The US Has a Teacher Shortage — Here’s How To Fix It | Randy Seriguchi Jr. | TED

翻译人员: Lena Fu 校对人员: Bruce Wang

Hi, I’m Randy Seriguchi Jr.,

大家好，我是兰迪·塞里古奇·朱尔。

and I've been working in teacher recruitment for the past eight years

在过去的八年里，我一直在美国

in the US.

从事教师招聘工作。

And here, in the richest nation in the history of the world,

在这个世界历史上最富有的国家，

we're in the midst of a historic teacher shortage.

我们正面临历史性的教师短缺问题。

In a place where money can solve most problems,

在一个可以用金钱解决大多数问题的地方，

I've been thinking about how we respond to this economic emergency,

我一直在思考我们如何应对这场经济危机。

and three questions come to mind.

我想到了三个问题。

How much is too much to invest in teachers?

对教师投资多少才算太多？

How much is too little to invest in teachers?

对教师投资多少才算太少？

And what should any new investment in teachers actually cover?

对教师的新投资应该覆盖哪些方面？

More additional context to remember,

不要忘记的事情是

this teacher shortage is about more than teachers.

教师短缺不仅仅关乎教师，

Millions of students nationwide

全国数百万学生

are impacted by having an under-qualified

都因由资历不够的老师

or substitute teacher guiding a full year of school.

或者代课老师指导全年学业 而受到影响。

So there's a big difference between a teacher shortage

因此，教师短缺和快餐业工人短缺之间

and let's say, a fast-food worker shortage.

有很大的区别。

McDonald's may be missing a couple of cashiers up front,

麦当劳可能缺少几个收银员，

but burgers will still get flipped and sold.

但汉堡仍会被翻动和出售。

When teachers are missing from schools, however,

但是，当学校缺少教师时，

children usually aren't learning up to standards.

孩子们的学习水平通常达不到标准。

So as a result,

出现的结果是，

the US is scoring 26 out of 81 nations

在国际数学考试中，

on an international math exam,

美国在81个国家中排名26，

amongst other disappointing educational outcomes.

以及其他一些让人失望的教育结果。

And on the cusp of artificial intelligence becoming the fourth industrial revolution,

在人工智能即将成为第四次工业革命之际，

we have a long way to go to ensure

我们还有很长的路要走，

that we are adequately prepared to participate in the next economic boom.

以确保做好充分准备参与下一次经济繁荣。

So what can we do about this?

那么我们能做些什么呢？

Well, we know that one major factor in improving student outcomes

我们知道提高学生成绩的一个主要因素

is the effectiveness of the teacher in front of the classroom.

是教师在课堂上的效率。

So in the wake of a national teacher shortage,

在全国教师短缺的情况下，

we have to explore new ways to recruit and retain teachers

我们必须探索新的方式来招募和留住教师，

to join our schools long enough

让他们留在我们学校足够长的时间，

to actually become good

以胜任教师这份

at one of the most difficult professions in the world.

世界上最困难的职业之一。

So this is a two-headed monster of a problem.

所以这是一个双重问题，

On one hand,

一方面，

we have to engineer historic interest

我们必须建立历史意义

to inspire new people to pursue teaching.

来激励新人从事教学。

And on the other,

另一方面，

we have to find ways to economically anchor new and existing teachers

我们必须找到经济可行的办法 让新教师和现有教师

to stay for at least three to five years,

至少留任三到五年，

enough time to sufficiently increase one's effectiveness as a teacher.

有足够的时间充分提高教学效率。

So, to attack this teacher shortage,

因此，为了解决教师短缺问题，

we can take a page out of the military's playbook

我们可以借鉴军队的做法

and provide basic allowances

并提供基本津贴，

to make teaching more attractive to new talent.

让教学对新人更具吸引力。

Some version of a teacher G.I. Bill

退伍军人权利法案的教师版本

could help us reset the value we place on educating our children.

可以帮助我们重新审视教育孩子的价值。

How do I know something like this could work?

我怎么知道这样的事情可以奏效？

Well, two reasons.

有两个原因。

The US has done this before and San Francisco is doing this now.

美国以前曾这样做过， 而旧金山现在也在这样做。

After the end of World War II,

第二次世界大战结束后，

the US government was nervous

美国政府担心，

that millions of veterans would have trouble

数百万退伍军人将难以

readjusting to normal civilian life.

适应正常的平民生活。

As a result, the Servicemen's Readjustment Act,

因此，《军人重新适应法案》

more commonly known as the G.I. Bill,

（俗称《退伍军人权利法案》）

was passed into law and created an unprecedented investment

获得通过成为法律，并为美国公共服务

in American public service.

带来了前所未有的投资。

Here's what that looked like.

具体情况如图所示。

Education supports in the form of annual tuition contributions

教育支持以年度学费分摊

and monthly living stipends.

和每月生活津贴的形式提供。

Workforce support in the form of unemployment benefits

劳动力支持以失业救济金

and job search guidance.

和求职指导的形式提供。

Financial support via loan guarantees,

财政支持通过贷款担保提供。

which backed veterans’ borrowing

支持退伍军人借贷，

and increased access to credit to buy homes and start businesses.

增加购房和创业的信贷渠道。

And wellness support.

并提供健康支持

More medical care,

和更多的医疗服务，

including the construction of new hospitals nationwide.

包括在全国范围内建造新医院。

From 1944 to 1956,

从1944年到1956年，

the G.I. Bill gave out 14.5 billion dollars

《退伍军人权利法案》为需要工作的退伍军人

in education and training supports to veterans who needed to work.

提供了 145 亿美元的教育和培训支持。

Today, this equals about 253 billion dollars.

在今天，这相当于大约2530亿美元。

Could you imagine Democrats and Republicans

你能想象民主党人和共和党人

voting together on this in 2024?

在2024年就此问题共同投票吗？

Me either.

我也是。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

So what was once called the best investment

因此，这项曾被称为

the US government has ever made,

美国政府有史以来最好的投资，

resulted in over eight million people continuing their education

让超过800万人继续接受教育，

and millions of new home loans granted.

并发放了数百万笔新的住房贷款。

We invested in education, financial and wellness supports for veterans

我们对退伍军人的教育、财务和健康 提供投资和支持，

because of the value we place on their public service to us

因为我们认为他们的公共服务

as a nation as a whole.

对整个国家都是具有价值的。

The battles abroad to defend our children

为保卫我们的孩子而进行的海外战斗

are just as important as the battles we face at home.

与我们在国内所面临的战斗同样重要。

They may be different types of terrain,

它们可能是不同的领域，

but both involve the same Americans serving the same America.

但都涉及同样的美国人， 为同一个美国服务。

They may be different types of professions,

它们可能涉及不同类型的职业，

but both deserve a shot at the same American dream.

但都值得为同一个美国梦努力。

Our teachers are true patriots.

我们的老师是真正的爱国者。

Protecting, enhancing, developing the lives of American children every day.

每天都在保护、改善、发展 美国儿童的生活。

And after the pandemic changed how we view schools and work,

在疫情改变了我们对学校和工作的看法之后，

it's time for us to take a chance to invest in our teachers

是时候抓住机会像投资军人一样

as the service men and women that they are.

投资教师了。

If we truly want to elevate this profession

如果我们真的想提升这个职业

to inspire new, diverse talent to join us,

激励新的、多元化人才加入我们，

we have to improve both the personal

我们必须改善与教学相关的

and professional experiences associated with teaching.

个人和专业体验。

And in the Bay Area,

在湾区，

we had success doing this with Urban Ed Academy.

我们和城市教育学院合作 成功地做到了这一点。

After the wave of labor strikes across this country in 2023,

在2023年全国罢工浪潮之后，

we found ourselves revisiting the questions we had in 2018,

我们发现自己正在重新审视 2018年遇到的问题，

when we started a campaign to place one Black male teacher

当时我们发起了一项运动 ， 要求在旧金山的每所小学

in every elementary school in San Francisco.

都安排一名黑人男教师。

Those questions were,

这些问题是，

how much is too much to invest in Black male teachers?

How much is too little to invest in Black male teachers?

对黑人男教师投资多少才算太少？

And what should any new investment in Black male teachers actually cover?

对黑人男教师的新投资 实际上应该涵盖什么？

Well, we were not the federal government,

好吧，我们不是联邦政府，

so we had to find creative ways to resource our approach.

所以我们必须找到创造性的方法 来为我们的方案提供资源。

And we found that we could meet teachers' basic needs with more than money.

我们发现除了钱还有更多方式 满足教师的基本需求。

Comfortable housing,

比如舒适的住房

higher education costs and holistic wellness provisions,

更多的教育投入

for example,

和全面的健康保障，

are possible without crazy spending —

这些都不需要疯狂的支出——

especially if we do it together as a village

尤其是如果我们能 像一个村庄一样共同努力

and lower the cost burden for everyone involved.

降低所有参与者的成本负担。

Our unprecedented investment in Black male teachers

我们对黑人男教师的空前投资

was made as a collective community investment.

是作为一项集体社区投资来进行的。

And inspired by the G.I. Bill,

受退伍军人权利法案的启发，

we sought to inclusively invest in education,

我们力求包容性地投资于教育、

workforce development, financial and wellness supports for our fellows.

劳动力发展、财务和健康方面， 为我们的伙伴提供支持。

Here's what that looked like for us in our work.

以下是我们在工作中的情况。

To provide cost-free credentialing and graduate school tuition,

为了提供免费的证书和研究生学费，

we partnered with school districts,

我们与各学区、

the state of California and other local partners

加利福尼亚州和其他当地合作伙伴合作

to wipe away tens of thousands of dollars

节省了数万美元

needed to upskill our fellows into higher-quality classroom management.

提升我们伙伴的技能 使其能够进行更高质量的课堂管理。

This was an essential building block in igniting interest in a field

这是激发人们对这个领域兴趣的重要基石，

where so many are leaving

因为这个领域有如此多的人离开

and only 1.3 percent of teachers are Black men.

而且只有1.3％的教师是黑人男性。

To ensure that our Black male fellows

为了确保我们的黑人男性伙伴

had a real shot of matriculating through teacher credentialing pathways

有机会通过教师资格认证途径入学，

and had guaranteed job placements,

并保障就业，

we partnered with institutions of higher education,

我们与高等教育机构、

teacher residency programs,

教师实习项目

and school principals

以及校长合作，

to build in more personalized fit assessments for Black men.

为黑人男性建立 更加个性化的适配评估。

More overall patience in the hiring process,

在招聘过程中要加耐心，

and to give second chances to men who usually don't receive a first.

并给那些通常得不到第一名的男性 提供第二次机会。

To offer the financial and wellness provisions I mentioned,

为了提供我提到的财务和健康保障，

we partnered directly with Black property owners to provide subsidized housing,

我们直接与黑人业主合作， 提供补贴住房，

Black mental health professionals to provide free therapy

与黑人心理健康专业人士合作， 提供免费治疗，

and financial institutions

以及与金融机构合作，

to support our investment in each fellow as a whole person.

对每个伙伴视为一个整体提供支持投资。

Now most of us have heard

现在我们大多数都听说过，

that it is difficult for a child to learn on an empty stomach.

孩子很难在空腹的情况下学习。

Well, how difficult is it to teach 20 to 25 of those children

那么，如果你自己都入不敷出，

if you're struggling to make ends meet yourself?

教 20 到 25 个孩子该有多难呢？

Especially living under the low-income threshold in San Francisco,

尤其是生活在旧金山的低收入门槛之下，

where the cost of living is through the roof, literally.

那里的生活成本简直高到离谱。

I know some of you may be thinking,

我知道你们当中有些人可能会想：

"Well, Randy, why just Black males?

“好吧，兰迪，为什么只有黑人男性？

Why not all teachers?"

为什么不是所有的教师？”

Well ...

好吧...

I know that bringing conversations about race and identity into education

我知道，将关于种族和身份问题引入教育

may be controversial and political,

可能会引起争议和政治化，

but it is necessary.

但这是必要的。

I learned this lesson from the great Angela Glover Blackwell

我从伟大的安吉拉·格洛弗·布莱克威尔

and her analysis of the curb cut effect.

以及她对路缘坡效应的分析中学到这一点。

Curb cuts were originally designed

路缘坡道最初是

to meet the accessibility needs of wheelchair users

为了满足轮椅使用者

and other members of the differently-abled community.

和其他残障人士的无障碍需求而设计的。

If you look across the country today at street intersections,

今天如果你环顾全国各地的街道交叉口，

you'll see everybody using those curb cuts.

你会看到所有人都在使用路缘坡道。

Seniors wheeling groceries,

老年人推着杂货、

parents walking small children,

父母带着小孩散步、

vendors pushing merchandise, etc.

小贩推着商品等。

But I can imagine, back then someone may have challenged universal curb cuts

但我可以想象，当时可能会有人

with something like,

用这样的话质疑路缘坡道：

"Why prioritize one community and cut all curbs?

“为什么要考虑一个群体的需求 而切掉路缘？

This is the way curbs have always been."

路缘一直都是这样的。”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Well, somebody, ...

有的人，...

(Laughter)

（笑声）

We know that when we create and design solutions

我们知道，当我们根据弱势群体的需求

based on the needs of the most vulnerable,

而创造和设计解决方案时，

everybody benefits.

所有人都会受益。

And so I believe that in this country,

因此我相信，在这个国家，

if we can build a system that treats Black male teachers well,

如果我们能建立 一个善待黑人男教师的制度，

then we're building a system that treats all teachers well.

那么我们就是在建立 一个善待所有教师的制度。

(Applause)

（掌声）

Most of you have also heard of the African proverb

你们大多数人也听说过一个非洲的谚语

"it takes a village to raise a child."

“抚养孩子需要一个村庄的力量。”

The saying speaks to the need for us as an entire community

这句话表明，我们整个社区

to come together to support the successful,

需要团结起来，

positive development of children.

支持儿童成功、积极地发展。

And when I look at how some of our children are doing today,

当我看到一些孩子今天的表现时，

I get a little mad at all the villages.

我对所有村庄都有点生气。

We're doing a terrible job as a unit with these children,

作为一个整体， 我们在教育孩子方面做得很糟糕，

you know what I'm talking about.

你知道我在说什么。

But we can change that together

但是我们可以一起改变这种情况，

if we extend that village mentality of support

如果我们能把这种村庄支持心态

to our teachers,

拓展到教师身上。

because they are the first line of defense in our campaign

因为他们是我们为学生成功而战的

for student success.

第一道防线。

The first line.

第一道。

And these patriots need more from us.

这些爱国者需要我们提供更多的支持。

So how much is too much to invest in teachers?

那么，对教师投资多少才算太多？

Well in the richest nation in the history of the world,

在世界历史上最富有的国家

I know we can afford it together.

我知道我们可以共同承担。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause and cheers)

（掌声和欢呼）