Maria Van Kerkhove: How to end the pandemic -- and prepare for the next | TED

Maria Van Kerkhove: The last two weeks have been intense,

翻译人员: 黑猫 千反田 校对人员: sylvia feng

比起之前几年糟糕的情况，

on top of an incredibly intense couple of years,

on top of an incredibly intense couple of years before that.

比起再之前难以置信 的状况，

So with the emergence of Omicron, this new variant of concern,

前两周的情况很紧张。

this was on top of a really serious situation that we're in

自新的担忧变体奥密克戎出现，

currently in the pandemic.

这是近期疫情以来，

I know many people around the world think this pandemic is over,

非常严重的情况。

but unfortunately it's far from over.

我知道，世界上很多人 认为疫情已经结束了。

And in fact, what I wanted to talk with you about in person

但是很遗憾， 疫情还远远没有结束。

实际上，我想当面跟你们谈谈，

was about the fact that never again should we be in a situation

我们绝不应该再处于

where the world is overtaken

and controlled by an invisible virus.

世界由看不见的病毒

Never again should we be in a situation

所打败和控制的境地。

where a virus takes so many lives.

我们绝不应该再处于

And never again should we be in a situation

病毒夺取许多人生命的境地。

where a virus steals so many futures.

我们绝不应该再处于

But unfortunately, we will.

病毒造成经济下行的境地。

And I wanted to talk with you a little bit about why that may be,

但不幸的是， 变种会不断出现。

but also talk about how we can get out of this

我想稍微谈谈， 为什么变种会不断出现，

and how we need to be better prepared.

也要谈谈， 我们该如何渡过难关，

And I am incredibly hopeful

以及该如何未雨绸缪。

that number one, we’ll get out of this pandemic,

我无比希望：

because we will.

We will persevere, we will get out of this pandemic.

第一，疫情会结束，

But what we have to do is work so hard to make sure

因为我们会让它结束。

我们会坚持不懈， 最终消灭疫情。

that we’re better prepared for the next one,

但我们得竭尽全力， 得以确保

because unfortunately there will be.

And every single one of us,

我们准备好迎接下一次疫情的到来。

every single one of you, in the role that you have,

因为很不幸， 疫情会卷土重来。

wherever you are,

我们中的每一个人，

都有自己的责任，

have a role to play in making sure that we are better prepared

不管你在哪，

and that we handle the next one better.

在这场准备中都要做好自己的职责，

Whitney Pennington Rodgers: Thank you for that, Maria.

才能更好地应对下一场疫情。

I know you have some great solutions that you can offer

谢谢你的发言，玛丽亚。

for how we can actually become better prepared.

我知道，你对于我们该如何准备

And before we dive into that, I know a lot of us are curious to know

有一些绝妙的点子。

what you know and what you can share with us about Omicron.

深入讨论之前， 我知道很多人很好奇，

What do we know right now about about this variant?

你对奥密克戎了解多少， 又能跟我们分享什么信息呢。

现在我们对这个变种的 了解有多少？

MVK: So it's a variant of concern.

It's a new variant,

it's highly divergent from the other variants that are circulating,

这是担忧变种。

是新的变种。

other viruses that are circulating.

奥密克戎 与现传播的其它变种

And it is quite different from the other ones that we know about.

有很大差异。

It has a large number of mutations.

它也与我们所了解的其它变种 有很多不同。

And the concern that we have is the number of mutations that are there,

它有很多突变。

some of the ones that are present in this variant, Omicron,

担忧变种里有一些突变

are present in some of the other ones: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta.

在奥密克戎变种里有表现，

And we know that they have some detrimental properties.

而这些表现也出现在其它变种里： 阿尔法、贝塔、伽马、德尔塔。

For example, some of these mutations can confer increased transmissibility.

这些突变里有一些有毒特性。

比如，一些突变可以加速传播。

Some of them can confer potential immune escape,

which means our vaccines may not work as well.

一些突变可以提高 潜在免疫逃逸能力，

Now, right now, as I speak to you today, the evidence is emerging.

这就意味着， 疫苗无法完全发挥作用。

就在我和你谈话的此时此刻， 对此的证据正不断涌现。

There are scientists around the world

who are generating evidence, who are sharing it with us in real time,

全世界的科学家

and with the world, so that we know more about it.

都在找寻证据， 并实时分享给WHO和全世界，

We understand that this variant has some properties of increased transmissibility,

我们得以更了解奥密克戎。

我们知道， 奥密克戎有加速传播的特性，

but we don't know exactly how much,

and we don't know if it will outcompete Delta.

但我们并不清楚 具体会加速多少，

So you have to remember that this is all in the context of Delta,

也不清楚， 会不会比德尔塔更可怕。

another variant of concern that is raging worldwide

所以你们必须谨记， 要将其当成德尔塔一样对待，

and killing people worldwide.

是另一种蔓延全球， 夺人性命的

We know a little bit about severity,

担忧变种。

but not enough to be able to give you the profile

我们略微清楚其严重性，

of whether or not there is more --

但还没有清楚到 能够提供数据列表，

those who are infected with Omicron have more severe disease or less.

来下奥密克戎是否更严重的定论——

感染奥密克戎的病人 是更重症还是更轻症。

So that data is unfolding,

and we hope to have more of that in the next week or so.

But people infected with Omicron can have mild disease,

数据还在统计中，

我们希望下周左右， 能得到更多的数据。

and they can have severe disease and die.

感染奥密克戎的病人 可能只是轻症，

We just don't know enough yet

because it takes time for people to be infected,

也可能是重症，并最终死去。

develop disease and actually progress to severe disease,

我们对此还不清楚，

因为从人遭到感染、

if they in fact will progress to severe disease.

得病、到变成重症需要时间，

And the big question is, will the vaccines work?

如果病人最后得了重症，

And what we understand from some of the mutations within Omicron,

一个重要问题是， 疫苗还有效吗？

我们知道奥密克戎的一些突变

they do confer some potential immune escape,

or what we call immune escape,

which means the vaccines may not be as effective.

确实有潜在免疫逃逸能力，

也称作免疫逃脱，

But the vaccines that we have right now

这意味着， 疫苗不会那么有效。

are incredibly effective at preventing severe disease and death.

但我们现在研发出的疫苗，

Incredibly effective.

对防重症以及重症导致的死亡 都有很好的效果。

It's astounding that so many vaccines are actually available.

成效卓著。

得以提供那么多疫苗 是很惊人的成就。

And what we need are people all over the world to get vaccinated.

而我们要做的， 就是全世界的人都去接种。

But most importantly,

we need people who are at risk in every single country

最重要的是，

to get vaccinated,

每个国家里， 处于风险中的每个人

rather than giving more and more and more vaccines

to people who are already protected.

都得以接种，

而不是提供越来越多的疫苗

This is a global problem, and we need a global solution.

给已经接种过的人。

We cannot protect one country.

这是个全球性的问题， 我们需要全球性的解决方案。

We cannot protect one population while other people suffer.

我们不能只保护某个国家。

So that's something WHO is working very hard on

我们不能只保护一国国民， 而让其他人受苦。

in terms of ensuring vaccine equity

这正是WHO竭力而行，

and working with partners all over the world on this.

并和世界各地的伙伴所做的，

WPR: And I don't know if you can hear,

即：确保疫苗分配公平。

but you got a lot of applause on that last statement.

我不知道你能不能听到，

You know, I think it's interesting that the variant, at least for me,

你最后一句话引来了一阵掌声。

it's definitely caught me off guard, every time there is a new variant,

我觉得这很有趣， 至少对我而言，

you know, Omicron, Delta, Alpha, all the ones you've mentioned.

你刚才提到的： 奥密克戎、德尔塔、阿尔法，

And I’m curious if you think that this is something we can expect for the future.

每次出现新变种， 都打得我措手不及。

Are we living in a world

我很好奇，

where this is just going to be continuous?

现在的世界，

是不是会不断有变种出现？

MVK: We are.

The emergence of Omicron is completely expected.

是的。

奥密克戎的出现 完全在意料之中。

You know, the virus is evolving.

This is what viruses do.

And the more the virus circulates, the more opportunities it has to change.

病毒在不断进化。

奥密克戎就是病毒的进化。

病毒传播越广， 就越有可能变异。

Delta is also evolving.

We're tracking at least 30 sublineages right now of Delta,

德尔塔也是进化而来的。

我们在追踪德尔塔 至少30种亚种，

one of which has increased transmissibility properties.

The question is not just their emergence but if they actually take off.

其中一种就有提高 传播速度的特性。

问题并不仅仅是它出现了， 而是它有没有继承这种特性。

So there's a lot of concern of Omicron, and there should be,

because of the sheer number of mutations that we've seen.

所以对于奥密克戎有许多担忧， 这也是理所应当的，

But whether or not this variant outcompetes Delta,

因为我们只认出了一些突变。

但奥密克戎 会不会比德尔塔危险，

we don't know yet.

But we just want to put this into context of what's happening worldwide.

现在还不清楚。

但要把它和当今世界的 情形结合起来看。

I mean, the big story a week ago was what was happening in Europe.

You know, where almost 70 percent of the cases worldwide were in Europe,

一周前欧洲的情形。

欧洲确诊量占全球接近70%，

where, you know, people are dying where they have access to vaccine.

So the big question is: Why is that?

虽然有疫苗可接种， 很多人却在不断死去。

Why are we not actually getting the vaccines

to those who are most at risk?

所以，重要的问题是： 为什么会这样？

At the same time,

为什么我们不能将疫苗

why are we not actually driving transmission down where we can?

送到最需要的人手上？

同时，

And I don't mean lockdown.

为什么在有条件的地方， 我们没却没能降低传播率？

This idea that we have to either be completely open or completely closed

降低传播率， 我并不是指封城。

要么完全开放，开么完全封闭 的想法，

is frankly rubbish.

We have masks, we have distancing,

we have efforts to improve ventilation where we live, where we work,

烂得一塌糊涂。

我们戴口罩，保持社交距离，

where we study.

我们改善家里、工作场所、 和学习场所

We know we can avoid crowds.

Why aren't we doing that right now, not forever?

的卫生环境，

我们清楚， 我们可以避开聚集之地。

We're not going to be in this pandemic forever.

这么做只是暂时的， 而不是永恒的。

It will end.

That is something that I can say for certain,

我们不会永远活在疫情阴霾下。

that this pandemic will end.

疫情总会结束。

我敢保证，

The question is when.

And the question is: Are we all going to actually come together?

疫情一定会结束。

问题是， 什么时候能结束？

Are leaders actually going to come together to bring us closer to the end

问题是， 我们真的全体团结一心了吗？

领袖们真的团结一致， 要领导我们结束疫情了吗？

or push us further from that end point?

WPR: I think that that's an interesting question to think about

还是， 让结束之日更加遥远了呢？

when we think about your role with the World Health Organization.

这是个有趣的问题，

And even just taking a step back to the beginning of the pandemic,

考虑到你在WHO担任的职位。

I'd be so interested to hear what your experience has been

让我们退回疫情一开始， 和我们讲讲

over these past two years

你在过去这两年的经历，

and what your involvement has been in thinking about preparedness

以及就抗疫准备，

for COVID-19.

你做了哪些工作，

我对这些很感兴趣。

MVK: Well, it's been intense.

I mean, part of me feels like this has been happening for years.

工作很繁重。

Well, it has been two years, we're entering the third year.

我有时候觉得疫情已经好几年了。

是，疫情两年了， 即将进入第三年。

Part of me, you know, it's an instant.

This was something, you know,

但是，有时候我觉得 也就一眨眼的时间。

that was not necessarily a matter of if, but when.

这只是

这只是时间问题。

But I think the issue that I struggle with the most

is that it didn't need to be this bad.

不过我最挣扎的点在于，

There will always be emerging pathogens.

疫情本来不会发展得这么糟糕的。

There will always be the threat of a new virus that will infect us.

永远都会冒出新的病原体

And in a susceptible world,

总会出现新的威胁， 出现新的感染病毒

people will get infected.

To be able to prevent all pandemics,

在这个脆弱的世界，

I don't actually think is possible,

人们总会被感染。

要预防所有疫情，

but we can be in a better situation

where we mitigate the chance of it spilling over from an animal to a human

我不认为可行，

但是我们可以做得更好，

从而减少人畜传播，

and then spreading.

And, you know, the last two years have been of focus.

以及扩散的机会。

They’ve been ... concerned.

过去的两年一直是焦点，

I have to say,

也一直备受关注。

I would love to just thank all of my colleagues here at WHO.

不得不说，

I mean, I work with incredible people all over the world,

我得感谢世卫组织的 全体同仁，

not just here in HQ,

我和全世界优秀的人共事，

but here in Geneva,

in our six regional offices, in our 152 country offices.

不仅包括在总部的同事，

在日内瓦的同事，

People who are on the ground every single day,

还包括在世卫所在的六个地区办事处 和152个国家办事处的同事。

they have a much harder job than I do.

他们每天 都在实地奋战，

But we all have a role to play, and I have felt overwhelmed at times.

做着比我困难得多的工作。

但我们都重任在肩。 尽管有时我不堪重负，

I’ve felt distraught at times.

But I get up every single day, and I’m inspired by the people I work with.

有时我心烦意乱，

And I feel that I have a platform,

但我每天都会振作起来， 并深受同仁的鼓舞。

and I feel privileged to be part of this.

我有个绝佳的平台，

When this began, my husband said to me --

并因为自己是其中一份子 而感到骄傲。

well, we have two little boys, 11 and almost three --

疫情爆发时， 我丈夫对我说——

and he said to me, in the beginning of this, he's like,

我有个11岁的男孩， 和一个快3岁的男孩——

"I got this, I got the boys, I got the house.

疫情爆发时， 他说：

You go, deal with that."

“我来处理，我来照顾孩子们， 我来支撑这个家。”

And to have that level of support in my family,

“你走吧，把疫情搞定。”

to be able to do this job, is special, because none of this is normal.

来自家人充分的支持，

让我能安心做这个工作，是不寻常的， 因为整件事没一个是正常的。

The hours that we work -- and I'm not complaining,

but I have support in my family,

不是抱怨哈，我们的 工作时长可不是开玩笑的。

and I know my family will watch this and send me wonderful text messages,

不过我有家人支持我，

but it inspires me.

我知道我家人肯定会看这个视频， 然后给我发鼓劲的信息，

And I think all of us,

I think what you guys were saying before about helping each other

激励我。

and inspiring each other,

我们所有人，

你们之前所提的， 互相帮助啊，

I think we need to do a hell of a lot more of,

because the negative out there is awful.

互相鼓励啊，

我们需要做更多，

And something as a scientist I've never experienced before

因为外界的负面消息很糟糕。

作为一个科学家， 我之前从来没有经历过

or am completely unprepared to deal with is the negative.

或者说，完全没有准备好 应对这些负面消息。

What I am personally accused of,

what WHO as an organization is accused of,

我作为个人，遭到控诉的内容，

it's hard for me to wrap my head around

世卫作为组织，遭到控诉的内容，

because my entire job is to help people and to save people's lives.

都让我很难理解，

The entire job of the director-general is to keep people safe.

我所有的工作， 都旨在帮助大家，救大家的命，

That's all we're here for.

总干事所有的工作， 都旨在保障大家的安全。

There is no other agenda.

So it’s been tough, and I’m struggling,

这就是我们的使命。

没有任何其它的目的。

but I think that's normal.

尽管情况很严峻， 尽管我感觉很艰难，

I think if I weren't struggling, you may wonder what's wrong with me,

不过我觉得这很正常。

but it's hard.

可能如果我不觉得艰难， 你们反而会觉得我有毛病，

WPR: Well, thank you for all that you're doing and have been doing.

但是这还是很难。

And, you know, I think part of what,

感谢你们正在做的，和所做的一切。

to this point of the things you've been struggling with

我觉得，一部分

and the things that you're hearing from people

你们感觉很艰难的原因，

is that I think from a public perspective,

以及你们听到的外界负面声音

there is this sense of confusion about the information we're receiving

的原因是， 从公众角度说，

and where we're receiving it from.

我们对我们所接受到的信息，

And you know, how possible do you think it is for us

to have some sort of coordinated response

以及我们从哪里接收到 信息感到困惑。

你觉得有多大可能，

or coordinated source of information from people that we look to,

我们能从这方面权威的专家那里，

从权威的组织那里

organizations that we look to as authorities on this subject?

获得协调一致的对策 和协调一致来源的信息？

MVK: It's entirely possible.

It's entirely possible.

这完全有可能。

There is a global plan for COVID-19.

这完全有可能。

In this world that we live in,

全球对新冠肺炎有统一的计划。

where there are so many challenges that all of us face,

我们生活的这个世界，

有太多的挑战要面对，

COVID-19 has solutions.

We, as WHO, issued a plan

新冠疫情有解决方法。

four days after we declared this as a public health emergency

作为世卫组织， 在我们宣布

of international concern.

新冠肺炎为全球担忧的 公共卫生紧急事件的四天后，

Before we reached the state of a pandemic,

就发布了计划。

which is important, because you want to raise the alarm

早在全球大流行前，

before you're actually in a pandemic.

这很重要， 因为要在全球大流行前，

The plan exists in that sense.

为世界敲响警钟。

What I think many countries didn't take into account

计划的意义就在于此。

was how important leadership is.

很多国家没有将领导力有多重要

And in particular, political leadership.

考虑在内，

What we saw in many countries in the beginning of this pandemic

特别是政治上的领导力。

is those countries that had experience with SARS, with MERS,

在疫情初始， 很多经历过SARS，

with avian influenza, with Ebola,

经历过MERS，

they knew the threat firsthand.

经历过禽流感， 经历过埃博拉的国家，

They didn't need all of the data in front of them to understand

因为它们亲历过这种威胁，

what a risk this posed.

不需要所有的数据， 就能理解

And they acted aggressively.

这会带来多大风险。

And those countries that had that experience

因此它们积极采取行动。

really tackled this with the aggression that was necessary.

有了之前的经历， 这些国家

Far too many countries thought,

采取必要的手段， 积极防疫。

"Not a problem for us.

有太多的国家觉得，

It's a problem over there.

We've got a health system that's very strong.

“这和我们无关，

这是别处的事。

We can handle it."

But when you have an emerging new virus

我们有强大的医疗体系。

我们能应对。”

where the entire world is susceptible,

但我们所处的世界非常脆弱，

you know very little about it --

一旦出现新的病毒，

it can spread very easily between people,

且你对其知之甚少，

it can cause everything from asymptomatic to severe disease and death

病毒就很容易快速传播，

可以从无症状，到重症，再到死亡

and can overwhelm your systems so quickly --

that experience with those past epidemics really was lifesaving.

可以快速击垮你们的医疗系统——

过去防疫的经验真是救命稻草。

And what was key in those countries is that

from the experience that they had with those past epidemics,

而这些国家抗疫的关键便是，

they took steps following the ends of those outbreaks to make change.

它们吸取之前流行病的经验，

They invested in surveillance.

流行病结束后， 积极采取措施来改善情况。

They invested in a workforce with their clinicians and their nurses

它们投资流行病监测，

投资医护人员，

and their community health workers.

They invested in testing and contact tracers.

投资社区卫生工作者，

投资检测和流调技术，

And they invested in changing of some laws,

some public health laws,

that allowed the governments to act where necessary

投资一些公共卫生法

while keeping in mind the rights of people.

的修改，

使得政府得以采取必要的行动，

And so what we've seen in so many countries,

同时将人民的权利牢记于心。

mainly in the East,

这些国家

mainly in Asia, in the Pacific,

大多是东方国家，

across Africa,

大多是太平洋地区的

they may not have had the perfect systems in place.

亚洲和非洲国家。

Quite frankly, nobody does,

but they used the capacities that they had strategically

它们或许没有完美的应对体系，

老实说，没有一个国家有，

但它们以机智的方式，

and in such a smart way,

and they fared much, much better in the beginning of this pandemic.

战略性地使用既有的能力，

And I think all of us need to ask what could have been.

在疫情初期， 得以超常发挥。

I think that's the part that I struggle with the most,

我想，我们都应该问问自己， 原本会是怎么样。

is like: What could have been?

I don't let it hold me back

我觉得最艰难的部分， 可能就是问问自己：

because otherwise it would be very hard to get out of bed.

原本会是怎么样？

我不想沉浸对过去的幻想中，

But I think what can I do today with the platform that I have today?

否则每天早上都很难从被窝里出来。

What can I do with the teams that I have,

但是，有着这么好的平台， 我今天能做什么？

with the role that I have,

to make today a hell of a lot better than it was yesterday?

有着这么好的团队， 我能做什么？

And that's why I feel so privileged in the job that I have.

有着这样的重任，

我能做什么， 让今天远比昨天更好？

WPR: Well, that's great --

这也是为什么我为我 的工作感到如此骄傲。

(Applause)

I don't know if you can hear this applause, Maria,

太棒了。

but you're getting a lot of applause through this conversation.

（掌声）

玛丽亚，我不知道你 能不能听到观众的掌声，

People are really appreciating what you're sharing with us.

但在这场谈话里， 你获得了许多的掌声。

I think that's a good place for us to dive into next.

观众真的很感激你和我们分享的信息。

And you alluded to this at the very top of the conversation,

我觉得那些信息有助于 我们探讨下一个问题。

that you have some ideas

你在对话的一开始，就提到了这些。

for how we can change the trajectory of this,

how we can do better as individuals, as organizations, as governments.

你对我们该如何抗疫、

个人、组织和政府

And I'd love to hear what you think we could actually do

该如何做得更好有些想法，

to move forward and chart a better path.

我想听听你认为， 我们可以实际做些什么，

MVK: Well, there’s so many, so many things we can do,

来向前迈进， 制定更好的行动计划。

and I know we’re not going to talk for the next three hours.

可以做的事有太多了，

But a lot of this is about the investment

我们也没法说上三小时，

that we make now

and the changes that we make right now,

但很多事都和我们现在决定的

while we're going through this traumatic experience.

投资相关，

以及我们现在做的改变相关，

In the example that I just gave with countries that did better,

我们现在正在经历一段创伤。

they made changes following that trauma

我刚才举的那些做得更好 的国家的例子里，

and in the middle of that trauma.

它们在创伤后

And in the middle of this pandemic around the world,

及创伤期都做了改变。

what we need are governments to make change and make those investments.

在全球疫情处于中期的情况下，

Pandemic preparedness is a constant.

我们需要政府做出相应 的改变和投资方案。

It doesn't start and stop.

对大流行病的准备应当是常态。

And unfortunately,

we are currently living through cycles of panic and neglect

而不是只有启动和停止两种模式。

但是很不幸，

in the middle of the worst pandemic we've had in a century.

我们现处于一个世纪以来， 最严重的大流行病中，

却在恐慌和好了伤疤忘了疼 的心态里反复横跳。

And this boggles my mind

because if we don't use this opportunity

这让我无法理解，

to make those changes in building that infrastructure,

如果我们没有充分利用这次机会，

that public health infrastructure in primary health care,

做出相应的建造基础设施的改变，

making sure that people have access to tools,

即增盖初级卫生保健方面的 公共卫生基础设施，

to life-saving tools like diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines,

确保每个人都享有

如检测、治疗和疫苗等 救命医疗服务和工具，

when is the right time to actually do that?

So we've been working very hard through our COVAX and partners

那么，什么时候才是 做这些事的正确时机？

to ensure vaccine equity around the world.

通过COVAX和合作伙伴 艰苦卓绝的努力，

But governments also need to make changes right now.

我们确保疫苗得以全球公平分配。

Because when this is over,

但政府也需要立即做出改变。

and again, it will end,

we're going to move on to the next crisis

因为疫情结束后，

我再重申一次， 疫情会结束的，

because there's plenty on deck.

我们就要面对下一次危机，

The other thing that is really quite exciting to me

因为流行病总会源源不断而来。

and we don't know all about this yet,

虽然我们还不了解全貌，

is this pandemic treaty.

我对另一件事相当兴奋，

So this week, in WHO and around the world,

即疫情条约。

本周，世卫组织以及

governments, ministries from all of our member states

met at a special session of the World Health Assembly.

所有成员国的政府首脑 和部署委官员

And this is really, really unique

都会在世界卫生大会的 一次特别会议上会晤。

because it's not common for WHO to bring member states together for one topic.

本次大会真的非常特别，

因为世卫组织将所有成员国 就一个主题集合起来并不常见。

And what they decided to do

was to come together to develop this pandemic treaty,

this agreement, this protocol.

大会决定，

共同合作，制定疫情条约，

I don't know what it will eventually be called,

制定该协议和议定书。

but to come together to make a promise

我不清楚最终会将该条约命名成什么，

and to make a contract to do better on pandemic preparedness.

不过这次，我们 聚在一起，做出承诺，

签订协议，更好地为防疫做准备。

And this is really critical because it goes beyond words.

It goes into a binding agreement that all countries have to follow

而这点真的很关键， 因为不仅仅是几个字，

而是有约束力的一纸协议， 所有国家都必须遵守。

so that we are actually better prepared,

not just say we will, because that's easy.

所以我们其实做了更好的准备，

What we need to do is actually take those concrete steps.

而不是会做好更好的准备， 因为说说容易。

So this week was a really important week.

我们所要做的就是落实 这些具体的举措。

All of us are really quite excited about this,

所以这一周真的至关重要。

and we’re so proud of our director-general for bringing everybody together on this.

我们每个人都对这个协议很兴奋，

我们也很自豪，总干事能让 所有领导齐聚一堂，签下这份协约。

But this has to come --

It will take some time as the treaty is developed,

这份协约是非签不可的。

and the contents of the treaty need to be discussed and negotiated,

随着条约的制定， 这将需要些时间，

and this will take some time.

条约的内容也需要经过协商和妥协，

But it was a really, really important step.

And for us, what we need to see is

这些都要时间。

但这是至关重要的一步，

you think of the last time some of these big agreements were made.

至于我们，我们可以想想

Think about the last World War.

你能想起来的 上一次这么重要的条约是什么。

Think about after World War II, when all of the countries came together,

想想第二次世界大战吧。

and instead of having isolationism,

想想二战结束后， 所有的国家齐聚一堂，

they came together for multilateralism.

他们没有搞孤立主义，

And you think about the situation of "never again,"

而是一起搞起了多边主义。

like, never again being in this situation.

想想“永远不再发生”吧，

This is actually an opportunity to take that one step forward.

人类永远不要再陷入这种境地。

So this is a good step.

这是一个机会，让我们更进一步。

It will take some time to actually develop,

but all of us are really quite excited that that step was taken this week.

所以这是一步好棋。

条约拟定，需要花些时间。

条约会在本周拟定， 我们对此都很兴奋。

WPR: I think that to your last point,

there is this question of: How do you hold people accountable?

针对你最后一点，

You know, there have been other agreements,

我有个问题： 你如何让人们会对此负责？

and it seems like the intentions are there to make things better.

毕竟历史上有这么多协议，

But how do you ensure that this is more than just, you know, words on paper?

协议的初衷都是好的。

但你要怎么保证，这些内容 可以真正落实，而不只是一纸空文？

MVK: Well, this is a step getting us closer to that.

I mean, I think all of us in this whole pandemic about accountability,

我认为

我们所有人都要对这场疫情负责，

it's really critical.

I mean, think about it in your own daily life,

about what you are accountable for and what you are responsible for.

这是非常重要的。

想想你生活里，

This is TEDWomen, I mean,

你该对什么负责。

you've got amazing people there in the audience

who have jobs and careers and passions and families.

这是TEDWomen平台，

观众都十分优秀，

We’re accountable for I don’t know how many things in our daily lives.

大家都有工作，有职业， 有激情和家庭。

我们要对生活里数不清的事情负责。

But we know that,

we know that we are responsible things,

and we are accountable to our families and to our jobs and to our staff.

我们很清楚，

我们对很多事情负责，

对家庭负责、对工作负责、对员工负责。

We need governments accountable as well.

We need all governments to be in a position

我们需要政府同样负起责任。

where they take steps to be better prepared.

我们要让政府采取步骤，

We need governments in better positions

做更好的准备。

where they can share information more regularly with us

我们要让政府能

and with the world,

更加定期向我们提供信息，

because this is how decisions are made.

And we need the mechanisms in place to be able to do so.

也向世界提供信息，

只有得知了这些信息， 我们才能做出决策。

We need sharing of samples.

We need sharing of materials.

我们需要相应的机制， 以做到这一点。

We need people to be able to better collaborate.

我们需要分享样本。

我们需要分享物资。

Scientific world collaborates.

我们需要大家更为紧密地合作。

We don't need a treaty for that.

We just do that because no matter who’s in office,

我们需要科学家无国界进行合作。

我们不需要对此制定条约，

no matter what political cycle is there,

便能本能地去做。 不管谁是领导，

we work together,

不管有什么样的政治周期，

but we need that from a political level as well

and through ministries of health.

我们都会共同合作。

So this is quite exciting for us to hold more governments accountable.

不管是政治机构，

还是卫生部门，都得携手同行。

And all of us as citizens have to hold our own leaders accountable.

有更多的政府愿意负责， 我们很激动。

And wherever we live,

我们作为公民， 也要督促领导负责。

whatever mechanism we have by that, we should.

And we should hold our governments accountable for vaccine equity.

不管你们身处何处，

不管你们是哪种政治体制， 我们都应该这么做。

So we should be screaming from the rooftops.

我们还要公开呼吁，

I cannot believe that more people are not screaming from the rooftops

督促政府公平分配疫苗。

about vaccine inequity from this pandemic.

我相信，这场疫情中， 有越来越多人

We have safe and effective vaccines that were developed in record time

公开谴责疫苗不公平分配现象。

based on a lot of existing collaboration, based on years of work.

我们以破纪录的速度， 制造出了安全且有效的疫苗，

But these are safe and effective against the Delta variant,

这些都得益于无数的合作， 得益于多年的研究。

which is dominant worldwide.

针对蔓延全球的德尔塔变种，

Why aren't those in every single country

疫苗安全又有效。

and in the arms of people who are most at risk?

为什么不能将疫苗分配给每个国家，

People are dying unnecessarily.

让最危险的每个人都接种上疫苗？

Where is the accountability for that?

人们正在死去， 而这种死亡本可以避免。

So I think all of us have a role to play,

这种现象，该让谁来负责？

whether or not it’s you asking your government to take some steps,

不管你有没有呼吁政府采取措施，

or whether or not it's you making sure you keep yourself safe.

不管你有没有保证自己的安全，

So if you think it's over, even where you live,

我们每个人都有该尽的责任。

because I know many people do,

所以，如果你觉得 身处的地方疫情已经结束，

you still have a responsibility to make sure you keep yourself safe

虽然确实很多人这么想，

and keep your family safe.

你仍然有该尽的责任， 那就是保证自己安全，

Please, if you hear anything from me today, please do that.

保证家人安全。

Please remain vigilant.

如果你今天有从我今天 的采访里学到什么，请马上去做。

Because everything you do every day

will either get us closer to ending this pandemic --

请继续保持警惕。

你每天做的事，

or it will prolong it.

So please play your part.

要么能让我们更快结束疫情，

要么能让我们更晚结束疫情。

(Applause)

所以，拜托你尽你的一份责任。

（掌声）

WPR: Thank you so much for sharing all of this with us,

and we’re sorry we missed you in person

感谢你和我们分享了这么多信息，

but are so appreciative that you took the time out

很抱歉，我们没法邀请 你本人来到现场，

of what we know is an extremely busy schedule

但很感谢，你从百忙之中

to share this with us and be here with us virtually.

抽出时间，

And we can't wait to see you hopefully at the next TEDWomen

在线上和我们进行交流。

sometime in person.

希望我们可以尽快在下一次的

Thank you, Maria.

MVK: Thank you so much for having me.

TED Women线下相会。

谢谢你，玛丽亚。

WPR: Thank you for your work.

你们能邀请我，我很高兴。

(Applause)

感谢你所作出的工作。

（掌声）