Detroit's Climate Crisis — and How to Build a Resilient Future Everywhere | Anika Goss | TED

翻译人员: Chenhui Chang 校对人员: suya f.

I’m a third-generation Detroiter.

My grandmother moved to Detroit in 1936

我是底特律的第三代居民。

during the Great Migration

我的祖母在1936年的 “非裔美国人大迁徙”期间

and brought all of her Southern ways with her.

举家搬到底特律，

She had an abundant garden

一起带来的还有 她在(美国)南方的生活方式。

with flowers for butterflies and honeybees and birds.

她有一个种了各种花草的花园，

这里也成了很多蝴蝶、 蜜蜂还有鸟儿的栖息地。

She preferred to take the bus to Eastern Market

to purchase all of her meat just to make sure that it was fresh.

她更喜欢坐公交车到东市场去买肉

She owned a home on Mendota Street

来保证肉质的新鲜。

and knew that home ownership would create wealth and opportunity

她在门多塔街有一套房子，

她知道拥有房产可以 为她不断壮大的家庭创造财富和机会。

for her growing family.

My family's story is not an unusual Detroit story,

and up until the late 1950s,

我家这样的故事在底特律很常见，

Detroit was a haven for middle-class families

在20世纪50年代末以前，

living in neighborhoods where there was green space

底特律是中产阶级家庭的“港湾”。

and community connectivity and opportunity.

他们居住的社区有绿地，

But my grandmother's Detroit is not the Detroit that I live in today.

有社区连通性，还有机会。

The Detroit today is not sustainable.

但我祖母那时的底特律， 和我现在生活的底特律并不相同。

84 percent of Detroiters identify as Black or Latino,

现在的底特律并不可持续。

84%的底特律人是黑人或拉丁裔，

and five percent are foreign-born.

That makes this not just a climate and economic issue

5%的是在海外出生的。

所以这不仅是气候和经济的问题，

but an equity issue.

And I know this

because I have spent my entire career

更是公平的问题。

focused on the intersection between race and poverty.

我明白这一点，

是因为我的整个职业生涯

都专注在种族与贫困的问题中。

More recently, the work I do with my colleagues

focuses on how climate impacts neighborhoods and communities

最近，我和我同事们的工作主要集中在

that are isolated from economic prosperity.

气候怎样影响那些

与经济繁荣发展无缘的 邻里和社区。

Being financially secure and climate resilient

而全国社区的当务之急，

should be the most important priority for communities across the country.

应该是实现经济保障 和具备气候韧性。

That is what I want to talk with you about today.

Detroit is not generally thought of as a city

这就是我今天想要讲的内容。

that is at risk for climate impact,

一般来说，底特律并不被认为是一个

but in fact it is.

易受气候影响的城市，

We define resilience as places where residents can have their needs met

但实际上，它确实是。

我们将韧性定义为， 那些可以满足居民需求

and are free from long-term chronic stress,

giving them the ability to withstand and recover from acute shocks.

并免受长期慢性压力困扰的地方，

是一种可以让他们经受住 剧烈变化并从中恢复的能力。

If you are financially stable,

then you are much more likely to withstand and recover

如果你的经济实力稳定，

from the acute shock of climate change.

那你就更有可能 承受气候变化的猛烈影响

Detroit's economic inequity and climate vulnerability

并从中恢复过来。

底特律的经济不平等和气候脆弱性

began over 100 years ago

under the guise of innovation.

在100多年前

Detroit not only led the way for automobiles

就在创新的幌子下开始出现。

but manufacturing.

底特律不仅在引领了汽车的发展，

Manufacturing was a part of our community fabric.

也同样引领了制造业的发展。

Industrial sites were nestled in neighborhoods throughout the city

制造业以前是我们社区结构的一部分。

工业场所遍布城市的各个社区，

so that workers could walk to their factory jobs.

Our economy was booming.

这便于让工人们可以 步行到他们的工厂上班。

And although Detroit was not necessarily equal across racial lines,

我们的经济蓬勃发展。

虽然底特律在种族方面 并不完全平等，

it was still a city of stable, middle-class neighborhoods.

但它仍然是一个有着 稳定中产阶级社区的城市。

In 75 years,

our city went from a peak population of 1.8 million

在75年的时间里，

down to a population of 620,000 in 2022.

底特律的人口从峰值180万

下降到2022年的62万。

All of those sites where there was manufacturing

and industrial sites that led to our economic boom,

那些有制造业和工业的场地

曾带给我们经济繁荣，

many of those industrial sites stand vacant and abandoned.

We now have about 19 square miles of vacant land in Detroit.

如今其中很多却处于 闲置或废弃的状态。

底特律现在有大约 19平方英里的闲置土地。

These industrial sites have led to dangerous contamination,

这些工业用地导致了严重的污染，

both to our land and our water and our air.

影响了我们的土地、 水源和空气质量。

About two years ago,

eight inches of rain fell over Detroit over a period of three days.

大约两年前，

And not just Detroit, but southeast Michigan.

底特律三天内的降雨量达到8英寸。

Scientists describe this as a more-than-500-year rain event.

然而不仅是底特律， 密歇根州东南部也是如此。

科学家们称这是一场 超过500年一遇的降雨。

Now, eight inches of rain doesn't seem like a lot of rain,

but this one rain event flooded our streets.

现在看来，8英寸的降雨量或许并不大，

Basements became filled with storm water and sewage.

但这样的一场雨 却淹没了我们的街道。

The repair costs were insurmountable for many families,

地下室里灌满了雨水和污水。

and with nearly half of Detroiters renting,

对许多家庭来说， 维修费是难以承担的，

it often led to homelessness.

而近一半的底特律人 是租房居住的，

Climate change exacerbates and compounds

这种情况往往导致 他们无家可归。

气候变化加剧并恶化了

economic inequity in our city.

But I believe there are three things that we can do

底特律经济不平等的情况。

to begin to change the resilient future for Detroit.

但我相信我们可以做三件事，

First, we have to begin to create an economic environment

来为底特律的韧性未来做出改变。

首先，我们必须开始营造一个

in which all Detroiters can grow wealth.

Advanced technology and tech-based businesses

让所有底特律人 都可以致富的经济环境。

are the fastest-growing industries in Detroit, but also the nation.

先进技术和科技产业

It's these businesses that will contribute to solving our climate dilemma

是底特律乃至全国增速最快的行业。

正是这些产业将为解决 我们的气候困境做出贡献，

and make millions, even billions, doing it.

But unless we include Black and brown Detroiters,

并在此过程中创造 数百万甚至数十亿的价值。

但除非我们把底特律的 黑人和棕色人种群体纳入其中，

both as workers

and investing in founders,

无论他们是作为工人，

we will leave our largest demographic out of our future.

还是作为投资创始人，

否则我们在未来 将与我们最大的人口群体无缘。

Second, we have to stop only responding

第二，我们必须停止只在出现危机情况

when there’s a crisis situation, like flooding and air quality control,

（比如需要控制洪水或空气质量） 的时候，才采取应对措施。

and begin to think about green stormwater infrastructure

而是应该开始主动考虑 绿色雨水基础设施

and solar and renewable energy proactively.

以及太阳能等可再生能源。

I was having this conversation with my sister

because that's what sisters do,

talk about manufacturing and infrastructure investment.

我当时正和我妹妹聊这个话题，

因为我们姐妹就喜欢

聊制造业和基础设施投资。

This is my sister, I have two of them.

So she lives in Washington, DC.

这就是我的妹妹，我总共有两个妹妹。

Eight inches of rain, in her opinion,

现在她住在华盛顿。

was just not enough rain to create that much flooding.

在她看来，8英寸的降水量

And she kind of didn't believe me

并不足以造成这么大的洪水。

that Detroit was at risk for climate impacts.

她有点儿不太相信

And I explained to her that Detroit is not different from other cities

底特律会受到气候影响。

我向她解释说，

in its process for making municipal investment decisions.

底特律在市政投资决策过程方面

Municipal investment decisions are made for primarily two ways:

与其他城市并没有什么不同。

市政投资决策主要有两种方式：

new development and crisis repair.

Detroit is not unique.

新项目开发和危机恢复。

What makes Detroit unique

is it has 100-year-old gray infrastructure

在这个方面，底特律并不是特例。

而底特律的独特之处在于，

它有着支撑着139平方英里城区的

supporting 139 square miles of Detroit.

百年历史的灰色基础设施。

We can no longer only make decisions for crisis.

我们不能等到危机出现时再做决定了。

We don't have that luxury.

We have to make decisions differently

to improve the quality of life for Detroiters

我们没有这种奢侈的选择。

我们必须采取不同的方式来做决策，

and improve the quality of the neighborhoods

来改善底特律居民的生活品质，

that we're all living in for the future.

并为未来而提升大家 所在社区的质量。

Finally, we have to begin to invest in neighborhoods

最后，我们必须开始 对社区进行投资

so that they are free from blight and deterioration.

来让居民从中摆脱出来。

As an urbanist and a futurist,

I want to help Detroiters imagine the city they deserve to live in.

作为一名城市研究者 和未来主义者，

我希望帮助当地居民 构想出底特律应有的面貌。

You shouldn't have to live in a suburb to be surrounded by beautiful gardens,

你不应该在只有住在郊区时， 才能有被美丽的花园、

parks and trees.

We can plant urban forests here.

公园和树林围绕的环境。

(Applause)

我们可以在这里营造城市森林。

So that we can reduce urban heat-island impacts and improve air quality.

（掌声）

这样我们就能减少城市热岛 的影响，并改善空气质量。

We can plant sustainable gardens and food gardens

just like the ones you are seeing on the screen,

我们可以营造可持续的花园和菜园，

that my team and community partners have planted all over Detroit.

就像现在你们在屏幕上看到的，

这些就是我的团队与合作社区 在底特律各地打造的花园和菜园。

We can do this.

We have to do this.

And we need to do this

我们可以这样做。

because investing in neighborhoods,

我们也必须这样做。

而我们需要这么做，

not just as a social program,

是因为对社区投资

but we must do this

不仅仅是一项社会计划。

because climate equity and climate economics

而我们必须这样做，

还是因为气候公平和气候经济

require investment in order to see the actual results.

需要投资才能看到实际效果。

This is true, not only in this nation's largest Black city,

这不仅在这个国家 最大的黑人城市成立，

but in every city where inequality is on the rise

也适用于每个不平等问题日益加剧、

and climate equity will surely follow.

My grandmother's house still stands on Mendota long after she passed away.

气候公平问题随之而来的城市。

我祖母去世很久后， 她在门多塔街的房子依旧在那里。

Her expectation of me and of you

is that a Black family just like mine

她对我和你们的期待是，

that migrated north 90 years ago

像我家这样在90年前

will be able to prosper 90 years from now

北迁的黑人家庭，

也能因为家庭经济繁荣。

because they are economically thriving.

Their neighborhood has parks, gardens, trees and community spaces.

而在未来90年里蓬勃发展。

他们的社区有公园、 花园、树林和社区空间。

And they are still Black.

Thank you.

(Applause)

而那些黑人家庭还在社区中。

谢谢！

（掌声）