How to use the Passive Voice ๐Ÿ˜… English Grammar Lesson

3,212,406 views ใƒป 2018-05-23

mmmEnglish


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:07
Hello I'm Emma from mmmEnglish!
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€mmmEnglishใฎEmmaใงใ™๏ผ
00:12
This lesson is at the top of my request list.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏ็งใฎใƒชใ‚ฏใ‚จใ‚นใƒˆใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใฎไธ€็•ชไธŠใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:16
So many of you have been asking me for a lesson
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ๅคšใใฎๆ–นใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง
00:19
about the passive voice
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ใ€
00:21
so I'm glad that I finally got it ready for you.
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใ‚„ใๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆ่‰ฏใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚
00:25
Now, this can be a really confusing grammar
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ด›ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„ๆ–‡ๆณ•ๆง‹้€ ใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
00:29
structure in English.
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ใ€‚
00:30
Lots of my students ask
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ๅคšใใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒ
00:33
"What's the point of the passive voice?
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ใ€Œๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹
00:36
Is it really that important?"
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๏ผŸใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใพใ™ใ€‚
00:39
Yes!
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ใฏใ„๏ผ
00:41
Understanding the passive voice is important.
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ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
00:45
In this lesson, you'll learn
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€
00:47
what it looks like, why it's useful
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใชใœใใ‚ŒใŒๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใฎใ‹ใ‚’ๅญฆใณ
00:49
and you'll practise using it with me.
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ใ€็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:52
The passive voice is used often
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ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฏใ€
00:54
by native English speakers.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใจใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใŒใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:56
It's a mistake to think that it's only used
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ๆญฃๅผใชใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใงใฎใฟไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้–“้•ใ„
00:59
in formal speech.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:01
It's also used informally, quite a bit!
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้žๅ…ฌๅผใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‹ใชใ‚Šใฎ้‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:05
So stay with me through this entire lesson,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’้€šใ—ใฆ็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใฆใ€
01:08
keep focused
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01:10
it's not that long.
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ใใ‚Œใปใฉ้•ทใใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใซ้›†ไธญใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:11
Before we keep going, a quick little reminder to join
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ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใ‚€ๅ‰ใซใ€mmmEnglishๆ–‡ๆณ•ใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ใชใƒชใƒžใ‚คใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใงใ™
01:16
the mmmEnglish grammar challenge.
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ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…ใŒ็Šฏใ™
01:19
You'll get to practise the 10 most common grammar
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ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช10ใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใƒŸใ‚นใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’
01:23
mistakes that English learners make
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01:25
and learn how to avoid them with me.
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ใ—ใ€็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅ›ž้ฟใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:28
And if you join and complete the challenge by
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ใใ—ใฆ
01:31
by the end of May,
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ใ€5ๆœˆๆœซใพใงใซใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆๅฎŒไบ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹
01:33
you could win one of the many, many prizes
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ๅคšใใฎ่ณžใฎ1ใคใ‚’็ฒๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
01:35
that we've got going on.
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ใ€‚
01:37
So why should you use the passive voice?
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ใงใฏใ€ใชใœๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
01:41
Well there are times when you don't want to say who
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่ชฐใŒใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใŸใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
01:46
or what did the action.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:49
Maybe you're trying to avoid responsibility
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹่ฒฌไปปใ‚’ๅ›ž้ฟใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ
01:53
for something you did
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01:54
or you don't want to get your mate into trouble
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€ไปฒ้–“ใ‚’ๅ›ฐใ‚‰
01:57
or maybe you don't know who did the action or
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ใ›ใŸใใชใ„ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€่ชฐใŒ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’่ตทใ“ใ—ใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:02
or because actually the object is the most important
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆ
02:06
or the most interesting part of the sentence.
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ใพใŸใฏๆœ€ใ‚‚่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ–‡ใฎใ€‚
02:10
So that's the thing that the action is happening to
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
02:13
not the thing that is doing the action.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใฏใชใใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:17
You can use the passive to change
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ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ
02:20
the focus of your sentence.
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ใ€ๆ–‡ใฎ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:22
So let's go back a moment.
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ใงใฏใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆˆปใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:25
To understand the passive voice,
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ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใฏใ€
02:27
I should really first explain the active voice
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ใพใš่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆ
02:31
but you already know it,
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ™ใงใซใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
02:33
it looks like like this.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:36
The children ate the cake.
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ๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฏใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:39
Subject, verb, object.
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ไธป่ชžใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€็›ฎ็š„่ชžใ€‚
02:42
Now most English sentences
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็พๅœจใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ–‡็ซ 
02:44
are more complicated than this but we'll start simply.
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ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚่ค‡้›‘ใงใ™ใŒใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใซๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:48
The subject does the action to the object.
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ใ‚ตใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฏใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:53
The children ate the cake.
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ๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฏใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:57
Now, imagine that you left for work in the morning
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœไป•ไบ‹ใซ
03:00
and there was a whole cake on the kitchen table.
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ๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใ€ๅฐๆ‰€ใฎใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใซใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใŒไธธใ”ใจใ‚ใฃใŸใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:03
But by the time you got home,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฎถใซๅธฐใ‚‹ใพใงใซใ€
03:05
it had completely disappeared.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใซๆถˆใˆใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:09
You don't know who ate it,
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่ชฐใŒ้ฃŸใน
03:11
I mean, you could probably guess, but you don't know.
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ใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใคใพใ‚ŠๆŽจๆธฌใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:15
Where is this cake?
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใฏใฉใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:18
The cake was eaten
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ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใซ้ฃŸใน
03:21
by somebody.
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ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:23
So the solution is to use the passive voice
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่งฃๆฑบ็ญ–ใฏใ€
03:26
because we don't know who ate the cake.
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่ชฐใŒใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:30
Now, sometimes we're just more interested
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ใ•ใฆ
03:34
in the object of the sentence rather than the subject.
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ใ€ไธป่ชžใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๆ–‡ใฎ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:38
English speakers frequently use the passive voice.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ไบบใฏๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’้ ป็นใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:44
But this lesson isn't about English speakers,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ไบบใซใคใ„ใฆใงใฏใชใ
03:47
it's about the passive voice.
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ใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™ใ€‚
03:50
It's the most important thing.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:52
So we can change it to say the passive voice
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹
03:56
is frequently used by English speakers.
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ใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ไบบใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ้ ป็นใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:00
Now you'll often read passive sentences in newspapers
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ไปŠใงใฏ
04:05
when the journalist can't say who did something.
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ใ€ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใƒŠใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใŒ่ชฐใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใใซใ€ๆ–ฐ่žใงๅ—ๅ‹•็š„ใชๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:08
Maybe because they don't know who did it.
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่ชฐใŒใ‚„ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:11
It's also used in scientific reports and legal documents
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04:16
because the information has to be objective
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ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใฏๅฎข่ฆณ็š„ใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰
04:19
so often there is no subject.
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ใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ไธป้กŒใŒใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€็ง‘ๅญฆใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚„ๆณ•ๅพ‹ๆ–‡ๆ›ธใงใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
04:22
Now some other really common passive expressions
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ไปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ™ใงใซ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไป–ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆœฌๅฝ“ใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ—ๅ‹•็š„่กจ็พ
04:26
that you already know.
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ใ€‚
04:29
Be born.
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็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
04:31
We don't say "My mother bore me on June 23rd 1989."
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ใ€Œ1989ๅนด6ๆœˆ23ๆ—ฅใซๆฏใŒ็งใ‚’็”ฃใ‚“ใ ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:38
I was born on June 23rd 1989.
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็งใฏ1989ๅนด6ๆœˆ23ๆ—ฅใซ็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:43
When your friend tells you about his new colleague,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบใŒๅฝผใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅŒๅƒšใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€
04:45
he won't say "People call him Tony"
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ๅฝผใฏใ€Œไบบใ€…ใฏๅฝผใ‚’ใƒˆใƒ‹ใƒผใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ‚ใšใ€
04:49
he'll say "He's called Tony" or "He's named Tony"
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใƒˆใƒ‹ใƒผใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅฝผใฏใƒˆใƒ‹ใƒผใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:55
'The Stand' was written by Stephen King.
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ–ใƒณใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใ€‚
04:58
The movie Deadpool was directed by Tim Miller.
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ๆ˜ ็”ปใƒ‡ใƒƒใƒ‰ใƒ—ใƒผใƒซใฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ ใƒŸใƒฉใƒผใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็›ฃ็ฃใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:04
The national anthem was sung by Fergie.
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ๅ›ฝๆญŒใฏใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใ‚ฎใƒผใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๆญŒใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:08
In all of these really common examples,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆœฌๅฝ“ใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชไพ‹ใฎใ™ในใฆ
05:11
you can see the structure of the passive voice.
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ใงใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:15
The be verb followed by the past participle.
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beๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅพŒใซ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใŒ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:20
I thought we only use the past participle verb
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้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใ—ใ‹ไฝฟใ‚ใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„
05:23
in the perfect tenses?
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ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
05:26
Yeah we do use it in the perfect tenses
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ใˆใˆใ€็งใŸใกใฏๅฎŒ็’งใชๆ™‚ๅˆถใจๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
05:29
and in the passive voice.
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ใ€‚
05:31
If you see the be verb followed by
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beๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅพŒ
05:34
the past participle form,
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ใซ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžๅฝขใŒ็ถšใ
05:36
you know that this is a passive sentence.
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ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:39
So let's go back to the first example to explain the form
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎไพ‹ใซๆˆปใฃใฆใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ๆ–‡ใฎๅฝขๅผใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
05:44
of a passive sentence.
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ใ€‚
05:46
If our active sentence is "The children ate the cake"
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็งใŸใกใฎ่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใŒใ€Œๅญไพ›ใŸใกใŒใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆ
05:51
the passive sentence is
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ใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฏ
05:53
"The cake was eaten by the children"
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ใ€Œใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใฏๅญไพ›ใŸใกใซ้ฃŸในใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:57
The object of the active sentence becomes the subject
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่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใฏ
06:01
in the passive sentence.
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ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎไธป่ชžใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:03
To make the object of the active sentence
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่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹
06:06
become the subject,
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ใฎๅฏพ่ฑกใ‚’ไธป่ชž
06:07
we actually need to change a few things in our sentence
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ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซๆ–‡ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆ
06:11
So are you ready to learn how to do that?
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅญฆใถๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:14
Here's our active sentence,
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใฎ
06:17
to make a passive sentence,
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่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹
06:19
we need to use the passive tense
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ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹
06:23
and there are six steps to turn an active sentence
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ใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€6ใคใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
06:26
into a passive sentence.
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ใ€‚
06:28
Now you might want to take a notepad out
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใƒกใƒขๅธณใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ—
06:31
so that you can write them down as we go.
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ใฆใ€ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใฆใŠใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:34
Step one, identify the subject, the verb and the object
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—1ใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๆ–‡ใฎไธป่ชžใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€็›ฎ็š„่ชžใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ—ใพใ™
06:40
of the active sentence.
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ใ€‚
06:43
Step two, move the object to become the new subject
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—2ใ€ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’็งปๅ‹•ใ—ใฆ
06:48
of our sentence.
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ใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ไธป่ชžใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:50
Step three, check the active sentence.
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—3ใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๆ–‡ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:54
What is the verb tense in the active sentence?
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่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:58
This is really important because the passive voice
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ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฏ
07:00
exists across different tenses
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ™‚ๅˆถใซใพใŸใŒใฃใฆๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹
07:03
so you must check what tense the active sentence is in
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใŒใฉใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
07:07
to make your passive sentence correct.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:11
It's in the past simple, "The children ate the cake".
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ๆ˜”ใฏใ€Œๅญไพ›ใŸใกใŒใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜็ด”ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:17
Good!
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่‰ฏใ„๏ผ
07:18
Step four, conjugate the verb be
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—4ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžbe
07:22
so that it's in the same tense
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ใ‚’ๆดป็”จใ—ใฆใ€่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใจๅŒใ˜ๆ™‚ๅˆถใซใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—
07:23
as the main verb in the active sentence.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:26
We need to change our be verb
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beๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใซๅค‰ๆ›ด
07:28
verb to the past simple
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07:30
so it becomes was or were
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07:32
depending on the new subject
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ใ—ใฆใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ไธป่ชžใซไพๅญ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒ
07:34
and our new subject is the cake
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ไธป่ชžใฏใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใช
07:38
so we can choose was, "The cake was".
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ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใฏใ€ใ‚’้ธๆŠžใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:43
Step five,
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—5ใ€
07:44
add the past participle of the main verb after be.
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beใฎๅพŒใซไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:50
So looking back at the active sentence,
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่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ๆŒฏใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ‚‹ใจ
07:52
the main verb is eat,
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ใ€ไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ
07:54
though it's in past simple form
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้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงใ™ใŒใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝข
07:57
but can you think of the past participle of eat?
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ใงใ™ใŒใ€้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๆตฎใ‹ในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:03
Eaten, right?
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้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
08:05
Now the last step, step six,
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—6ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๆ–‡
08:08
you need to decide what to do with the subject
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ใฎไธป่ชžใ‚’ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆฑบใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒ
08:11
of your active sentence.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:14
The children.
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ๅญใฉใ‚‚ใŸใกใ€‚
08:15
In the passive voice, you don't have to include
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ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹
08:19
the thing that is doing the action.
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ใงใฏใ€่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใฎๅ‰ใฎไธป้กŒใ‚’ๆ–‡ใ‹ใ‚‰
08:21
You can completely remove
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ๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅ‰Š้™คใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
08:23
that former subject from your sentence
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08:26
and that's helpful if you don't know who ate the cake
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่ชฐใŒใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€
08:29
or you don't want to say who it was
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ใพใŸใฏ่ชฐใŒใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใŸใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใพใŸใฏๆฐ—ใซใ—ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™
08:31
or you don't care - maybe it's not important.
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ใ€‚ใŠใใ‚‰ใใใ‚Œใฏ้‡่ฆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:35
But you can add it to the end of your sentence
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€byใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใงใใพใ™
08:37
with the word by.
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ใ€‚
08:40
The cake was eaten by the children.
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ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใฏๅญไพ›ใŸใกใซ้ฃŸในใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:44
Let's look at some more examples together.
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:48
The house was built in 1893.
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ๅฎถใฏ1893ๅนดใซๅปบใฆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ
08:52
The car will be sold by the weekend.
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ใ€‚่ปŠใฏ้€ฑๆœซใพใงใซ่ฒฉๅฃฒใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
08:56
The washing had been left out in the rain.
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้›จใฎไธญใงๆด—ๆฟฏ็‰ฉใฏๅ–ใ‚Šๆฎ‹ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚
09:00
Many people's lives were saved.
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ๅคšใใฎไบบใฎๅ‘ฝใŒๆ•‘ใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:04
Can you see the passive form here?
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ใ“ใ“ใซๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:07
The be verb is always there but it tells us the tense.
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beๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๅธธใซใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
09:12
It helps to describe when something happened
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ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ„ใค่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใ€ใพใŸใใ‚Œใฏ
09:16
and it also conjugates with the subject.
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ไธป้กŒใจๅ…ฑๅฝนใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:20
People's lives were saved.
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ไบบใ€…ใฎๅ‘ฝใฏๆ•‘ใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:23
The house was built.
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ๅฎถใŒๅปบใฆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:27
And the be verb is always followed
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ใใ—ใฆใ€beๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅพŒใซใฏๅธธใซ
09:29
by the past participle.
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้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใŒ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:31
We can also explain who or what did the action
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ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€่ชฐใŒใ€ใพใŸใฏไฝ•ใŒใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใ
09:35
by adding by.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:38
The house was built by her grandfather.
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ใใฎๅฎถใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎ็ฅ–็ˆถใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅปบใฆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:42
This car will be sold by the salesman.
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ใ“ใฎ่ปŠใฏใ‚ปใƒผใƒซใ‚นใƒžใƒณใŒ่ฒฉๅฃฒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:46
The washing had been left out in the rain
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้›จใฎไธญใงๅคซใŒๆด—ๆฟฏ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆจใฆใฆใ„ใŸ
09:50
by her husband.
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ใ€‚
09:52
Many people's lives were saved by the volunteers.
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ๅคšใใฎไบบใ€…ใฎๅ‘ฝใฏใƒœใƒฉใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๆ•‘ใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:58
Okay let's try a new sentence together.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไธ€็ท’ใซๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:01
I want you to do this one with me please.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:04
Can you remember the six steps?
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6ใคใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:08
Someone has stolen my neighbour's car.
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒ็งใฎ้šฃไบบใฎ่ปŠใ‚’็›—ใ‚“ใ ใ€‚
10:11
This is an active sentence.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:15
Now can you remember step number one?
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ไปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—ใƒŠใƒณใƒใƒผใƒฏใƒณใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:18
It's easy! Identify the subject, verb and object.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™๏ผ ไธป่ชžใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€็›ฎ็š„่ชžใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:24
Step two, make the object the subject.
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—2ใ€ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ใ‚ตใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:31
Step three,
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—3ใ€ๅ…ƒใฎ
10:33
tell me what tense is used
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่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
10:35
in the original active sentence.
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ใ€‚
10:41
The present perfect tense.
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ€‚
10:45
Step four, you need to conjugate the be verb
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—4ใ€ๅŒใ˜ๆ™‚ๅˆถใซใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซbeๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
10:48
so that it's in the same tense.
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ใ€‚
10:53
The neighbor's car has been.
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้šฃไบบใฎ่ปŠใฏใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:58
We're using has because the subject is now the car.
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ๅฏพ่ฑกใŒ่ปŠใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:04
Step five, add the main verb in past participle form.
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—5ใ€้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžๅฝขใงไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:11
The neighbor's car has been stolen.
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้šฃไบบใฎ่ปŠใŒ็›—ใพใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:14
It's the same verb as the original sentence,
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้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใฃใŸๅ…ƒใฎๆ–‡ใจๅŒใ˜ๅ‹•่ฉž
11:17
which was also the past participle.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:21
Step six, decide
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—6ใ€
11:23
do you need to include the thing that did the action?
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ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ๆฑบๅฎšใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:27
Is it really that important?
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:30
Maybe not
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11:32
because we don't really know anything about who did it,
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่ชฐใŒใ‚„ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
11:34
it's just someone.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏใŸใ ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ้šฃไบบใฎ่ปŠใŒ็›—ใพ
11:38
I'd probably just leave it as
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ใ‚ŒใŸใฎใงใ€ใŸใถใ‚“ใใฎใพใพใซใ—ใฆใŠใ
11:40
my neighbor's car has been stolen.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:43
But if we knew a little bit more about who or what did it,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ชฐใŒใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€
11:46
we could definitely include it.
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้–“้•ใ„ใชใใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
11:49
My neighbor's car has been stolen by someone.
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้šฃไบบใฎ่ปŠใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใซ็›—ใพใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:53
My neighbor's car has been stolen by a monkey.
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้šฃไบบใฎ่ปŠใŒ็Œฟใซ็›—ใพใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
12:00
So the passive form always includes the be verb
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใซใฏๅธธใซ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฎbeๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅซใพใ‚Œ
12:02
with the past participle
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12:06
and if you need to include any information about
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12:09
what or who did the action use by.
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ใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎไฝฟ็”จ่€…ใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€่ชฐใŒไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏๅซใพใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
12:12
Okay, I've got
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฏ
12:14
three more examples for you to practise with.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใ•ใ‚‰ใซ3ใคใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:18
We made lots of money in 2002.
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็งใŸใกใฏ2002ๅนดใซใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็จผใŽใพใ—ใŸใ€‚2002ๅนดใซใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็จผใŽใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
12:29
Lots of money was made by us in 2002.
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12:37
I will clean the house on Monday.
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ๆœˆๆ›œๆ—ฅใซๅฎถใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:46
The house will be cleaned by me on Monday.
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ๅฎถใฏๆœˆๆ›œๆ—ฅใซ็งใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๆŽƒ้™คใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
12:54
He built the house for his parents.
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ๅฝผใฏไธก่ฆชใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅฎถใ‚’ๅปบใฆใŸใ€‚
13:05
The house was built by him for his parents.
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ใใฎๅฎถใฏๅฝผใŒไธก่ฆชใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅปบใฆใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
13:10
Okay now that's enough for this lesson
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ“ใ‚Œใงๅๅˆ†ใงใ™
13:14
but there is actually a lot more to practise
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ใŒ
13:17
about the passive voice
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ใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ
13:19
like how to use the negative forms and questions,
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ใ€ๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใ‚„่ณชๅ•
13:24
how to use modal verbs in the passive voice,
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ใฎไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงใฎๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใ€
13:28
how to include adverbs of manner
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ๆ–นๆณ•ใฎๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใฆ
13:30
to explain how something is done.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใชใฉใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใ€‚
13:34
But there is enough information right there
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—
13:36
for a whole new lesson so I'll get to that.
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ใ€ใพใฃใŸใๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่กŒใ†ใŸใ‚ใฎๅๅˆ†ใชๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎไธ‹
13:40
Practise your passive sentences in the comments
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ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’
13:43
under this video and make sure that you
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13:45
subscribe to the mmmEnglish Channel
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ใ—ใ€ใพใ ่ณผ่ชญใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€mmmEnglishใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซ่ณผ่ชญใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
13:47
if you haven't already.
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ใ€‚
13:49
Just click that red button down there.
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ใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹่ตคใ„ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:51
Then I can let you know when I've got
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ใใฎๅพŒ
13:53
a new lesson ready for you.
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ใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ mmmEnglishๆ–‡ๆณ•ใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธ
13:55
Don't forget to sign up to the
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ใซใ‚ตใ‚คใƒณใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
13:57
mmmEnglish grammar challenge,
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ใ€
13:59
you can do that right here.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ“ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ 2018ๅนด5ๆœˆๆœซใพใงใซ
14:02
Sign up and complete the challenge
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ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒณใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ—ใฆใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใ‚’ๅฎŒไบ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
14:04
before the end of May 2018
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14:06
and you could win!
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ๅ‹ใคใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™๏ผ
14:08
There are t-shirts to give away,
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ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹Tใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„
14:10
there are mmmEnglish courses
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€mmmEnglishใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใŒ
14:13
and five chances
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ใ‚ใ‚Š
14:14
to meet me on Skype for conversation practice.
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ใ€ไผš่ฉฑใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใฎใŸใ‚ใซSkypeใง็งใซไผšใ†5ใคใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:18
So come and join and improve your grammar with me.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซๆฅใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:21
That's it from me today, I'll see you next week
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ“ใ‚Œใง
14:24
for another mmmEnglish lesson. Bye for now!
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ใŠใ—ใพใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ๆฅ้€ฑใพใŸmmmEnglishใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใพใŸใญ๏ผ
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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