The Great Migration and the power of a single decision | Isabel Wilkerson

264,410 views ・ 2018-04-06

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: μ • 승균 κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
Imagine with me this scene.
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저와 ν•¨κ»˜ 이런 μž₯면을 μƒμƒν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
00:16
It's a scene that played out in nearly all of our families.
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이 μž₯면은 우리의 κ°€μ‘± μ£Όλ³€μ—μ„œ κ°€κΉκ²Œ 일어날 수 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:22
It's a scene in which a young person,
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이 μž₯면은 μ–΄λ¦° μ‚¬λžŒμ΄
00:26
somewhere in our family tree,
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우리의 κ°€μ‘± 관계 μ•ˆμ—μ„œ
00:29
somewhere in our lineage
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우리의 혈쑱 μ•ˆμ—μ„œ
00:31
had a heartbreaking decision to make.
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κ°€μŠ΄μ΄ λ―Έμ–΄μ§ˆ 결정을 λ§Œλ“  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
It was a decision to leave all that they had known.
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κ·Έ 결정은 그듀이 μ•Œλ˜ λͺ¨λ“  κ²ƒμ—μ„œ λ– λ‚˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
And all of the people that they had loved
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그리고 그듀이 μ‚¬λž‘ν–ˆλ˜ λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό
00:44
and to set out for a place far, far away
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멀고도 λ¨Ό μž₯μ†Œμ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ”
00:48
that they had never seen
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그듀이 λ³Έ 적 μ—†λŠ”
00:50
in hopes that life might be better.
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인생이 λ‚˜μ•„μ§ˆ κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” 희망을 가지고 말이죠.
00:53
Migration is usually a young person's endeavor.
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μ΄μ£ΌλŠ” 보톡 μ Šμ€μ΄λ“€μ΄ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
It's the kind of thing that you do when you're on the cusp of life.
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μ΄λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 인생에 μ •μ μ—μ„œ ν•˜λŠ” 일이죠.
01:03
And so, there is, in all of our families,
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우리 λͺ¨λ“  κ°€μ‘± μ•ˆμ—λŠ”
01:07
this young person somewhere in our background.
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이 μ Šμ€μ΄μ˜ 배경이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
That person is standing at a dock,
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κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ€ λΆ€λ‘μ—μ„œ κΈ°λ‹€λ¦¬λŠ” μ€‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:14
about to board a ship
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λ°°λ₯Ό 타기 μœ„ν•΄μ„œ
01:16
that will cross the Atlantic or the Pacific Ocean.
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νƒœν‰μ–‘μ΄λ‚˜ λŒ€μ„œμ–‘μ„ κ°€λ‘œμ§€λ₯Ό λ°°λ₯Ό κΈ°λ‹€λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:20
That person is loading up a truck
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κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ€ νŠΈλŸ­μ— μ‹€λ €μ„œ
01:24
that will cross the Rio Grande.
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λ¦¬μ˜€κ·Έλžœλ“œλ₯Ό κ°€λ‘œμ§ˆλŸ¬ 갈 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
Or that person is standing
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ν˜Ήμ€ κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ€ 기닀리며
01:30
at a railroad platform
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μ—΄μ°¨ ν”Œλž«νΌμ—μ„œ
01:32
about to board a train that will cross rivers and mountains
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μ‚°κ³Ό 강을 κ±΄λ„ˆκ°ˆ κΈ°μ°¨λ₯Ό 타고
01:38
out of the Jim Crow South
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짐 ν¬λ‘œμš°λ²•(흑인차별)이 μžˆλŠ” 남뢀λ₯Ό λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜
01:40
to what they hope will be freedom in the North.
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그듀이 μ›ν•˜λŠ” 자유λ₯Ό λΆλΆ€μ—μ„œ μ°ΎκΈΈ λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:45
And there, with this young person
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그리고 κ±°κΈ°μ—μ„œ 이 μ²­λ…„κ³Ό
01:50
as they are about to board that ship,
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그듀이 νƒ€κ³ κ°ˆ λ°°,
01:54
that boat,
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보트,
01:55
that truck, that train,
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트럭, 기차,
01:58
are the people who raised them.
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그듀을 κΈ°λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:01
Their mother, their father,
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜,
02:04
their aunt, their uncle, their grandparents,
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μˆ™λͺ¨, μ‚Όμ΄Œ, ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆμ™€ 할아버지,
02:08
whoever it might have been who had gotten them to this point.
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이런 상황이 μ˜€λ„λ‘ λ§Œλ“  뢄듀이 말이죠.
02:13
Those older people
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κ·Έ λ‚˜μ΄λ“  뢄듀은
02:14
were not going to be able to make the crossing with them.
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κ·Έλ“€κ³Ό 같이 이주λ₯Ό ν•  수 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:19
And as they looked into the eyes of the people who had raised them,
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그리고 그듀이 κΈΈλŸ¬μ£Όμ‹  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ λˆˆμ„ λ“€μ—¬λ‹€ 보면
02:24
there was no guarantee
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κ·Έκ³³μ—λŠ” 확신이 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
that they would ever see them alive again.
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그듀이 κΈΈλŸ¬μ€€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λ‹€μ‹œ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ„ 지 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
Remember, there was no Skype,
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λ– μ˜¬λ € λ³΄μ„Έμš”, κ±°κΈ°μ—” μŠ€μΉ΄μ΄ν”„λ„ μ—†κ³ 
02:34
no e-mail, no cell phones
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μ΄λ©”μΌμ΄λ‚˜ νœ΄λŒ€ν°λ„
02:38
not even reliable long-distance telephone service.
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λ―Ώμ„μˆ˜ μžˆλŠ” μž₯거리 μ „ν™” μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ λ˜ν•œ μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
And even if there had been,
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심지어 거기에 κ°€ λ³Έ
02:43
many of the people that they were leaving did not even have telephones.
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ 쀑 μ „ν™”κΈ°λ₯Ό 가진 μ‚¬λžŒμ€ μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
This was going to be a complete break
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이건 μ™„μ „ν•œ μ€‘λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ
02:52
from all that they knew
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그듀이 μ•Œκ³  있던 λͺ¨λ“  것과
02:54
and all of the people that they loved.
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μ‚¬λž‘ν–ˆλ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ‹¨μ ˆμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
And the very next time
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그리고 맀우 였랜 μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ§€λ‚˜
02:59
that they might hear anything about the people who had raised them
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μ΄μ£Όμžλ“€μ€ 그듀을 μ–‘μœ‘ν•œ 뢄에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ 아무것도 듣지 λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
might be a telegram saying, "Your father has passed away."
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전보가 전해쀄 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€, λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ μ•„λ²„μ§€λŠ” λŒμ•„κ°€μ…¨κ±°λ‚˜
03:11
Or, "Your mother is very, very ill.
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ν˜Ήμ€ λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆκ»˜μ„œ 맀우 많이 μ•„ν”„λ‹€κ³  λ§ν•˜κ² μ£ .
03:15
You must return home quickly if you are to see her alive again."
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당신은 집에 빨리 λŒμ•„κ°€ μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆκ»˜μ„œ μ‚΄μ•„κ³„μ‹œλŠ” λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ 보렀고 ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
That is the magnitude of the sacrifice
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이런 규λͺ¨λ‘œ 희생은
03:25
that had to have happened in nearly all of our families
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우리의 κ°€μ‘± μ£Όλ³€μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ”λ°
03:30
just for us to be here.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ—¬κΈ° μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•˜μ‹  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
A single decision that changed the course of families
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κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ 결정이 κ°€μ‘±μ˜ μ§„λ‘œλ₯Ό λ°”κΎΈκ³ 
03:37
and lineages and countries and history
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ν˜ˆν†΅κ³Ό κ΅­κ°€, 역사λ₯Ό
03:41
to the current day.
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μ§€κΈˆκ» λ°”κΏ” μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:45
One of these migration streams
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 이민듀 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”
03:47
stands out in ways that we may not realize.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 깨닫지 λͺ»ν•œ κ³³μ—μ„œ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:51
It was called the Great Migration.
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μ΄λŠ” μœ„λŒ€ν•œ 이민으둜 λΆˆλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:54
It was the outpouring of six million African Americans
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μ΄λŠ” 600만 아프리카계 λ―Έκ΅­μΈλ“€μ˜ λΆ„μΆœλ‘œ
04:00
from the Jim Crow South
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짐 ν¬λ‘œμš°λ²•(흑인차별)이 μžˆλŠ” λ‚¨λΆ€μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„°
04:02
to the cities of the North and West,
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뢁μͺ½κ³Ό μ„œμͺ½μœΌλ‘œ
04:05
from the time of World War I until the 1970s.
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세계1μ°¨λŒ€μ „λΆ€ν„° 19070λ…„λ„κΉŒμ§€ μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:10
It stands out because this was the first time in American history
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이것이 λ‘λ“œλŸ¬μ§€λŠ” 것은 λ―Έκ΅­ 역사상 졜초둜
04:16
that American citizens had to flee the land of their birth
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λ―Έκ΅­ μ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ΄ 그듀이 νƒœμ–΄λ‚œ λ•…μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 도망쳐
04:23
just to be recognized as the citizens that they had always been.
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μ‹œλ―ΌμœΌλ‘œ 인정받기 μœ„ν•΄μ„œμ˜€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:28
No other group of Americans
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μ–΄λ–€ 미ꡭ인 집단도
04:30
has had to act like immigrants
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μ΄λ―Όμžλ“€μ²˜λŸΌ 행동해
04:34
in order to be recognized as citizens.
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μ‹œλ―ΌμœΌλ‘œ μΈμ •λ°›μœΌλ € ν•˜μ§„ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
So this great migration was not a move.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이 μœ„λŒ€ν•œ 이민은 κ·Έμ € 이동이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:43
It was actually a seeking of political asylum
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μ΄λŠ” μ •μΉ˜μ  망λͺ…을 μœ„ν•΄
04:47
within the borders of one's own country.
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자기 κ΅­κ°€ κ²½κ³„μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” μΌμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:51
They were defecting a caste system known as Jim Crow.
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그듀은 짐 크둜우라고 μ•Œλ €μ§„ 카슀트 μ œλ„λ₯Ό 버린 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:57
It was an artificial hierarchy
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이건 λΆ€μžμ—°μ μΈ κ³„κΈ‰μœΌλ‘œ
04:59
in which everything that you could and could not do
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당신이 ν•  수 μžˆκ±°λ‚˜ μ—†λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  것은
05:03
was based upon what you looked like.
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당신이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ³΄μ΄λŠλƒμ— κΈ°λ°˜ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:07
This caste system was so arcane that it was actually against the law
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이 카슀트 μ œλ„λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό μ‹ λΉ„λ‘œμ›Œ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 법에 μ–΄κΈ‹λ‚œλ‹€κ³ 
05:12
for a black person and a white person
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흑인과 백인의
05:15
to merely play checkers together in Birmingham.
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λ²„λ°μ—„μ—μ„œμ˜ 체컀 λ†€μ΄λ§ˆμ € κ·œμ •ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:19
You could go to jail
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당신은 감μ˜₯에 갈 수 μžˆλŠ”λ°
05:20
if you were caught playing checkers with a person of a different race.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μΈμ’…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒκ³Ό 체컀λ₯Ό ν•˜λ”λΌλ„ μž‘ν˜€κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:25
Someone must have seen a black person and a white person
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λͺ‡λͺ‡ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 흑인과 백인이
05:30
playing checkers with someone in some town square.
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λ„μ‹œμ˜ κ΄‘μž₯μ—μ„œ 타인과 체컀λ₯Ό λ‘λŠ” 것을 λ³Έ 적 μžˆλ‹€κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:33
And maybe the wrong person was winning
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ λΆ€μ μ ˆν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μ΄κΈ°κ±°λ‚˜
05:37
or they were having too good of a time,
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ν˜Ήμ€ 그듀은 쒋은 μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ³΄λƒˆκ² μ§€λ§Œ,
05:39
but whatever it was that this person saw,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이 μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 보기에 그것은
05:42
with this black person and this white person playing checkers,
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흑인과 백인이 체컀λ₯Ό λ‘λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:45
they felt the entire foundation of Southern civilization was in peril.
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그듀은 λͺ¨λ“  남뢀문λͺ…μ˜ ν† λŒ€κ°€ μœ„ν—˜μ— λΉ μ‘Œλ‹€κ³  λŠκΌˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:50
And decided that it was worth taking the time
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그리고 μ΄λŠ” 뺏을 κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€κ³  결정을 ν•΄μ„œ
05:52
to write this down as a law.
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이λ₯Ό λ²•μœΌλ‘œ μž‘μ„±ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:56
This caste system was so arcane
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이 카슀트 μ œλ„λŠ” 맀우 μ‹ λΉ„ν•΄μ„œ
05:58
that in courtrooms throughout the South there was actually a black Bible
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λ‚¨λΆ€μ˜ λ²•μ •μ—μ„œ μΉ˜λ°€ν•œ 검은 μ„±μ„œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:04
and an altogether separate white Bible
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그리고 μ™„μ „νžˆ 백인의 μ„±μ„œμ™€ 뢄리해
06:07
to swear to tell the truth on in court.
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λ²•μ •μ—μ„œ 진싀을 λ§Ήμ„Έν•˜λΌκ³  ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:12
The very word of God was segregated
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μ‹ μ΄λΌλŠ” κ·Έ λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ” μ°¨λ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ
06:15
in the caste system of the Jim Crow South.
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λ‚¨λΆ€μ—μ„œ 짐 ν¬λ‘œμš°λΌλŠ” 카슀트 제둜 μ‘΄μž¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:20
The same sacred object
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같은 μ„±μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ λ¬Όμ²΄λŠ”
06:23
could not be touched by hands of different races.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μΈμ’…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 만질 μˆ˜λ„ μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:28
This artificial hierarchy,
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이 λΆ€μžμ—°μ μΈ κ³„κΈ‰μ œλŠ”
06:31
because it goes against human desires to be free,
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자유둭고자 ν•˜λŠ” μΈκ°„μ˜ μš•κ΅¬μ— λ°˜λŒ€λ˜λŠ”λ°
06:37
required a tremendous amount of violence to maintain.
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 폭λ ₯을 μš”κ΅¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:42
Such that every four days, somewhere in the American South,
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4μΌλ§ˆλ‹€ λ―Έκ΅­ λ‚¨λΆ€μ—μ„œλŠ”
06:47
every four days an African American was lynched
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아프리카계 미ꡭ인이 λ¦°μΉ˜λ‹Ήν–ˆκ³ 
06:50
for some perceived breach of protocol in this caste system
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카슀트 μ œλ„μ˜ κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ κ°μ§€λœ μœ„λ°˜μ€
06:54
in the decades leading up to the start of the Great Migration.
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10μ—¬λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μœ„λŒ€ν•œ 이민을 μ΄λŒμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:00
This caste system had been put in place for many, many reasons.
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이 카슀트 μ œλ„λŠ” λ§Žμ€ 이유둜 μ‹œν–‰λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:05
But one of them was to maintain the economic order of the South,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이듀 쀑 λ‚¨λΆ€μ˜ κ²½μ œμ§ˆμ„œλŠ” 카슀트 μ œλ„κ°€ μœ μ§€ ν–ˆλŠ”λ°,
07:10
which required not just a supply of cheap labor
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μ΄λŠ” κ°’μ‹Ό 노동λ ₯의 곡급이 ν•„μš”ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ§€λ§Œ
07:14
but an oversupply of cheap labor to work at the will of the land.
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κ°’μ‹Ό 노동λ ₯의 κ³Όμž‰κ³΅κΈ‰μœΌλ‘œ μ§€μ£Όμ˜ μ˜μ§€λŒ€λ‘œ μΌν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:20
This Great Migration began when the North had a labor problem.
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μœ„λŒ€ν•œ 이민은 λΆλΆ€μ—μ„œ κ³ μš©λ¬Έμ œκ°€ 생겼을 λ•Œ μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:26
The North had a labor problem
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λΆλΆ€λŠ” 노동λ ₯ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ°
07:28
because it had been relying on cheap labor from Europe --
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μœ λŸ½μ—μ„œ κ°’μ‹Ό 노동λ ₯이 μœ λŸ½μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ“€μ–΄μ˜¨
07:31
immigrants from Europe --
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μ΄λ―Όμžλ“€λ‘œ ꡬ성돠어
07:32
to work the factories and the foundries and the steel mills.
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곡μž₯κ³Ό 주쑰곡μž₯, μ œλΆ„μ†Œλ“±μ„ κ°€λ™ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:36
But during World War I,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 세계1μ°¨ λŒ€μ „ λ™μ•ˆ
07:38
migration from Europe came to a virtual halt.
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μœ λŸ½μ—μ„œ 온 이민은 λ©ˆμΆ°μ§€λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ λ³΄μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:42
And so the North had a labor problem.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λΆλΆ€λŠ” 고용문제λ₯Ό κ²ͺ은 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:44
And so the North decided to go and find the cheapest labor in the land
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κ·Έλ¦¬ν•˜μ—¬ λΆλΆ€λŠ” 땅에 맀인 κ°’μ‹Ό 노동λ ₯을 κ°€μ„œ 찾기둜 κ²°μ •ν•΄
07:50
which meant African Americans in the South,
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이건 아프리카계 미ꡭ인을 λ‚¨λΆ€μ—μ„œ
07:53
many of whom were not even being paid for their hard work.
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고된 노동에도 μž„κΈˆμ„ 받지 λͺ»ν•˜λ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λ°λ €μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:57
Many of them were working
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μΌν•˜λ˜ λ§Žμ€ μ΄μ£Όμžλ“€μ€
07:58
for the right to live on the land that they were farming.
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그듀이 κ²½μž‘ν•˜λ˜ κ³³μ—μ„œ μ‚΄ ꢌ리λ₯Ό 찾으렀 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:01
They were sharecroppers and not even being paid.
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그듀은 μ†Œμž‘μΈμ΄λΌ κΈ‰μ—¬λ₯Ό 받지 λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:04
So they were ripe for recruitment.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 그듀을 μ±„μš©ν•  μ€€λΉ„κ°€ λ˜μ–΄μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:07
But it turned out
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ°ν˜€μ§„ 것은
08:09
that the South did not take kindly to this poaching of its cheap labor.
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λ‚¨λΆ€λŠ” κ°’μ‹Ό 노동λ ₯을 μΉœμ ˆν•˜κ²Œ μ°©μ·¨ν•œ 게 μ•„λ‹ˆλž€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:14
The South actually did everything it could to keep the people from leaving.
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λ‚¨λΆ€λŠ” μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 달아날 수 없도둝 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  것을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:19
They would arrest people from the railroad platforms.
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그듀은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ κΈ°μ°¨μ—­μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° μ²΄ν¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:22
Remember, putatively free American citizens.
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μƒκΈ°ν•˜μžλ©΄, μ„Έκ°„μ˜ 평가에 μžμœ κ°€ 된 λ―Έκ΅­ μ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ„
08:26
They would arrest them from their train seats.
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백인듀이 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ—΄μ°¨ μ’Œμ„μ—μ„œ μ–΅λ₯˜ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:29
And when there were too many people to arrest,
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μž‘μ•„κ°ˆ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ„ˆλ¬΄ 많자
08:32
they would wave the train on through
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κΈ°μ°¨λ₯Ό ν”λ“€μ–΄μ„œ
08:34
so that people who had been hoping
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희망을 κ°–κ³ 
08:37
and saving
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κ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
08:38
and praying for the chance to get to freedom
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자유λ₯Ό 얻을 기회λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 기도λ₯Ό 올린 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
08:41
had to figure out: How now will we get out?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ‚˜κ°ˆ 것인가 생각해야 ν–ˆμ£ .
08:46
And as they made their way out of the South,
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그듀은 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λ°©μ‹λŒ€λ‘œ λ‚¨λΆ€μ˜
08:49
away from Jim Crow,
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짐 크둜우(흑인차별)μ—μ„œ λ‚˜κ°€κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄
08:52
they followed three beautifully predictable streams
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그듀은 μ„Έ 아름닡고 μ˜ˆμΈ‘λ˜λŠ” 쀄을 따라
08:55
as is the case in any migration throughout human history.
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λͺ¨λ“  이민을 인λ₯˜μ—­μ‚¬λ₯Ό 톡틀어 μš©μ˜μ£Όλ„ν•˜κ²Œ λλƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:00
In this particular case, there were three streams.
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이런 νŠΉμ • μƒν™©μ—λŠ” μ„Έ 개의 흐름이 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:03
One was the migration along the East Coast
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ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” 동μͺ½ ν•΄μ•ˆμ„ 따라
09:08
from Florida, Georgia, the Carolinas and Virginia
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ν”Œλ‘œλ¦¬λ‹€, μΊλ‘€λΌμ΄λ‚˜, λ²„μ§€λ‹ˆμ•„, 쑰지아 λ“±μ§€μ—μ„œ
09:12
to Washington DC, to Philadelphia,
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μ›Œμ‹±ν„΄ DC, ν•„λΌλΈν”Όμ•„λ‚˜
09:15
New Jersey, New York and on up the East coast.
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뉴저지, λ‰΄μš•λ“± 동μͺ½ ν•΄μ•ˆμ„ λ”°λΌμžˆλŠ” 곳으둜 κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:19
There was the Midwest stream,
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μ€‘μ„œμͺ½μœΌλ‘œ κ°€λŠ” 길은
09:20
which carried people from Mississippi, Alabama,
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λ―Έμ‹œμ‹œν”Ό, μ•¨λΌλ°”λ§ˆ
09:24
Tennessee and Arkansas
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ν…Œλ„€μ‹œμ™€ μ•ŒμΉΈμž λ“±μ§€μ—μ„œ
09:27
to Chicago, to Detroit, to Cleveland and the entire Midwest.
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μ‹œμΉ΄κ³ , λ””νŠΈλ‘œμ΄νŠΈ, ν΄λ¦¬λ²„λžœλ“œλ‚˜ μ€‘λΆ€μ§€λ°©μœΌλ‘œ μ΄λ™ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:31
And then there was the West Coast stream,
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μ„œμͺ½ ν•΄μ•ˆμ„ λ”°λ₯Έ 길은
09:34
which carried people from Louisiana and Texas
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λ£¨μ΄μ§€μ• λ‚˜λ‚˜ νƒμ‚¬μŠ€μ—μ„œ
09:38
out to California.
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μΊ˜λ¦¬ν¬λ‹ˆμ•„λ‘œ μ΄λ™ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:39
And when they really wanted to get away,
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그리고 그듀이 μ§„μ§œλ‘œ 멀리 λ‚˜κ°€κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄
09:42
they went to Seattle.
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그듀은 μ‹œμ• ν‹€λ‘œ κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:44
And when they really, really wanted to get away,
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정말 μ•„μ£Ό 많이 멀리 λ‚˜κ°€κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄
09:47
they went to Alaska,
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그듀은 μ•Œλž˜μŠ€μΉ΄λ‘œ κ°”λŠ”λ°
09:49
the farthest possible point within the borders of the United States
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λ―Έκ΅­ μ—°λ°©μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 멀리 갈 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ μ§€μ—­μ΄μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:53
from Jim Crow South.
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λ¬Όλ‘  짐 크둜우(흑인차별)κ°€ 있던 λ‚¨λΆ€μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° 말이죠.
09:57
Before the Great Migration began,
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λŒ€μ΄μ£Όκ°€ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κΈ° μ „μ—λŠ”
10:00
90 percent of all African Americans were living in the South.
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남뢀에 90%의 아프리카계 미ꡭ인듀이 μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:04
Nearly held captive in the South.
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κ°€κΉŒμš΄ λ‚¨λΆ€λ‘œ λŒλ €κ°”μ§€μš”.
10:08
But by the time this Great Migration was over,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œμ΄ λŒ€μ΄μ£Όκ°€ λλ‚˜μž
10:11
nearly half were living all over the rest of the country.
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전ꡭ에 절반 κ°€λŸ‰μ΄ κ±°μ£Όν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:14
So this ended up being nearly a complete redistribution
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μ΄λŠ” κ°€κΉκ²Œ μž¬λ°°μΉ˜κ°€ μ™„μ „νžˆ λλ‚˜κ³ 
10:18
of part of an entire people.
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λͺ¨λ“  곳에 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:23
This Great Migration was the first time in American history
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μœ„λŒ€ν•œ μ΄μ£ΌλŠ” λ―Έκ΅­ 역사상 졜초둜
10:28
that the lowest caste people
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μ²œλ―Όκ³„κΈ‰μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
10:31
signaled that they had options and were willing to take them.
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그듀이 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ κ³„νšμ„ 가지고 μ‹€ν˜„ν•˜κ² λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œλ¦° 계기가 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:36
That had not happened in the three centuries
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그것은 300λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 더 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜κ³ 
10:40
in which African Americans had been on that soil at that time.
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아프리카계 미ꡭ인듀도 κ·Έλ•Œ 토지λ₯Ό μ†Œμœ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:46
It had not happened in 12 generations of enslavement
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μ΄ν›„μ˜ 12μ„ΈλŒ€ μ—­μ‹œ λ…Έμ˜ˆν™”μ—μ„œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜
10:51
that preceded nearly a century of Jim Crow.
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짐크둜우(흑인차별)보닀 ν•œ μ„ΈκΈ°λ₯Ό μ•žμ„œκ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:55
How many "greats"
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ μœ„λŒ€ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„
10:57
do you have to add to the word "grandparent"
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κ·Έμ € μ‘°λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜μ΄λΌ μΉ­ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ
11:01
to begin to imagine how long enslavement lasted in the United States?
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ λ…Έμ˜ˆμƒνƒœκ°€ μ§€μ†λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ 생각해 λ³ΌκΉŒμš”?
11:08
Secondly, this Great Migration was the first time in American history
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두 번째둜 이 μœ„λŒ€ν•œ 이민은 λ―Έκ΅­ 역사상 졜초둜
11:15
that the lowest caste people
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ν•˜μΈ΅κ³„κΈ‰μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
11:17
actually had a chance to choose for themselves
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그듀을 μœ„ν•œ 선택을 ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆκ³ 
11:22
what they would do with their God-given talents
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그듀이 가진 재λŠ₯으둜
11:26
and where they would pursue them.
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μ–΄λ””μ„œ 무엇을 할지 κ³ λ₯Ό 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:29
Think about those cotton fields
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κ·Έ λͺ©ν™”농μž₯듀을 생각해 λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
11:32
and those rice plantations
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그리고 μŒ€ 농μž₯κ³Ό
11:34
and those tobacco fields
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λ‹΄λ°° 농μž₯λ“€κ³Ό
11:36
and those sugar plantations.
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섀탕 농μž₯듀도 μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
11:39
On those sugar plantations,
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κ·Έ 섀탕 농μž₯λ“€μ—μ„œλŠ”
11:41
and on those tobacco fields,
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담배농μž₯λ“€μ—μ„œλ„
11:44
and on those rice plantations,
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μŒ€ 농μž₯λ“€μ΄λ‚˜
11:46
and on those cotton fields
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λͺ©ν™” 농μž₯μ—μ„œλ„
11:48
were opera singers,
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였페라 κ°€μˆ˜κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆκ³ 
11:50
jazz musicians,
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μž¬μ¦ˆμŒμ•…κ°€λ„ μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ©°
11:52
playwrights,
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κ·Ήμž‘κ°€λ‚˜
11:54
novelists,
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μ†Œμ„€κ°€
11:56
surgeons,
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μ™Έκ³Όμ˜μ‚¬
11:57
attorneys,
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λ³€ν˜Έμ‚¬
11:59
accountants,
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μš°μ£ΌλΉ„ν–‰μ‚¬
12:01
professors,
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ꡐ수
12:03
journalists.
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μ €λ„λ¦¬μŠ€νŠΈλ„ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:04
And how do we know that?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ·Έκ±Έ μ•„λƒκ³ μš”?
12:06
We know that because that is what they and their children
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•Œκ²Œλœ μ΄μœ λŠ” κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 아이듀과
12:11
and now their grandchildren and even great-grandchildren
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μ΄μ œλŠ” κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ†μž, ν˜Ήμ€ 쑰손듀이
12:15
have often chosen to become
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선택할 수 있게 λ˜μ–΄
12:17
once they had the chance to choose for themselves
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그듀이 μžμ‹ μ„ μœ„ν•œ 선택을 ν•΄
12:21
what they would do with their God-given talents.
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무엇을 할지 그듀이 가진 μ²œλΆ€μ  재λŠ₯으둜 κ³¨λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:25
Without the Great Migration,
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μœ„λŒ€ν•œ 이민이 μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€λ©΄
12:27
there might not have been a Toni Morrison as we now know her to be.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν† λ‹ˆ λͺ¨λ¦¬μŠ¨ 같은 μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μ—†μ—ˆκ² μ£ .
12:33
Her parents were from Alabama and from Georgia.
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κ·Έλ…€μ˜ λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜μ€ μ•¨λΌλ°”λ§ˆμ™€ μ‘°μ§€μ•„μ—μ„œ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:36
They migrated to Ohio,
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그듀은 μ˜€ν•˜μ΄μ˜€μ— 이민을 κ°”μ£ .
12:38
where their daughter would get to do something
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 딸이 무언가λ₯Ό ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 곳으둜
12:40
that we all take for granted at this point,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이민을 κ°€λŠ” 것이 λ‹Ήμ—°ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
12:43
but which was against the law and against protocol for African Americans
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μ΄λŠ” 아프리카계 미ꡭ인듀에 λŒ€ν•œ 법에 μ €μ΄‰λ˜μ–΄
12:48
at the time that she would have been growing up in the South,
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딸이 λ‚¨λΆ€μ—μ„œ μžλΌλ©΄μ„œ
12:51
had they stayed.
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그듀은 계속 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:52
And that is just to walk into a library
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이건 κ·Έμ € λ„μ„œκ΄€μœΌλ‘œ λ“€μ–΄κ°€
12:55
and take out a library book.
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책을 λΉŒλ¦¬λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:57
Merely by making the single decision to leave,
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κ·Έμ € λ– λ‚˜κ² λ‹€λŠ” 결정을 ν•˜λŠ”λ°λŠ”
13:01
her parents assured that their daughter would get access to books.
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κ·Έλ…€μ˜ λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜μ΄ λ”Έμ—κ²Œ 책을 λΉŒλ¦¬λŠ” 게 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:05
And if you're going to become a Nobel laureate,
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그리고 당신이 λ¬Έν•™ μˆ˜μƒμžκ°€ λœλ‹€λ©΄
13:08
it helps to get a book now and then.
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μ΄λŠ” 책을 κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ”λ° 도움이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:10
You know, it helps.
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도움이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:13
Music as we know it was reshaped by the Great Migration.
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μŒμ•…μ€ μœ„λŒ€ν•œ 이주둜 μž¬νƒ„μƒν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:19
As they came North, they brought with them,
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그듀이 뢁μͺ½μ—μ„œ μ˜€λ©΄μ„œ μŒμ•…μ„ κ°€μ Έμ™”κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
13:21
on their hearts and in their memories,
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 마음과 기얡은
13:24
the music that had sustained the ancestors --
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μ„ μ‘°λ‘œλΆ€ν„° μŒμ•…μ„ κ³„μ†ν•˜κ²Œλ˜μ–΄
13:27
the blues music, the spirituals and the gospel music
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λΈ”λ£¨μŠ€ μŒμ•…,찬솑가,볡음의 μŒμ•…λ“±μ΄
13:31
that had sustained them through the generations.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ„ΈλŒ€λ₯Ό 거쳐 μ§€μ†λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:34
And they converted this music into whole new genres of music.
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그리고 그듀은 이 μŒμ•…μ„ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μž₯λ₯΄λ‘œ λ°”κΏ‰λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:39
And got the chance to record this music,
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그리고 이 μŒμ•…μ„ λ…ΉμŒν•  κΈ°νšŒκ°€ μžˆμ–΄
13:42
this new music that they were creating,
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그듀이 λ§Œλ“  μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μŒμ•…μ΄
13:44
and to spread it throughout the world.
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μ„Έκ³„λ‘œ νΌμ Έλ‚˜κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:47
Without the Great Migration, "Motown" would not have existed.
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μœ„λŒ€ν•œ 이민이 μ—†λ‹€λ©΄, λͺ¨νƒ€μš΄ μ‚¬μš΄λ“œλŠ” μ—†μ—ˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€
13:51
The founder, Berry Gordy, his parents were from Georgia.
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μ„€λ¦½μžμΈ 베리 κ³ λ₯΄λ””μ˜ λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜μ€ μ‘°μ§€μ•„μ—μ„œ μ˜€μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:54
They migrated to Detroit.
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그듀은 λ””νŠΈλ‘œμ΄νŠΈλ‘œ μ΄μ£Όν•˜μ…¨μ£ .
13:56
And when he got to be a grown man, he decided he wanted to go into music.
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그리고 κ·Έκ°€ 성인이 되자, κ·ΈλŠ” μŒμ•…μ„ ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:00
But he didn't have the wherewithal to go all over the country
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 졜고의 재λŠ₯을 μ°Ύμ•„λ‹€λ‹ˆλ©° 온 λ‚˜λΌλ₯Ό 닀닐 자금이 μ—†μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
14:03
looking for the best talent,
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14:05
and it turned out he didn't have to.
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결둠은 그럴 ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:07
It turned out that there he was,
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μ•Œκ³  λ³΄λ‹ˆ κ±°κΈ°μ—λŠ”
14:09
surrounded by children of the Great Migration
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λŒ€μ΄μ£Όλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 온 아이듀이 μžˆλŠ”λ°
14:12
whose parents had brought this music up with them during the journey.
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κ·Έ λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ·Έ 여정을 ν•˜λ©° μŒμ•…μ„ ν•¨κ»˜ κ°€μ Έμ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:16
And among those children were these three girls,
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κ·Έ 아이듀 κ°€μš΄λ° 이 μ„Έ λͺ…μ˜ μ†Œλ…€λ“€μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
14:20
there was Mary Wilson,
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마리 윌슨과
14:23
Florence Ballard
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ν”Œλ‘œλžœμŠ€ λ°œλΌλ“œ
14:25
and there was a third one:
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그리고 μ„Έ 번째둜
14:27
Diana Ross.
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λ‹€μ΄μ•„λ‚˜ λ‘œμŠ€κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:29
We might not know Diana Ross' name had there been no Great Migration.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ•„λ§ˆλ„ λ‹€μ΄μ• λ‚˜ 둜슀의 이름이 μ΄μ£Όμ—λŠ” μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:33
Because like a lot of Americans and a lot of human beings in general,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ λ§Žμ€ 일반적으둜 λ§Žμ€ 미ꡭ인과 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
14:37
she might not have existed because her parents might not have met.
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κ·Έλ…€μ˜ λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜λ“€μ΄ λ§Œλ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜κΈ°μ— κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ•„λ§ˆλ„ μ—†μ—ˆμ„ 거라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:40
Her mother was from Alabama,
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κ·Έλ…€μ˜ μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆλŠ” μ•¨λΌλ°”λ§ˆμ—μ„œ μ™”κ³ 
14:42
father from West Virginia,
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μ•„λ²„μ§€λŠ” λ²„μ§€λ‹ˆμ•„ μ„œλΆ€μ—μ„œ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:44
they migrated to Detroit, different years,
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그듀은 λ””νŠΈλ‘œμ΄νŠΈμ— λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‹œκΈ°μ— μ΄μ£Όν–ˆκ³ 
14:48
met, married, had her and her siblings,
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λ§Œλ‚˜μ„œ κ²°ν˜Όν•΄ 그녀와 ν˜•μ œλ“€μ΄ 생기죠.
14:51
and thus a legend was born.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 전섀이 νƒ„μƒν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:54
Jazz was a creation of the Great Migration.
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μž¬μ¦ˆλŠ” λŒ€μ΄μ£Όμ˜ μ‚°λ¬Όμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:58
And one of the greatest gifts of the Great Migration.
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그리고 μœ„λŒ€ν•œ 이주의 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 선물은
15:02
Starting with Louis Armstrong, who was born in Louisiana
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λ£¨μ΄μ§€μ• λ‚˜μ—μ„œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚œ 루이 μ•”μŠ€νŠΈλ‘±μœΌλ‘œ μΆœλ°œν•΄ κ·ΈλŠ”
15:06
and migrated on the Illinois Central Railroad to Chicago,
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일리노이 철도λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ μ‹œμΉ΄κ³ λ‘œ 이주해
15:10
where he got the chance to build on the talent
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그의 재λŠ₯을 κ½ƒν”ΌμšΈ 기회λ₯Ό μž‘μ•„
15:13
that was within him all along.
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κ·ΈλŠ” λ‚΄λ‚΄ 그곳에 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:16
Miles Davis.
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마일즈 λ°μ΄λΉ„μŠ€.
15:17
His parents were from Arkansas.
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그의 λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜μ€ μ•ŒμΉΈμ†Œμ—μ„œ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:19
They migrated to southern Illinois,
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그듀은 일리노이 λ‚¨λΆ€λ‘œ μ΄μ£Όν•˜μ…¨κ³ 
15:22
where he would get the chance to build on the talents
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κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ κ·ΈλŠ” 그의 재λŠ₯을 μ°Ύμ•„
15:25
that were within him all along
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그곳에 μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ‚˜
15:27
but which could have gone fallow in the cotton country of Arkansas.
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μ•ŒμΉΈμ†Œμ˜ λͺ©ν™” μž¬λ°°μ§€κ°€ 쉬고 μžˆμ„κΉŒλ΄ κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:34
John Coltrane.
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쑴 콜트레인.
15:36
He migrated at the age of 16
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κ·ΈλŠ” 16세에 μ΄μ£Όν•˜μ—¬
15:38
from North Carolina to Philadelphia,
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μΊλ‘€λΌμ΄λ‚˜ λΆλΆ€μ—μ„œ ν•„λΌλΈν”Όμ•„λ‘œ κ°€
15:42
where, upon arrival in Philadelphia, he got his first alto sax.
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필라델피아에 λ„μ°©ν•΄μ„œ κ·ΈλŠ” 처음으둜 μ•Œν†  μƒ‰μ†Œν°μ„ μž‘μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:47
And there are lovers of jazz who cannot imagine a world
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λ§Žμ€ 재즈 μ• ν˜Έκ°€λ“€μ΄
μƒ‰μ†Œν°μ„ λ“  μ‘΄ 콜트레인 μ—†λŠ” 세상을 상상 λͺ»ν•˜μ£ .
15:50
without John Coltrane having gotten a hold of a saxophone.
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15:56
Thelonious Monk.
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λΈλ‘œλ‹ˆμ–΄μŠ€ λͺ½ν¬
15:58
Michael Jackson.
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마이클 잭슨
16:00
Jesse Owens.
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μ œμ‹œ μ˜€μ›¬μŠ€
16:01
Prince.
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ν”„λ¦°μŠ€
16:03
August Wilson.
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μ–΄κ±°μŠ€νŠΈ 윌슨
16:04
Richard Wright.
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λ¦¬μ°¨λ“œ 라이트
16:05
Ralph Ellison.
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λž„ν”„ μ—˜λ¦¬μŠ¨
16:07
Michelle Obama.
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λ―Έμ…Έ μ˜€λ°”λ§ˆ.
16:09
These are all a few of the millions of people
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이듀은 수백만 λͺ… κ°€μš΄λ° μ†Œμˆ˜μ΄μ§€λ§Œ
16:15
who were products of the single decision to migrate.
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μ΄μ£Όν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ 결정을 ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:20
The people of the Great Migration
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μœ„λŒ€ν•œ 이주에 λŒ€ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
16:22
met with tremendous resistance in the North.
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λΆλΆ€μ—μ„œ μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 저항을 λ§Œλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:25
And they were not able to defeat all social injustice.
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그듀이 λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬νšŒ λΆˆκ³΅μ •μ„ 물리칠 μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:31
But one person
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ—
16:33
added to another person,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 더해지고
16:35
added to another person,
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 더해져
16:36
multiplied by millions,
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수백만 λͺ…μœΌλ‘œ λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚˜
16:39
were able to become the advance guard of the civil rights movement.
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μ‹œλ―ΌκΆŒ μš΄λ™μ˜ μ§„λ³΄λœ λ³΄ν˜Έκ°€ κ°€λŠ₯ν•΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:45
One person added to another person,
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ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ— λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 더해지고
16:48
added to another person,
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 더해져
16:50
multiplied by millions,
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수백만 λͺ…이 λ˜μ–΄
16:51
acting on a single decision,
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ν•œ 가지 결정을 ν•œ 것이
16:53
were able to change the region that they had been forced to flee.
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κ°•μ œλ‘œ 도망쳐야 ν–ˆλ˜ 지방을 λ°”κΏ€ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:00
They had more power in leaving
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그듀은 λ– λ‚¨μœΌλ‘œ μ˜ν•΄
κ·Έμ Έ λ¨Έλ¬΄λŠ” 것보닀 λ”ν•œ νž˜μ„ κ°€μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:03
than by staying.
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17:06
By their actions,
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ ν–‰λ™μœΌλ‘œ μ˜ν•΄
17:08
these people who had absolutely nothing
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아무것도 ν•  수 μ—†μ—ˆλ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
17:11
were able to do what a president of the United States,
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미ꡭ의 λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ΄μ—ˆλ˜
μ•„λΈŒλΌν•¨ 링컨도 ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œ κ±Έ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:15
Abraham Lincoln, was not able to do.
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17:19
These people, by their actions,
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이 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄, κ·Έλ“€μ˜ ν–‰λ™μœΌλ‘œ
17:22
were able to do
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λ…Έμ˜ˆν•΄λ°© 선언이 ν•  수 μ—†λ˜ 일을 ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:23
what the Emancipation Proclamation could not do.
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17:28
These people, by their actions,
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이 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄, κ·Έλ“€μ˜ ν–‰λ™μœΌλ‘œ
17:31
were able to do what the powers that be,
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ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
뢁뢀와 λ‚¨λΆ€μ˜ ꢌλ ₯μžλ“€μ΄
17:35
North and South,
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17:37
could not or would not do.
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ν•  μˆ˜λ„, ν•˜μ§€λ„ μ•Šμ„ 일을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:41
They freed themselves.
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그듀은 μžμ‹ μ„ ν•΄λ°©μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:43
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:45
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
17:51
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:52
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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