The Tree-Growing Movement Restoring Africa’s Vital Landscapes | Wanjira Mathai | TED

翻译人员: Pei Shuan Goh 校对人员: suya f.

I would love to introduce you to three remarkable women I know.

我很乐意为大家介绍 三位我认识的杰出的女性。

Meet Jane Maigua, Charity Wangui and Loise Maina.

她们是珍·玛伊瓜, 查瑞逖·旺桂伊，

和路伊丝·玛伊娜。

Now, these three women are restoration champions.

这三位女性都是森林修复卫士。

They started a company six years ago in my hometown of Nairobi,

六年前，她们在我 的家乡内罗毕创办了一所公司，

purchasing macadamia nuts from farmers,

向农民们购买夏威夷果，

processing them and selling them around the world.

经过加工并转售到世界各地去。

Today, Exotic EPZ is in partnership with 9,000 farmers across the country.

今天，Exotic EPZ 和全国超过 9,000名农民合作。

Imagine for a minute the tree-growing movement

想象一下，这些女士能在肯亚

these women could catalyze across Kenya.

推动多少植树运动。

Now here's another group of women that I absolutely adore.

这是另外一组我非常欣赏的女士们。

These are the women of Maragua.

她们是来自马拉瓜的女性。

These women are discovering the wonders of bamboo.

这些女士正在探索竹子 的广泛用途。

They are planting bamboo and sharing across their communities.

她们正在种植竹林， 并把其分享给自己的社群。

They're using bamboo for entrepreneurship.

她们利用竹子来创业。

They're using bamboo for restoration, and they're using it for firewood.

她们使用竹子进行森林恢复， 也把它当作柴火使用。

Now these restoration champions have something in common.

这些森林恢复卫士们有几个共同点。

They are using nature to reduce poverty,

她们利用大自然来减少贫困，

accelerate the re-greening of Africa

加速非洲绿化，

and secure livelihoods.

以及保障生计安稳。

Now, this is part of the AFR100 Movement

这是AFR100运动 （非洲森林恢复倡议）

的一部分。

an Africa-wide initiative to restore 100 million hectares of land

这是一项旨在2023年末 恢复1亿公顷土地

by 2030.

的全非洲倡议。

All on a continent where we know 60 percent of soils are degraded.

我们所熟悉的大陆中 有60%的土壤已退化。

And this is only the beginning

而这仅仅是一个开始

because the restoration potential in Africa

因为非洲的恢复潜能

is 750 million hectares,

是7.5亿公顷，

equal to the size landmass of Australia.

相当于澳大利亚的总陆地面积。

And this on a continent where 60 percent of the land is degraded.

这是在一个土壤退化 占了60%的大陆上。

Now, why is this important?

为何这点如此重要呢？

This is because restoration breaks the cycle of degradation.

因为恢复能打破 退化的恶性循环。

It is at once about climate mitigation

这不但涉及气候缓解，

and cushioning communities against the worst impacts of climate change.

也能缓冲气候变迁对社区 带来的最恶劣影响。

My organization, the World Resources Institute,

我的组织，世界资源研究所，

is working with AFR100 very closely.

正和AFR100密切合作。

We are helping them to raise resources needed for restoration,

我们帮助他们筹措森林恢复 所需要的资源，

to accelerate the establishment of sound policies

以便加速制定健全的政策

so that restoration is incentivized.

从而激励森林恢复计划。

And also establishing platforms like this one,

我们也建立了像这样的平台，

so restoration champions have the platforms and there’s training

好让森林恢复卫士们 有个（交流的）平台，

that they need to accelerate restoration.

以及提供加速森林恢复 所需的培训。

Now without these local leaders,

没有这些地方领导人，

local wisdom, local knowledge

地方智慧，地方知识，

and the passion that drives restoration champions,

和驱动森林恢复卫士们的热忱，

scaling restoration on the African continent

扩张恢复非洲大陆的计划，

would virtually be impossible.

是几乎不可能的。

Now, my name is Wanjira Mathai, and I have a personal connection to trees.

我的名字是万吉拉·马塔伊， 我对树木有一种私人联系。

When we were growing up, my brothers and I,

在我们的成长过程中， 我和我的兄弟，

our mother, Wangari Mathai,

我的母亲，旺加里·马塔伊，

who founded the Green Belt Movement

创办了绿化带运动

and won the 2004 Nobel Peace Prize for this work --

并因此荣获2004年诺贝尔和平奖

(Applause)

（鼓掌声）

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（鼓掌声）

She spent hours

她花了无数时间

sharing just how beautiful Kenya was when she was growing up.

分享她成长中的肯亚 是有多么的美丽。

The river’s, crystal clear.

清澈见底的河川。

The hillsides and valleys, covered in forests.

碧树涛涛的千山万壑。

The plains were teeming with wildlife and the soils, she would say,

充满了野生动物的平原， 而她说我们的土壤，

produced the most delicious sweet potatoes and vegetables.

生产出让人垂涎欲滴的 红薯和蔬菜。

Hunger was virtually unknown.

饥馑几乎不存在。

By the 1970s, a lot had changed.

但是在1970年代， 一切经历了很大的变化。

Landscapes were already degraded, rivers were silted with precious topsoil.

景观已经历退化， 珍贵的表土淤积于河川里。

The plains were already losing their wildlife,

野生动物已逐渐从平原中消失，

and the soils were largely degraded.

大部分的土壤也已经退化。

Now, half a century on,

半个世纪以后的如今，

and the process of degradation has only accelerated.

退化的过程正持续加剧中。

And not only in Kenya.

而这不仅仅是在肯亚而已。

27 of the 40 most climate-vulnerable countries in the world

在40个最易受气候影响的 脆弱国家之中，有27个

are found on the African continent.

处于非洲大陆。

And hunger and drought,

饥馑和干旱，

for those farmers, 60 percent of them who live on the African continent,

对60%生活在非洲大陆 的农民来说

is an everyday occurrence.

已是习以为常的事。

But why is this important?

但是，为什么这是这么重要呢？

Why is this important?

为什么这点那么重要？

Because restoration reverses and breaks the cycle of degradation.

因为森林恢复能逆转和 打断退化的循环。

And there is hope.

我们还有希望。

Because here is an example,

因为这里有个先例，

the Green Belt Movement.

绿化带运动。

The Green Belt Movement is an example of a restoration champion in Kenya.

绿带化运动是肯亚 森林恢复的一个最佳榜样。

50 million trees planted by a network of 5,000 women today.

如今，由5,000名女士组成的 网路种植了5,000万棵树。

And they do this by organizing themselves into groups,

她们通过分类小组来完成这一点，

generating tree nurseries, collecting seeds themselves that they sow,

建立苗圃， 收集自己所散播的种子，

generate seedlings and plant on public land and private land.

孕育出幼苗，然后把它们 种植在公共和私人土地上。

This is the genius of restoration champions.

这就是森林恢复卫士们的才智。

Now, I have seen this work firsthand in a forest not too far from where I live,

我曾经亲眼目睹了这一切， 就在离我居所不远处的一片森林，

the Aberdare Forest.

阿伯德尔森林.

This is one of my favorite forests.

这是我最喜爱的森林之一。

A few years ago it was degraded,

数年前，这片森林还处于退化状态，

but thanks to the pioneering work of the Green Belt Movement

但是多亏了绿化带运动 的开拓性工作，

and many others like them,

以及许多和他们一样的人，

this forest has largely been restored.

大部分的森林已经被恢复了。

And I love spending time in this forest

我非常喜欢在这片森林里度过时光，

because as far as the eye can see are trees.

因为目之所及，绿树成荫。

You could almost see them drawing out carbon dioxide and pumping out oxygen,

我几乎能看见到它们正在吸取 二氧化碳和释放出氧气，

holding on to precious topsoil.

紧抓着珍贵的表土。

And the crystal clear waterfalls

还有清澈的瀑布

that supply the rivers of Nairobi,

正灌输着内罗毕的百川，

the city where I live.

我居住的城市。

AFR100 will take practices like these across the African continent

AFR100 会把类似的做法弘扬 到非洲大陆各个角落，

and replicate them

并且复制它，

not merely to halt deforestation,

不仅是为了制止森林砍伐，

but to reverse it.

而是为了扭转这种现象。

Because that's what is needed.

因为这正是我们所需要的。

Now, it's not uncommon for people to say

我们常听到一些人声称

that initiatives like those supported by AFR100

由AFR100所资助的倡议，

are too small or too risky for meaningful investments.

对有意义的投资而言 规模太小，仰或是风险太大。

But our work at AFR100 shows

但是我们在AFR00的工作证明了

that not only are these initiatives economical and transformative,

这些倡议不只经济化和具有变革性，

they make financial sense.

从财政角度来看也非常合理。

Our research also shows that initiatives like these

我们的研究显示了这些

that are locally led and managed

由当地人领导和管理的倡议

are 20 times more likely to deliver long-term success.

相比之下有超过20倍的 可能性达到长期成功。

And they are also more likely to deliver economic and environmental benefits.

而他们也更有可能带来 经济和环境效益。

So if we invest in initiatives like Tilaa in Ghana,

所以，如果我们投资在像 加纳的Tilaa这样的倡议

AFR100,

AFR100，

the Green Belt movement,

绿化带运动，

GreenPort in Kenya and ARCOS in Rwanda,

肯尼亚的GreenPort企业, 以及卢旺达的ARCOS，

they will in turn invest in thousands and thousands of restoration champions

他们将转而投资在数以千计 的森林修复卫士身上，

who will restore their landscapes

而他们将会致力于恢复景观，

and restore their livelihoods.

恢复生计。

Now, this is exactly the sort of inclusive transformation we need to see

这，就是我们须要看到 的横跨非洲大陆的

across the African continent.

包容性变革。

Now all my life,

我的一生里，

I was made acutely aware

我深刻的了解

of just how precious green vegetation truly is.

绿植被有多么的珍贵。

Nature is the source of everything good

“大自然是一切美好的泉源”

my mother would tell me all the time.

这是我母亲无时无刻 都在告诉我的事。

You see, this vision we have to re-green the African continent,

你看，我们想要重新绿化 非洲大陆的愿景

it's not only possible,

不只是一种可能性，

it is vital.

而是至关要紧的。

It is our life support system.

因为这是支持我们生命的系统。

Now, many of us here despair that we are the generation

有很多人感到沮丧， 因为我们这一代是

that is destroying the planet.

摧毁这个星球的罪魁祸首。

But we don't have to be.

但是，我们并不需要有这样的想法。

We can be the restoration generation.

我们可以成为恢复环境的一代。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（鼓掌声）