NFTs, the Metaverse and the Future of Digital Art | Elizabeth Strickler | TED

翻译人员: Yip Yan Yeung 校对人员: Grace Man

Everything in the real world is being recreated

现实世界的万物 都在虚拟世界中被重新创造。

in the virtual world.

The metaverse.

这就是元宇宙。

The metaverse, a persistent digital universe

元宇宙是一个 持续运转的数字宇宙，

that mirrors our world,

它映射着我们的现实世界，

but is becoming as diverse and awe-inspiring

但它也在逐渐变得像自然界一样 多样化又令人敬畏，

as the natural world.

And you'll be able to do everything you do in the real world

你可以在虚拟世界中做

任何现实世界里可以做的事， 和其他更多事。

in the virtual world,

and more.

在现实世界中， 你可以走进一家画廊，

In the real world, you can walk into a gallery,

buy a one-of-a-kind artwork that is signed and authenticated as original,

购入一幅独一无二的画作， 拥有作者签名、原创认证，

take it home, put it on the wall, enjoy it,

把它带回家，挂上墙，欣赏一番，

show it to your friends;

向你的朋友展示，

it might even be an investment.

它甚至可以是一种投资。

The artwork becomes part of your story and adds meaning to your life.

这件艺术品会成为你经历的一部分， 为你的人生增光添彩。

It marks a time and a feeling for you.

它为你记录着 此时此刻和你的感受。

Now, we can have the exact same experience

现在，我们可以在虚拟画廊里

in virtual galleries, with digital art.

通过数字艺术品获取同样的体验。

While this might seem like an obscure niche on the internet,

虽然这可能是互联网上 一个不太起眼的话题，

let's take a look at a recent auction sale that you might have heard of.

但是我想谈一谈最近 你可能有所耳闻的一场拍卖会。

In March of 2021,

2021 年 3 月，

the major auction house Christie's

著名拍卖行 佳士得拍卖行（Christie’s）

sold a purely digital artwork by an artist named Beeple

以价值 6900 万美元的加密货币

for 69 million dollars in cryptocurrency.

成交了来自艺术家Beeple的 一件纯数字艺术作品。

The auction, the artwork and the currency was virtual,

拍卖、艺术作品 和货币都是虚拟的，

but the transaction was very real.

但是交易是真实的。

But who can afford a Beeple?

但是谁买得起一件Beeple呢？

Don't worry,

别担心，

there are lots of artists creating digital art

有很多艺术家正在创作一些

and conceptualizing brand new art forms

你买得起的数字艺术品

that you can afford.

和全新的艺术形式。

I direct Media Entrepreneurship and Innovation

我是佐治亚州立大学

at the Creative Media Industries Institute

创意媒体产业学院

at Georgia State University,

媒体创业及创新专业的主任，

and our students are building the metaverse as I speak.

我的学生们正在建造 我刚谈到的元宇宙。

We imagine a future where the students and all digital artists

我们畅想未来， 学生和所有数字艺术家在其中

are able to continue building new visions and new worlds --

都可以继续创造新视野和新世界，

basically, a better internet --

创造一个更好的互联网，

and can make a living while doing so.

与此同时可以以此为生。

The revolutionary instrument

一个数字文件 可以作为一件独特艺术品

that allowed for a digital file to be sold as a unique artwork

以 6900 万美元出售，

for 69 million dollars

这个过程所借助的革命性工具

is the same tool that will allow our students to make livings

正是我们的学生 可以作为自由创作者

as freelance creators.

谋生的工具。

There is a paradigm shift happening

有一场范式转移正在上演，

that is turning the world of content creation

颠覆着内容创作和

and its financial rewards on its head.

其对应的经济报酬的世界。

Gone are the days of the internet being a giant copying machine,

互联网像一台巨型复印机、

of intermediaries taking a larger cut than the creators,

中间商克扣 比创作者更巨额的分成、

and of artists not receiving royalties.

艺术家拿不到应得的报酬， 这些场景都再也不会出现。

This new automated tool

这个全新的自动化工具

that allows for guaranteed proof of origination and ownership

可以为音乐、视频、 图片，甚至是文本

of music, videos, images and even text

提供原创性和所有权的担保凭证，

is called an NFT:

它被称为NFT——

non-fungible token.

非同质化代币 （Non-Fungible Token）。

The NFT is allowing everyone to own their own data,

NFT让所有人 可以拥有自己的数据，

starting with art,

从艺术品开始，

and there is a hope that it will revolutionize

它有希望革新

how value is created online

线上价值创造和

and how digital labor is monetized.

数字工作变现的方式。

So the eternal question:

一个老生常谈的问题是：

What is an NFT?

NFT是什么？

Simply put,

简而言之，

it is a permanent tracking device

它是一个永久的追踪工具，

that proves ownership of a digital file,

可以证明对一个数字文件的所有权，

somewhat similar to the way that you can chip a pet

类似于你为你的宠物植入芯片，

to identify it as yours if it runs away,

如果它跑了， 可以证明它属于你，

an NFT is a cryptographic token connected to a digital asset

NFT是与数字资产 连接的加密代币，

to preserve ownership rights in the metaverse.

可以在元宇宙中 保护所有权权利。

Non-fungible means "not exchangeable."

“非同质化”指的是 “不可互换性”。

Most things in the real world are non-fungible,

现实世界里的大部分物件 都是非同质化的，

because most physical objects are unique

因为大多数实物都是独一无二的，

and can't be traded one for one.

不能与其他物件互换。

There is no painting, pet or person that is exactly equivalent to another.

没有一幅绘画、一只宠物或一个人 会与别的画、宠物或人完全相同。

Money, on the other hand,

但是，钱

is one of the few items that is fungible,

是少数可同质化的物件，

meaning one dollar is equivalent to another dollar

意思是一美元等同于另外一美元，

and one Bitcoin is equivalent to another Bitcoin.

一个比特币等同于 另外一个比特币。

The underlying decentralized technology

支撑像比特币这样的数字货币的

that enabled digital currencies such as Bitcoin

底层去中心化技术叫做

is blockchain.

区块链。

Blockchain prevents digital money from being duplicated or hacked,

区块链会防止数字货币 遭到复制或非法操作，

and it removes the need for a centralized authority,

去除了像银行这样 负责验证交易的

such as a bank,

中心化机构的

to validate transactions.

必要性。

And like Bitcoin, the record of ownership of an NFT

和比特币一样， NFT所有权的记录

is kept in a public database on the internet

会被存储在互联网上 一个公共的数据库内，

that is maintained by millions of computers

数据库由数百万的计算机维护，

that keep track, via consensus,

通过一致性记录追踪

of all content origination and transactions.

所有内容创作和交易。

At the Blockchain Lab at Georgia State University,

我们在佐治亚州立大学的 区块链实验室里

we study how to monetize creative labor

研究如何利用区块链和 其他去中心化账本技术

using blockchains and other decentralized ledger technologies.

使创意工作变现。

I believe that this technology in the form of NFTs

我认为NFT这种形式的技术

has the potential to humanize the internet

有潜力让互联网更人性化，

and to create an equitable foundation for its next phase: the metaverse.

为它的下一阶段——元宇宙， 建立公平合理的基础。

This decentralized business model gives financial power back to the creators

这个去中心化的商业模式 让经济实力重返创作者的手中，

and reduces the power of the broker, the middleman

压制了经纪人、中间人，

and even social media platforms.

甚至是社交媒体平台的力量。

Amy Rader is a fine artist in Atlanta who shows in traditional galleries.

艾米·雷德（Amy Rader）是 一位来自亚特兰大的美术家，

她会在传统画廊里布展。

She created her first NFT

她创造了她的第一个NFT，

so that she could expand to an online audience

借此吸引线上的观众，

and to add a new revenue stream to increase her income.

而且可以增加一种收入来源。

Here's a Greg Mike mural.

这是一幅 格雷格·麦克（Greg Mike）壁画，

If you're from Atlanta,

如果你来自亚特兰大，

you have probably seen some of his work on walls and buildings.

你可能会在墙上和建筑外立面 看到过他的一些作品。

Street art is not permanent,

街头艺术不是永久的，

so how will an important cultural icon like Greg Mike

所以像格雷格·麦克 这样重要的文化名人

utilize this new creative economy?

要如何运用这种新型创作经济呢？

He is using the unique qualities of NFTs to innovate

他利用NFT的独特特性 做出了创新，

and to collaborate with other artists and musicians

与其他艺术家和音乐家合作，

and connect with fans on the internet.

与互联网上的粉丝交流。

This way, his work will live on,

这样，他的作品会被保留下来，

and he can take the proceeds from the sales and resales

他可以通过销售和二次销售赚钱，

and continue creating his art.

从而继续创作艺术。

Musicians can also capture their true value

音乐家也可以通过NFT

using NFTs.

留下他们的真实价值。

Atlanta music producer Dallas Austin

来自亚特兰大的音乐制作人 达拉斯·奥斯汀（Dallas Austin）

is allowing fans to collect memorabilia of his great moments

向粉丝发行他在音乐历程中的

in music history,

精彩瞬间收藏，

similar to the way that NBA Top Shot

类似NBA精彩瞬间 （NBA Top Shot）

is allowing basketball fans to collect historical replays as NFTs.

让篮球迷可以 以NFT的形式收藏回放片段。

In the metaverse, humans are represented as avatars.

在元宇宙中， 人类以“化身”的形象出现。

An eight-year-old probably knows,

8 岁的小朋友 都可能知道是这样的，

but did you know that you can buy clothes for your avatar?

但是你知道你可以 为你的化身买衣服吗？

This is Kadine James.

这位是卡蒂因·詹姆斯 （Kadine James）。

She is leading the way in digital fashion

她引领着数字时尚的潮流，

that can only be worn in the virtual world.

虽然只能在虚拟世界穿戴。

Today, Gucci sells sneakers that only exist in the virtual world,

今天，Gucci发售了一双 只存在于虚拟世界里的运动鞋，

and you can never wear them,

你本人永远穿不上它，

but your avatar can.

但是你的化身可以。

Alternatively,

或者，

you can use augmented reality

你可以利用 增强现实（AR）技术

to overlay virtual sneakers onto your in-real-life feet.

把虚拟运动鞋套在你真实的脚上。

And because of NFTs,

正是因为NFT，

anyone, not just well-known companies like Gucci,

所有人，不只是 Gucci这样的知名公司，

can create digital fashion to be bought, sold and worn in games,

都可以创造数字时尚， 可以被购买、销售，在游戏、

online platforms

线上平台上被穿戴，

and even in avatar fashion shows.

甚至可以穿上化身时装秀。

Take the pioneer 18-year-old FEWOCiOUS,

比如这位时尚先锋， 18 岁的FEWOCiOUS，

who was way ahead of Gucci, with his crypto art and digital sneakers.

远远领先于Gucci， 发行了他的加密艺术和数字运动鞋。

The use of augmented and virtual-reality fashion

利用增强现实和 虚拟现实（VR）的时尚

is becoming mainstream,

逐渐流行了起来，

but because NFTs as art and collectibles are so new,

但是由于用NFT代表艺术品 和藏品的这种形式太新了，

the predictions are too volatile for anyone to make.

未来还变幻莫测。

But it is a sign that heavy hitters like Mark Cuban and Snoop Dogg

但是我们可以看到 一些知名人士，比如

马克·库班（Mark Cuban）和 史努比·狗狗（Snoop Dogg），

are investing heavily.

都投入甚多。

This is the new frontier for artists and their fans.

这会是艺术家和粉丝之间的 一种全新交汇形式。

And just like in the real world,

就像在现实世界中一样，

and artist can sell a one-of-a-kind piece,

艺术家可以出售 独一无二的艺术品，

make limited editions to control for scarcity,

创作限量版，控制稀有度，

show in art galleries and market places.

在画廊和市场展出。

But with NFTs,

但是有了NFT，

you can also sell directly to your buyer without an intermediary,

你可以在没有中间人的情况下 直接出售给买家，

collect royalties on all future resales,

在后续转售中收取版税，

expand your audience to the entire internet,

将受众扩大至全网，

show in virtual galleries and virtual worlds

在虚拟画廊和虚拟世界里展出，

and sell 3D objects and clothes to virtual humans.

将3D物件和衣服出售给虚拟人类。

OK, so how does this work,

好的，那该如何操作，

and how do you get involved as an artist?

如何作为一个艺术家加入其中呢？

Your artwork is a digital file.

你的艺术作品是一个数字文件。

To protect this file

为了保护这个文件，

and capture the value of your labor in perpetuity,

永久地保存你劳动的价值，

you go to a digital goods marketplace and "mint" it,

你可以前往数字商品交易市场， 然后“铸造”（mint）它，

meaning you register your work as a token, for a fee, on the blockchain.

“铸造”指的是将你的作品以一定的费用 在区块链上注册成为一个代币。

It will contain a signature, time stamp,

铸造信息包括一个签名、 一个时间戳，

and any rules around its resale.

和转售过程相关的所有条例。

Once you’ve minted your work and you want to sell it,

铸造完作品之后， 如果你想出售它，

you connect with your community

你可以通知你的社群，

and let them know that your NFT has "dropped,"

让他们知道你的NFT“drop”了，

meaning it is for sale.

指的是这个作品发售了。

It is important to note

值得注意的是

that all the same rules that make for good art and business

所有那些创造优秀艺术 和兴旺生意的规则

apply in the virtual world:

也同样适用于虚拟世界：

a strong connection to your followers,

与你的粉丝之间的紧密连接，

an authentic or compelling story

一个真实或者引人入胜的故事

and consistent output and work ethic.

和质量稳定的成果和职业道德。

So who will buy your art,

那么谁会买你的艺术品，

or how do you get involved as a collector?

你又如何作为一个收藏者 加入其中呢？

Buyers go to the same marketplaces that artists use.

买家会去艺术家使用的交易市场。

There, you look for art that you appreciate

在那里，你会查找你喜欢的艺术品

and artists you want a direct connection with.

和你想建立直接联系的艺术家。

Some people invest because the artwork resonates with them,

有些人投资的理由是这件艺术品 与他们产生了共鸣，

or they recognize great talent,

或者他们赏识艺术家的卓越才能，

or they see a potential for that artist to play a significant part in history.

或者他们看到了 这位艺术家有青史留名的潜力。

Once purchased directly from the artist,

直接从艺术家手中购入艺术品后，

you store your NFTs in your digital wallet.

这件NFT会存入你的数字钱包中。

From there,

然后，

you can show on screens and online marketplaces,

你就可以在屏幕上、 在线上交易平台上、

or in galleries, such as RareRooms,

在画廊里， 例如RareRooms里展示作品，

a blockchain innovation by Atlanta's GigLabs.

RareRooms是一项来自 亚特兰大GigLabs的区块链创新。

And with NFTs, a buyer knows their art is fair trade,

通过NFT，买家会知道 他们的艺术品是公平交易，

transactions are transparent,

交易过程透明，

and the ecosystem is equitable.

生态系统公平合理。

The metaverse is a place where we will spend

元宇宙是我们未来

more and more of our lives.

会花越来越多时间的地方。

Who builds it, who owns it and how it is built

谁来建造它，谁来拥有它， 如何建造它，

will determine what this world becomes.

会决定这个世界将变成什么样。

But just like the real world,

但是就如同现实世界，

the metaverse is very complex,

元宇宙非常复杂，

and there are many problems yet to be solved.

还有很多问题没有被解决。

And that is where you come in.

这就是你可以有所作为的地方。

You are the future,

你就是未来，

a digital citizen

一个数字市民，

whose responsibility it is to be a good steward to the metaverse,

你的责任就是成为元宇宙的管理员，

making sure that it is diverse, equitable, accessible and sustainable.

让元宇宙保持多元化、公平、 可以触及且可持续。

This is just the beginning of the decentralized movement.

这只是去中心化浪潮的起点。

NFTs will revolutionize most online industries,

NFT会颠覆大部分线上产业，

but it is starting with the creative economy.

但是会从创意经济开始。

While nothing in this talk is financial advice,

虽然这场演讲里的内容 均不是财务建议，

it is definitely educational encouragement.

但是希望大家有学到相关内容， 也鼓励大家去了解更多。

And why not start learning through art?

为什么不试着从艺术开始学习呢？

Jump in.

来吧。

We need you.

我们需要你。

I would like to thank the artists who provided the art for this talk,

我想在此感谢这场演讲 所提及艺术品的创作者，

all of which are embedded in the blockchain

他们的作品作为NFT，

as NFTs, non-fungible tokens.

非同质化代币， 被记入了区块链中。