The Tree-Growing Movement Restoring Africa’s Vital Landscapes | Wanjira Mathai | TED

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Shelley Tsang 曾雯海

I would love to introduce you to three remarkable women I know.

讓我跟各位介紹 我認識的三位出色女性。

Meet Jane Maigua, Charity Wangui and Loise Maina.

見見珍‧馬伊瓜、

查洛蒂‧萬古伊，

以及洛伊絲‧麥納。

Now, these three women are restoration champions.

這三位女性是復育鬥士。

They started a company six years ago in my hometown of Nairobi,

六年前她們成立了一家公司，

位在我的家鄉奈洛比。

purchasing macadamia nuts from farmers,

該公司向農民購買夏威夷果仁，

processing them and selling them around the world.

加工處理後銷售到世界各地。

Today, Exotic EPZ is in partnership with 9,000 farmers across the country.

現今，Exotic EPZ 和全國 各地九千名農民合作。

Imagine for a minute the tree-growing movement

想像一下，

這些女性在肯亞各地 能夠催化的種樹運動。

these women could catalyze across Kenya.

Now here's another group of women that I absolutely adore.

這是另一群我非常欣賞的女性。

These are the women of Maragua.

她們是馬拉瓜的女性。

These women are discovering the wonders of bamboo.

這些女性在發掘

竹子的驚奇之處。

They are planting bamboo and sharing across their communities.

她們在種植竹子，

並在她們的社區中分享。

They're using bamboo for entrepreneurship.

她們把竹子用來創業，

They're using bamboo for restoration, and they're using it for firewood.

她們用竹子做復育，

她們用竹子當柴火。

Now these restoration champions have something in common.

這些復育鬥士

有個共通點。

They are using nature to reduce poverty,

她們利用大自然

來減少貧困、

accelerate the re-greening of Africa

加速非洲的重新綠化，

and secure livelihoods.

並確保生計。

Now, this is part of the AFR100 Movement

這是 AFR100 運動的一部分，

它是個全非洲的計畫， 旨在復育一億公頃的土地，

an Africa-wide initiative to restore 100 million hectares of land

by 2030.

且 2030 年前要達成目標。

All on a continent where we know 60 percent of soils are degraded.

我們所知的非洲大陸， 有 60% 的土壤

是退化的。

And this is only the beginning

這只是開端，

because the restoration potential in Africa

因為非洲的復育潛力

is 750 million hectares,

是七億五千萬公頃，

equal to the size landmass of Australia.

等同於澳洲大陸的大小。

And this on a continent where 60 percent of the land is degraded.

而在非洲大陸上，

60% 的土地是退化的。

Now, why is this important?

這有什麼重要的？

This is because restoration breaks the cycle of degradation.

原因是因為，

復育可以打破退化的循環。

It is at once about climate mitigation

這同時涉及到氣候減暖

and cushioning communities against the worst impacts of climate change.

以及協助社區緩衝氣候變遷 帶來的嚴重衝擊。

My organization, the World Resources Institute,

我的組織「世界資源研究所」

is working with AFR100 very closely.

正在和 AFR100 密切合作，

We are helping them to raise resources needed for restoration,

我們在幫他們籌措 復育所需要的資源，

to accelerate the establishment of sound policies

加速建立健全的政策，

so that restoration is incentivized.

讓復育能受到獎勵。

And also establishing platforms like this one,

此外也要建立像這樣的平台，

so restoration champions have the platforms and there’s training

讓復育鬥士能有平台，還有訓練，

that they need to accelerate restoration.

他們需要這些來加速復育。

Now without these local leaders,

若沒有這些當地的領袖、

local wisdom, local knowledge

當地的智慧、當地的知識，

and the passion that drives restoration champions,

以及驅使復育鬥士努力的熱忱，

scaling restoration on the African continent

要把非洲大陸上的復育規模再擴大

would virtually be impossible.

根本就是不可能的事。

Now, my name is Wanjira Mathai, and I have a personal connection to trees.

我是萬吉菈‧馬賽伊， 我和樹木有很個人化的連結。

When we were growing up, my brothers and I,

成長過程中，

我和我兄弟，我們的 母親萬加莉‧馬賽伊

our mother, Wangari Mathai,

who founded the Green Belt Movement

成立了「綠帶運動」，

and won the 2004 Nobel Peace Prize for this work --

並因此獲得了 2004 年的 諾貝爾和平獎——

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

She spent hours

她會花數小時分享

sharing just how beautiful Kenya was when she was growing up.

她小時候肯亞有多麼美麗。

The river’s, crystal clear.

河流十分清澈，

山坡和山谷都被森林覆蓋。

The hillsides and valleys, covered in forests.

The plains were teeming with wildlife and the soils, she would say,

平原上滿是野生動物， 至於土壤，她會說，

produced the most delicious sweet potatoes and vegetables.

能生產出最美味的甘薯和蔬菜。

Hunger was virtually unknown.

沒有人知道饑荒是什麼。

By the 1970s, a lot had changed.

到了 1970 年代，很多都變了。

Landscapes were already degraded, rivers were silted with precious topsoil.

風景遭到破壞，河流 被珍貴的表土淤塞。

The plains were already losing their wildlife,

平原開始失去野生動物，

and the soils were largely degraded.

土壤也嚴重退化。

Now, half a century on,

現在，半個世紀過去了，

and the process of degradation has only accelerated.

退化過程只有加速。

And not only in Kenya.

不僅在肯亞，

27 of the 40 most climate-vulnerable countries in the world

世界上最容易受到氣候影響的 四十個國家中有二十七個

are found on the African continent.

都位在非洲大陸上。

And hunger and drought,

饑荒和乾旱，

for those farmers, 60 percent of them who live on the African continent,

對農民而言，

對 60% 生活在 非洲大陸的農民而言，

is an everyday occurrence.

是家常便飯。

But why is this important?

但這有什麼重要的？

Why is this important?

這有什麼重要的？

Because restoration reverses and breaks the cycle of degradation.

因為，

復育能夠逆轉和打破退化的循環。

And there is hope.

且是有希望的。

Because here is an example,

因為，這裡就有個例子，綠帶運動。

the Green Belt Movement.

The Green Belt Movement is an example of a restoration champion in Kenya.

綠帶運動這個例子代表的 是肯亞的一位復育鬥士，

50 million trees planted by a network of 5,000 women today.

種下了五千萬棵樹，

靠的是現今有五千名女性的網路。

And they do this by organizing themselves into groups,

她們的做法，是把 她們自己分成小組，

generating tree nurseries, collecting seeds themselves that they sow,

建立樹苗培育場、

自己收集種子並播種，

generate seedlings and plant on public land and private land.

培育幼苗並在公有 和私有土地上種植。

This is the genius of restoration champions.

這是復育鬥士的天才之處。

Now, I have seen this work firsthand in a forest not too far from where I live,

我在我居住地附近的森林中 親眼見證過這項工作，

the Aberdare Forest.

阿伯德爾森林。

This is one of my favorite forests.

它是我最愛的森林之一。

幾年前，它退化了，

A few years ago it was degraded,

but thanks to the pioneering work of the Green Belt Movement

但好在有綠帶運動的開創性 工作和許多類似的努力，

and many others like them,

this forest has largely been restored.

該森林大部分都被復育了。

And I love spending time in this forest

我很愛待在這座森林裡，

because as far as the eye can see are trees.

因為目光所及盡是樹木。

You could almost see them drawing out carbon dioxide and pumping out oxygen,

你幾乎可以看見它們

吸收二氧化碳，釋放出氧氣，

holding on to precious topsoil.

保留住珍貴的表土。

And the crystal clear waterfalls

還有透澈的瀑布，

that supply the rivers of Nairobi,

供水給奈洛比的河流，

the city where I live.

奈洛比是我居住的城市。

AFR100 will take practices like these across the African continent

AFR100 會把非洲大陸上 類似這樣的實做方法

and replicate them

拿來複製，

not merely to halt deforestation,

不只是要遏止森林砍伐，

but to reverse it.

還要逆轉它。

Because that's what is needed.

因為那就是現在需要的。

Now, it's not uncommon for people to say

大家常常會說，

that initiatives like those supported by AFR100

像 AFR100 所支助的 這類計畫太小了，

are too small or too risky for meaningful investments.

或風險太高，不可能 成為有意義的投資。

But our work at AFR100 shows

但我們在 AFR100 的工作

that not only are these initiatives economical and transformative,

顯示這些計畫不僅

很合算並能帶來轉變，

they make financial sense.

在財務上也合情合理。

Our research also shows that initiatives like these

我們的研究也顯示，

像這類由當地領導和管理的計畫

that are locally led and managed

are 20 times more likely to deliver long-term success.

長遠來看能夠成功的

可能性高了二十倍。

And they are also more likely to deliver economic and environmental benefits.

它們也比較有可能帶來經濟上

和環境上的益處。

So if we invest in initiatives like Tilaa in Ghana,

所以如果我們去投資這類 計畫，如迦納的 Tilaa、

AFR100,

AFR100、

the Green Belt movement,

綠帶運動、

GreenPort in Kenya and ARCOS in Rwanda,

肯亞的 GreenPort，

以及盧安達的 ARCOS，

they will in turn invest in thousands and thousands of restoration champions

它們接著就會去投資 數以千計的復育鬥士，

who will restore their landscapes

他們會復育他們的風景 和他們的生計。

and restore their livelihoods.

Now, this is exactly the sort of inclusive transformation we need to see

我們現在就需要看到 這種有包容性的轉變

across the African continent.

出現在非洲大陸各地。

Now all my life,

我這一生中，

I was made acutely aware

我都非常清楚知道

綠色植被有多麼珍貴。

of just how precious green vegetation truly is.

Nature is the source of everything good

大自然是一切美好的來源，

my mother would tell me all the time.

我母親總是這麼告訴我。

You see, this vision we have to re-green the African continent,

我們希望能讓非洲大陸 再次綠化的這個遠景

it's not only possible,

不僅是有可能實現，

it is vital.

也至關重要。

It is our life support system.

它是我們的生命維持系統。

Now, many of us here despair that we are the generation

在座有許多人絕望地認為我們是

that is destroying the planet.

摧毀地球的世代。

But we don't have to be.

但不必如此。

We can be the restoration generation.

我們可以成為復育的世代。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）