The Future of the Food Ecosystem -- and the Power of Your Plate | Ndidi Okonkwo Nwuneli

翻译人员: Mingming Ma 校对人员: Yip Yan Yeung

My name, Ndidi, means patience in Igbo.

我的名字是恩迪迪（Ndidi）， 在伊博语中的意思是“耐心”。

But I'm probably one of the most impatient people you've ever met.

但是，我可能是你见过的 最没耐心的人之一。

I was in such a rush to enter the world

我特别着急来到这个世界，

that I was born in the parking lot

以至于我出生在了

of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital.

尼日利亚教学医院的 一个停车场内。

True story.

这是真事。

Agriculture was my favorite subject in school.

农业是我上学时最喜欢的科目。

My mom remembers me squealing for joy

我母亲记得， 当我从学校跑回家，

看到豆角已经成熟到 可以收割了，

when I ran home from school

and saw green beans ready for harvesting.

我会高兴得尖叫起来。

Or when I sold a bag of avocados in our local market.

或者是当我在当地市场上 卖掉了一包牛油果的时候。

I considered studying agriculture in school,

我曾经考虑过学习农业，

but instead opted to study business

但却选择了学习商业，

and started in corporate America.

并且开始在美国公司工作。

But many twists and turns led me back to my first love:

但是，几经周折， 我又回到了我的初衷：

consulting, working with entrepreneurs and then starting businesses.

做咨询，与企业家们一起工作， 然后创业。

A defining moment for me was in 2007,

对我来说，一个决定性的时刻 是在 2007 年，

during the first world food crisis in my adult life.

那是在我成年后经历的 第一次世界粮食危机期间。

I recognized how connected we were.

我意识到我们彼此之间的 关联是多么的紧密。

Oil price shocks led to cereal price hikes,

石油价格的冲击导致了 谷物价格大幅上涨，

which affected bread prices all over the world.

从而进一步影响了 世界各地的面包价格。

And the most vulnerable were hurt.

最脆弱的群体受到了伤害。

Fourteen years later, my impatience has grown.

十四年以后， 我逐渐失去了耐心。

We’re even more connected,

我们之间的关联更加紧密了，

and our food ecosystem is even more broken.

我们的食品生态系统 被破坏得更严重了。

Thankfully, the Rockefeller Foundation has some pioneering research

值得庆幸的是，洛克菲勒基金会 进行了一些开创性的研究，

on the true cost of food in the United States,

针对美国食品实际成本的研究，

which indicates that even though we spend 1.1 trillion

结果表明，即使我们每年花费 1.1 万亿美金

on our annual food expenditure,

在食品支出上，

we actually spend 2.1 trillion on costs linked to health

但实际上，我们有 2.1 万亿美金的支出

与健康和气候有关，

and climate,

all because of our broken food ecosystem.

这都是缘于我们 被破坏的食品生态系统。

These same statistics have been replicated all over the world.

这样的统计数据 同样出现在世界各地。

In fact, according to the UN Food Systems Scientific Group,

实际上，根据联合国粮食系统科学小组 （UN Food Systems Scientific Group）

our food system is value-destroying.

我们食品系统的价值正在被摧毁。

There's a need for urgent action.

所以我们急需行动起来。

From at least three lenses.

至少从三个角度进行。

A health lens,

健康，

an equity lens and a climate lens.

公平公正和气候。

Starting with the climate lens,

从气候开始，

we must modify how we grow food and reduce food waste.

我们必须改变我们种植食物的方式， 减少食物浪费。

Our food ecosystem is one of the largest contributors to climate change.

我们的食品生态系统是 导致气候变化的最主要因素之一。

We keep cutting down trees to grow more food,

我们为了种植更多的食物 不停地砍掉树木，

and we keep wasting food which ends up in landfills and rots,

同时我们又在不停地浪费食物， 这些食物最后被填埋并腐烂，

generates methane.

从而产生甲烷。

The good news is that we have the technology

好消息是， 我们现在有技术手段

and the science today

和科学研究

to grow enough food to feed the world

用来种植足够的食物 以养活全世界的人口，

and to address our food waste problems.

解决食物浪费问题。

We have the knowledge,

我们有知识，

but we're not using it.

但是我们没有把它利用起来。

There are exciting examples from my ecosystem

在我的生态系统中， 有一些令人激动的例子

where we're seeing dramatic impact.

让我们看到了巨大的影响。

The Songhai Center in Benin Republic

贝宁（Benin Republic）的 松海中心 （The Songhaï Center）

educates young Africans on regenerative agriculture

在教授非洲年轻人再生农业

and zero-waste total production.

和零浪费生产。

And one of these young people is doing just that.

其中一位年轻人就正在做这些。

Through his company, Bioloop,

通过他的公司，Bioloop，

he's feeding waste, cassava peels, yam peels,

他正在把废物、木薯皮、山药皮

to black soldier fly larva.

喂给黑兵蝇幼虫。

They're growing really quickly and becoming wonderful fish feed.

它们长得非常快， 并且成了优质的鱼食。

The byproducts and the residue from this process

在这过程中会产生副产品和残渣，

is wonderful soil supplements.

它们是很好的土壤补充肥料。

And the entire production process is run on renewable energy.

而且，整个生产过程使用的 都是可再生能源。

Through my work with Sahel Consulting,

通过与萨赫勒咨询公司 （Sahel Consulting）的合作，

we're demonstrating that farmers can double and triple yields

我们正在证明， 农民可以实现两倍和三倍的产量，

without hurting the environment.

而且不会对环境造成危害。

We're using technology and science from our local research institutions,

我们采用的是 当地研究机构的技术和研究，

and we're proving that in Africa,

我们正在证明，在非洲，

there are great examples for the rest of the world to emulate.

我们有非常好的成功案例 供世界其他各地区效仿。

Now we need to scale these interventions.

现在，我们需要扩大 这些干预措施的规模。

And we need to ensure that our governments,

我们需要确保我们的政府、

our private sector, our farmers,

我们的私营企业、我们的农民

are incentivized to change behavior and to improve lives.

有动力去改变他们的行为， 改善他们的生活。

If you're as impatient as I am, you also have a role to play,

如果你跟我一样没有耐心， 你也能做些贡献，

by reducing the food waste in your home.

你可以减少你家中的食物浪费。

Every single person here can take up a policy

我们这里的每一位 都可以参与一项政策

to ensure that their schools, their companies,

以确保他们的学校、 他们的公司、

their civil society groups have a sustainability policy

他们的民间组织 有可持续发展政策

and a food waste policy.

以及食物浪费政策。

And please don't tell your children to finish their dinner

请不要让你的孩子把饭吃完

because there are hungry children anywhere.

只是因为到处都有孩子在挨饿。

Tell them to finish their dinner because it’s good for the environment,

而是要告诉他们把饭吃完 是因为这不但能保护环境，

and healthy food is good for them.

而且健康的食物对他们有益。

(Applause)

（掌声）

Second, we must ensure that healthy food is affordable

第二，我们必须确保 最脆弱的群体负担得起健康的食物

and accessible for the most vulnerable.

且有获得健康食物的途径。

This is a huge challenge.

这是一个巨大的挑战。

Unhealthy food kills.

食物不健康会导致死亡。

And we know this.

我们都知道这一点。

One out of every five deaths is linked to unhealthy food.

每五例死亡案例中， 就有一例与不健康食品有关。

And yet, one third of our world's population

世界总人口的三分之一

cannot afford a healthy diet.

负担不起健康饮食。

This is a big challenge.

这是一个很大的挑战。

Now food is medicine.

现在食物是药物。

Healthy food gives us long and productive lives.

健康的食物能让我们长寿、 让我们的生活富有成效。

And during COVID, we've seen the impact of closures,

新冠疫情期间， 我们已经看到了封锁带来的影响，

shipping challenges that have affected food prices,

航运问题影响了食品价格，

and the most vulnerable have had to shift from healthy diets to unhealthy diets

最脆弱的群体不得不 将健康饮食改成了不健康饮食，

because they are cheaper.

因为不健康的更便宜。

This has caused more damage to lives all over the world.

这已经对全世界的生命造成了 更大的伤害。

We must take a stand on this, and we can learn a lot from Africa.

我们必须在这一点上立场明确， 我们能从非洲学到很多。

There Hadzabe people in Tanzania live in harmony with the land,

坦桑尼亚的哈扎比（Hadzabe）人 与土地和谐相处，

and through their lives,

通过他们的生活，

we’ve seen the ability to have a healthy diet.

我们看到了实现健康饮食的能力。

They eat ten times more fiber than the average American.

他们摄入的纤维素量 比普通美国人多十倍。

Oftentimes we don't realize that even in our own traditional communities,

通常，我们不会意识到， 甚至就在我们自己的传统社区里，

we have so much to learn.

我们就能学到很多。

In urban communities,

在城市社区里，

we also have exciting social enterprises like mDoc

我们也有振奋人心的社会企业， 比如mDoc，

that's using digital technology, cell phones and training

它是运用数字技术、 手机和培训

to get urban populations that are struggling with diabetes,

去帮助那些城市人口中 正在与糖尿病、

high blood pressure and so many other health challenges

高血压以及其他 与食用超加工食品有关的健康问题

linked to eating ultra-processed food

抗争的人群，

to shift to more traditional diets, and they’re seeing measurable outcomes.

帮助他们过渡到更加传统的饮食习惯中， 已经取得了显著的成果。

We must scale these type of interventions,

我们必须扩大这种干预措施的规模，

but we must also hold our private sector companies responsible

但是，我们也必须让私营公司

for the amount of sugar and salt contained in food.

对食品中的含糖量 和含盐量负起负责。

We must set standards for what healthy food is

我们必须设定健康食品的标准，

and define healthy food

定义健康食品，

according to plant-based diet, low salt, low sugar,

以植物类饮食为主， 低盐低糖，

and keep all of us accountable.

并且，我们都要对此负起责任来。

We must also encourage our governments and ensure that at the local,

我们也必须要鼓励政府 确保这一切的实施，包括在地方、

state and federal level,

州以及联邦各个层面上。

our school feeding programs prioritize healthy food,

我们的学校供餐计划 要优先考虑健康食品。

our public procurement programs prioritize healthy food,

我们的公共采购计划 要优先考虑健康食品。

and collectively, we ensure that we keep the standards high for everybody,

我们需要共同努力确保 健康饮食对每个人、每个孩子

every child.

都能保持高标准。

If you are as impatient as me,

如果你跟我一样没耐心，

you must also set standards

你也必须要设定标准，

and hold those in your spheres of influence accountable

并让你势力范围内的人 为给最弱势的群体

for delivering unhealthy food for the most vulnerable.

提供不健康食品负责。

Third, we must support small- and medium-sized enterprises.

第三，我们必须支持中小型企业。

In the food ecosystem,

在食品生态系统中，

small- and medium-sized enterprises are the bedrock of our economy.

中小型企业是我们经济的基石。

They create jobs, they are innovative,

它们创造了工作机会，它们能创新，

and they can pivot very quickly.

它们能很快地调整方向。

But during the pandemic, we've seen something.

但是，在疫情期间， 我们看到了一些事情。

They are most affected by shocks.

它们受到的冲击最大。

The mortality rates of small- and medium-sized enterprises

中小型企业的死亡率

in the food ecosystem has been quite high.

在食品生态系统中是相当高的。

Now through my work,

目前，从我的工作中，

I’ve seen the value and the power of small- and medium-sized enterprises.

我看到了中小型企业的 价值和力量。

I'm the co-founder of a food company called AACE Foods.

我是AACE食品公司的联合创始人。

Over 50 percent of our staff are women.

我们 50% 的员工是女性。

Fifty percent of our board are women.

董事会中 50% 是女性。

And we produce healthy food, sourced from over 10,000 farmers.

我们生产健康食品， 它们源自超过 10000 家农场。

Through this company,

通过我们的公司，

we're demonstrating that when you empower women,

我们在证明， 当你赋予女性力量之时，

you empower communities.

你就是在赋予社区力量。

One product that we sell has a ripple effect through the entire ecosystem.

我们销售的一款产品 会对整个生态系统产生连锁反应。

Another company that's worthy of emulation is Twiga,

另一家值得效仿的公司是Twiga，

using mobile money and cell phones to connect farmers to urban retailers.

使用移动支付和手机 将农民与城市的零售商联系起来。

Now their efficiency and removing the middlemen,

现在，他们的效率 去除了中间商，

creating shorter value chains, ensures that not only the farmer benefits,

建立了更短的价值链， 从而不仅确保了农民们能获益，

the retailer benefits,

经销商能获益，

but the consumer has access to healthier food.

而且消费者 也能获得更健康的食物。

And finally, I'm most inspired by these dynamic women entrepreneurs.

最后，我受到最大的鼓舞来自 这些充满活力的女企业家们。

Through Nourishing Africa,

通过“Nourishing Africa”平台，

I work with enterprises in 37 African countries

我与来自非洲 37 个国家的 企业合作，

who are scaling sustainable businesses,

它们正在扩展可持续发展的业务，

building healthy food companies

建立健康食品公司，

and demonstrating that strong,

证明强大的

small- and medium-sized enterprises,

中小型企业，

committed to sustainable agriculture and healthy food,

致力于可持续农业 和健康食品的企业，

can become change agents.

可以成为变革的推动者。

We need to support our small- and medium-sized enterprises,

我们需要支持我们的中小型企业，

creating an enabling environment for them,

给它们创造一个有力的环境，

providing catalytic financing,

促进融资，

enabling them to scale,

使它们能扩大业务规模，

and supporting women-owned businesses,

支持女性所有的企业，

especially businesses run by young women.

尤其是年轻女性经营的企业。

(Applause)

（掌声）

In the food ecosystem, we're often told to be patient

在食品生态系统中， 我们经常被教导要有耐心

when we plant the seed to let it grow.

在播种后等待种子生长。

We're often told to let the vegetables simmer

我们经常听到 蔬菜要慢慢炖熟，

so that the juices will flow.

这样汁液才会流出来。

We're told that "ndidiamaka," patience is a virtue.

我们知道“ndidiamaka”—— 有耐心，是一种美德。

But a wise woman once said,

但是，一位智慧的女性曾经说过，

"For the dreamer, impatience is a virtue."

“对于梦想家来说， 没有耐心是美德”。

I am impatient about the current pace of change in the food ecosystem.

我对现在食品生态系统 变革的进程没有耐心。

And I think we all must be courageous and bold to transform this landscape.

我认为我们都必须要 勇敢大胆地改变这一局面。

The next time you eat a meal, ask yourself a few questions.

在你下次用餐的时候， 问自己几个问题。

Who grew this food?

这些食物是谁种出来的？

Where was it grown?

它是在哪里种出来的？

When was it grown?

它是什么时候种出来的？

How many steps and stops did it make before it got to your table?

在食物到达你的饭桌之前， 它经历了多少程序、步骤？

How much food waste was generated because of this meal?

因为这顿饭产生了多少食物浪费?

Let your answers influence your next meal.

让您的回答 对您的下一餐产生一些影响。

The fact that you have a choice

事实是，你可以作出选择，

gives you privilege

你有此特权，

and also gives you a voice

你也有发言权，

to demand that the solutions to the food ecosystem

去要求针对食品生态系统的 解决方案

align with what works for people and planet.

符合对人类和地球有益的需求。

We must collectively create a food ecosystem

我们必须共同努力， 创造一个食品生态系统

that works not just for us but for future generations.

不仅有益于我们， 还要有益于我们的后代。

Our children and grandchildren will hold us accountable

我们的子孙后代会让我们

for what we chose to do today

为我们今天改变食品生态系统的

to transform the food ecosystem.

选择承担责任。

Thank you so much.

非常感谢！

(Applause)

（掌声）