NFTs, the Metaverse and the Future of Digital Art | Elizabeth Strickler | TED

101,879 views ・ 2022-05-10

TED


請雙擊下方英文字幕播放視頻。

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Helen Chang
00:04
Everything in the real world is being recreated
0
4534
2367
真實世界中的一切
都在虛擬世界中被重新創造出來。
00:06
in the virtual world.
1
6934
1333
00:08
The metaverse.
2
8301
1133
元宇宙。
00:09
The metaverse, a persistent digital universe
3
9967
3267
元宇宙是個持久的數位宇宙,
00:13
that mirrors our world,
4
13267
2234
反映出我們的世界,
00:15
but is becoming as diverse and awe-inspiring
5
15534
2900
但漸漸變成和自然世界 一樣多樣性且令人讚嘆。
00:18
as the natural world.
6
18434
1400
00:20
And you'll be able to do everything you do in the real world
7
20267
2834
你能在虛擬世界裡 做在真實世界中所做的一切,還更多。
00:23
in the virtual world,
8
23101
1233
00:24
and more.
9
24367
1234
在真實世界,你能走進畫廊,
00:25
In the real world, you can walk into a gallery,
10
25634
2200
00:27
buy a one-of-a-kind artwork that is signed and authenticated as original,
11
27867
3534
買一件獨一無二的藝術品,
有簽名且證明是原版,
00:31
take it home, put it on the wall, enjoy it,
12
31401
2966
帶回家,
掛在牆上,享受它,
00:34
show it to your friends;
13
34401
1800
秀給朋友看;
00:36
it might even be an investment.
14
36201
1533
它甚至可能是種投資。
00:38
The artwork becomes part of your story and adds meaning to your life.
15
38901
4900
這件藝術品變成了 你的故事的一部分,
為你的人生增添意義。
00:43
It marks a time and a feeling for you.
16
43801
2166
對你而言,它代表著 一段時間和一種感受。
00:46
Now, we can have the exact same experience
17
46567
2700
如今在虛擬畫廊用數位藝術品,
00:49
in virtual galleries, with digital art.
18
49301
2266
也能帶來完全相同的體驗。
00:51
While this might seem like an obscure niche on the internet,
19
51967
3867
雖然這可能很像是 網路上讓人費解的利基,
00:55
let's take a look at a recent auction sale that you might have heard of.
20
55867
3634
咱們來看看一場近期 你可能有聽過的拍賣。
00:59
In March of 2021,
21
59534
2133
2021 年 3 月,
01:01
the major auction house Christie's
22
61701
2066
知名拍賣行佳士得
01:03
sold a purely digital artwork by an artist named Beeple
23
63767
3734
賣出了一件純數位的藝術品,
創作者為藝術家 Beeple,
01:07
for 69 million dollars in cryptocurrency.
24
67534
2800
售價為六千九百萬美金, 用加密貨幣交易。
01:10
The auction, the artwork and the currency was virtual,
25
70867
4700
拍賣、藝術品,
以及貨幣都是虛擬的,
01:15
but the transaction was very real.
26
75601
1766
但交易非常真實。
01:17
But who can afford a Beeple?
27
77801
1633
但誰買得起 Beeple 作品?
01:19
Don't worry,
28
79867
1134
別擔心,有很多藝術家 在創作數位藝術,
01:21
there are lots of artists creating digital art
29
81034
2500
01:23
and conceptualizing brand new art forms
30
83534
2633
並將全新的藝術形式給概念化,
01:26
that you can afford.
31
86201
1366
是你能買得起的。
01:28
I direct Media Entrepreneurship and Innovation
32
88134
2500
我在喬治亞州立大學的
01:30
at the Creative Media Industries Institute
33
90667
2334
創意媒體產業中心負責 媒體創業與創新。
01:33
at Georgia State University,
34
93001
2200
01:35
and our students are building the metaverse as I speak.
35
95234
3800
此時此刻,我們的學生 正在打造元宇宙。
01:40
We imagine a future where the students and all digital artists
36
100367
3734
在我們想像中的未來, 學生及所有數位藝術家
01:44
are able to continue building new visions and new worlds --
37
104101
3933
都能夠持續建造新的遠景 與新的世界——
01:48
basically, a better internet --
38
108767
1734
基本上,就是更好的網際網路——
01:51
and can make a living while doing so.
39
111101
2566
且還能以此為業。
01:53
The revolutionary instrument
40
113701
2133
靠著革命性的工具,
01:55
that allowed for a digital file to be sold as a unique artwork
41
115867
5467
讓一個數位檔案
能夠被當作獨一無二的 藝術品來販售,
02:01
for 69 million dollars
42
121367
2200
且賣到六千九百萬美金,
02:03
is the same tool that will allow our students to make livings
43
123567
4300
同樣這項工具,
也能讓我們的學生
靠自由創作維生。
02:07
as freelance creators.
44
127901
1466
02:10
There is a paradigm shift happening
45
130634
2000
典範轉移正在發生,
02:12
that is turning the world of content creation
46
132667
2967
影響著內容創作的世界,
02:15
and its financial rewards on its head.
47
135667
1867
以經濟回報。
02:18
Gone are the days of the internet being a giant copying machine,
48
138201
3833
過去的日子不再,網際網路 不再是巨型複製機,
02:22
of intermediaries taking a larger cut than the creators,
49
142067
4400
中介者的分潤也不再比創作者多,
02:26
and of artists not receiving royalties.
50
146501
2533
藝術家也不再會拿不到權利金。
02:29
This new automated tool
51
149701
2133
這種新型的自動化工具,
02:31
that allows for guaranteed proof of origination and ownership
52
151834
5067
能提供證明,
保證來源和所有權,
02:36
of music, videos, images and even text
53
156901
4866
適用於音樂、影片、影像,
甚至文字,
02:41
is called an NFT:
54
161801
2766
這工具就是 NFT:
02:44
non-fungible token.
55
164601
1400
非同質化代幣。
02:47
The NFT is allowing everyone to own their own data,
56
167401
3933
NFT 讓每個人能擁有自己的資料,
02:51
starting with art,
57
171367
1800
從藝術開始,
02:53
and there is a hope that it will revolutionize
58
173201
2833
希望它能帶來革命性的改變,
02:56
how value is created online
59
176067
2900
改變在線上創造價值的方式,
02:59
and how digital labor is monetized.
60
179001
2333
以及數位勞力轉換成錢的方式。
03:02
So the eternal question:
61
182667
1734
所以,一定會問的問題:
03:04
What is an NFT?
62
184434
1133
NFT 是什麼?
03:06
Simply put,
63
186334
1400
簡言之,
03:07
it is a permanent tracking device
64
187734
2000
它是種永久性的追蹤裝置,
03:09
that proves ownership of a digital file,
65
189767
2667
能證明數位檔案的所有權,
03:13
somewhat similar to the way that you can chip a pet
66
193901
2433
有點類似你可以 在寵物身上植入晶片,
03:16
to identify it as yours if it runs away,
67
196367
2934
如果牠走失了,也能 辨識出牠是屬於你的,
03:19
an NFT is a cryptographic token connected to a digital asset
68
199334
4900
NFT 是一種加密的代幣,
與數位資產連結,
03:24
to preserve ownership rights in the metaverse.
69
204267
3467
以在元宇宙中保存所有權。
03:29
Non-fungible means "not exchangeable."
70
209267
2567
非同質性意味著「不可交換」。
03:31
Most things in the real world are non-fungible,
71
211867
3534
真實世界中大部分的東西 都是非同質性的,
03:35
because most physical objects are unique
72
215401
3833
因為大部分的實體物品 是獨一無二的,
03:39
and can't be traded one for one.
73
219267
2300
無法以物易物。
03:43
There is no painting, pet or person that is exactly equivalent to another.
74
223234
5367
沒有任何畫作、寵物,或人
會有另一個完全一模一樣的。
03:50
Money, on the other hand,
75
230201
1500
另一方面,錢,
03:51
is one of the few items that is fungible,
76
231734
3567
是少數同質性的例子之一,
03:55
meaning one dollar is equivalent to another dollar
77
235301
3333
意即,這一塊錢等同於另外一塊錢,
03:58
and one Bitcoin is equivalent to another Bitcoin.
78
238634
2333
這一個比特幣也等同另一個比特幣。
04:02
The underlying decentralized technology
79
242267
2234
在背後,讓比特幣這類
04:04
that enabled digital currencies such as Bitcoin
80
244534
3100
數位貨幣能夠實現的分散式技術
04:07
is blockchain.
81
247634
1167
就是區塊鏈。
04:09
Blockchain prevents digital money from being duplicated or hacked,
82
249367
4734
區塊鏈可以預防數位貨幣 被複製或被駭,
04:14
and it removes the need for a centralized authority,
83
254134
4600
有了它,也就不需要 集中式的管理機構,
04:18
such as a bank,
84
258767
1867
如銀行,
04:20
to validate transactions.
85
260634
1267
也能驗證交易。
04:21
And like Bitcoin, the record of ownership of an NFT
86
261901
5300
和比特幣一樣,
NFT 的所有權記錄
04:27
is kept in a public database on the internet
87
267201
3133
被保存在網路上的公用資料庫中,
04:30
that is maintained by millions of computers
88
270367
2067
由數百萬台電腦來維護,保持追蹤,
04:32
that keep track, via consensus,
89
272467
2867
用的是共識機制,
04:35
of all content origination and transactions.
90
275334
3300
所有內容來源和交易都能被追蹤。
04:38
At the Blockchain Lab at Georgia State University,
91
278634
2467
在喬治亞大學的區塊鍵實驗室中,
04:41
we study how to monetize creative labor
92
281134
2533
我們研究如何將創意勞力轉換為金錢,
04:43
using blockchains and other decentralized ledger technologies.
93
283667
3734
用的是區塊鍵及其他分散式記帳技術。
04:47
I believe that this technology in the form of NFTs
94
287434
3367
我相信,NFT 這種形式的技術
04:50
has the potential to humanize the internet
95
290834
2833
有潛力可以讓網際網路更人性化,
04:53
and to create an equitable foundation for its next phase: the metaverse.
96
293701
4966
並創造出更公正的基礎 給它的下一個階段:
元宇宙。
04:58
This decentralized business model gives financial power back to the creators
97
298667
5300
這種分散式的商業模式
能將財力還給創作者,
05:03
and reduces the power of the broker, the middleman
98
303967
3267
削減掮客、中間人的勢力,
05:07
and even social media platforms.
99
307267
2300
甚至社群媒體的勢力。
05:09
Amy Rader is a fine artist in Atlanta who shows in traditional galleries.
100
309601
4733
艾咪‧雷德是亞特蘭大的藝術家,
在傳統畫廊展出作品。
05:14
She created her first NFT
101
314367
2000
她創造了她的第一個 NFT,
05:16
so that she could expand to an online audience
102
316367
3000
讓她能拓展到線上觀眾群,
05:19
and to add a new revenue stream to increase her income.
103
319401
3433
並增加新的營收來源, 增加她的收入。
05:23
Here's a Greg Mike mural.
104
323701
1800
這是葛雷格‧麥克的壁畫。
05:25
If you're from Atlanta,
105
325534
1167
如果你來自亞特蘭大,你可能曾經
05:26
you have probably seen some of his work on walls and buildings.
106
326701
3866
在牆上及建築上看過他的作品。
05:30
Street art is not permanent,
107
330567
1900
街頭藝術不是永久的,
05:32
so how will an important cultural icon like Greg Mike
108
332501
3466
所以,像葛雷格‧麥克 這種重要的文化代表要如何
05:36
utilize this new creative economy?
109
336001
1633
運用這種新的創意經濟?
05:39
He is using the unique qualities of NFTs to innovate
110
339201
4066
他運用 NFT 的獨特特色
來創新並和其他藝術家 及音樂家合作,
05:43
and to collaborate with other artists and musicians
111
343267
2534
05:45
and connect with fans on the internet.
112
345801
1866
並在網路上和粉絲連結。
05:47
This way, his work will live on,
113
347701
2266
用這種方式,他的作品 就能留存下去,
05:49
and he can take the proceeds from the sales and resales
114
349967
3234
他也能用銷售及轉售的收益
05:53
and continue creating his art.
115
353201
2000
持續他的藝術創作。
05:55
Musicians can also capture their true value
116
355767
2767
音樂家也能用 NFT 來得到 他們的真正的價值。
05:58
using NFTs.
117
358567
1134
06:00
Atlanta music producer Dallas Austin
118
360034
2633
亞特蘭大的音樂製作人 達拉斯‧奧斯丁
06:02
is allowing fans to collect memorabilia of his great moments
119
362701
4066
讓粉絲可以收集紀念品,
紀念他在音樂史上的偉大時刻,
06:06
in music history,
120
366801
1300
06:08
similar to the way that NBA Top Shot
121
368134
2933
很類似 NBA Top Shot 平台,
06:11
is allowing basketball fans to collect historical replays as NFTs.
122
371067
5400
讓籃球迷可以
以 NFT 的形式收集歷史上的重播。
06:17
In the metaverse, humans are represented as avatars.
123
377101
3533
在元宇宙
是用虛擬化身來代表人。
06:20
An eight-year-old probably knows,
124
380967
1967
八歲小孩可能知道,
06:22
but did you know that you can buy clothes for your avatar?
125
382934
3300
但你知道你能為你的 虛擬化身買衣服嗎?
06:26
This is Kadine James.
126
386267
1567
這是凱汀‧詹姆士。
06:27
She is leading the way in digital fashion
127
387834
2133
她是數位時裝的開路先鋒,
06:30
that can only be worn in the virtual world.
128
390001
3066
數位時裝只能在虛擬世界穿著。
06:33
Today, Gucci sells sneakers that only exist in the virtual world,
129
393101
4333
現今,古馳有販售只能 在虛擬世界穿的運動鞋,
06:37
and you can never wear them,
130
397467
2300
你永遠穿不到,
06:39
but your avatar can.
131
399801
1466
但你的虛擬化身可以。
06:41
Alternatively,
132
401301
1233
有個替代方案,你可以用擴增實境
06:42
you can use augmented reality
133
402567
1534
06:44
to overlay virtual sneakers onto your in-real-life feet.
134
404134
4167
將虛擬運動鞋疊在 你真實世界中的腳上。
06:48
And because of NFTs,
135
408667
1567
因為有了 NFT,
06:50
anyone, not just well-known companies like Gucci,
136
410234
3400
任何人,不僅是古馳這種知名公司,
06:53
can create digital fashion to be bought, sold and worn in games,
137
413667
6034
都能創造數位時裝,
而可以購買、銷售、穿著它們的地方
包括遊戲裡、線上平台上,
06:59
online platforms
138
419734
2200
07:01
and even in avatar fashion shows.
139
421967
2000
甚至還有虛擬化身時裝秀。
07:04
Take the pioneer 18-year-old FEWOCiOUS,
140
424667
2600
以十八歲的先驅 FEWOCiOUS 為例,
07:07
who was way ahead of Gucci, with his crypto art and digital sneakers.
141
427301
4600
早在古馳之前,
他就在做加密藝術和數位運動鞋。
07:11
The use of augmented and virtual-reality fashion
142
431934
2733
擴增實境和虛擬實境的使用
07:14
is becoming mainstream,
143
434667
1267
正在成為主流,
07:15
but because NFTs as art and collectibles are so new,
144
435967
4434
但因為把 NFT 當作藝術 和收集品的概念還太新,
07:20
the predictions are too volatile for anyone to make.
145
440434
3533
難以做準確的預測。
07:24
But it is a sign that heavy hitters like Mark Cuban and Snoop Dogg
146
444601
4766
但有個徵兆,那就是馬克‧庫班 和史努比狗狗這些重要人物
07:29
are investing heavily.
147
449401
1466
都做了很大的投資。
07:31
This is the new frontier for artists and their fans.
148
451301
2800
對藝術家和他們的粉絲, 這是個新境界。
07:34
And just like in the real world,
149
454134
2233
和真實世界一樣,
07:36
and artist can sell a one-of-a-kind piece,
150
456401
3533
藝術家可以銷售獨一無二的作品,
07:39
make limited editions to control for scarcity,
151
459967
3100
用限定版的方式來掌控稀有性,
07:43
show in art galleries and market places.
152
463067
2534
並在畫廊及市場上展示作品。
07:46
But with NFTs,
153
466801
2066
但,換成是 NFT,
07:48
you can also sell directly to your buyer without an intermediary,
154
468867
4900
你還可以直接銷售給 你的買家,不需要中間人,
07:53
collect royalties on all future resales,
155
473801
3600
也能從未來的轉售收到權利金,
07:57
expand your audience to the entire internet,
156
477401
3033
將你的觀眾群拓展到整個網路,
08:00
show in virtual galleries and virtual worlds
157
480467
3700
在虛擬畫廊和虛擬世界中展示作品,
08:04
and sell 3D objects and clothes to virtual humans.
158
484167
3400
還能賣 3D 物品 和服裝給虛擬人類。
08:09
OK, so how does this work,
159
489034
1733
好,所以這是怎麼運作的?
08:10
and how do you get involved as an artist?
160
490801
2033
若你是藝術家,要如何參與?
08:13
Your artwork is a digital file.
161
493667
2067
你的藝術作品是個數位檔案。
08:16
To protect this file
162
496634
1700
為了保護這個檔案,
08:18
and capture the value of your labor in perpetuity,
163
498367
3767
並永久性地取得 你的勞力所代表的價值,
08:22
you go to a digital goods marketplace and "mint" it,
164
502167
3300
你要到一個數位商品市場 去「鑄造」它,
08:25
meaning you register your work as a token, for a fee, on the blockchain.
165
505467
6167
意即將你的作品註冊,
成為區塊鏈上的一個代幣, 並支付手續費。
08:32
It will contain a signature, time stamp,
166
512667
2900
它會包含一個簽名、
時間戳記,
08:35
and any rules around its resale.
167
515567
2134
以及將它轉售的相關規則。
08:38
Once you’ve minted your work and you want to sell it,
168
518867
4000
一旦鑄造好了你的作品, 你想要把它賣掉,
08:42
you connect with your community
169
522867
1634
你要和你的客群連結,
08:44
and let them know that your NFT has "dropped,"
170
524534
3367
讓他們知道,你的 NFT 已經在「拍賣」了,
08:47
meaning it is for sale.
171
527901
1533
也就是在販售中。
08:50
It is important to note
172
530434
2033
有一點很重要,要注意,
08:52
that all the same rules that make for good art and business
173
532467
5000
構成好藝術和好生意的所有規則,
08:57
apply in the virtual world:
174
537501
1600
也適用於虛擬世界:
08:59
a strong connection to your followers,
175
539901
3600
和你的追隨者有很強的連結、
09:03
an authentic or compelling story
176
543534
2867
真實或有說服力的故事,
09:06
and consistent output and work ethic.
177
546434
2967
以及一貫的產出和工作倫理。
09:11
So who will buy your art,
178
551634
1767
誰會買你的藝術品?
09:13
or how do you get involved as a collector?
179
553401
2366
或者,收藏家要如何參與?
09:15
Buyers go to the same marketplaces that artists use.
180
555801
3566
買家也要去藝術家使用的那些市場。
09:19
There, you look for art that you appreciate
181
559401
3000
你在那裡尋找你欣賞的藝術品,
09:22
and artists you want a direct connection with.
182
562434
2333
以及你想要直接連結的藝術家。
09:25
Some people invest because the artwork resonates with them,
183
565734
3667
有些人投資,是因為 該藝術品能和他們產生共鳴,
09:29
or they recognize great talent,
184
569434
2633
或者他們能辨識出偉大的才華,
09:32
or they see a potential for that artist to play a significant part in history.
185
572067
6134
或者他們看得見那名藝術家有潛力
在歷史上扮演重要角色。
09:40
Once purchased directly from the artist,
186
580001
3633
一旦直接向藝術家購買之後,
09:43
you store your NFTs in your digital wallet.
187
583667
2867
你的 NFT 就會存在 你的數位錢包中。
09:46
From there,
188
586567
1200
從那裡,
09:47
you can show on screens and online marketplaces,
189
587767
4300
你就可以展示在螢幕上、
線上市場裡,
09:52
or in galleries, such as RareRooms,
190
592101
2766
或畫廊裡,
如 RareRooms,
09:54
a blockchain innovation by Atlanta's GigLabs.
191
594867
3434
它是亞特蘭大的 GigLabs 創建的區塊鍵創新市場。
09:58
And with NFTs, a buyer knows their art is fair trade,
192
598301
4066
有 NFT,買家就能知道 他們的藝術品交易是公平的,
10:02
transactions are transparent,
193
602367
1700
交易是透明的,
10:04
and the ecosystem is equitable.
194
604101
2233
生態系統是公正的。
10:06
The metaverse is a place where we will spend
195
606367
2234
我們將來會投入更多時間, 生活在元宇宙裡。
10:08
more and more of our lives.
196
608634
1733
10:10
Who builds it, who owns it and how it is built
197
610401
3333
誰建造它、誰擁有它、如何建造它
10:13
will determine what this world becomes.
198
613767
3267
將會決定這個世界變成什麼樣子。
10:17
But just like the real world,
199
617067
1867
但,就如同真實世界,
10:18
the metaverse is very complex,
200
618967
2000
元宇宙非常複雜,
10:21
and there are many problems yet to be solved.
201
621001
2800
也還有很多問題有待解決。
10:23
And that is where you come in.
202
623834
1733
這就需要靠各位了。
10:25
You are the future,
203
625601
1200
你們是未來,
10:26
a digital citizen
204
626834
1433
數位公民,
10:28
whose responsibility it is to be a good steward to the metaverse,
205
628301
4700
你們的責任是
好好扮演元宇宙的管理人,
10:33
making sure that it is diverse, equitable, accessible and sustainable.
206
633034
5667
確保它是多樣性的、
公正的、容易進入的,
以及永續的。
10:40
This is just the beginning of the decentralized movement.
207
640034
3233
這只是分散式運動的開端。
10:44
NFTs will revolutionize most online industries,
208
644301
3800
NFT 會徹底改變大部分線上產業,
10:48
but it is starting with the creative economy.
209
648101
2400
但會先從創作經濟開始。
10:51
While nothing in this talk is financial advice,
210
651867
3100
雖然本演說的內容都不是財務建議,
10:55
it is definitely educational encouragement.
211
655001
2233
但絕對是教育性的鼓勵。
10:57
And why not start learning through art?
212
657967
2600
為什麼不透過藝術開始學習?
11:01
Jump in.
213
661167
1167
跳進來。
11:02
We need you.
214
662334
1167
我們需要你。
11:04
I would like to thank the artists who provided the art for this talk,
215
664701
4700
我要感謝提供藝術品 給本演說使用的藝術家,
11:09
all of which are embedded in the blockchain
216
669434
2667
這些作品都嵌入在區塊鏈中,
11:12
as NFTs, non-fungible tokens.
217
672134
2933
都是 NFT,非同質化代幣。
關於本網站

本網站將向您介紹對學習英語有用的 YouTube 視頻。 您將看到來自世界各地的一流教師教授的英語課程。 雙擊每個視頻頁面上顯示的英文字幕,從那裡播放視頻。 字幕與視頻播放同步滾動。 如果您有任何意見或要求,請使用此聯繫表與我們聯繫。

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7