Can Cannabis Help You Sleep? Here’s the Science | Jen Walsh | TED

翻译人员: Y Chen 校对人员: suya f.

If you've tried cannabis ...

如果你尝试过大麻...

(Laughter)

（笑声）

you may have experienced some of its side effects.

你可能已经体验过一些它的副作用。

Perhaps you got a bit peckish,

也许你有点饿了，

and you've got the local pizza shop on speed dial?

而且当地的披萨店开通了快速拨号？

Or maybe you got a bit sleepy.

或者你可能有点困了。

So isn't it a no-brainer that cannabis can help us sleep better?

那么，大麻不是可以让我们 睡得更好不是显而易见吗？

Well, I've been researching this topic as a sleep physiologist,

作为睡眠生理学家， 我一直在研究这个题目

and I'm here to talk about why cannabis for treating insomnia is complicated.

我来讲讲为什么用大麻治疗失眠很复杂。

Humans have been using cannabis for at least 5,000 years.

人类使用大麻 已有至少 5,000 年了。

We've been using it to make clothes,

我们一直在用它来做衣服，

for building materials.

做建筑材料。

It's been used in religious ceremonies

它曾被用于宗教仪式

and for its health benefits.

并具有健康益处。

And, apparently, it’s been used for fun.

而且，显然，它被用来娱乐了。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

But it's only been in the past 100 or so years

但是在过去的 100 年左右的时间里

that we've started understanding the science of cannabis and its effects.

我们才开始了解大麻的科学及其影响。

We know that the cannabis plant contains hundreds of chemical compounds,

我们知道大麻植物含有数百种化合物，

including the cannabinoids.

包括大麻素。

The most well-known cannabinoid is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol.

最著名的大麻素是 δ-9-四氢大麻酚。

You may have heard this as "THC."

你可能听过这个 “四氢大麻酚”。

THC is primarily known for its intoxicating properties,

四氢大麻酚主要以其 令人沉醉的特性而闻名，

that high that people tend to seek out when they use cannabis recreationally.

人们在娱乐性地使用 大麻时往往会使用它。

And when you're pulled over for those roadside drug tests,

而且，当你被拦下来 接受路边药物测试时，

it's the THC that they're looking for.

他们要测的是四氢大麻酚。

The other well-known cannabinoid is cannabidiol, or CBD.

另一种众所周知的大麻素 是大麻二酚或CBD。

Unlike THC, CBD is nonintoxicating.

与四氢大麻酚不同， CBD 不会令人陶醉。

And as recently as about 30 years ago,

就在大约 30 年前，

scientists also discovered other cannabinoids,

科学家们还发现了其他大麻素

ones that are produced by our own bodies --

即我们自己的身体产生的大麻素——

the endocannabinoids.

内源性大麻素。

It's the endocannabinoids, produced in our brain and throughout our body,

人们认为，在我们的大脑和 整个身体中产生的内源性大麻素

that are thought to cause that high that people experience after running

会导致人们在跑步后

or that relaxed post-exercise feeling.

或运动后放松的感觉。

Don't worry, these ones are not being detected by those roadside drug tests,

别担心，路边的药物 测试不检测这些成分，

so you can continue with your marathon training.

所以你可以继续进行马拉松训练。

But what's really exciting about this rapid increase

但是，我们对大麻和大麻素 的理解和知识的迅速提高

in our understanding and knowledge of cannabis and cannabinoids

真正令人兴奋的是

is that the cannabis plant, or cannabis,

大麻植物或大麻在 20 世纪 90 年代末之前

在世界上大多数国家都是非法的，

was illegal in most countries around the world until the late 1990s,

因此，直到过去 20 年左右的时间里，

so it's only been in the past 20 or so years --

自从它合法化，

since it's been legalized, at least for medicinal use,

至少用于医疗用途以来，

in some countries --

在某些国家，

that its use has been increasing,

它的使用量一直在增加，

and we're understanding more about its benefits.

我们对它的好处有了更多的了解。

There's now pretty solid evidence

现在有相当确凿的证据表明

that cannabinoids can help treat rare types of epilepsy,

大麻素可以帮助治疗罕见的癫痫，

the nausea and vomiting associated with some cancer treatments.

以及与某些癌症治疗相关的恶心和呕吐。

It can also help treat some forms of chronic or long-term pain,

它还可以帮助治疗某些慢性或长期疼痛，

the muscle stiffness associated with multiple sclerosis.

即多发性硬化症相关的肌肉僵硬。

And in patients with HIV and AIDS, it can improve appetite.

在艾滋病毒和艾滋病患者中 它可以改善食欲。

And there is also some evidence that cannabinoids may be helpful

还有一些证据表明， 大麻素可能有助于

in reducing anxiety associated with public speaking.

减轻公开演讲的焦虑。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

I didn't make it up,

这可不是我乱说的

and I haven't had any medicinal preparation today.

我今天也没为了演讲吃药

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Cannabinoids might also be helpful for treating some sleep disorders.

大麻素也可能有助于治疗某些睡眠障碍。

Most commonly, it's been used to treat insomnia.

最常见的是，它被用来治疗失眠。

In fact, some surveys report

实际上，一些调查报告显示

that up to 47 percent of people who use cannabis medicinally

在药物上使用大麻素的人中

are using it to improve their sleep.

多达 47％ 的人正在 使用它来改善睡眠。

Insomnia is the most prevalent of the sleep disorders.

失眠是最常见的睡眠障碍。

It affects a third of us,

它影响着世界上三分之一的人口

and for 15 percent of us, it is a chronic problem,

对于 15％ 的人口来说， 这是一个慢性的问题，

so it lasts longer than three months.

持续时间超过三个月。

The symptoms of insomnia are variable.

失眠有各种各样的症状

You may have trouble falling asleep

你可能难以入睡

and you may have trouble staying asleep.

也可能难以保持睡着。

And if you're really unlucky, you might experience both.

而且，如果你真的倒霉， 你可能会两者兼而有之。

But even if you haven't experienced insomnia yourself,

但是，即使你自己没有经历过失眠，

you can probably relate to the feelings of not having had enough sleep

你可以想象一下与睡眠不足的感觉

and how it impacts you the next day.

以及失眠第二天对你的影响。

Perhaps you're not as patient with your loved ones.

也许你对亲人没有那么耐心。

You might find it hard to concentrate or stay alert,

你可能会发现很难 集中注意力或保持警觉，

or you might find it difficult to remember things,

或者你可能会发现很难记住一些事情，

like finding the right words ...

比如找到正确的单词...

when you're doing a public talk that you've had to memorize.

当你在做一个必须记住的公开演讲时。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

In the long term,

从长远来看，

insomnia can contribute to conditions like anxiety and depression,

失眠会导致焦虑和抑郁等疾病，

as well as some forms of cardiovascular disease.

以及某些的心血管疾病。

But we have a good treatment for insomnia:

但是我们有很好的失眠治疗方法：

cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, or CBT-I,

失眠的认知行为疗法（CBT-I）

which is typically done under the guidance of a specialist sleep psychologist.

通常在专业睡眠心理学家的指导下进行。

But it can take weeks to see benefits from CBT-I,

但是，可能需要数周时间 才能看到CBT-I的好处，

and it can be difficult to access.

而且可能很难获得CBT-I治疗。

So wouldn't it be great if we had an alternative treatment for insomnia

那么，如果我们有 一种安全、 易于获得且能快速见效的失眠替代疗法，

that was safe, easy to access and gave us quick results?

那不是很好吗？

Well, we know that cannabis has been used to help sleep

好吧，我们知道大麻被用来帮助睡眠

probably for thousands of years,

可能已有数千年了，

and there's plenty of reports of improved sleep

还有很多报道称 ，

in people who have used cannabinoids for treating other medical conditions.

使用大麻素治疗其他 疾病的人的睡眠有所改善。

We just don't have good evidence that it can help with insomnia.

我们只是没有充分的证据 表明它可以帮助缓解失眠。

So our team at the Centre for Sleep Science

因此，我们在珀斯西澳大利亚大学

at the University of Western Australia in Perth

睡眠科学中心的团队

recently teamed with Zelira Therapeutics

最近与Zelira Therapeutics合作，

to investigate the effects of a cannabinoid medication

研究了大麻素药物

on chronic insomnia.

对慢性失眠的影响。

In this world-first study,

在这项世界首创的研究中，

24 participants took a cannabinoid medication,

24 名参与者服用了

which contained THC and CBD,

含有四氢大麻酚 和 CBD 的大麻素药物，

as well as another cannabinoid, cannabinol, CBN,

以及另一种大麻素——大麻酚CBN

for two weeks.

为期两周。

They also took a placebo for two weeks, in random order.

他们还随机服用了两周的安慰剂。

They didn't know which one they were having,

直到我们分析完所有数据

and we didn't either,

他们才知道自己服用的是哪一种药物

until we'd analyzed all of the data.

在此之前我们也不知道 他们吃的是哪一种。

Over the two weeks, we measured their sleep

在这两周中，

with a wristwatch-type device, like, a research-quality smartwatch,

我们使用手表类设备 （例如研究级智能手表）

测量了他们的睡眠情况，

and we also made more sophisticated measures of their sleep,

我们还对他们在睡眠实验室 睡觉时一晚的睡眠

over a single night, while they slept in a sleep laboratory.

进行了更复杂的测量。

We found that when people took the cannabinoid medication,

我们发现，当人们服用大麻素药物时，

they actually didn't sleep much better when they were in the laboratory.

他们在实验室的时候的睡眠 实际上并没有好很多。

This may be because it was just a single night,

这可能是因为那只是一个晚上，

or it may be because they had to sleep with equipment like this.

也可能是因为他们必须 带着这样的实验设备睡觉。

What we did find --

我们的发现——

(Laughter)

（笑声）

was that when people were sleeping at home for two weeks,

是，当人们在家里睡两个星期时，

as we measured their sleep with that fancy wristwatch,

当我们用那只花哨的手表 测量他们的睡眠时，

that they slept, on average, 33 minutes a night longer,

他们平均每晚多睡 33 分钟，

and they were awake for ten minutes less each night.

每晚醒着的时间少了十分钟。

They also reported that they felt they slept better,

他们还报告说， 他们觉得自己睡得更好了

and they felt more rested on waking up each day.

每天醒来后感觉休息得更充分。

No one reported an increase in pizza consumption.

没有人报告披萨消费量增加。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Seriously though, this is the most comprehensive investigation

不过说真的，这是有史以来

of any medicinal cannabis product as a treatment for insomnia

对所有治疗失眠的药用大麻产品

that's ever been done.

进行的最全面的调查。

And the results are really exciting.

结果确实令人兴奋。

So does it mean that if you've got insomnia,

那么这是否意味着如果你失眠，

you should be sitting back on the couch each night with a joint?

你应该每晚坐在沙发上 抽着大麻卷烟休息？

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Well, this is where things get complicated.

嗯，这就是情况复杂的地方。

Firstly, cannabis remains illegal in most countries around the world,

首先，大麻在世界上 大多数国家仍然是非法的，

so please don't do that.

所以请不要那样做。

Secondly, like smoking cigarettes,

其次，像吸烟一样

smoking cannabis is associated

吸食大麻会带来长期

with negative long-term health consequences,

的负面健康后果

so it's not recommended.

因此不建议这样做

There are far safer ways that it can be consumed.

有更安全的食用方式

Also, if you consume cannabis that you just got from a "friend,"

另外，如果你食用刚从 “朋友”那里得到的大麻 ，

you won't know exactly what's in it.

你不知道里面到底有什么。

With medicinal cannabis,

对于药用大麻，

we know the concentrations of each of the cannabinoids,

我们知道每种大麻素的浓度，

so we can work out exactly how much of each cannabinoid you're having.

因此我们可以计算出 每种大麻素的确切含量。

But even though we might know

但是，尽管我们可能

how much of each of the cannabinoids you're having,

了解你每种大麻素的含量

we also know that, like any medication, your response to it might be variable.

但我们也知道，像任何药物一样， 你对各种大麻素可能有不同的反应。

So what might make me happy and docile

因此，可能让我变得开心和温顺的东西

might make you energetic and want to clean the house.

可能会让你精力充沛想要打扫房子。

And just saying, if that happens, feel free to come over to my place.

我只是说， 如果发生这种情况，

请随时来我家。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

But one of the main reasons that the jury is still out

但是 关于我们是否应该

on whether we should be using cannabinoids to treat insomnia

使用大麻素治疗失眠， 尚无定论的主要原因之一是

is that, although the results from our study were really encouraging,

尽管我们的研究结果确实令人鼓舞

it’s just one study, using one combination of cannabinoids.

它只是一项使用一种大麻素组合的研究。

And we studied 24 people,

我们还研究了 24 人

who were extensively screened to have no other major health condition

他们接受了广泛筛查， 没有发现其他重大健康问题

and to be pretty much taking no other medication.

也几乎没有服用任何其他药物。

We really need more research,

我们确实需要

in a larger, more diverse group of people,

在更大、更多样化的人群中 进行更多的研究，

using different formulations and combinations of cannabinoids,

使用不同的大麻素配方和组合，

to really be convinced of its benefit and safety.

才能真正确信其益处和安全性。

You still can consume too much,

你仍然可以可以摄入过多大麻素

and it can have negative effects on your physical and mental health.

这可能会对你的身心健康产生负面影响

And plenty of people

而且很多人

have done really silly or dangerous things after having cannabis.

在服用大麻后做了 非常愚蠢或危险的事情。

However, a lot of our understanding

但是，我们对使用大麻相关的风险的理解

of these risks associated with using cannabis

在很大程度上来自于

have come from studying people who use it recreationally.

对娱乐性使用大麻的人的研究。

Again, we need more evidence

同样，我们需要更多证据，

looking at the effects of using cannabis or cannabinoids

研究中使用大麻或大麻素的剂量

in the doses and the populations that use it medicinally.

对药用大麻的人的影响。

As you can see, answering the question

如你所见，

about whether we should use medicinal cannabis to treat sleep disorders

回答关于我们是否应该使用 药用大麻来治疗睡眠障碍的问题

isn't so simple.

并不是那么简单。

To have an informed conversation about the usefulness of cannabinoids

要就大麻素在治疗包括失眠 在内的疾病中的作用

for treating medical conditions, including insomnia,

进行知情的对话

we really need to generate more evidence

我们确实需要获得更多证据

and to understand the science better.

更好地了解科学。

Our research here in Perth is leading the way

我们在珀斯的研究 在回答其中一些复杂问题

in answering some of these complicated questions,

方面处于领先地位，

and the early data is really promising,

而早期的数据确实很有希望，

but the data party has only just started.

但是数据聚会才刚刚开始。

For those of you who were hoping to get the green light

对于那些希望获得批准使用大麻

to use cannabis to get a better night's sleep,

you'll just need to wait for the evidence to grow.

你只需要等待证据的增加即可。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Thank you,

谢谢

and sleep well.

睡个好觉。

(Cheers and applause)

（欢呼和掌声）