
08:31
to it. It's not just one specific time; it's got a little bit of time on it. So, on that
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ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
08:37
day-okay?-anything can happen on that day on the surface. We stand on it, and we walk
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ใใฎๆ—ฅใซใ€่กจ้ขไธŠใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚่ตทใ“ใ‚Šๅพ—ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใใฎไธŠใซ็ซ‹ใกใ€ใใฎไธŠใ‚’ๆญฉใ
08:42
across it. You wake up, then you go to sleep. So, on that day. Funny enough, you can say
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็›ฎใ‚’่ฆšใพใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็œ ใ‚Šใซใคใใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใใฎๆ—ฅใ€‚ ้ข็™ฝใ„ใ“ใจใซใ€
08:47
things like: "On Christmas day", "On Monday", "On my birthday". So if you have a word that
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ใ€Œใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚นใƒžใ‚นใฎๆ—ฅใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆœˆๆ›œๆ—ฅใ€ใ€ ใ€Œ็งใฎ่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใ€ใชใฉใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๆ—ฅใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
08:54
has a day in it, you can use "on". Told you I'd make it easy. It's 80% true, there'll
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ใ€ใ€Œonใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็ฐกๅ˜ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใจใ‚ใชใŸใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ 80% ็œŸๅฎŸ
08:59
be exceptions. I know, someone will say one. But just think: "Did I say 'day' in there?
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ไพ‹ๅค–ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่€ƒใˆใฆใฟ
09:04
'On' the holiday." Right? You can say it, because it's got "day". Make it easy.
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ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ€Œๆ—ฅใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚ ็ฐกๅ˜ใซใ—ใฆใ€‚
09:08
Okay, now we've talked about specific time with "at",
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ€Œatใ€ใง็‰นๅฎš
09:13
and on the day with "on", but let's look at "in".
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ใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ€ใ€Œonใ€ใงใใฎๆ—ฅใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใŒใ€ใ€Œinใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:18
When I say something like: "In September", what I'm talking about are long
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ใ€Œ9ๆœˆใซใ€ใชใฉใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ ็งใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้•ทใ„
09:23
periods of time. We can say that for years, months, and weeks. So, for instance, I can
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ๆœŸ้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ๅนดใ€ ไฝ•ใƒถๆœˆใ€ไฝ•้€ฑ้–“ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐ
09:30
even go back in the past and say: "In 1992, I came to Canada."
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ใ€้ŽๅŽปใซใ•ใ‹ใฎใผใฃใฆใ€ ใ€Œ1992 ๅนดใซใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใซๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:35
Or: "In September, I will buy a hat."
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ใพใŸใฏ๏ผšใ€Œ9ๆœˆ ใซๅธฝๅญใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œonใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œ
09:38
Now, we're talking about specific time, as we did in "on" and "at", but this
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atใ€ใง่กŒใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚้–“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ ใŒใ€
09:43
time we're talking about longer periods of time, and we're being very specific.
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ไปŠๅ›žใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Š้•ทใ„ๆœŸ้–“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ ใ€้žๅธธใซๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:49
Now, I'm going to go to one more for you and we're going to go by "by". "By" is fantastic
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ‚‚ใ†1ใค ่กŒใใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™. "By" ใฏ
09:55
because it's the end of a specific time. If I say: "I need it done by tonight",
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ใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚้–“ใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ‚’่กจใ™ใฎใง็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŒใ€ŒไปŠๅคœใพใงใซ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰
10:01
that is the time, it's specific, and that's the end time or your limit.
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ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ™‚้–“ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒ็ต‚ไบ†ๆ™‚้–“ใพใŸใฏๅˆถ้™ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:06
And funny enough, that's the end of my lesson. I'm at the limit.
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ใŠใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใ„ใ“ใจใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใง็งใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†้™็•Œใงใ™ใ€‚
10:09
I hope you've enjoyed it. E has been helpful,
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ใŠๆฅฝใ—ใฟใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ Eใฏ
10:12
bringing out the calendar and the clock, and giving us a location.
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ใ€ใ‚ซใƒฌใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใจ ๆ™‚่จˆใ‚’ๆŒใกๅ‡บใ—ใ€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚ŒใฆๅŠฉใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ.
10:16
Quick recap: You can use "at", "on", "in", and "by"
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็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่ฆ็ด„ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใ€Œatใ€ใ€ใ€Œonใ€ใ€ใ€Œinใ€ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณใ€Œbyใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ
10:20
for transportation, location, and time.
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ใ€ไบค้€šๆฉŸ้–ขใ€ ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’่กจใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
10:24
When we deal with transportation, there are a couple of exceptions you want to remember.
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ไบค้€šๆฉŸ้–ขใ‚’ๆ‰ฑใ†ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใใŸใ„ไพ‹ๅค–ใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:28
"On" is used for large groups of people travelling by train, bus, plane, or boat. But sometimes
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"on" ใฏ ใ€้›ป่ปŠใ€ใƒใ‚นใ€้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใ€ใพใŸใฏ่ˆนใง็งปๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ๅคงไบบๆ•ฐใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—
10:35
a boat can be for one person, and you can say "in". We also use bicycle for "on", and
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ใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒˆใฏไธ€ไบบ็”จใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ€Œinใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™. ใพใŸใ€ใ€Œonใ€ใซใฏ่‡ช่ปข่ปŠใ‚’ไฝฟใ„
10:41
that's because you sit on the bicycle. When we talk about "in", we use it for car and taxi,
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่‡ช่ปข่ปŠใซๅบงใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ "in" ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฏใ€่ปŠใ‚„ใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใซไฝฟ็”จใ—
10:47
because that's usually your private vehicle. Even though you say taxi's public,
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ใพใ™ใ€‚้€šๅธธใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่‡ชๅฎถ็”จ่ปŠใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใฏๅ…ฌๅ–ถใจใ„ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ไน—ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹
10:52
when you're in it, it's yours as long as you pay for it, and it's also small. Okay?
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ใจใ ใฏใŠ้‡‘ใ•ใˆๆ‰•ใˆใฐ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‚ๅฐใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:58
"By" is how you get there; by car, plane, or train.
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ใ€ŒByใ€ใฏใใ“ใซใŸใฉใ‚Š็€ใๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ปŠใงใ‚‚้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใงใ‚‚้›ป่ปŠใงใ‚‚ใ€‚
11:02
When we went for location, we talked about specific with "at". On the surface or in an
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ใƒญใ‚ฑใซ่กŒใฃใŸๆ™‚ใฏ ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใงๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใช่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:07
area for "on", like a carpet, think like carpet. "In", think like a box, you go in a box. And
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ใ‚ซใƒผใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€่กจ้ขใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ‚ชใƒณใ€ใฎ้ ˜ๅŸŸใงใ€ใ‚ซใƒผใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œใงใ€ใ€็ฎฑใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่€ƒใˆใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ฎฑใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€
11:15
"by" is similar to "close" or "near" or "close to" when you used it.
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ใ€Œbyใ€ใฏใ€ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใจใใฎใ€Œcloseใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œnearใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€Œclose toใ€ใซไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:19
And finally, for time, we talked about specific time-okay?-using these prepositions.
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚้–“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:25
"At" is one time only; "on" is for days: "On Monday", "On Christmas day";
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ใ€Œใงใ€ใฏ 1 ๅ›žใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ "on" ใฏ ๆ—ฅใงใ™: "On Monday", "On Christmas day";
11:32
"in" is used for longer periods of time, like: "In September", or we can go back into the past:
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"in" ใฏใ€"In September" ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้•ทใ„ๆœŸ้–“ใ‚’่กจใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚ใพใŸใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใซใ•ใ‹ใฎใผใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™:
11:37
"In 1992";
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"In 1992";
11:39
and finally, end time when we use "by". Okay? And we say that's the end.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œbyใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹็ต‚ไบ†ๆ™‚้–“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ ใจ็งใŸใกใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:46
And that's the end of this particular lesson.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ ใ“ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
11:48
So, I'd like to thank you, once again, for coming to engVid.
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engVid ใซใŠ่ถŠใ—ใ„ใŸใ ใใ€้‡ใญใฆใŠ็คผ็”ณใ—ไธŠใ’ใพใ™ ใ€‚
11:52
And what did I say? I need you to go to www.eng as in engVid... English.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ engVid... ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ www.eng ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
12:02
V, as in video.com
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Vใ€video.com
12:03
(www.engvid.com) where you can go do the quiz and see how well you learned your lesson.
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(www.engvid.com) ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ€ ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใ†ใพใๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
12:07
Okay? And by now, I think you've got 80% of it correct.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ“ใพใงใงใ€ 80% ๆญฃ่งฃใ—ใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:10
Okay? See ya later.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ใพใŸใญใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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