Mixed Verb Tenses in English: Conditionals and IF clauses

1,072,370 views ใƒป 2016-04-16

Adamโ€™s English Lessons


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
Hi again. Welcome to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam.
0
1140
3171
ใพใŸไผšใฃใŸใญใ€‚ www.engvid.com ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ขใƒ€ใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:04
Today's lesson is a little bit tricky. It's grammar,
1
4336
3560
ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
00:07
it's conditionals, but we're going to look at "Mixed Conditionals". Now, before
2
7921
5324
ๆกไปถๆ–‡ใงใ™ใŒ ใ€ใ€Œๆททๅˆๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ๆ™‚ๅˆถใจๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹
00:13
I get into the different types of ways that you can mix tenses and the conditionals, I
3
13270
5909
ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ
00:19
want to do a very quick review of the conditionals that most of you learn in your ESL classes
4
19179
6141
ใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบใŒ ESL ใฎๆŽˆๆฅญ
00:25
or your English... Other English classes, because these are the ones that are most commonly
5
25320
4919
ใ‚„่‹ฑ่ชžใงๅญฆใถๆกไปถๆ–‡ใซใคใ„ใฆ็ฐกๅ˜ใซๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™... ไป–ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆŽˆๆฅญใงใฏใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซๆ•™ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎ
00:30
taught, and everybody, all your teachers want you to memorize these structures.
6
30264
5379
ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎๆ•™ๅธซ ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใปใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™.
00:35
The problem is then you might see mixed conditionals in other places, and you get all confused. Okay?
7
35643
6915
ๅ•้กŒใฏใ€ไป–ใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใงๆททๅˆๆกไปถใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ™ในใฆใŒๆททไนฑใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’ๆ—ขใซใ‚ซใƒใƒผใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไป–ใฎengVidๆ•™ๅธซ
00:42
I'm not going to get too deep into these, because you can find other good lessons by
8
42583
4757
ใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ไป–ใฎ่‰ฏใ„ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซๆทฑใๅ…ฅใ‚Š่พผใ‚€ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
00:47
other engVid teachers who have already covered some of these on the site. I'm just going
9
47340
5730
.
00:53
to do a quick review, and then I'll get into... Deeper into the mixed conditionals.
10
53095
4479
็ฐกๅ˜ใซ ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆททๅˆๆกไปถๆ–‡ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:57
So here are the four main types of conditionals you learn:
11
57674
3931
ใ“ใ“ใงใฏไธปใซ 4 ็จฎ้กž ใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:01
"If I won the lottery, I'd buy a house."
12
61652
3156
ใ€Œๅฎใใ˜ใŒๅฝ“ใŸใฃใŸใ‚‰ ๅฎถใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
01:04
So this, just so we are clear, is "would", I've contracted it to "I'd".
13
64833
6024
ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ ใ€Œwouldใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€ŒI'dใ€ใซ็Ÿญ็ธฎใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:11
"If I won", I have simple past tense, plus "would" in the second clause, in the condition clause,
14
71021
8490
ใ€Œๅ‹ใฆใฐใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใช้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใซๅŠ ใˆ ใฆใ€็ฌฌ 2 ็ฏ€ใ€ๆกไปถ็ฏ€
01:19
in the result clause.
15
79750
1016
ใ€็ตๆžœ็ฏ€ใซใ€Œwouldใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:20
"If I had known she was coming, I'd have come too." Okay?
16
80791
4648
ใ€ŒๅฝผๅฅณใŒๆฅใ‚‹ใจ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ็งใ‚‚ๆฅใŸใฎใซใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:25
Here I have the past perfect, plus "would have" plus PP, past participle verb.
17
85464
7307
ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใซใ€Œwould haveใ€ใจ PPใ€้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:32
Now, these are both unreal,
18
92796
3844
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚้ž็พๅฎŸ็š„ใง
01:40
mean... Meaning that they are hypothetical, they are imaginary. This
19
100069
4160
ๆ„ๅœฐๆ‚ชใงใ™...ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไปฎ่ชฌ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆžถ็ฉบใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ
01:44
is about a future or present unreal situation. I didn't win the lottery, I'm not buying a
20
104229
5409
ใฏใ€ๆœชๆฅใพใŸใฏ็พๅœจใฎ้ž็พๅฎŸ็š„ใช็Šถๆณใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏๅฎใใ˜ใซๅฝ“้ธใ—ใŸใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ๅฎถใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
01:49
house; this is all just imagination. This is about the past. Now, the reason it is unreal
21
109663
5496
ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ๆƒณๅƒใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ้ž็พๅฎŸ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใฏ
01:55
is because I can't go and change the past. So, this didn't happen, and so this didn't
22
115159
6044
ใ€้ŽๅŽปใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™. ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ตทใ“ใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ›
02:01
happen. This is, again, imagination, but we're looking at the past. Okay?
23
121228
4535
ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ใพใŸๆƒณๅƒ ใงใ™ใŒใ€็งใŸใกใฏ้ŽๅŽปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:06
"If you boil water, it evaporates."
24
126208
3016
ใ€Œๆฐดใ‚’ๆฒธ้จฐใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ ใจ่’ธ็™บใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
02:09
If you notice here, I have simple present verb and
25
129357
3068
ใ“ใ“ใงๆฐ—ใŒไป˜ใใจใ€ ๅ˜็ด”็พๅœจๅ‹•่ฉžใจ
02:12
simple present verb. This is a real conditional. It means it's true.
26
132450
6054
ๅ˜็ด”็พๅœจๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎ ๆกไปถใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:18
Whenever you have a fact-okay?-a result is based on this condition and it's always true...
27
138529
6162
ไบ‹ๅฎŸใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ€็ตๆžœใฏ ใ“ใฎๆกไปถใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ๅธธใซ็œŸ
02:25
By the way, "evaporates" means
28
145194
1596
02:26
becomes steam, it goes away. Right? If you boil water, eventually you have no more water
29
146790
4550
ใงใ™. ๅณ๏ผŸ ๆฐดใ‚’ ๆฒธ้จฐใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซ้‹ใฎๆฐดใŒใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™
02:31
in the pot. So this is a real conditional, always true. Simple present, simple present.
30
151340
6850
ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใฎๆกไปถไป˜ใใงใ€ ๅธธใซ true ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใ•ใ‚„ใ‹ใชใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใ€ใ•ใ•ใ‚„ใ‹ใชใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใ€‚
02:38
Lastly: "If you study hard, you will pass the test." Simple present verb, "will", verb,
31
158425
8099
ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ฉฆ้จ“ใซๅˆๆ ผใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ใ€ ๅ˜็ด”ใช็พๅœจใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใ€Œๆ„ๅฟ—ใ€ใ€
02:46
like future. So, again, this is a real situation, because this is true. If you do this, this
32
166549
6041
ๆœชๆฅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎ็Šถๆณ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†
02:52
will happen as a result. So these are the ones that you mostly learn.
33
172590
5327
ใจใ€็ตๆžœใจใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒไธปใซๅญฆใถใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
02:58
If you have any questions, again, go to www.engvid.com, find the lessons about these that can explain
34
178027
6182
ใ”ไธๆ˜Žใช็‚นใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใ€่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚’ ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
03:04
it in more detail. But now we're going to see other situations, other sentences with
35
184209
6241
ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใจใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ€Œifใ€ๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ไป–ใฎ็Šถๆณใ€ไป–ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹
03:10
"if" conditionals that are not like these. Sometimes we can mix tenses, sometimes you
36
190450
6260
ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ๆททใœใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ
03:16
can... Sorry. Let me stop myself, here. Sometimes your teachers tell you: "Never put 'will'
37
196735
6997
ใงใใพใ™... ็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚„ใ‚ใ•ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œ'will' ใ‚’ 'if' ็ฏ€ใซไป˜ใ‘ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใซ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
03:23
with the 'if' clause." Well, what I'm going to show you is that sometimes, yeah, you can.
38
203757
5735
ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€็งใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ใˆใˆใ€ใงใใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:29
This is the problem with English: There's always exceptions to the rules. Today we're
39
209742
3708
ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ•้กŒ ใงใ™ใ€‚่ฆๅ‰‡ใซใฏๅธธใซไพ‹ๅค–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ
03:33
going to look at some of those exceptions. Okay? Let's see what happens.
40
213450
4090
ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไพ‹ๅค–ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใๆง˜ๅญใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:37
Okay. So now we're going to look at a few different types of mixtures, if you want to
41
217540
5020
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ€Œifใ€ๅฅใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎๆททๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ
03:42
call it that, with the "if" clauses. But before I start to show you these examples, I want
42
222560
5910
ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ— ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ
03:48
you to understand that these mixed conditionals are all about context. You can generally understand
43
228470
8320
ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆททๅˆๆกไปถใฏใ™ในใฆใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
03:56
what is going on, what the relationship between the two verbs are by looking at the context,
44
236790
6196
ไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€2 ใคใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏ ใ€ๆ–‡่„ˆใ‚’
04:03
looking at the time, looking at the place, looking at the situation that's going on,
45
243011
4879
่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€่ตทใ“ใฃ ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็Šถๆณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€
04:07
and should... It usually should be very clear, but in case you're wondering how to construct
46
247915
5485
ใใ—ใฆใ™ในใใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™. ้žๅธธใซๆ˜Ž็ขบใงใ™ ใŒ
04:13
these so you can use them yourselves, I'll show you with a few examples. Okay?
47
253400
5042
ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆง‹็ฏ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚Š ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใซๅ‚™ใˆใฆใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:18
These are in no particular order. They're just examples, and we're going to look at them individually.
48
258567
5539
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้ †ไธๅŒใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ไพ‹ใง ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ€‹ๅˆฅใซ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:24
"If you didn't study computers in high school, you might find this course difficult."
49
264222
5602
ใ€Œ้ซ˜ๆ กใงใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
04:30
So now you're thinking: "Okay, here I have a simple past. Okay? And here I have a future.
50
270004
7636
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ไปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ†่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใฏ ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใ“ใ“ใซๆœชๆฅใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใพใ‚
04:38
Well, that's a little bit confusing. Oh, how can you mix past and future?"
51
278446
3333
ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹.ใ‚ใ‚ ใ€ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ้ŽๅŽปใจๆœชๆฅใ‚’ๆททใœๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
04:42
But what you have to realize is that this is a past situation that if you didn't complete something, if
52
282186
7364
ใ‚‹?ใ€ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎ ็Šถๆณใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใฆ
04:49
you didn't study computers, when you... You're starting a new course today, and this course
53
289550
4970
ใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰... ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ไปŠๆ—ฅๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒผใ‚น
04:54
is going to be very difficult for you because you don't have the previous knowledge. So,
54
294520
5403
ใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไบˆๅ‚™็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใŒใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆ้žๅธธใซ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ
04:59
a past situation has a present result. Okay? So one of the things you also need to think
55
299948
6282
ใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎ็Šถๆณใซใฏ็พๅœจใฎ็ตๆžœใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆททๅˆๆกไปถใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่€ƒๆ…ฎใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎ 1 ใคใฏใ€ๆกไปถใจใใฎๆกไปถใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ไฝ•ใ‹
05:06
about mixed conditionals: A lot of it is a relationship between condition and result,
56
306230
5330
ใงใฏใชใ ใ€ๆกไปถใจ็ตๆžœใฎ้–ขไฟ‚
05:11
as opposed to a condition and something happening depending on that condition. Okay? So this
57
311560
7330
ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ
05:18
doesn't depend on this; this is a result of this. I'm not sure if that's exactly clear.
58
318890
6318
ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใซไพๅญ˜ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ“ใฎ็ตๆžœใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒๆญฃ็ขบใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:25
When you say: "If you study hard, you will pass the test."
59
325233
4772
ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่จ€ใ†ใจใ๏ผšใ€Œไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚Œใฐ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ฉฆ้จ“ใซๅˆๆ ผใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
05:30
You will pass the test...
60
330099
1292
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใซๅˆๆ ผใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†...
05:31
Your passing depends on what you did before. This doesn't depend on this. You can still
61
331416
5634
ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅˆๆ ผใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไปฅๅ‰ใซไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‹ใซใ‹ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ“ใ‚Œใซไพๅญ˜ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:37
do well, you can still find the course easy if you didn't study hard, but there's a possibility
62
337050
5130
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใพใ ใ†ใพใใ‚„ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ—ใ€ไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใ ใจ ๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ
05:42
that this situation will have this result. Okay? So, simple past with future. And I use
63
342180
7500
ใ€ใ“ใฎ็ŠถๆณใŒใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็ตๆžœใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใจๆœชๆฅใ€‚ ็งใฏ
05:49
"might", "might" generally talks about the future. I could use "will" as well with this.
64
349680
5587
ใ€Œใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซๆœชๆฅใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏใ€Œwillใ€ใ‚‚ไฝฟใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
05:55
So this is one example of a mixed conditional. And again, in context, you understand that
65
355292
6058
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆททๅˆๆกไปถใฎไธ€ไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใงใฏใ€ใใฎไบบใŒ่ƒŒๆ™ฏๆƒ…ๅ ฑใชใ—ใงใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ไปŠ้–‹ๅง‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆ
06:01
the person is starting this course now
66
361350
2170
ใ„ใ‚‹
06:03
without the background information, so it should be pretty clear.
67
363545
3305
ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆ˜Ž็ขบใชใฏใšใงใ™.
06:06
Let's look at the next example.
68
366967
1449
ๆฌกใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:08
"If you didn't want to buy that shirt, you shouldn't have (bought it)."
69
368549
4579
ใ€Œใใฎใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใŸใ ใชใ„ใชใ‚‰ใ€่ฒทใ†ในใใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€
06:13
Like, normally, we would end the sentence here, but just so you understand
70
373153
3715
้€šๅธธใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๆ–‡ใ‚’็ต‚ไบ†ใ— ใพใ™ใŒ
06:16
the complete idea. "If you didn't want to", past. When we're talking about a specific
71
376892
5888
ใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใชใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™. ใ€Œใ—ใŸใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ€ ้ŽๅŽปใ€‚ ็‰นๅฎšใฎ
06:22
situation, we're talking about the time that you bought this shirt, so it's a simple past
72
382780
4680
็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ“ใฎใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใŸๆ™‚ๆœŸใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
06:27
because it's a definite past time. And "shouldn't have", again, "you should not have bought it",
73
387460
7106
ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆ˜Ž็ขบใช้ŽๅŽปใฎๆ™‚้–“ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใงใ™. ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€ŒๆŒใคในใใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃ ใŸใ€ใ€ๅ†ใณใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฒทใ†ในใใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใ€
06:34
it's a present perfect about an indefinite time, which is a little bit of a weird mix
74
394591
5849
ใใ‚Œใฏ็„กๆœŸ้™ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ็พๅœจ ๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝข
06:40
because in... That's you talking about your experience. When we're using the present perfect,
75
400440
4940
ใงใ™. ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏ
06:45
we're talking about the experience, here, we're talking about a specific action happening
76
405380
3560
็ตŒ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ้ŽๅŽปใซ ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸ็‰นๅฎšใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑ
06:48
in the past. Why did you buy it? Maybe somebody talked you into it. Okay? You didn't really
77
408940
6310
ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใชใœใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฒทใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ฉฑใ—ใ‹ใ‘ใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ—
06:55
want to, but you did. But you shouldn't have bought it. Okay? That should have been the
78
415250
6680
ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใใ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใงใ‚‚่ฒทใ‚ใชใ ใฆ่‰ฏใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:01
experience that you had, but it wasn't. So, again, it's not necessarily a condition, here,
79
421930
4390
ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใŸใฏใšใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ๆกไปถใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€
07:06
it's just the relationship between two ideas. One doesn't depend on the other. Okay.
80
426345
8241
ๅ˜ใซ 2 ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใฎ้–“ใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€ๆ–นใฏไป–ๆ–นใซไพๅญ˜ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
07:14
Simple past, again, and "should not have", and again, in present perfect. Okay.
81
434891
7899
ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใ€ๅ†ใณใ€ใ€ŒๆŒใคในใใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใ€ ใใ—ใฆๅ†ใณใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
07:23
Let's go to the other one. "If you go, I'll go too."
82
443901
3604
ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๆ–นใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่กŒใใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใ‚‚่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
07:27
Now you're thinking: "Well, no, it's not a mixed. Right?" Because I have a simple present,
83
447630
3966
ไปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œใ„ใ‚„ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆททๅˆ็‰ฉใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸใ€ ็งใซใฏๅ˜็ด”ใช็พๅœจ
07:31
and I have the "will", future.
84
451621
1350
ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œๆ„ๅฟ—ใ€ใ€ๆœชๆฅใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:34
But what you have to understand is that here, this is being used as a future. Okay? We're
85
454163
7417
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ“ใง็†่งฃใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใฏใ€ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆœชๆฅใจใ—ใฆไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็งใŸใกใฏๆœชๆฅใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™
07:41
using the simple present tense to talk about the future.
86
461555
3070
ใŸใ‚ใซๅ˜็ด”ใช็พๅœจๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:44
"If you go to the party next week, I will go too."
87
464650
4440
ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆฅ้€ฑใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใชใ‚‰ ใ€็งใ‚‚่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
07:49
Okay? So, future, future. Okay? Now, another thing: real, real, real.
88
469239
5711
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆœชๆฅใ€ๆœชๆฅใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ ๅˆฅใฎใ“ใจ๏ผšใƒชใ‚ขใƒซใ€ใƒชใ‚ขใƒซใ€ใƒชใ‚ขใƒซใ€‚
07:54
None of these are imaginary. Okay? All of this is actual real situations; we're not
89
474950
5930
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใฉใ‚Œใ‚‚ๆžถ็ฉบใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆๅฎŸ้š›ใฎ็Šถๆณใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ
08:00
imagining anything. So, future with simple present and future with "will".
90
480880
6770
ไฝ•ใ‚‚ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ๅ˜็ด”ใช็พๅœจใฎๆœชๆฅใจใ€Œๆ„ๅฟ—ใ€ใฎๆœชๆฅใ€‚
08:07
Next: "If I had won the competition, I'd have a great job now."
91
487767
5454
ๆฌก๏ผšใ€Œใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒ็ซถไบ‰ใซๅ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ไปŠใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†.ใ€
08:13
So here we have, again, the present... Sorry, we have the past perfect.
92
493307
4313
ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ€็พๅœจใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™... ็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
08:18
Okay? And now, it should be: "I would have",
93
498638
3150
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆไปŠใ€ใใ‚Œ ใฏใ€ŒI would haveใ€ใซ
08:21
plus another verb, a past participle, a PP verb, right? But here I have only "would have".
94
501813
6547
ๅŠ ใˆใฆใ€ๅˆฅใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ€้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ€PPๅ‹•่ฉž ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€Œใ—ใŸใ„ใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:28
"I would have", this is the main verb. This is not the "would have done", not the "have"
95
508599
5141
ใ€ŒI would haveใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไธปใชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏใ€Œใ‚„ใฃใŸใฏใšใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นๅ…จไฝ“ใฎใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
08:33
of the whole mix. Right? This is its own verb. If you want, I'll give you another one:
96
513740
6653
ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€
08:42
"I'd land a great job now". "Land" means get. It's another way to say... When you get a job,
97
522128
6152
ใ€ŒไปŠใ™ใ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใซๅฐฑใใŸใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅˆฅใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ๅทฎใ—ไธŠใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒๅœŸๅœฐใ€ใจใฏใ€ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ใ™ใ‚Œใฐ... ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใจ
08:48
you land a good job. So why am I using the two mixes, here? "If I had won the competition",
98
528280
6430
ใ€่‰ฏใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใซๅฐฑใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใชใœใ“ใ“ใง 2 ใคใฎใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ—ๅคงไผšใซๅ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
08:54
so there was a competition in the past, I'm going to that situation. If I had won it...
99
534710
6167
ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€้ŽๅŽปใซๅคงไผšใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใฎใง ใ€ใใฎ็Šถๆณใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—ๅ‹ใฆใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰โ€ฆ
09:01
This is a past unreal, because I didn't win it, then now I would have this job.
100
541230
6295
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎ่ฉฑใงใ™ใ€‚ๅ‹ใฆใชใ‹ใฃ ใŸใฎใงใ€ไปŠใฏใ“ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:07
But because this didn't happen, this is no longer a real situation. Okay? I didn't win the competition,
101
547571
7773
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ตทใ“ใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚‚ใฏใ‚„ ็พๅฎŸใฎ็Šถๆณใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็งใฏ็ซถไบ‰ใซๅ‹ใฆใชใ‹ใฃใŸ
09:15
so now I don't have a great job now. Okay? So you've got past, and you have hypothetical,
102
555369
8031
ใฎใงใ€ไปŠใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€้ŽๅŽปใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไปฎ่ชฌใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
09:23
and you have present time. So all these things are mixed, but again, it's all about context.
103
563400
6223
็พๅœจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆ ใŒๆททๅœจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ™ในใฆใฏใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
09:29
What you have to understand: "If I had won, but I didn't, I would have, but I don't."
104
569693
6595
ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็†่งฃใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจ๏ผšใ€Œใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒๅ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใฎ ใซๅ‹ใฆใชใ‹ใฃใŸใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅ‹ใฃใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใŒๅ‹ใฆใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€
09:36
Okay? So this is the whole idea of mixing conditionals and getting the idea across,
105
576313
5762
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
09:42
without having a very set expression. It's all about the big idea, the relationship between
106
582100
5745
้žๅธธใซ่จญๅฎšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅผใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ›ใšใซใ€ๆกไปถใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ๅ…จไฝ“ใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ™ในใฆใ€ๅคงใใชใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ€
09:47
the two. Okay? We're going to look at a few more examples.
107
587820
3860
2ใคใฎ้–“ใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:51
Okay, now we have a few more. Some of these are very exceptional, means you're not going
108
591900
5590
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใจใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ ใฏ้žๅธธใซไพ‹ๅค–็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Š้ ป็นใซ่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
09:57
to hear them too often; they're specific situations. The first one, as an example.
109
597490
5201
ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎ ็Šถๆณใงใ™ใ€‚ ไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚
10:02
"If you will please follow me, I'll show you to your table."
110
602925
3076
ใ€Œใคใ„ใฆใใฆ ใใ‚Œใ‚Œใฐใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใซๆกˆๅ†…ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ€
10:06
Or: "If you would, please follow... If you would, follow me please, I'll show you to your table."
111
606026
5625
ใพใŸใฏ๏ผšใ€Œใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒญใƒผใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„...ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒญใƒผใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใซๆกˆๅ†…ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
10:11
This is not a conditional. This is just an expression, a very formal expression.
112
611862
3809
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆกไปถไป˜ใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๅ˜ใชใ‚‹่กจ็พใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€้žๅธธใซๅฝขๅผ็š„ใช่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚
10:15
You go to a restaurant, a very fancy restaurant.
113
615696
3164
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใ€ ใจใฆใ‚‚้ซ˜็ดšใชใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
10:18
The host checks your name on the reservations.
114
618860
2593
ใƒ›ใ‚นใƒˆใฏไบˆ็ด„ใงใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
10:21
"Very good. If you will please follow me, I'll show you to your table."
115
621836
3046
ใ€Œใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ใคใ„ ใฆๆฅใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใพใงใ”ๆกˆๅ†…ใ—ใพใ™ใ€
10:24
It's just a polite way to say: "Please follow me." Okay?
116
624907
3315
ใ€Œใคใ„ใฆใใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏไธๅฏงใช่จ€ใ„ๆ–น ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:28
And I'm using "if" plus "will", or "if" plus "would", and "will" in the second one. Okay?
117
628247
5073
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œifใ€ใจใ€Œwillใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œifใ€ใจ ใ€Œwouldใ€ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณใ€Œwillใ€ใ‚’ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:33
It's not a conditional. It means: "Please come this way." Okay. It's a very specific
118
633320
4990
ๆกไปถไป˜ใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œ ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใธใฉใ†ใžใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ้žๅธธใซ็‰นๆฎŠใช
10:38
situation. You're not going to use this too often.
119
638310
2800
็Šถๆณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’้ ป็นใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:41
"If it will help my case, I'll take the test."
120
641687
3594
ใ€Œใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใชใ‚‰ใ€ ็งใฏใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
10:45
Now, here, I have: "If" and "will", and then
121
645306
3589
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ€ŒIfใ€ ใจใ€Œwillใ€ใ€ใใ—ใฆ
10:48
"will" again. Now, you've always been told:
122
648920
2258
ใ€Œwillใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚
10:51
"No, don't do that." Right? Don't put "will"
123
651203
2177
ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ€Œifใ€็ฏ€ ใซใ€Œwillใ€ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:53
with the "if" clause, but again, this is not a conditional.
124
653380
3998
็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆกไปถๆ–‡ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:58
This is the result, this is what I will do to get this result. Okay?
125
658607
4527
ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ็ตๆžœใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€ใ“ใฎ็ตๆžœใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ็งใŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
11:03
This does not depend on this.
126
663134
2759
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ“ใ‚Œใซไพๅญ˜ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:06
For example: The police... Sorry. The police arrested me, and they said:
127
666263
5224
ไพ‹: ่ญฆๅฏŸ... ็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่ญฆๅฏŸใฏ็งใ‚’้€ฎๆ•ใ—ใ€
11:11
"We think you killed Mr. X and Mr. Y."
128
671487
3712
ใ€ŒXใ•ใ‚“ใจYใ•ใ‚“ใ‚’ๆฎบใ—ใŸใฎใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸ ใ€‚
11:15
I say: "No, I didn't do it."
129
675410
1443
็งใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
11:16
And they said: "Well, I think... We think you're lying."
130
676884
1821
ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่จ€ใฃใŸ๏ผšใ€Œใพใ‚ใ€็งใฏๆ€ใ†... ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
11:18
And my lawyer says: "Take the polygraph test."
131
678730
2314
ใใ—ใฆ็งใฎๅผ่ญทๅฃซใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ™๏ผš ใ€Œใƒใƒชใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ•ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ
11:21
You know, like the test they put on you, and
132
681069
1381
ใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ชฒใ—ใŸใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
11:22
if you're lying, the machine goes up and down like crazy.
133
682450
2522
ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ๆฉŸๆขฐ ใฏ็‹‚ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซไธŠไธ‹ใ—ใพใ™.
11:24
So I say: "Okay, you know what? If it will help my case, I will take the test."
134
684997
5193
ใใ‚Œใง็งใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใใ‚Œ ใŒ็งใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
11:30
If I can get this result, I will do this action.
135
690215
3155
ใ“ใฎ็ตๆžœใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚Œใฐใ€ ็งใฏใ“ใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ใจใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:33
Okay? So the relationship is not of... One of condition and not of dependency. Result
136
693621
5306
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้–ขไฟ‚ใฏ... ๆกไปถใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใงใฏใชใใ€ไพๅญ˜้–ขไฟ‚ใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ็ตๆžœ
11:38
and action. Okay? But:
137
698952
3235
ใจใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
11:42
"If it helps, I'll take the test."
138
702212
2500
ใ€Œใใ‚ŒใŒๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใชใ‚‰ใ€ ็งใฏใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
11:44
Here, we have the regular conditional.
139
704737
2375
ใ“ใ“ใซใ€ ้€šๅธธใฎๆกไปถใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:47
If it helps, this is what I will do. So if I want,
140
707163
4340
ใใ‚ŒใŒๅŠฉใ‘ใซใชใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆ
11:51
for this condition, I'll do this action. Okay?
141
711751
4309
ใ€ใ“ใฎๆกไปถใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
11:57
Now: "If I knew how to cook, I'd have made you dinner instead."
142
717683
3987
ไปŠ๏ผšใ€Œ็งใŒๆ–™็†ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ‚ใชใŸใซๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’ไฝœใฃใŸใฎใซ.ใ€
12:01
So last week, I took a girl out on a date, we went to a restaurant, the food was terrible.
143
721695
5452
ใใ‚Œใงๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ€็งใฏๅฅณใฎๅญใ‚’ใƒ‡ใƒผใƒˆใซ้€ฃใ‚Œใฆ ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€็งใŸใกใฏใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใฏใฒใฉใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ—ใŸ.
12:07
She thought, you know, maybe I'm not such a good guy, she doesn't want to date me again. And I say:
144
727172
3916
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€็งใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ„ใ„็”ทใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใจๅ†ใณใƒ‡ใƒผใƒˆใ—ใŸใใชใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใŸ. ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™๏ผš
12:11
"No, no, no. I'm a very good guy. I took you to a restaurant because I don't know how to cook.
145
731113
5129
ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€‚็งใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ–™็†ใฎไป•ๆ–นใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใซ้€ฃใ‚Œใฆ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
12:16
If I knew how to cook,"-unreal, imaginary-"I would have taken you to dinner last week instead."
146
736267
7809
ๆ–™็†ใฎไป•ๆ–นใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€-้ž็พๅฎŸ็š„ใ€ๆƒณๅƒ็š„-ใ€Œ็งใฏ ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅค•้ฃŸใซ้€ฃใ‚Œใฆ่กŒใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
12:24
Right? So, past. "I would have made", so past situation, "would have made",
147
744233
7473
ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€้ŽๅŽปใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏไฝœใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใง ใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎ็Šถๆณใ€ใ€Œไฝœใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€
12:31
but with an unreal condition,
148
751878
2401
ใŒใ€้ž็พๅฎŸ็š„ใช็Šถๆ…‹ใงใ€
12:34
with an unreal situation now. "If I knew how to cook". I don't know how to cook, but I
149
754279
4591
็พๅœจใฎ้ž็พๅฎŸ็š„ใช็Šถๆณใงใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ—ๆ–™็†ใฎไป•ๆ–นใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ใ€‚ ๆ–™็†ใฎไป•ๆ–นใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€้ŽๅŽปใซ
12:38
still want to tell you what I would have done in the past. Okay? So it's a little bit of
150
758870
4880
ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ‹ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ‚ใ’ใŸใ„ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Š
12:43
a mixed, simple past with "would have made".
151
763750
4816
ใ€ใ€ŒใงใใŸใฏใšใ ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ๆททใ–ใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
12:48
Last one: "If I weren't so busy, I would go with you."
152
768591
4617
ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ๏ผšใ€Œใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒๅฟ™ใ—ใใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใจไธ€็ท’ใซ่กŒใใฎใซใ€
12:53
If I weren't so busy, but I am
153
773233
2577
ใใ‚“ใชใซๅฟ™ใ—ใใชใ„ใฎใซใ€
12:55
very busy now, I would go with you. So because this is the situation: "If I weren't so busy,"
154
775810
6763
ไปŠใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใจไธ€็ท’ใซ่กŒใใฎใซใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใใ‚Œใปใฉๅฟ™ใ—ใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€
13:02
-it's real, I am busy-"I would go with you." Now it's a hypothetical. Now it's unreal because
155
782598
5202
- ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใ™ใ€็งใฏๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ - ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใจไธ€็ท’ใซ่กŒใใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใจใ„ใ†็Šถๆณใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠใฏไปฎ่ชฌใงใ™ใ€‚
13:07
I can't go with you. Why? Because I'm so busy.
156
787800
2570
็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใจไธ€็ท’ใซ่กŒใ‘ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ไปŠใฏ้ž็พๅฎŸ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใชใ‚“ใง๏ผŸ ็งใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ€‚
13:10
"If my parents weren't going away next weekend, I would have invited you yesterday." Okay?
157
790669
8545
ใ€Œไธก่ฆชใŒๆฅ้€ฑๆœซใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆ‹›ๅพ…ใ—ใŸใฎใซใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
13:19
So now, again, we're mixing. I'm still using the past, but I'm talking about the future,
158
799239
5121
ใ•ใฆใ€ใพใŸใƒŸใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒณใ‚ฐใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใพใ  ้ŽๅŽปใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆœชๆฅใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ
13:24
and I'm talking about what I would have done yesterday
159
804360
2921
ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚‚ใ—ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆฌกใฎ้€ฑๆœซใซๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅ็งใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
13:27
if this weren't true about next weekend. Okay?
160
807328
3512
ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
13:30
So, again, all you need to realize is that the verbs don't necessarily tell you what's
161
810840
5950
็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€็‰นใซๅ‰ฏ่ฉžๅฅใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๆ™‚้–“ใซ้–ขใ—ใฆไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใฏ้™ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
13:36
going on in terms of time, especially when you have adverb clauses.
162
816790
4225
ใ€‚
13:41
It's not only with this. It sometimes happens with other adverb clauses,
163
821101
4056
ใ“ใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไป–ใฎๅ‰ฏ่ฉž็ฏ€ใงใ‚‚ๆ™‚ใ€…่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™
13:45
but especially with "if" it's confusing,
164
825182
2364
ใŒใ€็‰นใซ "if" ใงใฏๆททไนฑใ‚’ๆ‹›ใ
13:47
again, because you're mostly being taught those first four that I showed you the...
165
827571
4489
13:52
At the beginning. Okay? You can mix them. This is a past verb, talking about the future.
166
832060
6170
ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆททใœใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ€ๆœชๆฅใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชžใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:58
Okay? The situation right now is that my parents are going away.
167
838378
4659
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ไปŠใฎ็Šถๆณใฏ ใ€็งใฎไธก่ฆชใŒไป–็•Œใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
14:03
But yesterday when I spoke to you, I didn't invite you because I know they're going.
168
843349
4939
ใงใ‚‚ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ‚ใชใŸใจ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใจใใ€็งใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆ‹›ๅพ…ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:08
But if they weren't going, I would have invited you yesterday. Okay?
169
848313
4437
ใงใ‚‚ใ‚‚ใ—ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆ‹›ๅพ…ใ—ใŸใฎใซใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
14:12
I know it's a little bit confusing, but you may want to watch the video a couple more times.
170
852775
5519
ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใซใใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ› ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใ‚ใจๆ•ฐๅ›žใ”่ฆงใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ www.engvid.com
14:18
Please ask me questions in the forum at www.engvid.com; I will be happy to answer
171
858319
4561
ใฎใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒฉใƒ ใง่ณชๅ•ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
14:22
all your questions. There is a quiz, go try it out, see how you do with that.
172
862880
5961
ใ™ในใฆใฎใ”่ณชๅ•ใซๅ–œใ‚“ใงใŠ็ญ”ใˆใ„ใŸใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใฎใงใ€่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:29
Of course, subscribe to my YouTube channel, and... If you like.
173
869247
3235
ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€็งใฎ YouTube ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’่ณผ่ชญใ—ใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:32
And come back again and we'll do this again. Thanks.
174
872695
2554
ใใ—ใฆใพใŸๆˆปใฃใฆใใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7