How to use the Passive Voice πŸ˜… English Grammar Lesson

3,249,303 views ・ 2018-05-23

mmmEnglish


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:07
Hello I'm Emma from mmmEnglish!
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš” mmmEnglish의 μ— λ§ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€!
00:12
This lesson is at the top of my request list.
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이 μˆ˜μ—…μ€ λ‚΄ μš”μ²­ λͺ©λ‘μ˜ 맨 μœ„μ— μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:16
So many of you have been asking me for a lesson
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λ§Žμ€ 뢄듀이 μ €μ—κ²Œ μˆ˜λ™νƒœμ— λŒ€ν•œ λ ˆμŠ¨μ„ μš”μ²­ν•˜μ…¨λŠ”λ°
00:19
about the passive voice
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00:21
so I'm glad that I finally got it ready for you.
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λ“œλ””μ–΄ μ€€λΉ„ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ–΄ κΈ°μ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
Now, this can be a really confusing grammar
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자, 이것은 μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œ 정말 ν˜Όλž€μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ 문법 ꡬ쑰가 될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:29
structure in English.
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.
00:30
Lots of my students ask
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λ§Žμ€ 학생듀이
00:33
"What's the point of the passive voice?
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"μˆ˜λ™νƒœμ˜ μš”μ μ΄ 뭐야?
00:36
Is it really that important?"
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그게 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ μ€‘μš”ν•΄?"라고 λ¬»μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:39
Yes!
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예!
00:41
Understanding the passive voice is important.
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μˆ˜λ™νƒœλ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:45
In this lesson, you'll learn
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이 λ ˆμŠ¨μ—μ„œλŠ”
00:47
what it looks like, why it's useful
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μƒκ²ΌλŠ”μ§€, μ™œ μœ μš©ν•œμ§€ 배우고
00:49
and you'll practise using it with me.
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저와 ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” μ—°μŠ΅μ„ ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:52
The passive voice is used often
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μˆ˜λ™νƒœλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ 원어민이 자주 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:54
by native English speakers.
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. 격식 μžˆλŠ” 말
00:56
It's a mistake to think that it's only used
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μ—λ§Œ 쓰인닀고 μƒκ°ν•˜λ©΄ μ˜€μ‚°μ΄λ‹€
00:59
in formal speech.
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.
01:01
It's also used informally, quite a bit!
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λΉ„κ³΅μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œλ„ κ½€ 많이 μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€!
01:05
So stay with me through this entire lesson,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ 이 μˆ˜μ—… λ‚΄λ‚΄ 저와 ν•¨κ»˜ μžˆμ–΄ μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
01:08
keep focused
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01:10
it's not that long.
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 길지 μ•ŠμœΌλ‹ˆ 계속 μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
01:11
Before we keep going, a quick little reminder to join
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계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•˜κΈ° 전에 mmm
01:16
the mmmEnglish grammar challenge.
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μ˜μ–΄ 문법 μ±Œλ¦°μ§€μ— μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜λΌλŠ” κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ μ•Œλ¦Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 저와 ν•¨κ»˜ μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μžλ“€μ΄ 저지λ₯΄λŠ”
01:19
You'll get to practise the 10 most common grammar
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κ°€μž₯ ν”ν•œ 문법 μ‹€μˆ˜ 10가지λ₯Ό μ—°μŠ΅
01:23
mistakes that English learners make
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01:25
and learn how to avoid them with me.
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ν•˜κ³  이λ₯Ό ν”Όν•˜λŠ” 방법을 배우게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
And if you join and complete the challenge by
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그리고
01:31
by the end of May,
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5μ›” λ§κΉŒμ§€ μ±Œλ¦°μ§€μ— μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜κ³  μ™„λ£Œν•˜λ©΄ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§„ν–‰ν•˜λŠ”
01:33
you could win one of the many, many prizes
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μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μƒν’ˆ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό 받을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:35
that we've got going on.
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.
01:37
So why should you use the passive voice?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ™œ μˆ˜λ™νƒœλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
01:41
Well there are times when you don't want to say who
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λˆ„κ°€ λ˜λŠ” 무엇을 ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ λ§ν•˜κ³  싢지 μ•Šμ„ λ•Œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:46
or what did the action.
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.
01:49
Maybe you're trying to avoid responsibility
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ 당신은
01:53
for something you did
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당신이 ν•œ 일에 λŒ€ν•œ μ±…μž„μ„ νšŒν”Όν•˜λ €κ³  ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
01:54
or you don't want to get your mate into trouble
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배우자λ₯Ό 곀경에 빠뜨리고 싢지 μ•Šκ±°λ‚˜
01:57
or maybe you don't know who did the action or
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λˆ„κ°€ κ·Έ 행동을 ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ λͺ¨λ₯΄
02:02
or because actually the object is the most important
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κ±°λ‚˜ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ κ·Έ λŒ€μƒμ΄ κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”
02:06
or the most interesting part of the sentence.
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ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ κ°€μž₯ ν₯미둜운 뢀뢄이기 λ•Œλ¬ΈμΌ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ¬Έμž₯의.
02:10
So that's the thing that the action is happening to
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 그것은 행동을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 것이
02:13
not the thing that is doing the action.
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μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 행동이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
You can use the passive to change
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μˆ˜λ™νƒœλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬
02:20
the focus of your sentence.
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λ¬Έμž₯의 μ΄ˆμ μ„ λ³€κ²½ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
So let's go back a moment.
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그럼 μž μ‹œ λŒμ•„κ°€ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
02:25
To understand the passive voice,
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μˆ˜λ™νƒœλ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ €λ©΄
02:27
I should really first explain the active voice
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λŠ₯λ™νƒœλ₯Ό λ¨Όμ € μ„€λͺ…ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”λ°
02:31
but you already know it,
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이미 μ•Œκ³  κ³„μ‹œκ² μ§€λ§Œ
02:33
it looks like like this.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μƒκ²ΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
The children ate the cake.
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아이듀은 케이크λ₯Ό λ¨Ήμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:39
Subject, verb, object.
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μ£Όμ–΄, 동사, λͺ©μ μ–΄.
02:42
Now most English sentences
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이제 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ˜μ–΄ λ¬Έμž₯은
02:44
are more complicated than this but we'll start simply.
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이것보닀 더 λ³΅μž‘ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ°„λ‹¨ν•˜κ²Œ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
The subject does the action to the object.
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μ£Όμ²΄λŠ” 객체에 λŒ€ν•΄ μž‘μ—…μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
The children ate the cake.
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아이듀은 케이크λ₯Ό λ¨Ήμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
Now, imagine that you left for work in the morning
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이제 당신이 아침에 μΌν•˜λŸ¬ 갔을 λ•Œ
03:00
and there was a whole cake on the kitchen table.
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λΆ€μ—Œ 식탁에 케이크가 ν†΅μ§Έλ‘œ 놓여 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€κ³  상상해 λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
03:03
But by the time you got home,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 집에 λ„μ°©ν–ˆμ„ λ•ŒλŠ”
03:05
it had completely disappeared.
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μ™„μ „νžˆ μ‚¬λΌμ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
You don't know who ate it,
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당신은 그것을 λˆ„κ°€ λ¨Ήμ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
I mean, you could probably guess, but you don't know.
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λ‚΄ 말은, μ•„λ§ˆ μ§μž‘ν•  수 μžˆκ² μ§€λ§Œ, 당신은 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
Where is this cake?
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이 μΌ€μ΄ν¬λŠ” 어디에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ? λˆ„κ΅°κ°€κ°€
03:18
The cake was eaten
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케이크λ₯Ό λ¨Ήμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:21
by somebody.
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03:23
So the solution is to use the passive voice
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 해결책은 μˆ˜λ™νƒœλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
because we don't know who ate the cake.
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λˆ„κ°€ 케이크λ₯Ό λ¨Ήμ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ λͺ¨λ₯΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
Now, sometimes we're just more interested
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자, λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
03:34
in the object of the sentence rather than the subject.
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μ£Όμ–΄λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” λ¬Έμž₯의 λͺ©μ μ–΄μ— 더 관심이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
English speakers frequently use the passive voice.
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μ˜μ–΄ μ‚¬μš©μžλŠ” μˆ˜λ™νƒœλ₯Ό 자주 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
But this lesson isn't about English speakers,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 μˆ˜μ—…μ€ μ˜μ–΄ μ‚¬μš©μžμ— κ΄€ν•œ 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
03:47
it's about the passive voice.
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μˆ˜λ™νƒœμ— κ΄€ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
It's the most important thing.
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κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
So we can change it to say the passive voice
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그것을 μˆ˜λ™νƒœκ°€
03:56
is frequently used by English speakers.
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μ˜μ–΄ ν™”μžκ°€ 자주 μ‚¬μš©ν•œλ‹€κ³  말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
Now you'll often read passive sentences in newspapers
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이제
04:05
when the journalist can't say who did something.
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언둠인이 λˆ„κ°€ 무엇을 ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ 말할 수 없을 λ•Œ μ‹ λ¬Έμ—μ„œ μˆ˜λ™νƒœ λ¬Έμž₯을 자주 읽을 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
Maybe because they don't know who did it.
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λˆ„κ°€ κ·Έλž¬λŠ”μ§€ λͺ¨λ₯΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬ΈμΌ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:11
It's also used in scientific reports and legal documents
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λ˜ν•œ 정보가 객관적이어야 ν•˜λ―€λ‘œ μ£Όμ œκ°€ μ—†λŠ” κ²½μš°κ°€ 많기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— κ³Όν•™ λ³΄κ³ μ„œ 및 법λ₯  λ¬Έμ„œμ—λ„ μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:16
because the information has to be objective
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04:19
so often there is no subject.
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04:22
Now some other really common passive expressions
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이제 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 이미 μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ” 정말 일반적인 μˆ˜λ™ ν‘œν˜„μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:26
that you already know.
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.
04:29
Be born.
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νƒœμ–΄λ‚˜λ‹€.
04:31
We don't say "My mother bore me on June 23rd 1989."
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” "λ‚΄ μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆκ°€ 1989λ…„ 6μ›” 23일에 λ‚˜λ₯Ό λ‚³μ•˜λ‹€"라고 λ§ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
I was born on June 23rd 1989.
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μ €λŠ” 1989λ…„ 6μ›” 23일에 νƒœμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:43
When your friend tells you about his new colleague,
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μΉœκ΅¬κ°€ μƒˆ λ™λ£Œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œ
04:45
he won't say "People call him Tony"
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"μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ κ·Έλ₯Ό ν† λ‹ˆλΌκ³  λΆ€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€"라고 λ§ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ 
04:49
he'll say "He's called Tony" or "He's named Tony"
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"κ·ΈλŠ” ν† λ‹ˆλΌκ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€" λ˜λŠ” "그의 이름은 ν† λ‹ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€"라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:55
'The Stand' was written by Stephen King.
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μŠ€ν‹°λΈ ν‚Ή.
04:58
The movie Deadpool was directed by Tim Miller.
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μ˜ν™” λ°λ“œν’€μ€ νŒ€ λ°€λŸ¬κ°€ 감독을 λ§‘μ•˜λ‹€.
05:04
The national anthem was sung by Fergie.
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μ• κ΅­κ°€λŠ” Fergieκ°€ λΆˆλ €μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:08
In all of these really common examples,
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이 λͺ¨λ“  일반적인 μ˜ˆμ—μ„œ
05:11
you can see the structure of the passive voice.
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μˆ˜λ™νƒœμ˜ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:15
The be verb followed by the past participle.
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be 동사 뒀에 κ³Όκ±° 뢄사가 μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:20
I thought we only use the past participle verb
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κ³Όκ±° 뢄사 λ™μ‚¬λŠ” μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ—λ§Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 쀄 μ•Œμ•˜λŠ”λ°
05:23
in the perfect tenses?
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?
05:26
Yeah we do use it in the perfect tenses
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예, μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ™€ μˆ˜λ™νƒœλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:29
and in the passive voice.
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.
05:31
If you see the be verb followed by
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be 동사 뒀에
05:34
the past participle form,
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κ³Όκ±° 뢄사 ν˜•νƒœκ°€ μ˜€λŠ” 것을 보면
05:36
you know that this is a passive sentence.
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이것이 μˆ˜λ™νƒœ λ¬Έμž₯μ΄λΌλŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:39
So let's go back to the first example to explain the form
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그럼 μˆ˜λ™νƒœ λ¬Έμž₯의 ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 첫 번째 예문으둜 λŒμ•„κ°€ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€
05:44
of a passive sentence.
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.
05:46
If our active sentence is "The children ate the cake"
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λŠ₯λ™νƒœ λ¬Έμž₯이 "The children ate the cake"라면
05:51
the passive sentence is
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μˆ˜λ™νƒœ λ¬Έμž₯은
05:53
"The cake was eaten by the children"
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"The cake was eat by the children"μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:57
The object of the active sentence becomes the subject
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λŠ₯λ™νƒœμ˜ λͺ©μ μ–΄λŠ”
06:01
in the passive sentence.
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μˆ˜λ™νƒœμ˜ μ£Όμ–΄κ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:03
To make the object of the active sentence
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λŠ₯λ™νƒœ λ¬Έμž₯의 λͺ©μ μ–΄λ₯Ό μ£Όμ–΄λ‘œ λ§Œλ“€λ €λ©΄
06:06
become the subject,
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06:07
we actually need to change a few things in our sentence
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ λͺ‡ 가지λ₯Ό λ³€κ²½ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:11
So are you ready to learn how to do that?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ 배울 μ€€λΉ„κ°€ λ˜μ…¨λ‚˜μš”?
06:14
Here's our active sentence,
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μ—¬κΈ° λŠ₯λ™νƒœ λ¬Έμž₯이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:17
to make a passive sentence,
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μˆ˜λ™νƒœ λ¬Έμž₯을 λ§Œλ“€λ €λ©΄
06:19
we need to use the passive tense
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μˆ˜λ™ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό
06:23
and there are six steps to turn an active sentence
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ν•˜κ³  λŠ₯λ™νƒœ λ¬Έμž₯을 μˆ˜λ™νƒœ λ¬Έμž₯으둜 λ°”κΎΈλŠ” 6단계가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:26
into a passive sentence.
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.
06:28
Now you might want to take a notepad out
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이제 λ©”λͺ¨μž₯을 κΊΌλ‚΄μ„œ λ©”λͺ¨ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:31
so that you can write them down as we go.
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.
06:34
Step one, identify the subject, the verb and the object
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1단계, ν™œμ„± λ¬Έμž₯의 μ£Όμ–΄, 동사 및 λͺ©μ μ–΄λ₯Ό μ‹λ³„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:40
of the active sentence.
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.
06:43
Step two, move the object to become the new subject
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2단계, 개체λ₯Ό μ΄λ™ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμž₯의 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ£Όμ–΄κ°€ λ˜λ„λ‘ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:48
of our sentence.
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.
06:50
Step three, check the active sentence.
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3단계, ν™œμ„± λ¬Έμž₯을 ν™•μΈν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:54
What is the verb tense in the active sentence?
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ν™œμ„± λ¬Έμž₯의 동사 μ‹œμ œλŠ” λ¬΄μ—‡μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
06:58
This is really important because the passive voice
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이것은 μˆ˜λ™νƒœκ°€
07:00
exists across different tenses
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μ—¬λŸ¬ μ‹œμ œμ— 걸쳐 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:03
so you must check what tense the active sentence is in
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μˆ˜λ™νƒœ λ¬Έμž₯을 μˆ˜μ •ν•˜λ €λ©΄ λŠ₯λ™νƒœ λ¬Έμž₯이 μ–΄λ–€ μ‹œμ œμΈμ§€ 확인해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:07
to make your passive sentence correct.
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.
07:11
It's in the past simple, "The children ate the cake".
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κ³Όκ±°μ—λŠ” "아이듀이 케이크λ₯Ό λ¨Ήμ—ˆλ‹€"둜 κ°„λ‹¨ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:17
Good!
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쒋은!
07:18
Step four, conjugate the verb be
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4단계,
07:22
so that it's in the same tense
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07:23
as the main verb in the active sentence.
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ν™œμ„± λ¬Έμž₯의 본동사와 같은 μ‹œμ œλ‘œ be 동사λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:26
We need to change our be verb
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be
07:28
verb to the past simple
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동사λ₯Ό λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μœΌλ‘œ λ°”κΏ”μ„œ
07:30
so it becomes was or were
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07:32
depending on the new subject
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 주어에 따라 was λ˜λŠ” wereκ°€ λ˜λ„λ‘ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:34
and our new subject is the cake
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ£Όμ–΄λŠ” μΌ€μ΄ν¬μ΄λ―€λ‘œ
07:38
so we can choose was, "The cake was".
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"The cake was"λ₯Ό 선택할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:43
Step five,
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5단계,
07:44
add the past participle of the main verb after be.
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be 뒀에 λ³Έλ™μ‚¬μ˜ 과거뢄사λ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:50
So looking back at the active sentence,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λŠ₯λ™νƒœλ₯Ό 돌이켜보면
07:52
the main verb is eat,
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μ£Όλ™μ‚¬λŠ” λ¨Ήλ‹€,
07:54
though it's in past simple form
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λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°ν˜•
07:57
but can you think of the past participle of eat?
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μ΄μ§€λ§Œ λ¨Ήλ‹€μ˜ 과거뢄사가 μƒκ°λ‚˜μ‹œλ‚˜μš”?
08:03
Eaten, right?
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λ¨Ήμ—ˆμ§€?
08:05
Now the last step, step six,
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이제 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 단계인 6λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œλŠ” λŠ₯λ™νƒœ λ¬Έμž₯의
08:08
you need to decide what to do with the subject
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μ£Όμ–΄λ‘œ 무엇을 할지 κ²°μ •ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:11
of your active sentence.
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.
08:14
The children.
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아이듀.
08:15
In the passive voice, you don't have to include
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μˆ˜λ™νƒœμ—μ„œλŠ” λ™μž‘μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” 것을 포함할 ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:19
the thing that is doing the action.
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. λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ 이전 주제λ₯Ό
08:21
You can completely remove
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μ™„μ „νžˆ μ œκ±°ν•  수
08:23
that former subject from your sentence
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08:26
and that's helpful if you don't know who ate the cake
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있으며 케이크λ₯Ό λˆ„κ°€ λ¨Ήμ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ λͺ¨λ₯΄κ±°λ‚˜
08:29
or you don't want to say who it was
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케이크λ₯Ό 먹은 μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ λˆ„κ΅¬μΈμ§€ λ§ν•˜κ³  싢지 μ•Šκ±°λ‚˜
08:31
or you don't care - maybe it's not important.
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μƒκ΄€ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 경우 도움이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:35
But you can add it to the end of your sentence
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ byλΌλŠ” 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμž₯ 끝에 μΆ”κ°€ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:37
with the word by.
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.
08:40
The cake was eaten by the children.
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μΌ€μ΄ν¬λŠ” 아이듀이 λ¨Ήμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:44
Let's look at some more examples together.
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λͺ‡ 가지 더 λ§Žμ€ 예λ₯Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:48
The house was built in 1893.
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κ·Έ 집은 1893년에 μ§€μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:52
The car will be sold by the weekend.
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κ·Έ μ°¨λŠ” μ£Όλ§κΉŒμ§€ νŒ”λ¦΄ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:56
The washing had been left out in the rain.
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λΉ¨λž˜λŠ” 빗속에 λ°©μΉ˜λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€.
09:00
Many people's lives were saved.
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 생λͺ…을 κ΅¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:04
Can you see the passive form here?
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ μˆ˜λ™νƒœλ₯Ό λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
09:07
The be verb is always there but it tells us the tense.
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be λ™μ‚¬λŠ” 항상 거기에 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ•Œλ €μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:12
It helps to describe when something happened
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μ–΄λ–€ 일이 일어났을 λ•Œλ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 데 도움이 되며
09:16
and it also conjugates with the subject.
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μ£Όμ œμ™€λ„ κ²°ν•©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:20
People's lives were saved.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 생λͺ…이 κ΅¬ν•΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:23
The house was built.
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집이 μ§€μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:27
And the be verb is always followed
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그리고 be 동사 λ’€μ—λŠ” 항상
09:29
by the past participle.
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κ³Όκ±° 뢄사가 μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. byλ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν•˜μ—¬
09:31
We can also explain who or what did the action
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λˆ„κ°€ λ˜λŠ” 무엇을 ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ μ„€λͺ…ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:35
by adding by.
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.
09:38
The house was built by her grandfather.
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κ·Έ 집은 할아버지가 μ§€μ—ˆλ‹€.
09:42
This car will be sold by the salesman.
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이 μ°¨λŠ” μ„ΈμΌμ¦ˆλ§¨μ΄ νŒλ§€ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλ…€μ˜ λ‚¨νŽΈμ΄
09:46
The washing had been left out in the rain
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빗속에 빨래λ₯Ό λ‚΄λ²„λ €λ‘μ—ˆλ‹€
09:50
by her husband.
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.
09:52
Many people's lives were saved by the volunteers.
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 생λͺ…이 μžμ› λ΄‰μ‚¬μžλ“€μ— μ˜ν•΄ κ΅¬ν•΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:58
Okay let's try a new sentence together.
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μ’‹μ•„, ν•¨κ»˜ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λ¬Έμž₯을 μ‹œλ„ν•΄ 보자.
10:01
I want you to do this one with me please.
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저와 ν•¨κ»˜ 이 일을 ν•˜μ‹œκΈΈ λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:04
Can you remember the six steps?
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μ—¬μ„― 단계λ₯Ό κΈ°μ–΅ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
10:08
Someone has stolen my neighbour's car.
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λˆ„κ΅°κ°€ λ‚΄ μ΄μ›ƒμ˜ μ°¨λ₯Ό ν›”μ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:11
This is an active sentence.
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λŠ₯λ™νƒœ λ¬Έμž₯μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:15
Now can you remember step number one?
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이제 첫 번째 단계λ₯Ό κΈ°μ–΅ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
10:18
It's easy! Identify the subject, verb and object.
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그것은 κ°„λ‹¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€! μ£Όμ–΄, 동사, λͺ©μ μ–΄λ₯Ό μ‹λ³„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:24
Step two, make the object the subject.
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2단계, 객체λ₯Ό 주제둜 λ§Œλ“œμ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
10:31
Step three,
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3단계, μ›λž˜ λŠ₯λ™νƒœ λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ
10:33
tell me what tense is used
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μ–΄λ–€ μ‹œμ œκ°€ μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ λ§ν•΄μ£Όμ„Έμš”
10:35
in the original active sentence.
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.
10:41
The present perfect tense.
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œ.
10:45
Step four, you need to conjugate the be verb
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4단계, 같은 μ‹œμ œλ‘œ be 동사λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:48
so that it's in the same tense.
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.
10:53
The neighbor's car has been.
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μ΄μ›ƒμ˜ μ°¨κ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:58
We're using has because the subject is now the car.
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μ£Όμ œκ°€ 이제 μžλ™μ°¨μ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μš°λ¦¬λŠ” hasλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:04
Step five, add the main verb in past participle form.
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5단계, 과거뢄사 ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ 본동사λ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:11
The neighbor's car has been stolen.
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μ΄μ›ƒμ˜ μ°¨κ°€ λ„λ‚œλ‹Ήν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ³Όκ±° 뢄사이기도 ν•œ
11:14
It's the same verb as the original sentence,
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μ›λž˜ λ¬Έμž₯κ³Ό 같은 λ™μ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
11:17
which was also the past participle.
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.
11:21
Step six, decide
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6단계,
11:23
do you need to include the thing that did the action?
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μž‘μ—…μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•œ ν•­λͺ©μ„ 포함해야 ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ κ²°μ •ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:27
Is it really that important?
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정말 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
11:30
Maybe not
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11:32
because we don't really know anything about who did it,
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λˆ„κ°€ 그런 짓을 ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ μ „ν˜€ λͺ¨λ₯΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
11:34
it's just someone.
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κ·Έλƒ₯ λˆ„κ΅°κ°€μΌ λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:38
I'd probably just leave it as
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11:40
my neighbor's car has been stolen.
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μ΄μ›ƒμ˜ μ°¨λ₯Ό λ„λ‚œλ‹Ήν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— κ·Έλƒ₯ λ†”λ‘˜ 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:43
But if we knew a little bit more about who or what did it,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λˆ„κ°€ λ˜λŠ” 무엇을 ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 쑰금 더 μ•Œκ³  μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
11:46
we could definitely include it.
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λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ ν¬ν•¨μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:49
My neighbor's car has been stolen by someone.
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λ‚΄ μ΄μ›ƒμ˜ μ°¨κ°€ λˆ„κ΅°κ°€μ— μ˜ν•΄ λ„λ‚œλ‹Ήν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:53
My neighbor's car has been stolen by a monkey.
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λ‚΄ μ΄μ›ƒμ˜ μ°¨λŠ” μ›μˆ­μ΄μ— μ˜ν•΄ λ„λ‚œλ‹Ήν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:00
So the passive form always includes the be verb
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μˆ˜λ™νƒœμ—λŠ” 항상 κ³Όκ±° 뢄사가 ν¬ν•¨λœ be 동사가 ν¬ν•¨λ˜λ©°,
12:02
with the past participle
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12:06
and if you need to include any information about
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12:09
what or who did the action use by.
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μž‘μ—…μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λ‚˜ λŒ€μƒμ— λŒ€ν•œ 정보λ₯Ό 포함해야 ν•˜λŠ” κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:12
Okay, I've got
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μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:14
three more examples for you to practise with.
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μ—°μŠ΅ν•  μ„Έ 가지 μ˜ˆκ°€ 더 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:18
We made lots of money in 2002.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 2002년에 λ§Žμ€ λˆμ„ λ²Œμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:29
Lots of money was made by us in 2002.
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2002년에 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ§Žμ€ λˆμ„ λ²Œμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:37
I will clean the house on Monday.
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μ›”μš”μΌμ— 집을 μ²­μ†Œν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:46
The house will be cleaned by me on Monday.
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집은 μ›”μš”μΌμ— λ‚΄κ°€ μ²­μ†Œν•  것이닀.
12:54
He built the house for his parents.
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κ·ΈλŠ” λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜μ„ μœ„ν•΄ 집을 μ§€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:05
The house was built by him for his parents.
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집은 λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜μ„ μœ„ν•΄ κ·Έκ°€ μ§€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:10
Okay now that's enough for this lesson
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자, 이제 이 레슨으둜 μΆ©λΆ„
13:14
but there is actually a lot more to practise
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ
13:17
about the passive voice
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13:19
like how to use the negative forms and questions,
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λΆ€μ •ν˜•κ³Ό μ˜λ¬Έλ¬Έμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 방법,
13:24
how to use modal verbs in the passive voice,
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μˆ˜λ™νƒœμ—μ„œ 쑰동사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 방법, 무언가λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ§€λ„ˆ
13:28
how to include adverbs of manner
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뢀사λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•˜λŠ” 방법과 같이 μˆ˜λ™νƒœμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ—°μŠ΅ν•  것이 훨씬 더 λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:30
to explain how something is done.
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μˆ˜ν–‰.
13:34
But there is enough information right there
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ±°κΈ°μ—λŠ” μ™„μ „νžˆ
13:36
for a whole new lesson so I'll get to that.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ μœ„ν•œ μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ 정보가 μžˆμœΌλ―€λ‘œ 그것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μ•„λž˜
13:40
Practise your passive sentences in the comments
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λŒ“κΈ€μ—μ„œ μˆ˜λ™νƒœ λ¬Έμž₯을 μ—°μŠ΅
13:43
under this video and make sure that you
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ν•˜κ³  아직 κ΅¬λ…ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€λ©΄
13:45
subscribe to the mmmEnglish Channel
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mmmμ˜μ–΄ 채널을 κ΅¬λ…ν•˜μ„Έμš”
13:47
if you haven't already.
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.
13:49
Just click that red button down there.
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μ €κΈ° λΉ¨κ°„ λ²„νŠΌμ„ λˆ„λ₯΄μ‹œλ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:51
Then I can let you know when I've got
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그러면
13:53
a new lesson ready for you.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κ°•μ˜κ°€ μ€€λΉ„λ˜λ©΄ μ•Œλ €λ“œλ¦΄ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. mmm
13:55
Don't forget to sign up to the
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13:57
mmmEnglish grammar challenge,
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μ˜μ–΄ 문법 μ±Œλ¦°μ§€μ— λ“±λ‘ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μžŠμ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”.
13:59
you can do that right here.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ 등둝할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 2018λ…„ 5월이 λλ‚˜κΈ° 전에
14:02
Sign up and complete the challenge
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λ“±λ‘ν•˜κ³  μ±Œλ¦°μ§€λ₯Ό μ™„λ£Œν•˜λ©΄
14:04
before the end of May 2018
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14:06
and you could win!
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μš°μŠΉν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€!
14:08
There are t-shirts to give away,
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λ‚˜λˆ μ€„ 티셔츠도 있고,
14:10
there are mmmEnglish courses
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mmmμ˜μ–΄ μ½”μŠ€λ„ 있고,
14:13
and five chances
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14:14
to meet me on Skype for conversation practice.
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λŒ€ν™” μ—°μŠ΅μ„ μœ„ν•΄ μŠ€μΉ΄μ΄ν”„μ—μ„œ μ €λ₯Ό λ§Œλ‚  κΈ°νšŒκ°€ λ‹€μ„― 번 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:18
So come and join and improve your grammar with me.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ μ˜€μ…”μ„œ 저와 ν•¨κ»˜ 문법을 ν–₯μƒμ‹œν‚€μ„Έμš”.
14:21
That's it from me today, I'll see you next week
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μ˜€λŠ˜μ€ μ—¬κΈ°κΉŒμ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‹€μŒ 주에
14:24
for another mmmEnglish lesson. Bye for now!
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ mmmμ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ μœ„ν•΄ λ΅™κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ§€κΈˆμ€ μ•ˆλ…•!
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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