BOX SET: 6 Minute English - 'Business & Work 2' English mega-class! 30 minutes of new vocabulary!

239,341 views ใƒป 2022-09-18

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:05
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.ย 
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:09
Iโ€™m Neil. And Iโ€™m Sam - still working from home,ย 
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” Sam์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์žฌํƒ๊ทผ๋ฌด ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:12
as you can hear. But for many,ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค
00:14
the return to the office has begun.
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์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค๋กœ์˜ ๋ณต๊ท€๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
And to make things safe,ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ž‘์—…์žฅ์—
00:19
new thermal cameras are being installed in some workplaces.ย 
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ดํ™”์ƒ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์„ค์น˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
They measure body temperature to screen for coronavirus.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์„ ๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฒด์˜จ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
After weeks of working at home the return to the office is slowlyย 
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๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ์ง‘์—์„œ ์ผํ•œ ํ›„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค๋กœ์˜ ๋ณต๊ท€๊ฐ€
00:31
getting underway in a number of countries.
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์„œ์„œํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
But workplaces are having to change in this coronavirus era.ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์ง์žฅ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
Lots of companies are rushing to install technology toย 
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด
00:42
make offices and workplaces safer. Sensors that monitor our movements,ย 
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์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค๊ณผ ์ž‘์—…์žฅ์„ ๋” ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์„œ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์„ผ์„œ, ์ง์žฅ ๋™๋ฃŒ์™€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ
00:48
smartphone apps that alert us if we get too close to workmatesย 
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์ง€๋ฉด ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ ์•ฑ
00:52
and even devices that take our temperature could allย 
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, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ฒด์˜จ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘
00:55
become the new normal โ€“ that's a phrase we hearย 
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๊ฐ€ ๋‰ด๋…ธ๋ฉ€
00:58
a lot these days, meaning a previously unfamiliarย 
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01:02
situation that has become usual and expected.
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์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‰์†Œ์™€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ.
01:05
In this programme, weโ€™ll take a look at how thisย 
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ 
01:08
technology works and ask if it really is the answerย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ต์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ
01:12
weโ€™re looking for.
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
But first, todayโ€™s quiz question. The thermal cameras I mentionedย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ € ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์—ดํ™”์ƒ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์ฒด์˜จ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒด ๋ถ€์œ„์˜ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ก
01:17
screen for coronavirus by recording skin temperatureย 
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ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ™”๋ฉด์— ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
in the area of the body which most closely resemblesย 
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01:24
the internal body temperature - but which area is that? Is it:
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋Š ๋ถ€์œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:29
a) the eye b) the ear, orย 
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a) ๋ˆˆ b) ๊ท€์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด
01:32
c) the nose?
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c) ์ฝ”์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:33
Iโ€™ll say a) the eye.
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๋‚˜๋Š” a) ๋ˆˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
OK, Sam. Weโ€™ll find out later if you were right.ย 
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์ข‹์•„, ์ƒ˜. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ณ์•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
Now, as employees slowly return to work, tech companies are busy finding ways forย 
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์ด์ œ ์ง์›๋“ค์ด ์„œ์„œํžˆ ์—…๋ฌด์— ๋ณต๊ท€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š”
01:43
them to do so safely. One such company, โ€˜Microshareโ€™,ย 
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์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ์— ๋ถ„์ฃผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ 'Microshare'
01:48
is managed by Charles Paumelle. He spoke to BBC World Service programmeย 
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๋Š” Charles Paumelle์ด ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š”
01:52
Tech Tent to explain a possible solution.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ Tech Tent์™€ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
The technology that we are offering is using Bluetooth wristbands orย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๊ทผ์ ‘ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง์žฅ โ€‹โ€‹๋‚ด์—์„œ
02:01
tags that people are wearing within the workplace which detectย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ฃจํˆฌ์Šค ํŒ”์ฐŒ ๋˜๋Š” ํƒœ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:04
proximity events. When the proximity event has been recorded, it's beenย 
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. ๊ทผ์ ‘ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜๋ฉด
02:08
saved by the company in case they need to, further down the line,ย 
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์–ธ
02:12
retrace the steps of a certain person who has been declared asย 
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๋œ ํŠน์ • ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์—ญ์ถ”์ 
02:16
infected and inform anyone else they may have been in contact with.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ‘์ด‰ํ–ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ ค์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•ด ์ €์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:21
One important way to control coronavirus involves contact tracing.ย 
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” โ€‹โ€‹ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์€ ์ ‘์ด‰์ž ์ถ”์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
This means that someone who tests positive for the disease informs everyone elseย 
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์ด๋Š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–‘์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:30
theyโ€™ve been in contact with. Microshareโ€™s system forย 
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. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ Microshare์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ
02:34
this uses Bluetooth - technology that allows computers,ย 
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์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ,
02:38
mobile phones and other devices to communicate with each other withoutย 
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ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์„  ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์—†์ด ์„œ๋กœ ํ†ต์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ธ ๋ธ”๋ฃจํˆฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:42
being connected by wires.
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.
02:44
Employees wear Bluetooth wristbands which register when workersย 
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์ง์›์€ ์ž‘์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋“ฑ๋กํ•˜๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ฃจํˆฌ์Šค ํŒ”์ฐŒ๋ฅผ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰
02:49
come into close proximity โ€“ how near a person is to another person.
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, ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
Anyone who has been close to a workmate will then know they have to take actionย 
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์ง์žฅ ๋™๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์› ๋˜
02:59
if that person is found to haveย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€๋ฉด ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ
03:00
coronavirus later down the line โ€“ in the future.
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๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
Wearing wristbands, monitoring data on smartphonesย 
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์†๋ชฉ ๋ฐด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์—์„œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง
03:07
and being recorded by cameras โ€“ it all feels like quite a bigย 
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ํ•˜๊ณ , ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์— ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ
03:12
invasion of privacy, doesnโ€™t it?
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์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ ์นจํ•ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š๊ปด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
03:14
It certainly does, and although some argueย 
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€
03:17
that such measures are necessary in these unprecedented times,ย 
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์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „๋ก€ ์—†๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
03:21
others are worried about the possible consequences.ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:24
Hereโ€™s human rights lawyer, Ravi Naik, with a warning:
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์ธ Ravi Naik ์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
From a human rights perspective, you have to try to ask,ย 
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์ธ๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ
03:30
are you trying to use tech for techโ€™s sake is this actually going to facilitateย 
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ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
03:35
an understanding of who is safe to go back to work or not?ย 
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์ž‘๋™ ์—ฌ๋ถ€?
03:38
And if not, whatโ€™s the necessityย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ถŒ์„
03:40
of this because itโ€™s such a significant interference with basic human rights.ย 
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์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์นจํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ? ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ 
03:44
There has to be a high level of evidential justification to deployย 
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์„ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ ์  ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
03:48
this type of technology and I just don't think it's there.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
Ravi questions whether these devices will actually help identify who canย 
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Ravi๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ง์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต๊ท€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด
03:56
return to work, or whether the technologyย 
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๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ 
03:58
is being used for its own sake โ€“ an expression meaning doing somethingย 
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์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ
04:02
because it is interesting and enjoyable, not because you need to.
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๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
Raviโ€™s work as a lawyer involves finding proof thatย 
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๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ Ravi์˜ ์—…๋ฌด ์—๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์˜ณ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:10
something is right or wrong. If peopleโ€™s human rights are beingย 
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. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ธ๊ถŒ์ด ์นจํ•ด๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:14
interfered with, he thinks there has to be evidential justification โ€“ย 
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, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์˜ณ์€ ์ผ์ธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์  ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ
04:20
explanation of the reasons why something is the right thing to do,ย 
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04:24
based on evidence. Like the evidence from screening body temperatureโ€ฆ
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ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒด์˜จ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผโ€ฆ
04:29
โ€ฆwhich bring us back to todayโ€™s quizย 
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โ€ฆ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:31
question. Remember I asked you which part of the body is scannedย 
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. ์ฒด์˜จ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ดํ™”์ƒ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋กœ ์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ์–ด๋Š ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์Šค์บ”ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”
04:35
by thermal cameras to measure body temperature.
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.
04:38
And I said a) the eye.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” a) ๋ˆˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
And you were absolutely right! Thereโ€™s a small area of the eyeย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ณ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
04:45
close to the tear ducts which is the most accurate part of theย 
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04:49
skin for measuring body temperature.
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์ฒด์˜จ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ ๋ˆ„๊ด€์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ˆˆ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์˜์—ญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
Well, there you go.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”.
04:53
Weโ€™ve been discussing how thermal camerasย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์—ดํ™”์ƒ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ
04:55
and other workplace devices being used to prevent coronavirus are becomingย 
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๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ž‘์—…์žฅ ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
05:00
the new normal โ€“ a previously unfamiliar situation that is becoming normalised.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ‘œ์ค€์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ์ฆ‰ ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์ •์ƒํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
Some of these devices are wristbands with Bluetooth โ€“ technology allowingย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š”
05:10
computers and smartphones to communicate remotely without wires. They canย 
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์™€ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์ด ์„  ์—†์ด ์›๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ธ ๋ธ”๋ฃจํˆฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์†๋ชฉ ๋ฐด๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜
05:15
identify work colleagues who have been in close proximity โ€“ in other words,ย 
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์ง์žฅ ๋™๋ฃŒ, ์ฆ‰ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง์žฅ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:19
near to each other.
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.
05:21
That will be helpful if one of them tests positiveย 
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด
05:23
for coronavirus further down the line โ€“ at some point in the future.
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–‘์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์–ด๋Š ์‹œ์ ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
The coronavirus pandemic has caused massive changesย 
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋Œ€์œ ํ–‰ ์€
05:32
in workplaces around the worldย 
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ
05:34
but some critics are concerned that contact tracing technologyย 
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์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋น„ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์€ ์ ‘์ด‰์ž ์ถ”์  ๊ธฐ์ˆ 
05:37
is being used for its own sake - because it is interesting andย 
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05:41
enjoyable to do, rather than being absolutely necessary.
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์ด ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ณ  ์ฆ๊ฒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
And since much of the new tech invades personal privacyย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ด ๊ฐœ์ธ ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ์„ ์นจํ•ด
05:48
it should only be introduced with evidential justification โ€“ย 
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ํ•˜๊ธฐ
05:53
explanation of why it is the right thing to do, based on evidence.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์™œ ์˜ณ์€ ์ผ์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋„์ž…๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
Unfortunately, thatโ€™s all weโ€™ve got time for,ย 
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์œ ๊ฐ ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ
06:00
but remember to join us again. Bye for now!
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๋ฟ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•!
06:02
Bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
06:09
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.ย 
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
Iโ€™m Georgina.
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์ €๋Š” ์กฐ์ง€๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
And Iโ€™m Rob.
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์ €๋Š” ๋กญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
Rob, whatโ€™s the best job youโ€™ve ever had?
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Rob, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ง์—…์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:17
Err well, this one, of course! Itโ€™s very creative,ย 
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š” , ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ๋งค์šฐ ์ฐฝ์˜์ 
06:21
with lots of variety.
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์ด๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
OK, any other reasons?
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
06:25
Well, yes โ€“ itโ€™s a permanent job - a staff job - with regularย 
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๋„ค, ์ •๊ทœ์ง
06:29
income and a pension.
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๊ทœ ์ˆ˜์ž…๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๊ทœ์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
Yes, these things can be important, but have youย 
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์˜ˆ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
06:34
ever been freelance โ€“ by that I mean, workingย 
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ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋žœ์„œ๋กœ ์ผํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ฆ‰, ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ 
06:36
for yourself and sellingย 
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06:38
your skills and services to different businesses?
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์— ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ํŒ๋งคํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:41
Well, I worked as a paperboy once โ€“ delivering newspapers.ย 
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ €๋Š” ํ•œ๋•Œ ์‹ ๋ฌธ ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:45
But not really โ€“ itโ€™s a risky way to earn an income.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ˆ˜์ž…์„ ์–ป๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
It can be Rob. But many people choose to, or have to work asย 
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๋กญ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ์กด์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋žœ์„œ๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ผ์„
06:52
a freelancer to survive.ย 
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ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
And thatโ€™s what weโ€™re talking about in this programme.ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
But letโ€™s start with a question for you, Rob.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Rob.
06:59
OK.
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์ข‹์•„์š”.
07:00
This is about job titles back in the 19th Century,ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 19์„ธ๊ธฐ
07:04
what kind of job was a drummer?
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์— ์ง์—…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋จธ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ง์—…์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:06
Were theyโ€ฆ a)ย ย someone who played the drums,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€... a) ๋“œ๋Ÿผ์„ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ,
07:09
b) a travelling salesmanย 
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b) ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ผ์ฆˆ๋งจ
07:12
or c) a music publicist โ€“ who drums up โ€“ย 
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๋˜๋Š” c) ์Œ์•… ํ™๋ณด ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž โ€“ ๋ถ์„ ์น˜๋Š” โ€“
07:16
meaning encourages, support for a band?
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๋ฐด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฉ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์˜€๋‚˜์š”?
07:18
Well, itโ€™s got to beย 
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์Œ,
07:19
someone who plays the drums - t hatโ€™s my kind of job!
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๋“œ๋Ÿผ์„ ์น˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ œ ์ง์—…์ด์—์š”!
07:22
OK, Rob, weโ€™ll find out if thatโ€™s right at theย 
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Rob
07:25
end of the programme. But letโ€™s talk more aboutย 
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. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
07:27
work now. Long gone are the days of a jobย 
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. ๊ฐ™์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š”
07:30
for life, where you spent your adult life workingย 
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๋ฐ ์„ฑ์ธ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋˜ ํ‰์ƒ ์ง์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋Š” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „์— ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:33
your way up the career ladder at the same company.
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.
07:36
Yes, thatโ€™s right. We work in many different waysย 
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์˜ˆ, ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
now because the needs of businesses change frequently andย 
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๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์ž์ฃผ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ณ 
07:42
it needs to be agile โ€“ changing the size and typeย 
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๋ฏผ์ฒฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ธ๋ ฅ ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์™€ ์œ ํ˜•
07:45
of work force in order to meet demand.
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์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:47
So, people need to adapt and some choose to workย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ ์‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ํ•„์š”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
07:50
for themselves, offering their skills to differentย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์— ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ์„ ํƒ
07:53
businesses as and when they are needed. But it canย 
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ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ณง ์•Œ๊ฒŒ
07:56
also be a lifestyle choice, as weโ€™re about to find out.
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๋  ๋ผ์ดํ”„์Šคํƒ€์ผ ์„ ํƒ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:00
Yes, some people have chosen to become self-employed โ€“ย 
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์˜ˆ, ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
08:03
working for themselves - but also, because of theย 
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž์˜์—…์„ ์„ ํƒ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
08:06
recent coronavirus pandemic, some people have been forcedย 
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์ตœ๊ทผ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
08:09
into this situation. Letโ€™s hear from Carla Barker, who set upย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๊ทœ์ง
08:13
her own business after giving up her regular job.ย 
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์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ Carla Barker์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:17
She told BBC Radio 4โ€™s programme You and Yours how she feltโ€ฆ
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” BBC ๋ผ๋””์˜ค 4์˜ You and Yours ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์ž์‹ ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ผˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
You know the idea of giving up a solid, permanent, full-time,ย 
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๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ด๊ณ , ์ •๊ทœ์ง์ด๊ณ ,
08:25
paid, comfortable, role is a bit petrifyingโ€ฆ It is super-scaryย 
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์œ ๊ธ‰์ด๊ณ , ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ , ์—ญํ• ์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„
08:31
because โ€ฆ you then have that fear of โ€˜oh my goodness can weย 
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๋ฌด์„ญ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€ฆ '๋ง™์†Œ์‚ฌ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€
08:35
do thisโ€™? You also have things creeping in that say you knowย 
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? ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
08:39
like self-sabotage โ€“ are you good enough to do this?ย 
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์ž๊ธฐ ํŒŒ๊ดด ํ–‰์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹  ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ๋งŒํผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ž˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:41
Are people going to want to take me on as a business?
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ด ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์—…์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
08:46
So, Carla decided to go it alone โ€“ an informal way of saying workย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ Carla๋Š” ํ˜ผ์ž ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •
08:50
for herself. She described giving up a full-time job as petrifyingย 
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ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ž์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ผ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€ ๋Š” ์ •๊ทœ์ง์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
โ€“ so frightening you canโ€™t speak or move. She may have beenย 
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฌด์„œ์›Œ์„œ ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์›€์ง์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
08:59
exaggerating slightly but she also said it was โ€˜super-scaryโ€™!
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊ณผ์žฅ ํ–ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ '์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์„ญ๋‹ค'๊ณ ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„์€ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ
09:03
I guess working for yourself must be scary as youโ€™reย 
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๋ณธ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‘๋ ค์šธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:06
solely responsible for your own success. Itโ€™s no surpriseย 
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.
09:10
Carla had feelings of self-sabotage โ€“ having doubtsย 
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Carla๊ฐ€ ์ž๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉํ•ด ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์‹ฌ
09:14
and fears that stopped her achieving something.
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๊ณผ ๋‘๋ ค์›€ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
Luckily, she persisted and things went well. And many other peopleย 
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์šด ์ข‹๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ผ ์ด ์ž˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
09:20
who have become self-employed or freelance have overcome theย 
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์ž์˜์—…์ž ๋‚˜ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋žœ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ทน๋ณต
09:24
fear and discovered the benefits.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
Like Fiona Thomas, whoโ€™s the author of a book called โ€˜Ditch the 9 to 5ย 
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'9์‹œ๋ฅผ 5์‹œ๋กœ
09:31
and be your Own Bossโ€™. She also spoke to the BBCโ€™s You andย 
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๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ณด์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด๋ผ'๋ผ๋Š” ์ฑ…์˜ ์ €์ž์ธ ํ”ผ์˜ค๋‚˜ ํ† ๋งˆ์Šค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ BBC์˜ You and
09:35
Yours programme and explained why she gave up the 9 to 5 โ€“ the regular,ย 
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Yours ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋ฉฐ ์™œ ๊ทธ๋…€ ๊ฐ€ 9์‹œ์—์„œ 5์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ •๊ทœ์ง์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
09:39
full-time staff job โ€“ and how it helped herโ€ฆ
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
A kind of combination of wantingย 
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09:45
some creative fulfilment from a job, compared to the job that I wasย 
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09:50
in before, which was very much customer based and working face-to-faceย 
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09:53
in hospitality. But I also wanted the flexibility to accommodate my mentalย 
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์ ‘๊ฐ์—… ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ง์ ‘ ๋Œ€๋ฉดํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ด์ „์˜ ์ง์—…์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
09:59
health because I suffer from depression and anxiety and I found working in aย 
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ๊ณผ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ์•“๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
10:03
rigid schedule and being in front of a lot of people all the time reallyย 
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๋นก๋นกํ•œ ์ผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์•ž์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
10:08
exacerbated a lot of my symptoms. And I also wanted the financial freedomย 
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์ œ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์•…ํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ •์‹  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ๋„ ์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์žฌ์ •์  ์ž์œ 
10:13
to be able to, over time, increase my income without just having to waitย 
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๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์Šน์ง„ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ
10:18
on being promoted or getting a pay rise in traditional employment.
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๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ณ ์šฉ์—์„œ ๊ธ‰์—ฌ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ๋„ ์ˆ˜์ž…์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
So, working for herself gave Fiona a good feeling that she achieved somethingย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ Fiona๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ผ์„ ์„ฑ์ทจํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:26
she wanted to do โ€“ it gave her creative fulfilment. It also meant sheย 
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. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋…€
10:31
could work more flexibly and that helped her with her mental healthย 
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๊ฐ€ ๋” ์œ ์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ์ž‘์—…
10:35
because she didnโ€™t have to follow a fixed rota of tasks.
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์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ •์‹  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:39
And it gave her financial freedom โ€“ meaning the money she earned wasย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์žฌ์ •์  ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ฒˆ ๋ˆ
10:43
not controlled by someone else,ย 
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์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ
10:45
and she didnโ€™t have to wait for someone else to give her aย 
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๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ธ‰์—ฌ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ์ค„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆด ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:48
pay rise. Of course, that can be risky too.
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. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
10:51
Letโ€™s get back to my quiz question now, Rob. Earlier I asked youย 
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๋‚ด ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์ž , Rob. ์•ž์„œ 19์„ธ๊ธฐ์—
10:55
if you knew what job a drummer used to do back in the 19th Century?
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๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋จธ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„๋Š๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:59
And obviously, a drummer plays the drums!
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋จธ ๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋Ÿผ์„ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
11:02
Well, you are sort of right but aย 
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๋‹น์‹  ๋ง์ด ๋งž์ง€๋งŒ
11:04
drummer also used to be an informal way of describingย 
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๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋จธ๋Š” ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํŒ๋งค์› ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๊ธฐ๋„
11:07
a travelling salesperson โ€“ because their job was toย 
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11:11
drum up business for a company โ€“ meaning they triedย 
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11:14
to increase sales.
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ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
Ahh very interesting, although I know which drummer Iย 
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์•„, ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋จธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ 
11:18
would rather be โ€“ a freelance drummer in a rock band!
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์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ก ๋ฐด๋“œ์˜ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋žœ์„œ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋จธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
11:21
And freelance is one of the words weโ€™ve mentioned today.ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋žœ์„œ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
To freelance means to work for yourself, selling yourย 
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ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋žœ์„œ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ž์‹ ์˜
11:27
skills or services to different businesses.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋‚˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์— ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
Becoming self-employed can be petrifying โ€“ frightening, so you canโ€™t speakย 
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์ž์˜์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒ์ด ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒ์ด ๋‚˜์„œ ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์›€์ง์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:35
or move. And starting out on your own can lead to self-sabotage โ€“ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž๊ธฐ ํŒŒ๊ดด ํ–‰์œ„๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
having doubts and fears that stop you achieving something.
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์˜์‹ฌ๊ณผ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
But it can also give you fulfilment โ€“ a good feeling of achievingย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ฑ์ทจ๊ฐ , ์ฆ‰ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ฑ์ทจํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:46
something for yourself.
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.
11:48
And having financial freedom meansย 
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์žฌ์ •์  ์ž์œ ๋ž€ ๋ˆ
11:50
being able to control how you earn and use your money.
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์„ ๋ฒŒ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
Thatโ€™s it for this programme. We have plenty more 6 Minute Englishย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
programmes to enjoy on our website at bbclearningenglish.com.ย 
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์ €ํฌ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ bbclearningenglish.com์—์„œ ์ฆ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:02
And check us out on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.ย 
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Facebook, Twitter ๋ฐ Instagram์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค .
12:06
Bye for now. Goodbye.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•. ์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
12:13
Hello. This is 6 Minute English. I'm Sam.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
And I'm Rob.
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์ €๋Š” ๋กญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
Before you got your first job, Rob, did you do any work experience?
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Rob, ์ฒซ ์ง์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ง์žฅ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
12:22
I think I may have done a day or two at some companies,ย 
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์ผ๋ถ€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋‚˜ ์ดํ‹€ ์ •๋„
12:26
just shadowing, watching how they did things โ€“ but nothingย 
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๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์šฐ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ผํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ
12:29
much more than that.
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๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
Some companies offer students or recent graduates what they callย 
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์ผ๋ถ€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์กธ์—…์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ธํ„ด์‹ญ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:35
internships. These are extended periods of work experience whereย 
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. ์ด๋“ค์€
12:40
someone can be working full-time without an actual contract andย 
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์‹ค์ œ ๊ณ„์•ฝ ์—†์ด,
12:45
in many cases without even being paid.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธ‰์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ํ’€ํƒ€์ž„์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ์žฅ๋œ ์—…๋ฌด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
Ah โ€“ yes. This is a bit of a problem, isnโ€™t it? Some companies are beingย 
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์•„ ์˜ˆ. ์ด๊ฑด ์ข€ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”? ์ผ๋ถ€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š”
12:51
accused of using students and graduates as cheap or free labour.
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ํ•™์ƒ๊ณผ ์กธ์—…์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ’์‹ผ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋น„๋‚œ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:56
Yes, although the counter argument is that internships are valuable experienceย 
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์˜ˆ, ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์ฃผ์žฅ ์€ ์ธํ„ด์‹ญ์ด
13:00
for people who need it before they can get a โ€˜realโ€™ job. Well, weโ€™ll lookย 
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'์ง„์งœ' ์ง์—…์„ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ธํ„ด์‹ญ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž,
13:06
at this topic a little more after this weekโ€™s quiz question. On the topic ofย 
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ›„์— ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ
13:10
business and companies, which is the oldest stock exchange in the world?
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์ฆ๊ถŒ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์†Œ๋Š” ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์™€ ๊ธฐ์—…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:16
Is it: A: Bombayย 
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์žฅ์†Œ: A: ๋ด„๋ฒ ์ด
13:19
B: New York C: Amsterdam
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B: ๋‰ด์š• C: ์•”์Šคํ…Œ๋ฅด๋‹ด
13:23
What do you think, Rob?
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์–ด๋•Œ, ๋กญ? ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ๋ก์—์„œ
13:24
Tricky, because I was expecting London on that list. Iโ€™m going to take a guessย 
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๋Ÿฐ๋˜์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์•”์Šคํ…Œ๋ฅด๋‹ด์—์„œ ์ถ”์ธกํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:29
then at Amsterdam.
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.
13:31
OK. Well, I will reveal the answer later in the programme. James Turner is theย 
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๊ทธ ๋‹ต์€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. James Turner๋Š”
13:36
chief executive of an education charity. Recently he took part in a discussion on theย 
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๊ต์œก โ€‹โ€‹์ž์„  ๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ธํ„ด์‹ญ์„ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ํ•œ
13:41
BBC radio programme You and Yours, on the topic of internships. What doesย 
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BBC ๋ผ๋””์˜ค ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ You and Yours์˜ ํ† ๋ก ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ฌด๊ธ‰ ์ธํ„ด์‹ญ
13:46
he think is a big issue with unpaid internships?
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์˜ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
13:50
In many careers weโ€™re now seeing that itโ€™s almost as an expectationย 
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๋งŽ์€ ์ง์—…์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์ œ
13:53
that a young person does an internship before they stand a chance of gettingย 
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์ Š์€์ด ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ง์—…์—์„œ ์ฒซ ์ •๊ทœ์ง์„ ์–ป์„ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ธํ„ด์‹ญ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์— ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค
13:57
that first full-time job in that profession, and the issue with thatย 
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๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ
14:00
from a sort of social mobility pointย 
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๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ด๋™์„ฑ ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธํ„ด์‹ญ
14:02
of view is that a substantial proportion of those internships are unpaid and thatย 
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์˜ ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ฌด๊ธ‰์ด๋ฉฐ
14:06
effectively rules out those who canโ€™t afford to work for free.
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ผํ•  ์—ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
So what is the problem with unpaid internships, Rob?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌด๊ธ‰ ์ธํ„ด์‹ญ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, Rob?
14:13
Well, if you canโ€™t afford to work for free, it makes it very difficult toย 
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์Œ, ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ผํ•  ์—ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€
14:18
do an internship โ€“ particularly in expensive cities like London.ย 
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์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ํŠนํžˆ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋น„์‹ผ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์ธํ„ด์‹ญ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:23
This excludes, or rules out a lotย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธํ„ด์‹ญ์˜ ํ˜œํƒ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:25
of people from the benefits of an internship.
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.
14:28
This is bad for social mobility, which is the ability of people to moveย 
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์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
14:33
to higher, better paid levels in society. So the poorer you are the moreย 
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์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๋” ๋†’๊ณ  ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์ž„๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ด๋™์„ฑ์— ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์–ด๋„
14:39
difficult it can be to get a good job, even if you have the ability.
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์ข‹์€ ์ง์žฅ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
14:44
Could you afford to work for free here in London, Sam?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์—์„œ ๊ณต์งœ๋กœ ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ˆ, ์ƒ˜?
14:47
No, I can barely afford to live in London as it is, so the ideaย 
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ์ €๋Š” ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‚ด ์—ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
14:51
of doing an unpaid internship would not appeal to me at all.ย 
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๋ฌด๊ธ‰ ์ธํ„ด์‹ญ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:55
Turner goes on to talk about other issues that are alsoย 
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Turner๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ
14:59
problematic in internship programmes.
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์ธํ„ด์‹ญ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
Too often internships are open to those with established connectionsย 
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž์ฃผ ์ธํ„ด์‹ญ์€ ์ง์—…์—์„œ ํ™•๋ฆฝ๋œ ์ธ๋งฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์—ด๋ ค ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ธ๋งฅ
15:06
in the professions and again that rules out those young people whoย 
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15:09
donโ€™t have the well-connected familiesย 
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์ด ์ข‹์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ
15:12
or friends who can open those doors for them.
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์ด๋‚˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ด์–ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:14
So what are these other issues? Rob In many cases he says thatย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? Rob ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
15:18
internship opportunities are only available to those withย 
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์ธํ„ด์‹ญ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋Š”
15:22
established connections to the company or industry. This means they have someย 
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์—…๊ณ„์™€ ํ™•๊ณ ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ์ œ๊ณต๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ฆ‰
15:27
pre-existing link with theย 
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15:28
company, for example, through family or friendsโ€™ families.
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, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ์™€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:32
Yes, itโ€™s a lot easier if your family is well-connected,ย 
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์˜ˆ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด
15:36
if it has a lot of contacts and links to a particular companyย 
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์ธ๋งฅ์ด ์ข‹๊ณ  ํŠน์ • ํšŒ์‚ฌ
15:39
or important people in that company.
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๋˜๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ฝ์ฒ˜ ๋ฐ ๋งํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์œผ๋ฉด ํ›จ์”ฌ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:42
These links make it easier to open doors to the opportunity.ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งํฌ ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐํšŒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์„ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์—ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:46
To open doors is an expression that means to get access to.
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๋ฌธ์„ ์—ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:51
So it seems that to be able to do an unpaid internshipsย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌด๊ธ‰ ์ธํ„ด์‹ญ
15:54
you need to have a fair bit of money and to get an internshipย 
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์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋ˆ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธํ„ด์‹ญ์„ ์–ป์œผ
15:57
in the first place you may need to have a previous linkย 
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๋ ค๋ฉด ๋จผ์ € ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์ „ ๋งํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:00
to the company through a family connection, for example.
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.
16:04
So the system would seem to be difficult for poorer families and make it moreย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ 
16:08
difficult for students without those resources or connectionsย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž์›์ด๋‚˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ
16:12
to get on the job ladder. Hereโ€™s James Turner again.
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์ด ์—†๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ง์—… ์‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋” ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ œ์ž„์Šค ํ„ฐ๋„ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:16
Too often internships are openย 
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž์ฃผ ์ธํ„ด์‹ญ์€ ์ „๋ฌธ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ
16:18
to those with established connections in the professions and again that rulesย 
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ํ™•๋ฆฝ๋œ ์ธ๋งฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์—ด๋ ค ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ธ๋งฅ
16:22
out those young people who donโ€™t have the well-connected familiesย 
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์ด ์ข‹์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ
16:26
or friends who can open those doors for them.
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์ด๋‚˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ด์–ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:29
Right, time now to answer this weekโ€™s question. which is the oldestย 
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ
16:33
stock exchange in the world? Is it:ย 
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์ฆ๊ถŒ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์†Œ๋Š”? ์—ฌ๋ถ€:
16:35
A: Bombay B: New Yorkย 
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A: ๋ด„๋ฒ ์ด B: ๋‰ด์š•
16:39
C: Amsterdam Rob, what did you say?
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C: ์•”์Šคํ…Œ๋ฅด๋‹ด ๋กญ, ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด?
16:42
I went for Amsterdam.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์•”์Šคํ…Œ๋ฅด๋‹ด์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
16:44
Well done, thatโ€™s correct.ย 
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์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:46
Congratulations to everyone who go that right andย 
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ถ•ํ•˜๋ฅผ
16:49
xtra bonus points if you know the date. Rob?
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์ „ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‚ ์งœ๋ฅผ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค ํฌ์ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณต ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋กญ?
16:53
Havenโ€™t a clue! 1750?
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์‹ค๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด! 1750?
16:55
Actually itโ€™s a lot earlier, 1602.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ด๋ฅธ 1602๋…„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:58
Wow, thatโ€™s much earlier than I thought.
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์™€, ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋น ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:00
Right, letโ€™s have a look again at todayโ€™s vocabulary. Weโ€™ve been talking aboutย 
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์ž, ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
17:05
internships which are periods of work at companies as a way for studentsย 
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ํ•™์ƒ
17:09
or new graduates to get experience in a particular field.
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์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ ๊ทœ ์กธ์—…์ƒ ์ด ํŠน์ • ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์Œ“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ธ ์ธํ„ด์‹ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:13
If they are unpaid it can make social mobility very difficult.ย 
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๊ธ‰์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ด๋™์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:17
This is the movement from a lower social level to a higher one andย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ด๋™์ด๋ฉฐ
17:21
itโ€™s difficult as poorer candidates canโ€™t afford to work for free.
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ง€์›์ž ๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ผํ•  ์—ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:25
Yes, the cost rules them out, it excludes them from the opportunity.
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์˜ˆ, ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐํšŒ์—์„œ ์ œ์™ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:31
What helps is if you have established connections with a company.ย 
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๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:35
This refers to previous or pre-existing links with a company.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์™€์˜ ์ด์ „ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:39
And also if your family is well-connected, if it hasย 
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ด ์ž˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
17:43
good connections,ย 
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17:44
for example if your father plays golf with the CEO,ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ๊ฐ€ CEO์™€ ๊ณจํ”„๋ฅผ ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด ์ž˜๋˜๋ฉด
17:48
it can open doors, or in other words,ย 
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๋ฌธ์„ ์—ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
17:50
it can make it easier to get into the company.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:53
So Sam, are you well-connected?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ Sam, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ž˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
17:55
No, only to my smartphone!
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์•„๋‹ˆ, ๋‚ด ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์—๋งŒ!
17:58
Same here โ€“ but we still madeย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
17:59
it to BBC Learning English and you can find more from us online,ย 
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ BBC ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์ฐธ์—ฌ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ, ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๋ฐ ์•ฑ์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜
18:04
on social media and on our app. But for now, thatโ€™s allย 
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์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ
18:07
from 6 Minute English. See you again soon. Bye bye!
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์ „๋ถ€ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด์ž. ์•ˆ๋…•!
18:10
Bye everyone!
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์•ˆ๋…•!
18:16
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.ย 
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:20
Iโ€™m Neil. And Iโ€™m Georgina.
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์กฐ์ง€๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋…„
18:22
After working together at BBC Learning English for manyย 
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๋™์•ˆ BBC Learning English์—์„œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•œ ํ›„
18:25
years, Georgina, you andย 
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, Georgina, ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ
18:26
I have a good working relationship, donโ€™t we?
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์—…๋ฌด ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
18:29
Sure, I think we make a great team!
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ํŒ€์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
18:31
But have you ever had a boss who you just couldnโ€™t work with?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
18:35
Oh, you mean a bad boss โ€“ someone you just canโ€™t get on with,ย 
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์˜ค, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚˜์œ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด๋„ ์ž˜ ์ง€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ
18:38
no matter how hard you try.ย 
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:40
Yes, Iโ€™ve had one or two over the years โ€“ not you of course, Neil!
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๋„ค, ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•œ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š” โ€“ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”, ๋‹!
18:44
I'm glad to hear it, Georgina! Often this happens becauseย 
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๊ธฐ๋ป์š”, ์กฐ์ง€๋‚˜! ์ด๋Š”
18:48
workers feel they arenโ€™t listened to by managers.ย 
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์ง์› ์ด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ข…์ข… ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:51
Or it might be because mostย 
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๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜
18:52
companies are hierarchies - systems of organising peopleย 
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์ธต ๊ตฌ์กฐ, ์ฆ‰ ์ค‘์š”๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:56
according to their level of importance.
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.
18:59
Managers on top, workers down below.
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์œ„์—๋Š” ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž, ์•„๋ž˜์—๋Š” ์ง์›์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:02
But in this programme we hear from companies whoโ€™ve got ridย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ณ ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:05
of managers and say it has helped them do a better job,ย 
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๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด
19:08
made them happier and saved money.
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๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„๊ณ„์งˆ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ  ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
19:10
Weโ€™ll meet a self-managing company which isnโ€™t hierarchical and hasย 
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์—†๋Š” ์ž์œจ ๊ฒฝ์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ
19:15
no boss. And of course weโ€™ll be learning some new vocabularyย 
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์–ดํœ˜
19:18
along the way.
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๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:19
But first, todayโ€™s quiz question. One of the biggest problemsย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ € ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์ธต ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜
19:23
in hierarchies is the excess cost of management andย 
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๋Š” ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ
19:26
bureaucracy. But how much is that estimated to cost the US economyย 
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๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ฃผ์˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋งค๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋“œ๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์€
19:31
every year? Is it:
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์–ผ๋งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
19:33
a) 3 million dollars,ย 
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a) 300๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ,
19:35
b) 3 billion dollar, or c) 3 trillion dollars?
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b) 30์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋˜๋Š” c) 3์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
19:40
Iโ€™ll say c) 3 trillion dollars โ€“ thatโ€™s one followed byย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” c) 3์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ€“ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ 1 ๋’ค์—
19:44
twelve zeros - a lot of money!
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0์ด 12๊ฐœ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ€“ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
19:47
OK, Georgina, weโ€™ll find out later if youโ€™re right. Now, one ofย 
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์ข‹์•„์š”, Georgina, ๋‹น์‹  ๋ง์ด ๋งž๋Š”์ง€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”. ์ด์ œ ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ 
19:51
the first companies to experiment successfully with self-managementย 
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์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜
19:55
was Californian tomato grower Morning Star.ย 
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๋Š” ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ํ† ๋งˆํ†  ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์—…์ฒด์ธ Morning Star์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:59
Hereโ€™s one of their employees, Doug Kirkpatrick, talking to Dinaย 
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์ง์› ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ธ Doug Kirkpatrick
20:02
Newman for the BBC World Service programme, People Fixing the World:
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์ด BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ People Fixing the World
20:08
The first principle was that human beings should not use force or coercionย 
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์—์„œ Dina Newman๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ
20:15
against other human beings. And the second principle was that people shouldย 
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์›์น™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
20:20
keep the commitments they make to each other and so we adoptedย 
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์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ์•ฝ์†์„ ์ง€์ผœ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
20:24
them as pretty much the entire governance of the enterprise.
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์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ „์ฒด ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค๋กœ ์ฑ„ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:31
Because Morning Star has no bosses, decisions are made by all employeesย 
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Morning Star์—๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ•์ œ ์—†์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง์›์ด
20:35
equally without coercion โ€“ the use of force to persuadeย 
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๋™๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ
20:39
someone to do something they do not want to do.
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๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:42
As self-managers, employees canโ€™t tell other employees what to do.ย 
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์ž๊ธฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋กœ์„œ ์ง์›์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง์›์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์ง€์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:46
Everything is based on requesting someone to act and them responding.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:51
This motivates and empowers workers but also means they must keepย 
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์ด๋Š” ์ง์›์—๊ฒŒ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์š”์ฒญ ์‹œ
20:55
their commitments - promises or firm decisions to do somethingย 
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์•ฝ์† ๋˜๋Š” ํ™•๊ณ ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•ฝ์†์„ ์ง€์ผœ์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:58
when requested.
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.
21:00
This way of working is great for some โ€“ they feelย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž‘์—… ๋ฐฉ์‹ ์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
21:03
listened to and have a voice in how the company is run.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์šด์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:06
But Dina questions whether this is true for everybodyย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ Dina ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด Morning Star์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ธ์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ
21:09
working at Morning Star:
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ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ท€ํ•˜
21:12
Would it be true to say that a self-managed company likeย 
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์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž์ฒด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ
21:15
yours empowers people who are already very good and itย 
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๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋งค์šฐ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€
21:19
leaves behind those who are not so good?
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์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋’ค์— ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋‘”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
21:21
Iโ€™m not sure I accept the phrase โ€˜left behindโ€™. There are someย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” '๋’ค์— ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ง€๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ์ง€ ํ™•์‹ ์ด ์„œ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค . ์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ
21:26
people who take full advantage of this environment; othersย 
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์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค
21:30
take less advantage but they do benefit becauseย 
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์€ ๋œ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์กด์ค‘ ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด์ต์„ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:34
their voice is respected, when they do propose somethingย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ• 
21:38
it must be listened to, they are not subject toย 
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๋•Œ ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
21:41
force and coercion and if they donโ€™t act accordingย 
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๊ฐ•์ œ์™€ ๊ฐ•์••์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•ฝ์†์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ์—
21:44
to their commitments they can be held accountable by anyone.
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์˜ํ•ด ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜.
21:49
Having no bosses sounds great,ย 
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์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
21:51
but the extra responsibility can create more work and stress.ย 
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๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ๊ณผ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:55
Different workers respond to this in different waysย 
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์ž‘์—…์ž๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ด์— ๋Œ€์‘ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด
21:58
and some employees may be left behind - remain at a lower levelย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅด๋ฉฐ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง์›์€ ๋’ค์ฒ˜์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:02
than others because they are not as quick to develop.
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. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง์›๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:05
However other workers enjoy managing themselves and takeย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ณ 
22:09
full advantage of the system - make good use of the opportunityย 
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์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
22:12
to improve and achieve their goals.
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๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:15
No matter whether employees are good self-managers or not,ย 
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์ง์› ์ด ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์ธ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด
22:19
ultimately they are held accountable for their workย 
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๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง์›์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์—…๋ฌด
22:22
performance โ€“ asked to accept responsibility for theย 
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์„ฑ๊ณผ
22:25
consequences of their actions.
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์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:27
So, although having no boss sounds good, if thingsย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ
22:30
go wrong, thereโ€™s no-one to blame but yourself!
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์ผ์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜๋ฉด ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
22:33
So maybe we do need those managers after all โ€“ whichย 
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
22:37
reminds me of our quiz question.
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ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œ์ผœ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:39
You asked me to estimate how much the US economy losesย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งค๋…„ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žƒ๋Š” ์†์‹ค์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”์ฒญ
22:43
in excess bureaucracy and managerial costs every year.
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ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:47
And you said?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค?
22:48
c) 3 trillion dollars.
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c) 3์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ.
22:51
Which was absolutely right! Well done!
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ณ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์ž˜ํ•˜์…จ์–ด์š”!
22:53
And the cost keeps rising because, of course, the more managersย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž
22:56
there are, the more managers you need to manage the managers!
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๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž ๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋น„์šฉ์€ ๊ณ„์† ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
23:00
Today weโ€™ve been looking at the world of self-management -ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:03
companies run without bosses, which, unlike most businesses,ย 
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
23:07
are not based on a hierarchy โ€“ system of organising peopleย 
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๊ณ„์ธต ๊ตฌ์กฐ, ์ฆ‰ ์ค‘์š”๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์กฐ์งํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ƒ์‚ฌ ์—†์ด ์šด์˜๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:11
according to their level of importance.
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.
23:13
Instead companies like San Franciscoโ€™s Morning Star allow employees toย 
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๋Œ€์‹  ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”์˜ ๋ชจ๋‹์Šคํƒ€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๋Š” ์ง์›๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ•์••์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•์••์ ์ธ ์„ค๋“์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
23:17
make their own commitments โ€“ promises to act, rather thanย 
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ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•ฝ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์•ฝ์†์„
23:21
using coercion โ€“ or forcefulย ย 
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23:23
persuasion โ€“ to get results.
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:25
Many employees react positively to this working environmentย 
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๋งŽ์€ ์ง์› ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž‘์—… ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์‘
23:29
and take full advantage of it - make good use of theย 
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:32
opportunity to progress or achieve their goals.
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. ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:36
However, there is a risk that others who are more comfortableย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋” ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋’ค์ณ์งˆ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:38
being managed may get left behind - remain at a lower level thanย 
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23:42
others because they are not as quick to improve and adapt.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋น ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋‚จ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:46
But whatever their job role or feelings about self-management,ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง๋ฌด ์—ญํ•  ์ด๋‚˜ ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ 
23:50
all workers are held accountable โ€“ asked to accept responsibilityย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž๋Š” ์ฑ…์ž„
23:54
for their performance at work.
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์„ ์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:56
Meaning they take can the credit for when things go wellโ€ฆ
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์ผ์ด ์ž˜ ํ’€๋ฆด ๋•Œ ๊ณต๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
23:59
โ€ฆbut have nobody to hide behind when things go badly!
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โ€ฆ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ผ์ด ๋‚˜์  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋’ค์— ์ˆจ์„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
24:03
Thatโ€™s all from us today, but remember to join us againย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ณ„ ํ† ๋ก ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”
24:05
soon for more topical discussion and related vocabulary here atย 
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24:09
6 Minute English, from BBC Learning English.
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.
24:12
Bye for now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•.
24:14
Bye.
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์•ˆ๋…•.
24:20
Hello. This is 6 Minute English with me, Neil.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋‹๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:23
And me, Sam.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜, ์ƒ˜.
24:24
Today, weโ€™re talking rubbish.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:26
Ooh, thatโ€™s a bit harsh โ€“ I thought it wasย 
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์˜ค, ์ข€ ๊ฐ€ํ˜น ํ•˜๋„ค์š”
24:28
going to be interesting.
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. ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
24:29
I mean our topic is about rubbish, not that we are rubbish.
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๋‚ด ๋ง์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:33
I see. Do go on.
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”. ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
24:35
Thank you. So the amount of wasteย 
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
24:37
we produce around the world is huge and itโ€™s a growing problem.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์–‘์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:41
But, there are some things that we can do, like recycling.ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:45
Where I live, I can recycle a lot, and Iโ€™m always very carefulย 
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜
24:48
to separate - to split my rubbish into paper,ย 
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์žˆ๊ณ  ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข…์ด,
24:51
metal, food, plastic and so on.
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๊ธˆ์†, ์‹ํ’ˆ, ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋งค์šฐ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:53
But is that enough, even if we all do it? Weโ€™ll look aย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ๊ณง
24:57
little more at this topic shortly, but first,ย 
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์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
24:59
as always, a question. Which country recyclesย 
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๋จผ์ € ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:02
the highest percentage of its waste? Is it:
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ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š”? ์—ฌ๋ถ€:
25:06
A: Sweden B: Germanyย 
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A: ์Šค์›จ๋ด B: ๋…์ผ
25:09
C: New Zealand
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C: ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ
25:10
What do you think, Sam?
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์ƒ˜, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”?
25:11
Iโ€™m not sure, but I think it could beย 
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ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๋…์ผ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ
25:13
Germany so Iโ€™m going to go with that - Germany.
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ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋…์ผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:16
OK. Weโ€™ll see if youโ€™re right a little bit later on.ย 
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ณ์€์ง€ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:19
The BBC radio programme, Business Daily, recentlyย 
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BBC ๋ผ๋””์˜ค ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ Business Daily๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ
25:22
tackled this topic. They spoke to Alexandre Lemille,ย 
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์ด ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ค˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์ธ Alexandre Lemille๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
25:26
an expert in this area. Does he think recyclingย 
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. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ์ด ๋‹ต์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
25:29
is the answer? Letโ€™s hear what he said.
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? ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์ž.
25:32
Recycling is not the answer to waste from an efficient point ofย 
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25:37
view because we are not able to get all the wasteย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„
25:42
separated properly and therefore treatedย 
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์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ
25:45
in the background. The main objective of our modelย 
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ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฑ๊ทธ๋ผ์šด๋“œ์—์„œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ์€ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ
25:49
is to hide waste so we donโ€™t see as urban citizens,ย 
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๋Š” ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ ์‹œ๋ฏผ
25:53
or rural citizens, we donโ€™t see the waste,ย 
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์ด๋‚˜ ์‹œ๊ณจ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์ด ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
25:56
it is out of sight and therefore out of mind.
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๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋งˆ์Œ์—์„œ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:00
Whatโ€™s his view of recycling?
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์žฌํ™œ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
26:02
I was a bit surprised, because he said recyclingย 
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์žฌํ™œ์šฉ
26:05
wasnโ€™t the answer. One reason is that itโ€™sย 
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์ด ๋‹ต์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
26:08
not always possible to separate waste you canย 
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26:10
recycle from waste you canโ€™t recycle, and thatย 
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์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ
26:13
makes treating it very difficult. Treating means handlingย 
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
26:18
it and using different processes, so it can be used again.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:22
And the result is a lot of waste, includingย 
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ
26:25
waste that could be recycled but which isย 
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š” ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
26:27
just hidden. And as long as we donโ€™t see it,ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„
26:29
we donโ€™t think about it.
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๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:31
And he uses a good phraseย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š”
26:33
to describe this โ€“ out of sight, out of mind.ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”, ๋งˆ์Œ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:36
And thatโ€™s true, at least for me.ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ์–ด๋„ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:39
My rubbish and recycling is collected and I donโ€™t reallyย 
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๋‚ด ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ์™€ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ’ˆ ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํ›„์—
26:42
think about what happens to it after that. Is asย 
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ์ง€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
26:45
much of it recycled as I think, or is it just buried,ย 
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŒํผ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋‚˜์š” , ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ฌปํžˆ
26:48
burned or even sent to other countries?ย 
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๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํƒœ์›Œ์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ง€๋‚˜์š”?
26:51
Itโ€™s not in front of my house, so I donโ€™t reallyย 
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์ง‘ ์•ž์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ์„œ
26:53
think about it โ€“ out of sight, out of mind.
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๋ณ„๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์•ˆ ๋‚˜๋„ค์š”.
26:56
Letโ€™s listen again
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋“ค์–ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
26:58
Recycling is not the answer to waste from an efficientย 
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27:02
point of view because we are not able to get all the wasteย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„
27:08
separated properly and therefore treated in theย 
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฑ๊ทธ๋ผ์šด๋“œ์—์„œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ์€ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
27:11
background. The main objective of our model is to hide wasteย 
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋Š” ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:16
so we donโ€™t see as urban citizens,ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ ์‹œ๋ฏผ
27:19
or rural citizens, we donโ€™t see the waste, it is out ofย 
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์ด๋‚˜ ๋†์ดŒ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
27:23
sight and therefore out of mind. One possible solutionย 
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. ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…
27:27
to this problem is to develop what is called a circular economy.
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์€ ์†Œ์œ„ ์ˆœํ™˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:31
Hereโ€™s the presenter of Business Daily, Manuela Saragosa,ย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ Business Daily์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์ž ์ธ Manuela Saragosa๊ฐ€
27:34
explaining what that means.
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๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:36
The idea then at the core of a circular economic and businessย 
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์ˆœํ™˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ฐ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค
27:40
model is that a product, like say a washing machineย 
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๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด ๋Š” ์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ
27:43
or even a broom, can always be returned to the manufacturerย 
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๋‚˜ ๋น—์ž๋ฃจ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด์— ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜
27:47
to be reused or repaired before then sold on again. The pointย 
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ํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํŒ๋งคํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์š”์ 
27:51
is the manufacturer retains responsibility for theย 
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์€ ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง€๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ƒ์‚ฐ
27:54
lifecycle of the product it produces rather thanย 
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ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
27:57
the consumer assuming that responsibility when he or she buys it.
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์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:01
So it seems like a simple idea โ€“ though maybe very difficult to do.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์‹คํ–‰ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:05
Yes, the idea is that the company that makes a product,ย 
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์˜ˆ, ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ
28:08
the manufacturer, is responsible for the product, not theย 
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์ธ ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ œํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ
28:13
person who bought it, the consumer.
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:16
So, if the product breaks or reaches the end of itsย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ํŒŒ์† ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
28:19
useful life, its lifecycle, then the manufacturer has toย 
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์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ๋‹คํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ
28:22
take it back and fix, refurbish or have it recycled.
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์„ ํšŒ์ˆ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฆฌํผ๋น„์‹œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:26
I guess this would make manufacturers try to makeย 
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์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด
28:29
their products last longer!
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๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
28:30
It certainly would. Letโ€™s listen again.
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋“ค์–ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
28:34
The idea then at the core of a circular economic and businessย 
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์ˆœํ™˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ฐ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค
28:37
model is that a product, like say a washing machine or even aย 
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๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด ๋Š” ์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ๋‚˜
28:41
broom, can always be returned to the manufacturer to be reusedย 
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๋น—์ž๋ฃจ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด์— ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉ
28:45
or repaired before then sold on again. The point is theย 
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ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํŒ๋งคํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์š”์ ์€
28:48
manufacturer retainsย 
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์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•  ๋•Œ
28:50
responsibility for the lifecycle of the productย 
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์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง€๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
28:53
it produces rather than the consumer assumingย 
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28:56
that responsibility when he or she buys it.
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์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง„๋‹ค ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:59
Thatโ€™s just about allย 
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29:00
we have time for in this programme. Before we recycle the vocabulary โ€ฆ
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— โ€ฆ
29:03
Oh very good, Neil!
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์˜ค, ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์•„, Neil!
29:04
Before we - thank you, Sam - before we recycle the vocabulary,ย 
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์ƒ˜ . ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
29:09
we need to get the answer to todayโ€™s question.ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์–ป์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด
29:11
Which country recycles the highest percentage of itsย 
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์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š”
29:14
waste? Is it:ย 
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? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€:
29:15
A: Sweden B: Germanyย 
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A: ์Šค์›จ๋ด B: ๋…์ผ
29:18
C: New Zealand Sam, what did you say?
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C: ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ Sam, ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด?
29:20
I think itโ€™s Germany.
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๋…์ผ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
29:21
Well I would like to offer you congratulations becauseย 
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๋…์ผ์ด ์ •๋‹ต ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ถ•ํ•˜๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
29:26
Germany is the correct answer. Now letโ€™s go over the vocabulary.
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. ์ด์ œ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:30
Of course. To separate means to divide or splitย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก . ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:33
different things, for example,ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ
29:35
separate your plastic from your paper for recycling.
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์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ข…์ด์—์„œ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:38
Treating is the word for dealing with, for example,ย 
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์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
29:41
recycled waste.
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์žฌํ™œ์šฉ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:42
The phrase out of sight, out of mind, means ignoringย 
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out of sight , out of mind
29:46
something or a situation you canโ€™t see.
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๋Š” ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:49
A manufacturer is the person or company that makes somethingย 
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์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋˜๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ
29:53
and the consumer is the person who buys that thing.
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์ด๊ณ  ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:56
And the length of timeย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
29:57
you can expect a product to work for is known as its lifecycle.
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์ œํ’ˆ์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:01
Well the lifecycle of this programmeย 
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ์ฃผ๊ธฐ
30:03
is 6 minutes, and as we are there, or thereabouts,ย 
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๋Š” 6 ๋ถ„์ด๊ณ , ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—
30:06
itโ€™s time for us to head off. Thanks for your company andย 
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์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ๊ณง
30:09
hope you can join us again soon. Until then, there isย 
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€
30:11
plenty more to enjoy from BBC Learning English online,ย 
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BBC Learning English ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ
30:14
on social media and on our app. Bye for now.
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, ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๋ฐ ์•ฑ์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•.
30:17
Bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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