Lessons from the Past on Adapting to Climate Change | Laprisha Berry Daniels | TED

譯者: C Leung 審譯者: 麗玲 辛

Thank you, and welcome to Detroit.

謝謝，歡迎來到底特律。

Has anyone told you how we greet each other here yet?

有沒有人告訴過你， 我們在這裡如何打招呼？

“What up doe?”

“What up doe?” （嗨！最近好嗎？）

Not "what up, dog?"

不是 “What up, dog?”

“What up doe.”

”What up doe?” （嗨！最近在幹嘛？）

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Very well.

很好。

In Detroit, in 2021, we experienced a 100-year flood.

2021 年，在底特律， 我們經歷了百年一遇的洪災。

A rain event dumped seven inches of rain on Detroit.

一場降雨為底特律帶來七英寸的雨量。

Cars were stranded on highways,

汽車滯留在高速公路上，

people were literally swimming and kayaking down residential streets.

人們在住宅區街道上游泳、 划皮艇，毫不誇張。

Homes, businesses, infrastructure were inundated with heavy rainfall,

房屋、企業、基礎設施 都被暴雨淹沒，

resulting in over a billion dollars in flood damages.

洪災造成超過十億美元的損失。

It was unlike anything we had seen before.

這與我們以前見過的都不一樣。 我們從來沒見過這種景象。

Wait a minute, that's not true.

等一下，我說的不對。

Because, in 2014 ...

因為，在 2014 年…

Detroit had a 100-year flood.

底特律遇到百年一遇的洪水。

Four to six inches of rain were dumped on Detroit.

底特律降下了四到六英寸的雨量。

Cars were stranded on highways,

汽車滯留在高速公路上，

people were literally swimming and kayaking down residential streets.

人們在住宅區街道上游泳、划皮艇。

Homes, businesses and infrastructure

房屋、企業和基礎設施，

were inundated with heavy rainfall

都被暴雨淹沒，

and sustained over a billion dollars in flood damages.

洪災造成超過十億美元的損失。

Now I'm no mathematician,

我不是數學家，

but 2014 to 2021 is not 100 years.

但從 2014 到 2021， 不到 100 年。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

I am a public health social worker,

我是一名公共衛生社會工作者，

and what that means is I focus on developing interventions

這意味著我專注於制定干預措施，

that help to improve the health and well-being

以助改善個人和社區的健康和福祉。

of individuals and communities.

In particular, I'm concerned with preventing harm.

我特別關注預防傷害。

I think there are ways that we can learn from the past

我認為我們可以從過去吸取教訓，

in order to apply some lessons so that we do better when preparing

這樣當我們為不久和遙遠將來的 氣候危機做準備時，

for near-future and distant-future climate crises.

我們會做得更好。

So let's start by thinking about the past.

那麼，讓我們先回顧一下過去。

My grandparents were born and raised in a small town in the southern US,

我的祖父母在美國南部阿拉巴馬州，

博利吉的一個小鎮出生及成長。

Boligee, Alabama.

They decided, like many families in the '50s,

像許多 50 年代的家庭一樣，

to leave the South and to move north,

他們決定離開南方，搬到北方，

to pursue a better life.

追求更好的生活。

In particular, my grandfather

特别是，我的祖父想離開農業，

wanted to leave the agricultural industry and find work in the automotive industry.

並在汽車產業找工作。

So my grandparents, Martha and Booker O'Neil,

於是我的祖父母－ 瑪莎和布克·奧尼爾，

packed up their four children, their hopes and dreams,

帶著他們四個孩子、 他們的希望和夢想，

their practices and prayers, their tried-and-true traditions,

他們的實踐和祈禱、 久經考驗的傳統，

and headed north.

向北出發。

Boligee was a small farming town with about nine surnames,

博利吉是一個農業小鎮， 大約只有九個姓氏，

about 150 residents,

居民約 150 人，

and the cows outnumbered the people.

奶牛數量超過了人口。

It was very different than Detroit.

它與底特律非常不同。

Detroit was wildly different.

底特律截然不同。

At the time, it was the fifth-largest city in the US,

當時，它是美國第五大城市，

so it had a little over a million residents,

因此它有略多於一百萬的居民，

busy streets, an active nightlife.

繁忙的街道，活躍的夜生活。

What they experienced when they came here

他們來到這裡時所經歷的，

could be considered, in some senses of the word,

從某種意義上來說，可以被視為

climate change.

氣候變化。

I know that's different

我知道這與我們平時

than how we usually think about climate change,

對氣候變化的看法有所不同，

but stay with me, I'll make sense of it as we go.

但請聽我說，我會逐步讓你理解。

When families moved here from the South,

當我的家人從南方搬到這裡時，

they experienced weather in ways that they never experienced it before,

他們經歷了以前從未經歷過的天氣，

a lot like what we're experiencing right now, across the globe, right?

就像我們現正於 全球各地經歷的那樣，對嗎？

They had to contend with snow in Detroit

他們必須應對底特律的大雪

and very short and mild summers

和非常短暫而溫和的夏天，

that really didn't compare to the summer heat that they were used to.

這與他們習慣的夏季炎熱 根本不能相提並論。

There are two definitions of climate.

氣候有兩種定義。

The first is the one that we all expect to talk about

第一種是我們都希望 在本次峰會期間討論的：

during this summit:

"Climate: the general weather conditions usually found in a particular place."

「氣候：在特定地點出現的 一般天氣狀況。」

And then, there's another definition of climate

然後，我們等一下會討論 氣候的另一個定義，

that we'll get to later,

並討論它如何影響氣候變化。

and talk about how that affects climate change.

For the first time ever,

從南方來到這裡的家庭，

families that arrived here from the South were experiencing this new climate.

有史以來第一次體驗到這種新氣候。

And they had to have strategies in order to adjust to the new climate.

而且他們必須制定策略來適應新氣候。

They used three key strategies --

他們使用了三個關鍵策略——

acceptance, aid and adaptation.

接受、援助和適應。

So first, acceptance.

首先是接受。

They had to acknowledge

他們必須承認，

that they would not experience the weather the same way they had in the past.

他們不會像過去那樣地 體驗相同的天氣。

They had to recognize that they could not deny, avoid or alter it.

他們必須認識到 他們無法否認、避開或改變它。

As we do a better job of accepting that this is our new climate,

當我們更能接受 這就是我們的新氣候時，

then we could do a better job of planning, preparing, responding and recovering.

我們就可以在規劃、準備、 應對和恢復方面做得更好。

We have to realize that climate change is not a distal threat.

我們必須認識到， 氣候變化並非是遙遠的威脅。

It is at our front doors,

它就在我們面前，

or in the case of Detroit during the floods,

或以底特律洪災的狀況來說，

in our basements.

就是在我們的地下室裡。

The second strategy they used was aid.

他們使用的第二個策略是援助。

When folks arrived here in the city, they set up communities,

當人們到達這座城市，

他們建立了社區，互助的社區，

communities of mutual aid,

where they helped and supported each other.

互相幫助和支持彼此。

他們互相幫助，尋找住房、 工作和種植糧食的土地。

They helped each other find housing, and jobs and land to grow food.

In part, our ability to adjust to climate change

某程度上，我們適應氣候變化的能力

is reliant upon our willingness to support each other.

取決於我們相互支持的意願。

In 2014 and 2021, when there were floods in Detroit,

2014 和 2021 年， 底特律發生洪災時，

residents responded.

居民作出因應。

Neighbors, congregations, friends responded,

鄰居、教會、朋友都作出了因應，

when government was not nimble enough

因為當時政府不夠靈活，

to respond to the critical needs of community members.

無法滿足社區成員的關鍵需求。

The third way that they survived this new climate was adaptation.

他們在這種新氣候中 生存的第三種方式是適應。

They had to recognize that it was important to invest

他們必須認識到，

要適應這種新氣候， 投資所需的工具非常重要。

in the tools that they would need in order to adapt to this new climate.

They had to get shovels.

他們必須有鏟子，

They had to have sand and salt to deal with icy conditions,

他們必須有沙子和鹽 來應對結冰情況，

they had to cover their windows with plastic

他們必須用塑膠覆蓋窗戶

to keep the cold winds from coming in.

以防止冷風吹入。

We must take action to adapt

我們必須採取行動

for our current and near-future climate change,

適應當前和不久將來的氣候變化，

and it will take us all --

這將需要我們眾人——

community members, community organizations,

社區成員、社區組織、

business, industry, local government

企業、業界、地方政府，

must come up with plans, and then put those plans into action.

都必須制定計劃， 然後將這些計劃付諸行動。

In the '50s, many who migrated north

在 50 年代，許多北遷的人

thought that they would escape Jim Crow laws.

以為他們可以避開吉姆．克勞法 （種族隔離制度的法律）。

What they found is a new form of racism in the North.

但他們發現北方 有另一種新式的種族主義。

Bigotry, racism and discrimination

偏執、種族主義和歧視

limited their access to healthy housing,

讓他們無法獲得健康住房、

the best neighborhoods, the best jobs,

最好的社區、最好的工作、

political power, et cetera.

政治權力等等。

In the '20s,

在 20 年代、

the 2020s ...

2020 年代......

bigotry, racism, discrimination

偏執、種族主義、歧視

limit access to healthy housing, the best neighborhoods,

限制人們獲得健康住房、 最好的社區、政治權力的機會——

political power --

你知道我要說什麼的。

you know where I'm going with this.

It is important, then, that we pay attention

因此，重要的是我們要關注

to the second definition of climate,

氣候的第二個定義，

and that has to do with the social conditions

它與社會狀況、政治情勢、

and political conditions

and feelings and opinions

感受和觀點有關，

that get in the way of us making progress on climate change

這些阻礙了我們在氣候變化

and in other areas that we're trying to make progress in.

以及其他我們正在 追求進步的領域上的進展。

So the three strategies are acceptance, aid and adaptation.

這三種策略是接受、援助和適應。

When we're looking at climate change, we also have to be mindful

當我們關注氣候變化時，我們還要注意

of how social and political conditions can stifle progress

社會和政治狀況如何抑制進步，

and get in the way of our progress

並阻礙我們為氣候變化 做準備和規劃上取得進展。

toward preparing and planning for climate change.

Being thoughtful about how we apply these three key strategies

要深思熟慮如何將 過去有效的這三個關鍵策略

that worked in the past

to our present circumstances,

應用於當前的環境中，

while remembering to center community voices

同時牢記，以社區意見和經驗為中心，

and experience and honor community assets

並尊重社區資產，

is our best bet at success.

就是我們成功的最佳選擇。

In 2014, it rained,

2014 年，下雨了，

and we were surprised and not prepared.

我們很驚訝，毫無準備。

In 2021,

2021 年，

we weren't that surprised,

我們沒有那麼驚訝了，

but still ill-prepared.

但仍然準備不足。

It's going to rain again, no surprise.

又將下雨了，不足為奇。

We have to make sure that we're prepared.

我們要確保我們已作好準備。

We can be prepared for the next climate-related crisis,

我們能為下一次 與氣候相關的危機做好準備，

by accepting that climate change is our current reality,

靠著接受氣候變化 就是我們當前的現實，

creating and supporting formal and informal systems of mutual aid,

建立和支持正式和非正式的互助體系，

and adapting our thinking and our actions to prepare

並調整我們的思維和行動，

以應對當前和未來的危機，

for current and future crises.

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）