Erika Cheung: Theranos, whistleblowing and speaking truth to power | TED

1,174,464 views ใƒป 2020-11-26

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Transcriber: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Krystian Aparta
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00:00
So, I had graduated seven years ago from Berkeley
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sarah Jeon ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
์ €๋Š” 7๋…„ ์ „ ๋ฒ„ํด๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ
00:03
with a dual degree in molecular and cell biology and linguistics,
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๋ถ„์ž ์„ธํฌ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™๊ณผ ์–ธ์–ดํ•™ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ์ „๊ณต์œผ๋กœ ์กธ์—…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:08
and I had gone to a career fair here on campus,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์บ ํผ์Šค์—์„œ ์—ด๋ ธ๋˜ ์ง์—… ๋ฐ•๋žŒํšŒ์—์„œ
00:11
where I'd gotten an interview with a start-up called Theranos.
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ํ…Œ๋ผ๋…ธ์Šค๋ผ๋Š” ์‹ ์ƒ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
And at the time,
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์—๋Š”
00:16
there wasn't really that much information about the company,
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๊ทธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
00:19
but the little that was there was really impressive.
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๊ทธ ์ ์€ ์ •๋ณด ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ์ธ์ƒ๊นŠ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
Essentially, what the company was doing was creating a medical device
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ํ•œ๋งˆ๋””๋กœ, ๊ทธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
where you would be able to run your entire blood panel
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์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์˜ ๊ทน์†Œ๋Ÿ‰ ํ˜ˆ์•ก ์ฒด์ทจ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ํ˜ˆ์•ก ํŒจ๋„ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ
00:32
on a finger-stick of blood.
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๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:34
So you wouldn't have to get a big needle stuck in your arm
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ํ˜ˆ์•ก ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
00:37
in order to get your blood test done.
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ํฐ ๋ฐ”๋Š˜์„ ํŒ”์— ๊ฝ‚์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
So this was interesting not only because it was less painful,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์› ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋œ ์•„ํŒŒ์„œ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
00:43
but also, it could potentially open the door to predictive diagnostics.
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์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์ง„๋‹จ ์˜ˆ์ธก์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
If you had a device
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋งŒ์•ฝ
00:50
that allowed for more frequent and continuous diagnosis,
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๋” ์ž์ฃผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:54
potentially, you could diagnose disease before someone got sick.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํ”„๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์ง„๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
And this was confirmed in an interview that the founder, Elizabeth Holmes,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฐฝ๋ฆฝ์ž ์—˜๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฒ ์Šค ํ™ˆ์ฆˆ์˜ ์›”์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์ €๋„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
had said in the Wall Street Journal.
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01:06
"The reality within our health-care system today
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"ํ˜„ ๋ณด๊ฑด ์˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์€
01:09
is that when someone you care about gets really sick,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์•„ํ”„๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:12
by the time you find out it's [most often] too late
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—”
01:15
to do anything about it,
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋Šฆ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
It's heartbreaking."
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ€์Šด ์•„ํ”ˆ ์ผ์ด์ฃ ."
01:17
This was a moon shot that I really wanted to be a part of
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด์„œ
01:20
and I really wanted to help build.
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋•๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
And there was another reason why I think the story of Elizabeth
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์—˜๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฒ ์Šค์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋˜
01:27
really appealed to me.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
So there was a time that someone had said to me,
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์˜ˆ์ „์— ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
"Erika, there are two types of people.
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"์—๋ฆฌ์นด, ์„ธ์ƒ์—” ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์–ด.
01:33
There are those that thrive and those that survive.
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๋ฒˆ์ฐฝํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ์กดํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ.
01:36
And you, my dear, are a survivor."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„ˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ์ € ์ƒ์กดํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์•ผ."
01:39
Before I went to university,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์—
01:41
I had grown up in a one-bedroom trailer with my six family members,
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๋ฐฉ ํ•˜๋‚˜์žˆ๋Š” ์ง‘์—์„œ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ์‹๊ตฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
and when I told people I wanted to go to Berkeley,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฒ„ํด๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ€๊ณ ์‹ถ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
01:48
they would say, "Well, I want to be an astronaut, so good luck."
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‚œ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋น„ํ–‰์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ ์‹ถ์–ด, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ž˜ํ•ด๋ด" ๋ผ๋ฉฐ ๋น„์›ƒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
And I stuck with it, and I worked hard, and I managed to get in.
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์ €๋Š” ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ณ„์† ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์„œ ํ•™๊ต์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
But honestly, my first year was very challenging.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์ €์˜ ์ฒซ ํ•ด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํž˜๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
I was the victim of a series of crimes.
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์˜ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋‹นํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
I was robbed at gunpoint, I was sexually assaulted,
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์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ˜‘ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋‹นํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์„ฑํญํ–‰์„ ๋‹นํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
02:04
and I was sexually assaulted a third time,
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์„ฑํญํ–‰์„ ๋‹นํ–ˆ์„ ๋•
02:06
spurring on very severe panic attacks,
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๋งค์šฐ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ณตํ™ฉ ๋ฐœ์ž‘๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ๊ณ 
02:09
where I was failing my classes,
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์ˆ˜์—…์€ ๋‚™์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:11
and I dropped out of school.
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์ €๋Š” ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
And at this moment, people had said to me,
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์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:15
"Erika, maybe you're not cut out for the sciences.
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"์—๋ฆฌ์นด, ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋„ˆ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์— ์žฌ๋Šฅ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด.
02:18
Maybe you should reconsider doing something else."
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์žฌ๊ณ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„."
02:21
And I told myself, "You know what?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:24
If I don't make the cut, I don't make the cut,
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"๋งŒ์ผ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
02:26
but I cannot give up on myself, and I'm going to go for this,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด ์ž์‹ ์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆœ ์—†๊ณ  ๋‚œ ์ด๊ฑธ ๊ณ„์† ํ•  ๊ฑฐ๊ณ 
02:29
and even if I'm not the best for it, I'm going to try and make it happen."
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์ตœ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ด๋ค„๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•  ๊ฑฐ์•ผ."
02:32
And luckily, I stuck with it, and I got the degree, and I graduated.
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ„์† ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์กธ์—…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
(Applause and cheers)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜์™€ ํ™˜ํ˜ธ)
02:40
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
02:44
So when I heard Elizabeth Holmes had dropped out of Stanford at age 19
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์—˜๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฒ ์Šค ํ™ˆ์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ 19์‚ด์— ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด
02:50
to start this company,
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์Šคํƒ ํฌ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์žํ‡ดํ–ˆ๊ณ 
02:51
and it was being quite successful,
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฝค ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
02:53
to me, it was a signal
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
of, you know, it didn't matter what your background was.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€ ์—†๊ณ 
02:59
As long as you committed to hard work and intelligence,
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์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ํ—Œ์‹ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:03
that was enough to make an impact in the world.
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์„ธ์ƒ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๊ธฐ์—” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
And this was something, for me, personally,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ ์ธ์ƒ์— ์žˆ์–ด
03:07
that I had to believe in my life,
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๋ฏฟ์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
because it was one of the few anchors that I had had
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„ํ…จ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
03:13
that got me through the day.
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์ •์‹ ์  ์ง€์ฃผ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
So you can imagine,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์„ ๋•Œ
03:17
when I received this letter, I was so excited.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์‹ ์ด ๋‚ฌ์—ˆ๋Š” ์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
I was over the moon.
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์ €๋Š” ๋›ธ๋“ฏ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ปค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
This was finally my opportunity to contribute to society,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋“œ๋””์–ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜์žˆ๊ณ 
03:28
to solve the problems that I had seen in the world,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
and really, when I thought about Theranos,
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ…Œ๋ผ๋…ธ์Šค์—๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ
03:34
I really anticipated that this would be the first
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ณณ์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ์ด์ž
03:37
and the last company that I was going to work for.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•  ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
But I started to notice some problems.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
So, I started off as an entry-level associate in the lab.
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์ €๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์˜ ์‹ ์ž… ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
And we would be sitting in a lab meeting,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ
03:52
reviewing data to confirm whether the technology worked or not,
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
03:57
and we'd get datasets like this,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:59
and someone would say to me,
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
"Well, let's get rid of the outlier
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"์ด์ƒ์น˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ์—†์• ๋ณด๊ณ 
04:04
and see how that affects the accuracy rate."
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ •ํ™•๋„์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์ž."
04:07
So what constitutes an outlier here?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ด์ƒ์น˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
04:09
Which one is the outlier?
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ด์ƒ์น˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
04:11
And the answer is, you have no idea.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์€, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
You don't know. Right?
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์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
04:17
And deleting a data point
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ญ์ œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
04:18
is really violating one of the things that I found so beautiful
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๊ณผํ•™ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ผ์„ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
about the scientific process --
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04:24
it really allows the data to reveal the truth to you.
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์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:29
And as tempting as it might be in certain scenarios
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์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
04:32
to place your story on the data to confirm your own narrative,
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์ž๋ฃŒ์— ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์”Œ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์†”๊นƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:37
when you do this, it has really bad future consequences.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ •๋ง ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
So this, to me, was almost immediately a red flag,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ์— ๊ณง๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜€๊ณ 
04:46
and it kind of folded in to the next experience
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž„์ƒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์—์„œ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ
04:49
and the next red flag
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๋‹ค์Œ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
that I started to see within the clinical laboratory.
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04:54
So a clinical laboratory
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์ž„์ƒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋Š”
04:55
is where you actively process patient samples.
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ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ํ‘œ๋ณธ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
And so before I would run a patient's sample,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ๋Œ๋ ค๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ „์—
05:01
I would have a sample where I knew what the concentration was,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:05
and in this case, it was 0.2 for tPSA,
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—” tPSA๋ผ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์น˜์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ 0.2 ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
which is an indicator of whether someone has prostate cancer,
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ „๋ฆฝ์„ ์•”์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
05:11
or is at risk of prostate cancer or not.
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์ „๋ฆฝ์„ ์•” ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
But then, when I'd run it in the Theranos device,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ…Œ๋ผ๋…ธ์Šค์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ๋Œ๋ ค๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ
05:16
it would come out 8.9,
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8.9์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”๊ณ 
05:18
and then I'd run it again, and it would run out 5.1,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ๋ ค๋ดค์„ ๋• 5.1
05:22
and I would run it again, and it would come out 0.5,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•ด๋ดค์„ ๋• 0.5์˜ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
which is technically in range,
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์—„๋ฐ€ํžˆ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ๋ฒ”์œ„์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ
05:27
but what do you do in this scenario?
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
05:30
What is the accurate answer?
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์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋‹ต์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
05:33
And this wasn't an instance that I was seeing just one-off.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๊ธ‹๋‚œ ๋“œ๋ฌธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
This was happening nearly every day,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋งค์ผ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
across so many different tests.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์‹คํ—˜ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:44
And mind you, this is for a sample where I know what the concentration is.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ์ธ์ง€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
What happens when I don't know what the concentration is,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:54
like with a patient sample?
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์งˆ๊นŒ์š”?
05:56
How am I supposed to trust what the result is, at that point?
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๊ทธ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์„ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
06:02
So this led to, sort of, the last and final red flag for me,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด ์ตœ์ข…์ ์ธ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
06:07
and this is when we were doing testing,
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๊ทธ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„์† ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋“ค์„ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”์ง€
06:11
in order to confirm and certify
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ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š”
06:14
whether we could continue processing patient samples.
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ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์„ ํ•˜๋˜ ์ค‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
So what regulators will do is they'll give you a sample,
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๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ 
06:20
and they'll say, "Run this sample,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, "์ด ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ์„ธ์š”.
06:22
just like the quality control, through your normal workflow,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ‰์†Œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ’ˆ์งˆ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด
06:25
how you normally test on patients,
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ํ‰์†Œ์— ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด
06:27
and then give us the results,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
06:29
and we will tell you: do you pass, or do you fail."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ†ต๊ณผํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"
06:33
So because we were seeing so many issues with the Theranos device
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ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ๋˜๋˜
06:37
that was actively being used to test on patients,
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ํ…Œ๋ผ๋…ธ์Šค ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
06:40
what we had done is we had taken the sample
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฒด์ทจํ•œ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„
06:42
and we had run it through an FDA-approved machine
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‹ํ’ˆ์˜์•ฝ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ๋ ค๋ณด๊ณ 
06:45
and we had run it through the Theranos device.
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ํ…Œ๋ผ๋…ธ์Šค ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ๋ ค๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
And guess what happened?
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„๊นŒ์š”?
06:50
We got two very, very different results.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
So what do you think they did in this scenario?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
06:57
You would anticipate that you would tell the regulators,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
07:00
like, "We have some discrepancies here with this new technology."
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"์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๊ฒฐํ•จ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”" ๋ผ๊ณ  ์–˜๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
07:04
But instead, Theranos had sent the result of the FDA-approved machine.
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๋Œ€์‹ , ํ…Œ๋ผ๋…ธ์Šค๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹์•ฝํ’ˆ๊ตญ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
So what does this signal to you?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋‚˜์š”?
07:13
This signals to you that even within your own organization,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์†ํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ์ง ์•ˆ์—์„œ๋„
07:17
you don't trust the results that your technology is producing.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
So how do we have any business running patient samples
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
07:25
on this particular machine?
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์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:28
So of course, you know, I am a recent grad,
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์ €๋Š” ์กธ์—…ํ•œ ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ ์•ˆ๋์—ˆ๊ณ 
07:32
I have, at this point, run all these different experiments,
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์ด ์‹œ์ ์— ์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๋“ค์„ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ์—
07:35
I've compiled all this evidence, and I'd gone into the office of the COO
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์•„์„œ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์šด์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์ž์—๊ฒŒ
07:40
and I was raising my concerns.
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์šฐ๋ ค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
"Within the lab, we're seeing a lot of variability.
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"์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
07:46
The accuracy rate doesn't seem right.
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์ •ํ™•๋„๋Š” ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
I don't feel right about testing on patients.
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ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ณ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
These things, I'm just not comfortable with."
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ €๋Š” ํŽธ์น˜ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
07:53
And the response I got back is,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์€
07:56
"You don't know what you're talking about."
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"๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
07:58
What you need to do is what I'm paying you to do,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ์ผ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‹œํ‚จ ์ผ์ด๊ณ 
08:01
and you need to process patient samples."
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ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
So that night, I called up a colleague of mine
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋‚  ๋ฐค, ์ €๋Š” ๋™๋ฃŒ ํ•œ ๋ช…์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™” ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
who I had befriended within the organization, Tyler Shultz,
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์กฐ์ง ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ €์™€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ํƒ€์ผ๋Ÿฌ ์Š์ธ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
who also happened to have a grandfather who was on the Board of Directors.
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๊ทธ์˜ ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์ด์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์†ํ•ด ๊ณ„์…จ๊ณ 
08:16
And so we had decided to go to his grandfather's house
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ๋Œ์— ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
and tell him, at dinner,
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์ €๋… ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ
08:22
what the company was telling him was going on
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜ ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
08:26
was actually not what was happening behind closed doors.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋’ค์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ์ฃ .
08:29
And not to mention,
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๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€
08:31
Tyler's grandfather was George Schultz,
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ํƒ€์ผ๋Ÿฌ ์Š์ธ ์˜ ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์กฐ์ง€ ์Š์ธ ๋ผ๋Š”
08:33
the ex-secretary of state of the United States.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ „ ๊ตญ๋ฌด ์žฅ๊ด€์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
So you can imagine me as a 20-something-year-old
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ 20์‚ด ๋ฌด๋ ต์ธ ์ œ๊ฐ€
08:40
just shaking, like, "What are you getting yourself into?"
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"์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ง“์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ง€" ๋ผ๋ฉฐ ๋– ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
But we had sat down at his dinner table and said,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์•‰์•˜๊ณ 
08:48
"When you think that they've taken this blood sample
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"๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ด ํ˜ˆ์•ก ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ฒด์ทจํ•˜๊ณ 
08:51
and they put it in this device, and it pops out a result,
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์ด ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋„ฃ์–ด์„œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ๋•Œ
08:55
what's really happening is the moment you step outside of the room,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„
08:59
they take that blood sample, they run it to a back door,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ํ˜ˆ์•ก ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋’ท ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๊ฐ€๊ณ 
09:03
and there are five people on standby that are taking this tiny blood sample
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—” ์ด ์ž‘์€ ํ˜ˆ์•ก ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘์ด๊ณ 
09:07
and splitting it amongst five different machines."
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์„œ ๋Œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
09:11
And he says to us, "I know Tyler's very smart,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธธ, "ํƒ€์ผ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•Œ๊ณ 
09:14
you seem very smart,
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๋„ˆ๋„ ์ •๋ง ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ
09:16
but the fact of the matter is I've brought in a wealth of intelligent people,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ช…์„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ๋ ค์™”๊ณ 
09:20
and they tell me that this device is going to revolutionize health care.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ด ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ˜์‹ ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.
09:25
And so maybe you should consider doing something else."
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋„ˆํฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฑธ ํ•ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ ด."
09:29
So this had gone through a period of about seven months,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 7๋‹ฌ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ์ด์–ด์ ธ ์™”๊ณ 
09:33
and I decided to quit that very next day.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ผ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‚  ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
And this --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ --
09:39
(Applause and cheers)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜์™€ ํ™˜ํ˜ธ)
09:46
But this was a moment that I had to sit with myself
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์ž์‹ ์˜
09:48
and do a bit of a mental health check.
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์ •์‹  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์ฒดํฌํ•ด๋ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
I'd raised concerns in the lab.
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์ €๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๊ณ 
09:53
I'd raised concerns with the COO.
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์ตœ๊ณ  ์šด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
09:57
I had raised concerns with a board member.
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์ด์‚ฌํšŒ ํšŒ์›์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
And meanwhile,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ด,
10:02
Elizabeth is on the cover of every major magazine across America.
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์—˜๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฒ ์Šค๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ „์—ญ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํฐ ์žก์ง€์˜ ํ‘œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์žฅ์‹ ์ค‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
So there's one common thread here,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:10
and that's me.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ €์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
Maybe I'm the problem?
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์•„๋‹๊นŒ?
10:13
Maybe there's something that I'm not seeing?
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ง€๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹๊นŒ?
10:15
Maybe I'm the crazy one.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ.
10:18
And this is the part in my story where I really get lucky.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์šด ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
I was approached
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ
10:24
by a very talented journalist, John Carreyrou
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์กด ์ผ€๋ฆฌ๋ฃจ๋ผ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์žˆ๋Š”
10:26
from the Wall Street Journal, and he --
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์›”์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์ €๋„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:30
And he had basically said that he also had heard concerns
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ
10:35
about the company from other people in the industry
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฅผ ์—…๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ
10:38
and working for the company.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
And in that moment, it clicked in my head:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„, ์ œ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์†์—์„œ
10:42
"Erika, you are not crazy.
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"์—๋ฆฌ์นด, ๋„Œ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ.
10:45
You're not the crazy one.
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์ด์ƒํ•œ ๊ฑด ๋„ค๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ.
10:46
In fact, there are other people out there just like you
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋„ˆ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
10:50
that are just as scared of coming forward,
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๋‚˜์„œ๊ธฐ์—” ๋‘๋ ต์ง€๋งŒ
10:53
but see the same problems and the same concerns that you do."
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ฐ™์€ ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์–ด" ๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
So before John's exposรฉ and investigative report had come out
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
11:01
to reveal the truth of what was going on in the company,
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์กด์˜ ํญ๋กœ์™€ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ธฐ ์ „์—
11:05
the company decided to go on a witch hunt for all sorts of former employees,
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ˆ์ „ ์ง์›๋“ค์„ ๋งˆ๋…€์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
myself included,
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์ œ ์ž์‹ ๋„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ์š”.
11:10
to basically intimidate us from coming forward or talking to one another.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์„œ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„œ๋กœ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋„๋ก ๊ฒ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:17
And the scary thing, really, for me in this instance
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์ด ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์„œ์› ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
11:20
was the fact that it triggered,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ
11:22
and I realized that they were following me once I received this letter,
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์ด ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ €๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
but it was also, in a way, a bit of a blessing,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„  ์ถ•๋ณต์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
because it forced me to call a lawyer.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
And I was lucky enough -- I called a free lawyer,
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์ €๋Š” ์šด์ด ์ข‹๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๋ฝํ–ˆ๊ณ 
11:34
but he had suggested,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
"Why don't you report to a regulatory agency?"
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"๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ทœ์ œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ์‹ ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:40
And this was something that didn't even click in my head,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
probably because I was so inexperienced,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
11:46
but once that happened, that's exactly what I did.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ์ž๋งˆ์ž ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‹คํ–‰์— ์˜ฎ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
I had decided to write a letter, and a complaint letter, to regulators,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ญ์˜ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋งˆ์Œ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
illustrating all the deficiencies and the problems that I had seen
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ๋ณด์•˜๋˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฐํ•จ๊ณผ
11:58
in the laboratory.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์—๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:00
And as endearingly as my dad kind of notes this
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์ €ํฌ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜์„œ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„
12:04
as being my, like, dragon-slayer moment,
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์ €๋งŒ์˜ ์šฉ์„ ๋ฌด์ฐŒ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
where I had risen up and fought this behemoth
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋งž์„œ์‹ธ์› ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
and it caused this domino effect,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋„๋ฏธ๋…ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ๊ณ 
12:11
I can tell you right now,
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:12
I felt anything but courageous.
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์ €๋Š” ์šฉ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:15
I was scared, I was terrified,
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฌด์„œ์› ๊ณ , ๋‘๋ ค์› ๊ณ 
12:18
I was anxious,
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๋ถˆ์•ˆํ–ˆ๊ณ 
12:20
I was ashamed, slightly,
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์‚ด์ง ์ฐฝํ”ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
that it took me a month to write the letter.
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์ด ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
There was a glimmer of hope in there
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์ผ๋ง์˜ ํฌ๋ง์€
12:27
that maybe somehow no one would ever figure out
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์“ด ๊ฒŒ ์ €๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ
12:30
that it was me.
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๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:32
But despite all that emotion and all that volatility,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ์ •๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
12:35
I still did it,
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
12:37
and luckily, it triggered an investigation
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:40
that shown to light
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜
12:41
that there were huge deficiencies in the lab,
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•จ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐํ˜€์ค„ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
and it stopped Theranos from processing patient samples.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ…Œ๋ผ๋…ธ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํ™˜์ž ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋„๋ก ์ค‘์ง€์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
12:56
So you would hope, going through a very challenging
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ 
12:59
and crazy situation like this,
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๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฒช์œผ๋ฉด์„œ
13:01
that I would be able to sort of culminate some how-tos
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
13:05
or recipe for success for other people that are in this situation.
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์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋น„๋ฒ•์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:09
But frankly, when it comes to situations like this,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ
13:12
the only quote that kind of gets it right is this Mike Tyson quote that says,
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์œ ์šฉํ•  ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ธ์šฉ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋งˆ์ดํฌ ํƒ€์ด์Šจ์˜ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:16
"Everyone has a plan until you get punched in the mouth."
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"๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ํ•œ ๋Œ€ ๋งž๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค."
13:19
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
13:21
And that's exactly how this is.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ด ๋ง๋Œ€๋กœ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:25
But today, you know,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
13:26
we're here to kind of convene on moon shots,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
and moon shots are these highly innovative projects
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ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์ผ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฐ™์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํš๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋“ค์ด๋ฉฐ
13:33
that are very ambitious,
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์›๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:34
that everyone wants to believe in.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„๋งŒํผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:37
But what happens when the vision is so compelling
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„์ „์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•˜๊ณ 
13:41
and the desire to believe is so strong
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๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์š•๋ง์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•  ๋•Œ
13:45
that it starts to cloud your judgment about what reality is?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง„์ • ํ˜„์‹ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ํ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:50
And particularly when these innovative projects
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŠนํžˆ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํš๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋“ค์ด
13:54
start to be a detriment to society,
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์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์น˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:57
what are the mechanisms in place
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์„ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
13:59
in which we can prevent these potential consequences?
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
14:04
And really, in my mind, the simplest way to do that
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
14:07
is to foster stronger cultures of people who speak up
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
14:12
and listening to those who speak up.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋“ค์–ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:15
So now the big question is,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋” ํฐ ์˜๋ฌธ์€
14:18
how do we make speaking up the norm and not the exception?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ํ‘œ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
14:23
(Applause and cheers)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜์™€ ํ™˜ํ˜ธ)
14:31
So luckily, in my own experience,
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์šด์ข‹๊ฒŒ๋„, ์ œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š”
14:33
I realized that when it comes to speaking up,
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์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
14:36
the action tends to be pretty straightforward in most cases,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ–‰๋™์€ ๊ฝค ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:40
but the hard part is really deciding whether to act or not.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ ์€ ํ–‰๋™ํ•  ์ง€ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:45
So how do we frame our decisions
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„
14:48
in a way that makes it easier for us to act
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ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ณ 
14:52
and produce more ethical outcomes?
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๋” ๋„๋•์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
14:55
So UC San Diego came up with this excellent framework
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์ƒŒ๋””์• ๊ณ  ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:59
called the "Three Cs,"
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"์„ธ๊ฐœ์˜ C" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ,
15:01
and it's called commitment, consciousness and competency.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ—Œ์‹ , ์ž๊ฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:05
And commitment is the desire to do the right thing
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ํ—Œ์‹ ์€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐˆ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:08
regardless of the cost.
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๋Œ€๊ฐ€์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€ ์—†์ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
15:10
In my case at Theranos,
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์ €์˜ ํ…Œ๋ผ๋…ธ์Šค์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
15:12
if I was wrong,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ‹€๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ
15:13
I was going to have to pay the consequences.
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:15
But if I was right,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งž์•˜์„ ๋•Œ
15:17
the fact that I could have been a person
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€
15:20
that knew what was going on and didn't say something,
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์•Œ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด
15:23
that was purgatory.
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์ง€์˜ฅ๊ฐ™์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:25
Being silent was purgatory.
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์นจ๋ฌตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฌ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:28
Then there's consciousness,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž๊ฐ์€
15:30
the awareness to act consistently and apply moral convictions
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์ผ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„๋•์  ๊ธฐ์ค€๋“ค์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:34
to daily behavior,
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์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ์˜ ํ–‰๋™๋“ค์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
15:36
behavior.
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ํ–‰๋™๋“ค์ด์š”.
15:38
And the third aspect is competency.
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:41
And competency is the ability to collect and evaluate information
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๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
15:45
and foresee potential consequences and risk.
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์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค๊ณผ ์œ„ํ—˜๋“ค์„ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๋ณผ ์ค„ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:47
And the reason I could trust my competency
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
15:51
was because I was acting in service of others.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:54
So I think a simple process is really taking those actions
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ–‰๋™๋“ค์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ 
15:59
and imagining,
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์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:00
"If this happened to my children,
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"์ด ์ผ์ด ๋‚ด ์ž๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
16:02
to my parents,
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๋‚ด ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜,
16:04
to my spouse,
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๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž,
16:06
to my neighbors, to my community,
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์ด์›ƒ๊ณผ ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—๊ฒŒ
16:08
if I took that ...
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด...
16:11
How will it be remembered?"
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋ ๊นŒ?"
16:14
And with that,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
16:16
I hope, as we all leave here
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜๋ฉฐ
16:18
and venture off to build our own moon shots,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ์ด๋ค„๋‚ด๊ธธ ๊ธฐ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
16:20
we don't just conceptualize them,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
16:22
in a way, as a means for people to survive
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์ƒ์กดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ
16:26
but really see them as opportunities and chances for everybody to thrive.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋ฒˆ์ฐฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋กœ์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ดค์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:33
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:34
(Applause and cheers)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜์™€ ํ™˜ํ˜ธ)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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