How to Tackle the Stigma of Living with HIV | Gareth Thomas | TED

翻译人员: Annie Qiu

My life is reflected in my tattoos,

我的刺青反映了我的人生。

and you're going to have to trust me when I say that I've got a lot of them.

相信我，我身上真的有很多刺青。

My body art tells a story.

我的人体艺术（刺青）讲述了一个故事。

Now, my HIV tattoo is on one of my kneecaps,

我的艾滋病病毒（HIV）刺青在我的膝盖骨上。

which is the joint that,

这个关节，

through a career of playing professional rugby,

在我整个橄榄球 职业生涯中被伤得粉碎，

was shot to pieces,

but somehow managed to get me through one of the world's toughest Ironmen.

但它仍旧支撑我 完成了世界最难的铁人三项之一。

And also, more recently,

以及我最近完成的一场半马拉松。

a half-marathon.

Now, I did these to show what living with HIV is like now,

我做的这些是为了展示现如今 感染HIV后的生活状况，

and also to illustrate that HIV doesn't restrict what I'm capable of doing

也想说明HIV病毒并没有 限制我身体或精神的能力。

physically or mentally.

The skull is dark, ghoulish, threatening.

骷髅是黑暗、阴森、有威胁性的。

It represents the imminent death that I felt awaited me

它代表我刚拿到诊断结果时， 感到死亡正迫在眉睫的心情。

when I first had my diagnosis.

The wings underneath the skull of my tattoo

有双翅膀在我的骷髅纹身下，

signify the freedom I felt when I finally found my voice.

它代表着当我终于找回 我的声音时的自由，

It was almost like the dead man coming back to life.

仿佛死而复生。

The crown that adorns the skull's head

装饰着骷髅头顶的皇冠，

shows me as someone willing to lead from the front,

展示了我是一位愿意在前面领导的人，

who wanted to take the campaign against discrimination and misinformation forward,

我渴望推进 反抗歧视与谣言的运动，

who wanted to celebrate and highlight people's truth,

我希望赞美和彰显人类的真实，

never asking people to do something I wouldn't.

我绝不会要求别人做我不会做的事。

Now, I haven't always been like this.

各位，我并不是一直有这样的心态。

In 2019, I was blackmailed

在 2019 年，有个人勒索我，

by somebody who wanted money for their silence.

希望用我的金钱换他的沉默。

Also, in that year, a journalist went to my parents' house,

还有，同一年，一位记者跑到我父母家，

knocked on their door,

敲开他们的家门，

and asked my parents to make comment on my HIV status.

要求他们为我的艾滋感染状况做出评论。

Now at this point, I hadn't even told my parents myself.

当时，我自己都还没有告诉父母这件事。

That forced me into telling the world about my HIV diagnosis

这件事逼我向全世界公开 我感染艾滋病毒的诊断，

way before I was ready.

但我那时压根没准备好公开。

I was still reeling from the stigma of the diagnosis.

我那时还在被诊断的病耻感中感到眩晕。

Now stigma is when people are seen in a negative way

耻辱感指的是当人因自己的某项特征

due to a certain characteristic,

被他人冷眼看待，

such as race, disability, sexuality or health challenges.

比如种族、残疾、性取向、或健康问题。

And it ends up with them making a moral judgment about people,

结果就是人们因此做出道德判断，

and it affects the way they treat them.

并影响人们对待他人的方式。

Now, I have spent my entire adult life in the public eye.

我成年后的所有日子都在大众眼下度过。

I'm an ex-professional Rugby Union player,

我先前是专业的橄榄球联盟球手，

I played 100 times for my country, Wales,

我为我的祖国威尔士打过 100 次球，

captained the British and Irish Lions.

曾是英国和爱尔兰雄狮队队长。

I always felt like I had the crowds cheering me on from the grandstands.

我一直觉得有成群的观众 站在大看台上给我喝彩。

Since then, I've presented and appeared on many TV shows.

从那之后，我上过许多的电视节目。

I've had an amazing life.

我的日子曾经过得非常滋润。

I felt loved by those around me and by my country.

我感受到周边的人和我的祖国对我的爱。

I was this strong, tough rugby player

我曾是个强壮，彪悍的橄榄球选手，

who came from a simple working-class background

出身普通，来自一个蓝领家庭，

to be one of the very best at this sport.

后来成为这项运动最优秀的球员之一。

I was married to a woman, but I was living a lie.

我和一位女人结了婚， 但我那时活在谎言里。

So in 2009,

当在 2009 年，

when I became the first openly gay male professional Rugby Union player,

当我成为橄榄球职业联盟球员中 第一位公开的男同性恋时，

it was a defining moment for me,

是我人生中一个决定性时刻，

for sport and for society.

也同是体育界和社会的决定性时刻。

And even though it felt like a breakthrough moment,

虽然当时感觉像是个突破性的瞬间，

sadly, very few followed my path since.

可惜之后没有多少人跟随了我的脚步。

I am now living with HIV.

我现在带着艾滋病病毒生活着。

It took me a long while to process it at first,

起初，我花了很久才接受这件事，

because I'd gone from a man who had won every trophy that he had ever dreamt of

因为我从一个赢得了他所有 梦寐以求的奖杯的男人

to someone who, all of a sudden, was living a lie,

突然转变成一个生活在谎言里的人，

who was ashamed, embarrassed, isolated,

深受羞耻、尴尬、被孤立，

afraid I was going to die,

害怕自己死去，

afraid to tell anyone,

害怕告诉任何一个人，

afraid to tell my family,

害怕告诉我的家人，

afraid I was going to lose everything and everyone

怕自己通过无数的努力得来的所有东西、

that I'd worked so hard for and I loved so much.

爱过的所有人， 被自己丢光。

I was afraid that from now on, I would be defined by a virus.

我害怕从今以后， 我将被一个病毒定义。

Now, I've felt the devastating impact of stigma and shame,

现在，正因为我经历过被污名化和羞耻 带给我的毁灭性影响，

and that is why I am determined to change the way people perceive HIV

这就是为什么我下定决心 要改变人们对艾滋病病毒

and other stigmatized conditions.

和其他被污名化的疾病的看法。

And here's why.

原因是：

The stigma and shame that I felt was medically unfounded.

我受到的污名和羞辱 毫无医学依据。

Science and medicine has come such a long way in the last 20 years,

科技与医疗在过去二十年内进步飞速，

especially around HIV,

尤其是针对艾滋病病毒的医疗科技，

that it should be celebrated way more than it is.

它应该得到更多隆重的庆祝与赞美。

But people's attitudes lag way behind.

但是人们对它的态度却远远落后于此。

The fact is, I take one tablet a day.

事实上，我每天只吃一粒药片。

Modern medicine prevents my HIV progressing into AIDS.

现代医药防止我的病毒发展成艾滋病。

It suppresses the virus in my body,

它抑制在我体内的病毒，

which means it becomes undetectable,

使它们低到无法测量的水平。

which means I cannot transmit it to my husband.

这也意味着我不会 将它传染给我的丈夫。

And I live a normal, happy, healthy life.

我过着正常、快乐、健康的生活。

I really do. Trust me, I have never been happier.

我真的这么认为。 相信我，我从未如此快乐过。

(Cheers and applause)

（欢呼与掌声）

Now, in the 1980s,

话说回来，在80 年代时，

HIV was positioned as a death sentence.

感染艾滋病病毒被视为死刑。

It was reported as "the gay plague."

报道称它为 ”同性恋瘟疫。”

And those myths and misunderstandings still exist today.

而这些谣言和误区至今依然存在。

And levels of awareness of what it is to live with HIV

对与艾滋病病毒共存的生活的了解

remain way too low.

依旧非常缺乏。

Now I can tell you I still experience stigma today,

我至今都能感受到类似的偏见，

whether it's people moving away from me in a restaurant

比如去饭店时，人们躲着我，

or people not wanting to shake my hand.

或者是别人不愿意和我握手。

Now people act like that out of a sense of fear,

人们有这些表现是出于恐惧，

out of a sense of wanting to keep themselves safe.

出于保护自己的安全。

But what it does, it creates a sense of shame.

但是它所造成的， 是一种羞耻感。

And that shame means more people acquire the virus

这种羞耻感导致当更多人被病毒感染时，

and fewer people get early treatment,

更少的人能趁早接受治疗，

because most people think that HIV doesn't affect them,

因为绝大多数人认为 艾滋病病毒与他们无关，

that it only affects gay and bisexual men,

只会影响同性恋与双性恋的男性，

when globally, 54 percent of the people living with HIV are female.

但全球 54% 与艾滋病病毒共存的人 其实是女性。

And in England, in 2020,

而英国在 2020 年

for the first time in a decade,

异性恋人群中新增的艾滋病毒感染病例

there was more new cases of HIV among heterosexual people

than there were amongst gay and bisexual men.

十年来首次超过了 男同性恋和双性恋人群。

The truth is anyone can get the virus,

事实就是，每个人都可能感染病毒，

and the only way to know your status is to get tested,

而唯一能知道感染状况的办法是做检查，

but stigma acts as a barrier to testing, so new cases continue.

但偏见使人们抵触做检查， 使得新案例持续增加。

In the US,

在美国，

eight out of 10 new cases come from people who are undiagnosed

每十个新案例中， 就有八个来自还未被诊断

or who are not on medication.

或还未服用过药物的人。

Now UNAIDS has set a goal

目前联合国艾滋病规划署设下了目标：

that by 2030, they will end this epidemic,

在 2030 年终止这场流行病，

but it's going to be really hard to reach

但如果耻辱感继续使人们 抵触做检测和接受治疗，

if stigma continues to act as a barrier against testing and seeking care.

这个目标将很难实现。

Now, when I was pushed into a corner by the blackmailer and by the media,

当年勒索者和媒体将我逼到墙角时，

I was going to come out fighting.

我挺身站出来斗争。

I wanted to take control of my life.

我想控制我自己的生活。

I wanted to know what it was like to feel free.

我希望体验自由的感觉。

I wanted to know, and I had the right to be able to live again.

我想体验，因为我也有权利重新过我的人生。

And I wanted anyone else who was in the same position as me

我希望其他和我处境相同的人

to have that right as well.

也能有这个权利。

Now tackling stigma is an ongoing challenge.

消除污名化是一项持续的挑战。

It's going to take a collective effort from policymakers,

这需要集体合作， 包括政策制定者、

health care officials, advocacy organizations

医疗卫生官员、宣传组织、

and, more importantly, all of us in the general public.

以及最重要的是， 作为普通群众的我们所有人。

Education is key.

科普教育是关键。

The more people who know the facts, the more the truth spreads.

了解事实的人越多， 真相传播得就越广。

Even simple conversations between two people

即便是两个人之间简单的聊天

can change minds.

也能改变人的想法。

Now we need to normalize talking about HIV

我们一定要让谈论艾滋病病毒

and other stigmatized conditions,

和其他被污名化的疾病正常化，

and I encourage you all to challenge any stigma you encounter,

我也鼓励大家一起挑战遇到的各种偏见，

whether that be mental health, race, disability, sexuality.

不管是关于心理健康、种族、 身体障碍、还是性取向。

We also need to address legal inequality and discrimination.

我们还需要解决法律上的不平等和歧视问题。

Now I feel relatively lucky,

我觉得自己比较幸运，

given the strides being made in this regard, living in the UK,

因为我生活在英国， 这里在消除歧视方面有很大的进步，

as I'm aware of people around the world, who are living with HIV,

因为我意识到，世界各地的HIV携带者

that, through discrimination,

因为受到歧视，

have limitations placed on what they can and cannot do,

他们能做什么、不能做什么，

or even on where they can and cannot live.

甚至能在哪里生活、 不能在哪里生活都受到限制。

Now, recently, in the UK, changes have finally been made

最近，英国终于做出了一些变化，

that means that people living with HIV

这意味着HIV携带者可以 加入武装部队并被部署，

can join the armed forces and be deployed,

or can train as commercial airline pilots.

或接受商业航空公司飞行员的培训。

Now these changes have only happened

这些改变的发生 归功于人们的决心与倡议，

thanks to the determination and advocacy of those involved --

people with a dogged determination

他们以坚定的决心 创造安全、无污名的环境。

to create safe, stigma-free environments.

Stigma also exists in unexpected places, like within health care.

偏见也存在于意想不到的地方， 比如医疗保健领域。

You know, we’d all expect health care professionals to know the facts,

我们都希望医护人员了解事实真相，

but this isn't always the case,

但现实并不总是如此，

especially outside of HIV specialists,

尤其是除了艾滋病毒专家之外的医护人员。

and this absolutely needs to change,

而这种情况必须改变，

as this can have a devastating impact on people living with the virus,

因为这可能会对病毒感染者 造成毁灭性的影响

discouraging them from accessing care.

使他们不愿接受治疗。

Now --

现在，

I am very, very, very proud

我十分自豪

to lead the Tackle HIV campaign.

可以领导Tackle HIV的运动。

And we focus on that first point,

我们把重心放在第一点——

education.

教育。

And along with our charity partners,

和我们的慈善合作伙伴一起，

the Terrence Higgins Trust

包括Terrence Higgins Trust

and ViiV Healthcare,

和ViiV Healthcare

which is an organization fully focused on eradicating HIV and AIDS,

这是一个致力于 根除艾滋病毒和艾滋病的组织，

we are using the power of science, advocacy and sport

我们正在借助科学、宣传和体育的力量

to change people's attitudes.

来改变人们的态度。

We draw on the ability of sport to effect change,

我们利用体育的力量来实现变革，

the love of celebrity

对名人的爱

and the compelling stories of those living with HIV

和艾滋病毒感染者的感人故事

can bring to change people's behavior and understanding,

可以改变人们的行为和认知，

whether that be through media engagements,

无论是通过媒体接触，

a podcast with others who have experienced stigma,

与其他经历过污名化的人做播客节目，

or live, on-the-ground initiatives.

或是现场实地的活动。

I am passionate,

我充满热情，

passionate about demonstrating that HIV is not a barrier to anything,

我热衷于证明艾滋病毒 不会成为任何事的障碍，

whether that be through me running an Ironman,

无论是我完成铁人三项赛、

a half-marathon

跑完半马、

or just through my daily gym workouts.

或仅仅是通过完成我的每日健身训练。

Vecause when people can get beyond the fact

因为当人们可以意识到

that HIV is no longer a death sentence,

艾滋病毒不再是一种死刑，

and that on effective medication, it can become undetectable in your body,

且在有效的药物治疗下， 人体内可以检测不到它，

which means it's untransmissible through sexual contact,

意味着它不会通过性接触传播时，

then people living with HIV

艾滋病毒感染者

can live without fear of rejection or alienation.

就可以不必担心被排斥或疏远。

And so the fight continues,

我们的战斗还在继续，

because in some countries around the world,

因为在世界一些国家，

new cases of HIV are rising,

艾滋病毒感染的新病例正在上升。

and in all of these countries, stigma continues to exist.

在所有这些国家中，偏见依然存在。

I guarantee you, one day, we'll reach our goal.

我向你们保证， 总有一天，我们会实现目标。

So when anyone encounters stigma,

因此，当任何人遇到偏见时，

regardless of what the source of that stigma is,

无论这种成见的源头是什么，

we can all play a part in combating it.

我们都可以参与到反抗中。

We all have a part to play.

我们每个人都有责任。

When you see or hear any cases of stigmatization,

当你看到或听到任何污名化的案例时、

find the strength to challenge and correct it,

请找到勇气去挑战和纠正它，

whether that be at home with your family,

无论是在家与家人一起时，

out with your friends or even in the wider community.

还是在外与朋友甚至 更广泛的群体一起时。

Now, the wings underneath my tattoo ...

我纹身下的翅膀

give me the strength to move beyond HIV stigma and HIV shame.

给了我力量， 让我超越艾滋病毒的污名和耻辱。

And trust me, all of you, please trust me --

相信我，所有人，请相信我——

if I can do it, then anyone can do it.

如果我能做到，那么任何人都能做到。

And then, and only then,

到那时，只有到那个时候，

do we have a real chance of ending HIV forever.

我们才真的有机会永远终结艾滋病毒。

So please,

所以，请一定要帮助我，

please, please help me,

because together, we can tackle stigma.

因为团结起来， 我们才可以消除污名化。

Thank you so much.

谢谢大家。

(Cheers and applause)

（掌声与欢呼）