10 DIFFICULT ADJECTIVES | English Pronunciation Lesson

548,551 views ใƒป 2018-08-09

mmmEnglish


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:09
Well hello! I'm Emma from mmmEnglish!
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”! mmmEnglish์˜ ์— ๋งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
00:13
Now I have to admit that I'm a huge fan of adjectives.
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์ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ด๋ ฌํ•œ ํŒฌ์ž„์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
I mean, I probably overuse adjectives
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๋‚ด ๋ง์€, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€
00:21
if I'm being completely honest with you,
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๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ •์งํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
but they are such a beautiful part of any language.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์—
00:27
They allow you to go into detail, to add colour, flavour
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์ƒ‰์ƒ, ํ’๋ฏธ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์„ฑ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:32
and personality to all of your thoughts and your ideas.
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. ์ค‘๊ธ‰ ์˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์™€ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜
00:37
One of the most noticeable differences between
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด์  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
00:39
intermediate level English speakers and advanced ones
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00:43
is their use of adjectives.
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
Because yes, you can add meaning to your sentences
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์˜ˆ,
00:50
by using simple adjectives
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00:51
like 'happy' or 'sad' or 'nice' or 'bored'
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'ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๋‹ค', '์Šฌํ”„๋‹ค', '์ข‹๋‹ค', '์ง€๋ฃจํ•˜๋‹ค'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜
00:56
but life can be so much more
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ธ์ƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋”
00:59
spectacular than that, can't it?
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์žฅ๊ด€์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
01:01
Your English can be much more colourful than that,
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์˜์–ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋‹ค์ฑ„๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
01:05
right?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
01:09
Using a wider range of adjectives will help you to
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๋” ๋„“์€ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ
01:11
be more expressive, to show emotions and feelings
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๋” ํ‘œํ˜„๋ ฅ์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฐ์ •๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ํ‘œํ˜„
01:15
and to sound more interesting when you use English.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
So if you need to refresh your memory about
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
01:21
how to use adjectives in English sentences,
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์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ๋˜์‚ด๋ ค์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:24
then check out that lesson up there.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ ˆ์Šจ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
01:27
But right now, I've got ten adjectives for you
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ 10๊ฐœ์˜ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:30
and I've specifically chosen them
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01:32
because they're adjectives that English learners
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์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์ด
01:35
often mispronounce.
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์ข…์ข… ์ž˜๋ชป ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
They're all a little tricky.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊นŒ๋‹ค ๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋ฆฌ
01:39
There's a few silent letters, some strange vowel sounds,
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์—†๋Š” ๊ธ€์ž ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ, ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ, ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด์— ์žˆ๋Š”
01:44
different pronunciation of the same letter
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๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธ€์ž์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:47
in the same word.
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.
01:49
But don't worry!
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”!
01:50
By the end of this lesson, you're going to have
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด
01:54
all of these adjectives completely down!
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
01:56
You're going to be saying them much more confidently
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ž์‹  ์žˆ๊ฒŒ
01:59
and more often.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋” ์ž์ฃผ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
Let's start with...
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
02:05
Now if you haven't heard this word pronounced before,
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ด์ „์— ๋ฐœ์Œํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:09
it looks a little tricky.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์›Œ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
There's two C's and two S's.
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ C์™€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ S๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
Of course, you know that in English, a C can sometimes
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์˜์–ด์—์„œ C๋Š” ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ
02:19
be pronounced in the same way as an S.
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S์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
Many of my students,
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๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ด
02:25
they look at this word and take a guess and say
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๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ถ”์ธกํ•˜๊ณ 
02:28
"sussessful"
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"sussessful"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:30
which is a nice try, I can see why
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. ์ข‹์€ ์‹œ๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ
02:33
you would pronounce it that way but actually,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
02:36
each C in this word is pronounced differently
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ๊ฐ C๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋˜๋ฉฐ
02:40
and that's made clear
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02:41
when you look at the phonemic script.
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์Œ์†Œ ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
The first C is pronounced as a /k/ sound
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ C๋Š” ์ฒซ ์Œ์ ˆ ๋์—์„œ /k/ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋˜๊ณ 
02:49
at the end of the first syllable
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02:51
and the second C is pronounced as a
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ C๋Š”
02:55
/s/ sound at the start of the second syllable.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์Œ์ ˆ ์‹œ์ž‘์—์„œ /s/ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
Now the second syllable is the stressed
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์ด์ œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์Œ์ ˆ์€
03:06
syllable in this word and that's why you hear it
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์Œ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
03:09
pronounced more strongly
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03:12
while the first syllable is short and lower in pitch.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์Œ์ ˆ์€ ์งง๊ณ  ๋‚ฎ์€ ์Œ์กฐ์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
The final syllable is also unstressed.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์Œ์ ˆ๋„ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
Successful.
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์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ.
03:28
The pronunciation is the same
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๋ฐœ์Œ์€
03:29
throughout the word family. Success, successful,
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๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ์ „์ฒด์—์„œ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๊ณต, ์„ฑ๊ณต,
03:33
successfully.
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์„ฑ๊ณต์ .
03:36
And as frustrating as it is, that the same letter
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ™์€
03:39
is pronounced differently in the same word,
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๋‹จ์–ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธ€์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•œ ๋งŒํผ,
03:42
just accept it, practise it, remember it.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ , ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
03:46
Successful.
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์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ.
03:51
So 'successful' is used when someone achieves
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 'successful'์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:54
the result that they want.
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.
03:56
They're really happy and they're satisfied with the result.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
He's a successful businessman.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
We've had quite a successful year so far.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฝค ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ํ•œ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
Anxious. Are you anxious looking at this one?
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๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”. ์ด๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ๋ด๋„ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•˜์‹œ์ฃ ?
04:20
It's a little tricky!
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
04:22
There are three consonant sounds here together
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ์–ด
04:25
which makes it quite challenging.
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์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
In the first syllable, the stressed syllable,
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์ฒซ ์Œ์ ˆ์ธ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์Œ์ ˆ์—์„œ
04:30
the strong vowel sound A
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๊ฐ•๋ชจ์Œ A
04:33
is followed by the /ล‹/ consonant.
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๋’ค์— /ล‹/ ์ž์Œ์ด ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
And that consonant sound is usually made by the letters
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ž์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต
04:40
-ng like in 'song'.
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'song'์—์„œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ -ng๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธ€์ž๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
So my mouth is open slightly when I make this sound
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ๋•Œ ์ž…์ด ์‚ด์ง ์—ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
04:46
and the back of my tongue is right up at the soft palate
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ํ˜€์˜ ๋’ท๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ž…์ฒœ์žฅ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์œ„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:50
in the back of my mouth.
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.
04:59
For the second syllable, you'll hear the /k/
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์Œ์ ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” /k/
05:02
and the /สƒ/ consonant sounds.
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์™€ /สƒ/ ์ž์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
So you're pushing that air through your mouth
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ž…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐ€์–ด์„œ
05:10
to make the sound /kสƒ/
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/kสƒ/ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
Make sure you exaggerate this sound
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05:14
while you're practising.
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์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณผ์žฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
Pretend you're like a superhero fighting a monster.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ดด๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ์Šˆํผํžˆ์–ด๋กœ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
05:24
And the following vowel sound will be unstressed,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ฐ•์„ธ,
05:27
the weak schwa sound /ษ™/
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์•ฝํ•œ ์Šˆ์™€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ /ษ™/
05:36
Anxious.
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๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
So this adjective is usually used to describe a person
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ
05:46
and it's to do with their emotions or their feelings.
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๊ฐ์ •์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์ •๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
An anxious person is worried or nervous because
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๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
05:52
they think that something bad might happen.
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๋‚˜์œ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธด์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
I'm feeling really anxious about my interview tomorrow.
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๋‚ด์ผ ๋ฉด์ ‘์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฑฑ์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
My friend doesn't like flying so he's always
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๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋น„ํ–‰์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ
06:10
quite anxious when we go travelling.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ๋ฉด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค.
06:20
Valuable.
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๊ท€์ค‘ํ•œ.
06:21
Over the years as an English teacher,
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์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์˜์–ด ๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ
06:25
I've heard this word pronounced in several
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ 
06:27
different ways and all of the problems coming from
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
06:30
those two vowel letters in the middle.
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์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ชจ์Œ ๋ฌธ์ž์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
The first common mistake is assuming that there are
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ”ํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” 4๊ฐœ์˜ ์Œ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:36
four syllables but there's not, there's only three.
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.
06:40
And the first syllable 'val' is the stressed syllable
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฒซ ์Œ์ ˆ 'val'์€ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€
06:44
the strongest one.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์Œ์ ˆ์ด๋‹ค.
06:47
But the second syllable is quite tricky.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์Œ์ ˆ์€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
There's an extra consonant sound added,
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06:52
one that you can't see in the written word.
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์„œ๋ฉด ๋‹จ์–ด์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ž์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
Valuable.
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๊ท€์ค‘ํ•œ.
07:05
So this adjective is really handy to know
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋Š”
07:08
because it can be used in a few different ways.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•Œ์•„๋‘๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
Now you often hear this adjective used for things like
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์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋น„์‹ธ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณด์„์ด๋‚˜ ์ง‘ ๋˜๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ž์ฃผ ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:16
jewellery or houses or cars
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07:20
to tell that something is expensive
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07:24
or worth a lot of money.
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.
07:26
My grandmother gave me her sapphire brooch.
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ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํŒŒ์ด์–ด ๋ธŒ๋กœ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์…จ์–ด์š”.
07:29
I think it's quite valuable, though I'd never sell it.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํŒ”์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฝค ๊ท€์ค‘ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
It's quite valuable.
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๊ฝค ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
But this is also an excellent adjective to describe
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ž์งˆ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ
07:40
a person's qualities
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07:42
and often used in a professional context.
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์ด๋ฉฐ ์ข…์ข… ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
So 'valuable' can not necessarily be about money
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ '๊ฐ€์น˜ ์žˆ๋Š”'์€ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๋ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด
07:48
but about how important or useful someone is.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
James is a really valuable member of our team.
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James๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํŒ€์˜ ์ •๋ง ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
That's a valuable piece of advice. Thanks.
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๊ท€์ค‘ํ•œ ์กฐ์–ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ด์š”.
08:11
Exponential.
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๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธ‰์ˆ˜์ .
08:13
Now most of the pronunciation problems with this
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์ด์ œ ์ด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฐœ์Œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
08:16
adjective relate to syllable stress.
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์Œ์ ˆ ๊ฐ•์„ธ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
There are four syllables.
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๋„ค ๊ฐœ์˜ ์Œ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
The third is the strongest,
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜์ง€
08:27
though the first one is also stressed.
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๋งŒ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋„ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
The remaining two syllables are unstressed
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋‘ ์Œ์ ˆ์€ ๋ฌด๊ฐ•์„ธ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
08:33
so they reduce down, they become the schwa sound
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์ค„์ด๋ฉด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์งง๊ณ  ๋‚ฎ์€ ์Œ์กฐ์˜ ์Šˆ์™€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:37
which is always short and low in pitch.
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.
08:45
Can you hear how the two weaker syllables
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์•ฝํ•œ ์Œ์ ˆ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
08:49
fade into the background?
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๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ํฌ๋ฏธํ•ด์ง€๋Š”์ง€ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:51
Exponential.
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๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธ‰์ˆ˜์ .
08:58
This adjective is used when something is increasing
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์ด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€
09:02
or growing really quickly.
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ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
The company has experienced exponential growth
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์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธ‰์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:08
over the last two years.
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.
09:18
The renewable energy market is growing
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์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‹œ์žฅ์€ ๊ธฐํ•˜
09:21
at an exponential rate.
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๊ธ‰์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
Complex. Now in standard British English,
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ. ์ด์ œ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์˜๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š”
09:34
there's just one way to pronounce this word
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09:37
with the stress on the first syllable.
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์ฒซ ์Œ์ ˆ์— ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
Complex.
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ.
09:42
In American English, there is a difference between
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š”
09:45
the adjective 'complex'
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ 'complex'
09:47
and the noun 'complex'.
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์™€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ 'complex' ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
But the real pronunciation challenge here
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ง„์งœ ๋ฐœ์Œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋์—์„œ
09:54
is the cluster of consonants that are pronounced
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๋ฐœ์Œ๋˜๋Š” ์ž์Œ ๋ชจ์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:57
at the end.
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.
09:58
The letter X usually produces a sound that has
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๋ฌธ์ž X๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
10:02
two consonant sounds pushed together,
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10:05
/k/ and /s/
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/k/์™€ /s/๋ผ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž์Œ์ด ํ•ฉ์ณ์ง„ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ,
10:08
which is what makes this sound difficult.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
Two consonants together is tough.
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž์Œ์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
The sound is produced right at the back of the throat
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๋ชฉ๊ตฌ๋ฉ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋’ค์—์„œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์ž… ์•ž์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š”
10:20
while the sound is made with the tongue and the teeth
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ํ˜€์™€ ์น˜์•„๋กœ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:24
at the front of the mouth.
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.
10:26
So really, creating this sound successfully is about
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
10:31
switching between these two these sounds smoothly.
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์ด ๋‘ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
So this adjective is used to describe something
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”
10:54
that consists of many different and connected parts
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๋งŽ์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:58
that makes it quite difficult to understand or manage.
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.
11:03
It's a complex issue but we need to find a solution.
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
The relationship between the general manager
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์ด์ง€๋ฐฐ์ธ
11:13
and the marketing team is quite complex .
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๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ํŒ€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋ณต์žกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
They've never really seen eye-to-eye.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
Rural.
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์‹œ๊ณจ์˜. ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด์˜
11:26
The /r/ and the /l/
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/r/ ๋ฐ /l/
11:29
sounds in this word make it a real challenge
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ
11:33
but there's actually a little variation
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์ด์ง€๋งŒ
11:35
between English accents for this word
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์–ด ์•…์„ผํŠธ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:37
which is really common.
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.
11:39
Officially, the correct pronunciation is 'rural' with a /สŠษ™/
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๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์Œ์€ /สŠษ™/
11:45
vowel sound as the stressed syllable.
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๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์„ธ ์Œ์ ˆ์ธ 'rural'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
But I want to share a little tip with you because
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
11:51
in Australia, our pronunciation of this word is
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ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด
11:54
much more relaxed.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ํŒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
So if you're having trouble pronouncing this word,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
12:01
put on an Australian accent and say 'rural'.
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ํ˜ธ์ฃผ ์–ต์–‘์„ ๋ถ™์ด๊ณ  'rural'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
12:11
You can use this adjective to describe characteristics
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์ด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์‹œ๊ณจ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:15
of the countryside rather than the city.
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.
12:18
So usually it's
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ณดํ†ต
12:19
farming land or a small village in the country.
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๋†์ง€๋‚˜ ์‹œ๊ณจ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๋งˆ์„์ด๋‹ค.
12:24
So the opposite of rural is 'urban'
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹œ๊ณจ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋Š”
12:27
which is characteristic of cities and towns.
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๋„์‹œ์™€ ๋งˆ์„์˜ ํŠน์ง•์ธ '๋„์‹œ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:32
The government will help rural communities
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์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ํ™์ˆ˜ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…์€ ๋†์ดŒ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋„์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:35
affected by the floods.
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.
12:46
People are moving to rural areas
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
12:48
to live healthier lifestyles.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋†์ดŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
It's a bit of a tongue twister, isn't it?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜€ ํŠธ์œ„์Šคํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
12:55
Rural areas.
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์‹œ๊ณจ ์ง€์—ญ.
13:02
Specific.
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ํŠน์ •ํ•œ.
13:04
The stress is on the middle syllable here and there are
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์Œ์ ˆ์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
13:08
two things to pay attention to with this word.
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด์—์„œ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:11
One is the consonant cluster at the start of the word.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ž์Œ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:16
The consonant sounds
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์ž์Œ
13:17
/s/ and /p/ together.
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/s/์™€ /p/๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:22
So if you're having some trouble with this,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
13:24
we're going to go to the gym for a minute
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž ์‹œ ์ฒด์œก๊ด€์— ๊ฐ€์„œ
13:26
and do a little workout.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
Practising pronunciation is just like training at the gym.
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๋ฐœ์Œ ์—ฐ์Šต์€ ์ฒด์œก๊ด€์—์„œ ํ›ˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
We just need to train your muscles in your mouth to be
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์„ ๋” ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž…์•ˆ์˜ ๊ทผ์œก์„ ํ›ˆ๋ จํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:35
more comfortable doing something a little different.
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.
13:39
/s/ and /p/ are both unvoiced consonant sounds
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/s/์™€ /p/๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฌด์„ฑ ์ž์Œ
13:45
and the sound is made by pushing air
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์ด๋ฉฐ ์ž…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ€์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:47
through your mouth.
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.
13:49
So I want you to slowly bring these sounds together.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์„ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๋ชจ์•„๋ณด์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
Now are you ready for your workout?
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์ด์ œ ์šด๋™ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
14:00
Take a deep breath and move back and forth
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์‹ฌํ˜ธํก์„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
14:03
between these sounds really quickly, ready?
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์ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์•ž๋’ค๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ค€๋น„๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
14:13
If these consonant sounds are too difficult
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:15
for you to pronounce, you need to do this workout daily.
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๋งค์ผ ์ด ์šด๋™์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:20
Now the second challenge with this word is
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š”
14:23
the final consonant sound - the consonant at the end.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ž์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:27
Make sure that you finish this word
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋๋‚ด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์„ธ์š”
14:30
on the consonant sound.
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.
14:34
Don't get lazy and forget it. It's not 'specifi'
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๊ฒŒ์„๋Ÿฌ์„œ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. 'ํŠน์ •'์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
14:38
It's 'specific'.
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'ํŠน์ •'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:41
And you can use it to explain that something is really
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒ์„ธํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:45
exact or detailed.
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. ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• 
14:48
There are some general issues
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€
14:50
that I need to discuss with you
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14:52
but there's one specific issue that's quite urgent.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธด๊ธ‰ํ•œ ํŠน์ • ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ™๋ฐ• ์‹œ์„ค
15:04
If you have any specific questions about
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์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŠน์ • ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
15:07
the accommodation, then please ask Sarah.
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Sarah์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
15:18
Mischievous.
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์žฅ๋‚œ๊พธ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ.
15:20
There are a lot of vowel letters in this word
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด์—๋Š” ๋ชจ์Œ ๋ฌธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„์„œ
15:23
which makes it a little confusing to work out
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15:25
how to pronounce each syllable
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๊ฐ ์Œ์ ˆ์„ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•
15:28
and which one is stressed.
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๊ณผ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์Œ์ ˆ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:31
The first syllable is the strongest, the others relax.
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์ฒซ ์Œ์ ˆ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์Œ์ ˆ์€ ์ด์™„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:37
For some reason this word is one
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์–ด๋–ค ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
15:39
that native English speakers
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์˜์–ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋„
15:41
sometimes get wrong as well. You might hear people
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๊ฐ€๋” ์ž˜๋ชป ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
15:44
say 'mischievous' with four syllables
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4์Œ์ ˆ๋กœ '์žฅ๋‚œ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜
15:48
but that's incorrect. There are only three syllables here
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Š” ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์Œ์ ˆ์ด 3๊ฐœ๋ฟ์ด๊ณ 
15:52
and the stress is on the first syllable /หˆmษชs/
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๊ฐ•์„ธ๋Š” ์ฒซ ์Œ์ ˆ /หˆmษชs/์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:59
which means the second syllable reduces a little,
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์ฆ‰, ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์Œ์ ˆ์€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ค„๊ณ 
16:02
the vowel sound is short and fast.
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๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์งง๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:09
There's also two difficult consonant sounds here โ€˜chโ€™ and /v/
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— 'ch'์™€ /v/ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ž์Œ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:16
So with both of these consonant sounds,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๋‘ ์ž์Œ ๋ชจ๋‘
16:18
your lip position is really important
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์ž…์ˆ  ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ
16:22
so I want you to exaggerate the position of your mouth
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
16:25
while you're practising with me just to make sure
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์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ž… ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ณผ์žฅํ•ด์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:29
that you're pronouncing and your producing
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”
16:32
the correct sound.
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.
16:34
So for 'ch', see how my lips are really flared, exaggerated,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 'ch'์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‚ด ์ž…์ˆ ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ๊ณผ์žฅ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
16:42
and this sound is controlled by my tongue
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์ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
16:46
in a similar way to the /t/ sound.
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/t/ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ œ ํ˜€์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ œ์–ด๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:49
The tip of my tongue.
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๋‚ด ํ˜€๋.
16:51
But also my tongue is tense all the way
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‚ด ํ˜€๋Š”
16:55
along the sides here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธด์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:58
And they're pushed up against the inside of my top teeth
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด ์œ—๋‹ˆ ์•ˆ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ€๋ ค ์˜ฌ๋ผ์™€์„œ
17:03
so we move through tสƒษช/
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tสƒษช/์—์„œ
17:06
through the unstressed vowel sound to /v/
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๋ฌด๊ฐ•์„ธ ๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด /v/๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ
17:11
making sure that your top teeth
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์œ—๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€
17:14
are touching your lower lip.
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์•„๋žซ์ž…์ˆ ์— ๋‹ฟ๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:26
Mischievous.
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์žฅ๋‚œ๊พธ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ.
17:29
Now if you have cheeky children in your life, this
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์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์‚ถ์— ๊ฑด๋ฐฉ์ง„ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
17:33
could be the perfect adjective to describe them.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:37
So usually it's an adjective to describe children but it's
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
17:40
okay to describe adults with it sometimes or even pets.
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์„ฑ์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ์• ์™„ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:45
It describes someone who has fun by being silly
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ฆฌ์„๊ฒŒ ๊ตด๊ณ 
17:49
and creating a disruption but not in a negative way,
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ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋…ธ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋‚˜
17:53
not in a way that's
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17:54
really annoying or that really harms anyone.
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์ •๋ง ์„ฑ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ง ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:58
It's kind of a cute or funny attribute.
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๊ท€์—ฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์†์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:02
I was quite a mischievous child.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฝค ์žฅ๋‚œ๊พธ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ ์•„์ด์˜€๋‹ค.
18:12
There are a few mischievous children in the classroom.
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๊ต์‹ค์— ์žฅ๋‚œ๊พธ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ช‡ ๋ช… ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:23
Detrimental.
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ํ•ด๋กœ์šด.
18:25
Now, this is a wonderful, descriptive adjective
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
18:28
that means harmful or damaging in some way.
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์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋“  ์œ ํ•ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์†์ƒ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…์ ์ธ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:33
So looking at this word,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
18:34
it's the third syllable that is the strongest
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์Œ์ ˆ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ 
18:38
and just like 'exponential'
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'์ง€์ˆ˜'์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
18:41
the first syllable also has a secondary stress
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์Œ์ ˆ์—๋„ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ค‘
18:45
so we can hear that one clearly as well
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:48
which means that the other two reduce.
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์ฆ‰, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ์Œ์ ˆ์€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:54
Detrimental.
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ํ•ด๋กœ์šด.
18:57
But the second syllable is the most difficult here
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์Œ์ ˆ์€
19:00
because of the consonant cluster /trษช/
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19:05
with an unstressed vowel sound.
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๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž์Œ๊ตฐ /trษช/ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:09
So it's like the noun 'tree', but with a shorter,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ '๋‚˜๋ฌด'์™€ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ
19:13
weaker vowel sound.
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๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์งง๊ณ  ์•ฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:21
So as I said, the adjective 'detrimental' suggests that
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด '์œ ํ•ดํ•œ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋Š”
19:24
something is creating a negative effect.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•”์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:28
It's harmful or it's damaging in some way.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ด๋กญ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋“  ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:32
It had a detrimental effect on the company's growth.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ํ•ด๋กœ์šด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:39
The infection was detrimental to her recovery.
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๊ฐ์—ผ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต์— ํ•ด๋กœ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:43
It was detrimental.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ด ๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:51
Comfortable.
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ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ.
19:54
I've talked about this adjective before
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์ด์ „์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐœ์Œ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ์ด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ ์ ์ด
19:56
in another pronunciation lesson
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20:00
but it's so common and it's so often mispronounced
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํ”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์ฃผ ์ž˜๋ชป ๋ฐœ์Œ๋˜์–ด
20:04
that it had to be included in this lesson as well.
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:08
The correct pronunciation of this word uses only
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์Œ์€
20:12
three syllables which means that this vowel
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๋ชจ์Œ์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฌต์Œ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ ์Œ์ ˆ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:15
is completely silent.
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.
20:22
So notice that the first syllable is the stressed one
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์Œ์ ˆ์€ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์Œ์ ˆ
20:26
and the following syllables reduce down
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์ด๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ์Œ์ ˆ์€
20:29
to the schwa sound.
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์Šˆ์™€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ค„์–ด๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:34
Now you may hear native speakers using a tiny, tiny, tiny
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€
20:39
extra syllable and say 'comfortable' which is fine too,
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์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์Œ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 'ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:44
it's just a difference in accent or dialect.
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.
20:47
And you may think that it's easier to pronounce
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
20:50
this word with four syllables, particularly if it's difficult
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ํŠนํžˆ
20:54
for you to pronounce the /f/ and /t/
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/f/์™€ /t/
20:58
consonant sounds together.
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์ž์Œ โ€‹โ€‹์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ 4์Œ์ ˆ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์‰ฝ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:00
Of course people are going to understand you
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
21:02
whatever you say but please, please, please
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๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๋ฐœ, ์ œ๋ฐœ,
21:06
make sure that that syllable is super, super tiny.
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๊ทธ ์Œ์ ˆ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์•„์ฃผ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
21:17
So hear how short and quick those schwa sounds are?
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๊ทธ ์Šˆ์™€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์งง๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅธ์ง€ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
21:27
Like I said, 'comfortable' is the more
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด 'ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ๋”
21:30
common pronunciation
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ํ”ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด๋‹ˆ
21:31
so I recommend that you practise using that one.
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๊ทธ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธธ ๊ถŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:34
I'm not comfortable doing that.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํŽธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค.
21:44
Are you comfortable with the decision?
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๊ฒฐ์ •์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
21:54
Well that's it, ten tricky English adjectives
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์ž,
21:59
that English learners often mispronounce.
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์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์ด ์ž์ฃผ ์ž˜๋ชป ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๋Š” 10๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šด ์˜์–ด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:03
So I hope that this was a useful lesson for you.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฐ•์˜์˜€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:06
Remember that if you haven't subscribed yet
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์•„์ง mmm์˜์–ด ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ตฌ๋…
22:09
to the mmmEnglish Channel please do it.
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ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
22:12
You just need to hit that red button right down there.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:16
You can turn on the notifications
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22:18
so that I notify you when I've got a new lesson ready!
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์ƒˆ ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์ค€๋น„๋˜๋ฉด ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ์ผค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
22:23
But if you are ready right now
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๋กœ
22:25
to keep practising with another lesson,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ ˆ์Šจ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์† ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด
22:27
then check out these ones right here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ด ๋ ˆ์Šจ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
22:30
Thanks for watching today
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:33
and I'll see you for another English lesson next week.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์œผ๋กœ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:36
Bye for now!
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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