Chibeze Ezekiel: A vision for sustainable energy in Africa | TED Countdown

譯者: Wenjer Leuschel 審譯者: Shelley Tsang 曾雯海

About 600 million people in Africa

非洲約有 6 億人口

still don’t have reliable access to electricity,

仍然無法獲得可靠的電力

and energy shortages are still a part of daily life.

而能源短缺仍然是 日常生活的一部分

Africa needs energy.

非洲需要能源

A lot of energy.

很多很多的能源

But the question is: What kind of energy?

但問題是：什麼樣的能量？

I want to tell you a story.

我想告訴你一個故事

My name is Chibeze Ezekiel

我叫做奇貝茲·以西結 （Chibeze Ezekiel）

and I work at the Strategic Youth Network for Development.

在青年策略發展網絡 工作

In 2013, the government of my country, Ghana,

2013年我國 加納政府開始

began consultations to construct a coal plant,

協商興建 一座燃煤電廠

a 700-megawatt coal plant,

一座700兆瓦的燃煤電廠

meant to be sited at Ekumfi District,

擬選址在加納中部地區

a coastal fishing community in the central region of Ghana.

沿海漁業社區 埃庫姆菲（ Ekumfi）區

It would have required a 1.5-billion US dollar loan

它需要從中國 非洲發展基金

from the China African Development [Fund].

提撥 15 億美元貸款

由於加納沒有煤炭儲量

And because Ghana has no coal reserves,

the project made a provision to import two million tons of coal annually

該計畫規定每年 從南非進口

from South Africa.

200 萬噸煤炭

So I ask again,

所以我再問一遍

Ghana and Africa need energy.

加納和非洲需要能源

But what kind of energy?

但是什麼樣的能量呢？

In Africa, job creation and economic opportunities are the priority,

在非洲創造就業機會和 經濟機會是首要任務

and those were the same arguments

支持該計畫的人

that were made by those who were in support of the project.

提出了同樣的論點

他們聲稱燃煤電廠計畫

They claimed that the project of the coal plant

would have created jobs for the local youth

將為當地年輕人創造就業機會

and also expanded the economy of the country.

也擴大了國家的經濟

But we know that coal is the most polluting form of power generation.

但我們知道煤炭是污染 最嚴重的發電形式

We are also aware that from a purely economic point of view,

我們也意識到 從純粹的 經濟角度來看

coal is cheap.

煤炭很便宜 但只有當我們

But that is only true when we ignore the noneconomic impact of coal.

忽略煤炭的非經濟影響時 這種情況才會是正確的

Talk about waste water,

就談談廢水

fly ash, emissions of sulfur

塵灰和硫磺

以及汞的排放

and mercury,

which would have posed serious health and environmental risk

這會給艾庫姆菲的居民帶來 嚴重的健康

to the Ekumfi population.

和環境風險

In our part of the world,

在我們這個世界的一部分

we have people who depend on water bodies,

我們有人依賴水體

for bathing, for cooking,

用於洗澡和煮飯

for washing and even for drinking.

洗滌甚至飲用

So what this means

這就是說

is that it's going to have a devastating impact

這將對他們的 生計來源

on their source of livelihood and their life as a whole.

和整個生活產生 毀滅性的影響

So this shows

由此可見

that the adverse impact of coal

煤炭的不利影響

far outweighs the economic benefit.

遠遠大於經濟效益

Ghana and Africa need energy,

加納和非洲需要能源

but we don't want coal to be that energy.

但我們不希望煤炭成為這種能源

We managed to shut down the coal plant.

我們設法關閉了燃煤電廠

And we didn't want coal to be part of the country's energy system.

我們不希望煤炭成為國家 能源系統的一部分

But it did take a bit of fighting.

但這確實需要一些奮鬥

When we learned of the plan to build a coal plant,

當我們得知建造燃煤電廠的計畫時

we began engaging the local communities.

我們開始與當地社區接觸

We took an approach known as the “submarine approach.”

我們採取了一種稱為 「潛艇方法」的辦法

So basically, what that means

所以基本上即是

is that we never wanted it on social media,

我們從來不想 在社交媒體上

we didn't go publicly,

我們沒有公開發布這件事

we didn’t engage in media on our reservations.

我們沒有啓動接觸 媒體的動員

We spent days with the people in our community,

我們花了幾天時間 與社區裡的人們交談

talking to the chiefs, the elders,

與酋長和長老們

the women groups, the youth networks,

與婦女團體和青年聯繫交談

to inquire from them

詢問他們是否

whether they have all the necessary knowledge about the coal plant

擁有有關燃煤電廠 所有必要的知識

because it is our right to have adequate information.

因為我們有權利 獲得足夠的資訊

And that is what we did.

這就是我們的行動 我們帶給他們訊息

We brought them information

about the negative impact of coal in other countries.

有關煤炭對其他國家的 負面影響的資訊

We also had to assure them

我們還必須向他們證明 那些向他們承諾的工作

that the jobs being promised to them

並不保證他們的長期利益

do not guarantee long-term benefits.

We also sought their input in our advocacy campaign.

我們也在我們的宣傳活動中 徵求了他們的意見

In our engagement with the local communities,

在與當地社區的接觸中

we realized that most of them were not even aware of the consequences

我們意識到他們中的大多數人 甚至不知道燃煤電廠

of the coal plant.

會帶來的後果

They had been assured by the promoters

倡議人向他們保證

that the plant will be clean and safe for residents.

該工廠將對居民來說 是清潔和安全的

Others also had their own reservations

其他人也有自己的保留意見

but didn't know who to channel them to.

但不知道該向誰傳達

We teamed up with other NGOs working in the environmental sector.

我們與環境保護領域的 其他非政府組織合作

It was only when local community got well-informed about the plant,

直到當地社區 充分了解工廠

to challenge the promoter’s claim,

並開始質疑倡議人的主張後

that gave us a time to bring out the “submarine approach.”

我們才有時間提出「潛水艇方法」

That was when we began social media campaigns,

那是我們開始社群 媒體宣傳活動

organized press conferences

組織記者會的時候

and did a lot of media engagement

並進行了大量的媒體聯繫

to also share our views against the coal plant.

並進行了大量的媒體聯繫 以分享我們對燃煤電廠的看法

We also accompanied our campaign against [the] coal plant

我們也配合反對燃煤電廠的運動

with the need for renewable energy.

來滿足對再生能源的需求

And I must say that I was very surprised

我必須說

when the government of Ghana chose to back down

當加納政府在聽到我們的擔憂

on the construction of the coal plant,

和當地社區的聲音後

having heard our concerns and voices of the local communities.

選擇了放棄燃煤電廠的建設時 我感到非常驚訝

Indeed, the then-Minister of Environment at a press conference announced

確實 時任環境部長在記者會上宣布

that Ghana is not going to build a coal plant,

加納在簽署《巴黎氣候協定》後 將不會再興建燃煤電廠

having signed the Paris Climate Agreement.

In 2019, [the] government released our renewable energy master plan,

2019年政府發布了再生能源總體規劃

which shows a very comprehensive plan

其中展示了

on the development of renewable energy in Ghana.

加納再生能源發展的 非常全面的計劃

Among others,

其中 該工廠力求到 2030 年將再生

the plant seeks to increase by 30 times our renewable energy development

能源開發量提高 30 倍

並到 2030 年時

by 2030,

and also create more than 200,000 jobs by 2030.

將創造出超過 20 萬個

就業機會 一些國家已經關閉

Some countries have shut down,

或計劃關閉他們 當地的燃煤電廠

or are planning to shut down, their coal plants.,

Others are frantically planning to build coal plants.

其他國家則瘋狂地 計劃建造燃煤電廠

Once a coal plant is built,

燃煤電廠一旦建成

it becomes part of the energy system for decades.

就會長達數十年成為 能源系統的一部分

But our experience shows that resistance is possible.

但我們的經驗表明 抵抗是可能的

How?

如何呢？

By bringing into the conversation the adverse impacts

透過討論燃煤電廠的 不利影響

and externalities of coal plants.

及其對外擴散性

Secondly, also by providing clean alternatives,

其次也透過提供清潔的替代能源

and more importantly,

更重要的是

by involving the local communities --

讓當地社區參與其中——

because they’re the first to be impacted,

因為他們是最先受到影響的

and they must also have a seat in the conversation.

而且他們也必須在對話中

In the last decade,

佔有一席之地

technology has moved at a fast pace.

在過去的十年中 技術發展迅速

It has lowered its costs dramatically.

使得成本大大降低了

Africa can, and must, develop

非洲可以而且必須 利用其所需的所有能源進行發展

with all the energy it requires

without incurring the disastrous impact of coal,

而不會遭受煤炭的 災難性影響

i.e. health and environmental consequences.

也就是遭受健康和 環境破壞的後果

Development and clean, breathable air

發展與清潔可呼吸的空氣 可以同時並行

不應該互相排斥

must not be mutually exclusive.

Thank you.

謝謝