Lessons from the Past on Adapting to Climate Change | Laprisha Berry Daniels | TED

翻译人员: Fangxi Qin 校对人员: Lening Xu

Thank you, and welcome to Detroit.

谢谢，欢迎来到底特律。

Has anyone told you how we greet each other here yet?

有人讲过在这儿我们怎么打招呼吗？

“What up doe?”

“你好啊，朋友”。

Not "what up, dog?"

不是 “你好啊，盆友”。

“What up doe.”

“你好啊，朋友”。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Very well.

很好。

In Detroit, in 2021, we experienced a 100-year flood.

2021 年，底特律遭遇了 百年一见的大洪水。

A rain event dumped seven inches of rain on Detroit.

一场大雨的降雨量高达 7 英寸。

Cars were stranded on highways,

汽车滞留在高速公路上，

people were literally swimming and kayaking down residential streets.

人们在街道上游泳和划皮划艇。

Homes, businesses, infrastructure were inundated with heavy rainfall,

强降雨淹没了房屋、企业和基础设施。

resulting in over a billion dollars in flood damages.

洪水造成了超过十亿美元的损失。

It was unlike anything we had seen before.

这与我们以前见过的任何灾害都不同。

Wait a minute, that's not true.

等一下，不对。

Because, in 2014 ...

因为，在 2014 年，

Detroit had a 100-year flood.

底特律也有一场百年一遇的洪水。

Four to six inches of rain were dumped on Detroit.

底特律的降水量达到了四到六英寸。

Cars were stranded on highways,

汽车滞留在高速公路上，

people were literally swimming and kayaking down residential streets.

人们在街道上游泳和划皮划艇。

Homes, businesses and infrastructure

房屋、企业和基础设施，

were inundated with heavy rainfall

都被暴雨淹没，

and sustained over a billion dollars in flood damages.

洪水造成了超过十亿美元的损失。

Now I'm no mathematician,

我不是数学家，

but 2014 to 2021 is not 100 years.

但是 2014 年到 2021 年 不到 100 年。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

I am a public health social worker,

我是一名公共卫生社会工作者，

and what that means is I focus on developing interventions

这意味着我专注于制定干预措施，

that help to improve the health and well-being

帮助提高个人和社区的健康福祉，

of individuals and communities.

尤其是防止伤害的发生。

In particular, I'm concerned with preventing harm.

I think there are ways that we can learn from the past

我认为，我们可以吸取过往的教训，

in order to apply some lessons so that we do better when preparing

更好地准备以应对

for near-future and distant-future climate crises.

近期和远期的气候危机。

So let's start by thinking about the past.

我们先从过去讲起。

My grandparents were born and raised in a small town in the southern US,

我的祖父母在美国南部的一个小镇，

Boligee, Alabama.

阿拉巴马州的博利吉出生和长大。

They decided, like many families in the '50s,

他们和 50 年代的许多家庭一样，

to leave the South and to move north,

决定离开南方，向北迁移，

to pursue a better life.

追求更好的生活。

In particular, my grandfather

特别是我的祖父，

wanted to leave the agricultural industry and find work in the automotive industry.

他想脱离农业，在汽车行业工作。

So my grandparents, Martha and Booker O'Neil,

因此，我的祖父母玛莎和布克·奥尼尔，

packed up their four children, their hopes and dreams,

带上四个孩子以及他们的希望和梦想、

their practices and prayers, their tried-and-true traditions,

他们的修行和祈祷、 他们久经考验的传统，

and headed north.

向着北方出发。

Boligee was a small farming town with about nine surnames,

博利吉是一个农业小镇， 有大约九个姓氏，

about 150 residents,

有 150 名左右的居民，

and the cows outnumbered the people.

奶牛的数量比人口还多。

It was very different than Detroit.

和底特律有很大的区别。

Detroit was wildly different.

底特律是完全不同的。

At the time, it was the fifth-largest city in the US,

那时，底特律是美国第五大城市，

so it had a little over a million residents,

有超过一百万的居民，

busy streets, an active nightlife.

有繁忙的街道，活跃的夜生活。

What they experienced when they came here

他们来到这里时所经历的变化，

could be considered, in some senses of the word,

从某种意义上来说， 可以被当做是气候变化。

climate change.

I know that's different

我知道，这和我们平时 对气候变化的认知不同，

than how we usually think about climate change,

but stay with me, I'll make sense of it as we go.

但是再继续往下听，我会讲明白的。

When families moved here from the South,

当全家人从南方搬到这里时，

they experienced weather in ways that they never experienced it before,

他们感受到的天气是前所未有的，

a lot like what we're experiencing right now, across the globe, right?

和现在全世界正在经历的很像吧？

They had to contend with snow in Detroit

他们不得不应对底特律的大雪，

and very short and mild summers

和非常短暂温和的夏天。

that really didn't compare to the summer heat that they were used to.

这和他们习惯的炎热夏天， 完全不能相提并论。

There are two definitions of climate.

气候有两个定义。

The first is the one that we all expect to talk about

第一个， 是我们都希望在本次峰会谈论的：

during this summit:

"Climate: the general weather conditions usually found in a particular place."

“气候：通常在一个特定的地方 发现的一般天气状况。”

And then, there's another definition of climate

我们稍后将讨论， 气候的另一种定义，

that we'll get to later,

and talk about how that affects climate change.

并讨论它如何影响气候变化。

For the first time ever,

有史以来第一次，

families that arrived here from the South were experiencing this new climate.

从南方搬来的家庭经历了新的气候。

And they had to have strategies in order to adjust to the new climate.

而且必须制定策略来适应新的气候。

They used three key strategies --

他们使用了三种关键战略——

acceptance, aid and adaptation.

接受、援助和适应。

So first, acceptance.

先说接受。

They had to acknowledge

他们必须要知道的是，

that they would not experience the weather the same way they had in the past.

他们现在生活的气候 和以前完全不一样了。

They had to recognize that they could not deny, avoid or alter it.

他们必须认识到这个事实， 而且他们无法否认、回避或改变它。

As we do a better job of accepting that this is our new climate,

当我们能更好地接受新气候时，

then we could do a better job of planning, preparing, responding and recovering.

那么我们可以在计划、准备、 应对和恢复方面也就能做得更好。

We have to realize that climate change is not a distal threat.

我们必须认识到， 气候变化不是一种遥远的威胁。

It is at our front doors,

它已经来到我们的家门口了，

or in the case of Detroit during the floods,

或者就洪水期间的底特律而言，

in our basements.

气候变化已经来到了地下室了。

The second strategy they used was aid.

他们使用的第二种策略是援助。

When folks arrived here in the city, they set up communities,

当人们来到这座城市时， 他们建立了社区，

communities of mutual aid,

互助的群体，

where they helped and supported each other.

以便人们互相帮助和支持彼此。

They helped each other find housing, and jobs and land to grow food.

在寻找住房、寻找工作， 寻找种植粮食的土地上都互相帮助。

In part, our ability to adjust to climate change

在某种程度上， 我们适应气候变化的能力，

is reliant upon our willingness to support each other.

取决于我们相互支持的意愿。

In 2014 and 2021, when there were floods in Detroit,

2014 年和 2021 年， 底特律发生洪水时，

residents responded.

居民们积极响应。

Neighbors, congregations, friends responded,

邻居们、会众们、朋友们纷纷响应，

when government was not nimble enough

就在政府无法快速应对，

to respond to the critical needs of community members.

社区人民紧急需求的时候。

The third way that they survived this new climate was adaptation.

在新气候下生存的第三种方式是适应。

They had to recognize that it was important to invest

他们必须认识到，想要适应新的气候， 花钱购买需要的工具的重要性。

in the tools that they would need in order to adapt to this new climate.

They had to get shovels.

他们必须有铲子。

They had to have sand and salt to deal with icy conditions,

他们必须有沙子和盐来应对冰冷的天气。

they had to cover their windows with plastic

他们必须用塑料遮住窗户， 以防止冷风进入。

to keep the cold winds from coming in.

We must take action to adapt

我们必须采取行动，

for our current and near-future climate change,

适应当前和即将到来的气候变化，

and it will take us all --

这将需要我们所有人——

community members, community organizations,

社区成员、社区组织、

business, industry, local government

企业、行业、地方政府。

must come up with plans, and then put those plans into action.

我们必须制定计划， 然后将计划付诸行动。

In the '50s, many who migrated north

在 50 年代，许多移居北方的人们，

thought that they would escape Jim Crow laws.

认为他们可以避开吉姆·克劳法案。

What they found is a new form of racism in the North.

但他们在北方发现了一种新的种族主义。

Bigotry, racism and discrimination

偏见、种族主义和歧视，

limited their access to healthy housing,

限制了他们获得好的住房、

the best neighborhoods, the best jobs,

最好的社区、最好的工作、

political power, et cetera.

以及政治权利，等等。

In the '20s,

在 20 年代、

the 2020s ...

2020 年代，

bigotry, racism, discrimination

偏见、种族主义和歧视，

limit access to healthy housing, the best neighborhoods,

限制人们获得好的住房、最好的社区、

political power --

以及政治权力。

you know where I'm going with this.

你们知道我要说的是什么。

It is important, then, that we pay attention

因此我们必须关注，

to the second definition of climate,

气候的第二个定义，

and that has to do with the social conditions

而与此相关的，

and political conditions

是社会状况，政治条件，

and feelings and opinions

感受和意见，

that get in the way of us making progress on climate change

这些会阻碍我们在气候变化，

and in other areas that we're trying to make progress in.

以及一些其他相关领域上取得进展。

So the three strategies are acceptance, aid and adaptation.

接受、援助和适应这三种策略。

When we're looking at climate change, we also have to be mindful

当我们审视气候变化时， 我们还必须注意，

of how social and political conditions can stifle progress

社会和政治条件可以扼杀进展，

and get in the way of our progress

在我们准备和计划应对气候变化时， 阻碍我们的进展。

toward preparing and planning for climate change.

Being thoughtful about how we apply these three key strategies

我们必须仔细思考，

that worked in the past

如何将曾经有效的三种关键策略， 应用到我们当前的环境中，

to our present circumstances,

while remembering to center community voices

并且要同时记住以社区的发声为中心，

and experience and honor community assets

体验和尊重社区资产，

is our best bet at success.

是我们成功的最佳选择。

In 2014, it rained,

2014 年，下雨了。

and we were surprised and not prepared.

我们措手不及，毫无准备。

In 2021,

2021 年，

we weren't that surprised,

我们并没有那么惊讶，

but still ill-prepared.

但仍然准备不足。

It's going to rain again, no surprise.

意料之中的是，雨还会下的。

We have to make sure that we're prepared.

我们必须确保做好了准备。

We can be prepared for the next climate-related crisis,

我们为下一次 与气候相关的危机做好准备，

by accepting that climate change is our current reality,

接受气候变化这一当前现实。

creating and supporting formal and informal systems of mutual aid,

建立并支持官方与民间的互助体系，

and adapting our thinking and our actions to prepare

让我们的思想和行动都准备好，

for current and future crises.

迎接当前和未来的气候相关的危机。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）