How to reduce the wealth gap between Black and white Americans | Kedra Newsom Reeves

55,108 views

2020-11-12 ・ TED


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How to reduce the wealth gap between Black and white Americans | Kedra Newsom Reeves

55,108 views ・ 2020-11-12

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Transcriber: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Joanna Pietrulewicz
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λ²ˆμ—­: Jeongyeon Kim κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
As last recorded by the US Federal Government,
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졜근 λ―Έκ΅­ μ—°λ°© μ •λΆ€μ˜ 보고에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
00:15
the median wealth for a white family in the United States was 171,000 dollars
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λ―Έκ΅­ 백인 쀑산측 κ°€μ • 평균 μž¬μ‚°μ€ 171,000 λ‹¬λŸ¬μ΄κ³ ,
00:21
and the median wealth for a Black family was just 17,000 dollars,
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흑인 쀑산측 가정은 17,000 λ‹¬λŸ¬λ‘œ
00:25
a 10x different over 150 years after the end of slavery.
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λ…Έμ˜ˆ μ œλ„ 폐지 이후 150λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 10배에 λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” 격차가 μƒκ²ΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
I think first we have to ask ourselves, what is wealth really?
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λΆ€λΌλŠ” 것이 무엇인지 λ¨Όμ € μžλ¬Έν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:33
Well, wealth is all of your assets, all of the things that you own,
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λΆ€λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  μžμ‚°κ³Ό μ†Œμœ μ—μ„œ
00:37
minus all of your liabilities.
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λͺ¨λ“  뢀채λ₯Ό λΊ€ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:38
Assets are things like your car, your house, your savings account,
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μžμ‚°μ€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ μžλ™μ°¨, 집, κ³„μ’Œ,
00:41
your checking account, your investments, if you own other properties,
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예금 κ³„μ’Œ, 투자, μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 가지고 μžˆλŠ” 뢀동산,
00:46
your business.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 사업 등을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:48
Well, that gap, that 10x gap,
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κ·Έ μ—΄ 배에 κ°€κΉŒμš΄ 격차가 생긴 μ΄μœ λŠ”
00:51
is partially because for many years,
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λΆ€λΆ„μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” 수 λ…„λ™μ•ˆ
00:55
decades in fact,
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싀은 λͺ‡ μ‹­λ…„μ΄κ² μ§€λ§Œ
00:56
Black Americans were left off of that ladder
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흑인듀이 κ·Έ 계측 μ‚¬λ‹€λ¦¬μ—μ„œ λ‚™μ˜€λ‹Ήν•˜κ³ 
00:58
and didn't really have access to it.
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μ ‘κ·Όν•  수 μ—†μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
Well, why are we talking about this now?
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μ™œ 이런 이야기λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
01:03
Well, in 2020, in the midst of a global pandemic and a looming recession,
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2020λ…„ 전세계적인 팬데믹과 λ‹€κ°€μ˜€λŠ” 뢈경기의 ν•œ κ°€μš΄λ°μ—μ„œ
01:08
inequities are really laid bare
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λΆˆν‰λ“±μ€ 미ꡭ이 κ°–μΆ˜ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ—μ„œ
01:09
across nearly every system in the United States:
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ λ“œλŸ¬λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:12
health care, education, criminal justice and finance,
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의료, ꡐ윑, 사법 μ œλ„, 그리고 μž¬μ • λ“±μ—μ„œμš”.
01:17
and people were moved to take action online, in streets,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 온라인, 거리,
01:21
in meetings at work, in corporate boardrooms.
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직μž₯, μ΄μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œ 이λ₯Ό λ°”λ‘œμž‘κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ…Έλ ₯ν–ˆμ£ .
01:23
And I, as a consultant, started having conversations with clients
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그리고 μ €λŠ” μžλ¬Έκ°€λ‘œμ„œ μƒμƒμΉ˜λ„ λͺ»ν–ˆλ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό
01:27
that I thought I would never have.
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λŒ€ν™”λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ„κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ§€μš”.
01:29
I guess the question that I'd been asking myself is,
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μ œκ°€ μŠ€μŠ€λ‘œμ—κ²Œ 계속 던져온 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€
01:32
how do we make sure that in this moment, this results in action and progress
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ§€κΈˆ μ΄μˆœκ°„, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 행동과 κ³Όμ •μ˜ κ²°κ³Όκ°€
01:36
that starts to close that wealth gap for Black versus white Americans?
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흑인과 백인 κ°„μ˜ λΉˆλΆ€κ²©μ°¨λ₯Ό 쀄일 수 μžˆλŠ”κ°€μ˜€μ–΄μš”.
01:40
So who am I?
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그럼 μ €λŠ” λˆ„κ΅¬μΌκΉŒμš”?
01:41
My name is Kedra Newsom Reeves.
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제 이름은 μΌ€λ“œλΌ 뉴섬 λ¦¬λΈŒμŠ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
I am a consultant for banking institutions,
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μ €λŠ” κΈˆμœ΅κΈ°κ΄€ μžλ¬Έκ°€μ΄μž
01:45
hedge funds, asset managers.
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ν—€μ§€νŽ€λ“œ, μžμ‚°κ΄€λ¦¬μžμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
But before any of that,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έ 전에
01:49
I am a Black American who is the descendant of slaves.
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μ €λŠ” ν‘μΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ…Έμ˜ˆμ˜ 후손이죠.
01:52
And when we talk about the wealth gap,
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λΉˆλΆ€κ²©μ°¨μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λ €λ©΄
01:54
it's really important to understand the history,
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역사λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 것이 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
01:56
so I thought I'd tell a little story about a family, my family,
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저희 가쑱에 λŒ€ν•΄ 짧게 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³ 
01:59
and how policy intersects with wealth.
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정책이 뢀와 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ΅μ°¨λ˜λŠ”μ§€ 이야기 해보렀 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:02
So we'll start with my great-great-grandfather.
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λ¨Όμ € 제 κ³ μ‘° 할아버지에 λŒ€ν•œ 이야기뢀터 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μžλ©΄
02:05
He was a man named Silas Newsom,
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이름은 μ‚¬μΌλŸ¬μŠ€ λ‰΄μ„¬μ΄μ—ˆκ³ μš”.
02:06
and Silas was born a slave outside Nashville, Tennessee,
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μ‚¬μΌλŸ¬μŠ€ κ³ μ‘°λΆ€λŠ” ν…Œλ„€μ‹œ μ£Ό λ‚΄μŠˆλΉŒ μ™Έκ³½μ—μ„œ λ…Έμ˜ˆλ‘œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚˜μ…¨λŠ”λ°
02:10
on Newsom Station,
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뉴섬 μ—­μ—μ„œ
02:11
where he and his family worked on a quarry.
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κ°€μ‘±λ“€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ 채석μž₯μ—μ„œ μΌν•˜μ…¨μ–΄μš”.
02:14
He didn't own anything.
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ν• μ•„λ²„μ§€λŠ” 가진 게 아무것도 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:15
He didn't own his home. He didn't own property.
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집도, μž¬μ‚°λ„ μ—†μ—ˆμ£ .
02:18
He didn't really even own his own body,
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심지어 μžμ‹ μ˜ λͺΈκ³Ό
02:20
his own labor, his children.
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일, μ•„μ΄κΉŒμ§€λ„ μ†Œμœ ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμ£ .
02:22
Any of those things, all of those things,
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κ·Έ λ§Žμ€ 것듀은, κ·Έ λͺ¨λ“  것듀이
02:24
were here to create wealth for someone else.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ λΆ€λ₯Ό μ°½μΆœν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ‘΄μž¬ν•  λΏμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
So we believe that he was a servant
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 할아버지가 남뢁 μ „μŸ λ‹Ήμ‹œ
02:30
during the Civil War for a Confederate general
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할아버지λ₯Ό ν•΄λ°©μ‹œμΌœμ£ΌκΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ‹Έμš΄
02:33
who was actually fighting to keep him enslaved,
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남뢀 μ—°ν•©κ΅° μž₯ꡰ의 λ…Έμ˜ˆμ˜€λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
02:36
so he really had no wealth, he had no control over his life.
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κ³ μ‘°λΆ€λŠ” μž¬μ‚°λ„ μ—†μ—ˆκ³ , 삢에 λŒ€ν•œ ν†΅μ œκΆŒλ„ μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:39
Well, at the end of slavery, there was a policy opportunity.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ…Έμ˜ˆ μ œλ„μ˜ λμ—λŠ” μ •μ±… κΈ°νšŒκ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
There was a question:
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그리고 ν•œ 가지 질문이 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
what do we do for the hundreds of years of slavery
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100λ…„ κ°„μ˜ λ…Έμ˜ˆ μ œλ„λŠ” 사라지고
02:48
now that we are ending slavery and the country is coming together?
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λ‚˜λΌκ°€ ν•˜λ‚˜λ‘œ ν†΅ν•©λ˜λŠ” μ§€κΈˆ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 무엇을 ν•΄μ•Όν• κΉŒμš”?
02:51
And there was a choice.
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ν•œκ°€μ§€ 선택이 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
We could make a settlement with the slaves,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ…Έμ˜ˆλ“€κ³Ό ν•©μ˜ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
02:55
or we could make a settlement with the slave owners.
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λ…Έμ˜ˆμ˜ 주인듀과 ν•©μ˜ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
Well, the slaves had no power to advocate for themselves in that moment,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ…Έμ˜ˆλ“€μ€ κ·Έ λ‹Ήμ‹œ μžμ‹ μ„ λ³€ν˜Έν•  힘이 μ—†μ—ˆκ³ 
03:01
and the country had to be united,
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λ‚˜λΌλŠ” μ–΄μ°Œλ˜μ—ˆλ“  ν†΅ν•©λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
03:03
so the federal government decided to give that settlement to slave owners,
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μ—°λ°© μ •λΆ€λŠ” λ…Έμ˜ˆ 주인듀과 ν•©μ˜ν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ κ²°μ •ν–ˆκ³ 
03:08
essentially giving them money for the property that they had lost
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μ „μŸμ΄ 끝날 무렡 그듀이 μžƒμ€ μž¬μ‚°μ— λŒ€ν•΄
03:13
at the end of the war.
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λˆμ„ μ§€λΆˆν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
And not their physical property, not their homes, but people,
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그것은 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 물리적인 μž¬μ‚°λ„,집도 μ•„λ‹Œ μ‚¬λžŒμ— λŒ€ν•œ λ³΄μƒμ΄μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
03:18
the slaves that had provided free labor for years and decades.
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λ°”λ‘œ 수 μ‹­λ…„λ™μ•ˆ λ¬΄μž„ 노동을 ν•œ λ…Έμ˜ˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
03:22
So Silas, at the end of the Civil War,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ ν• μ•„λ²„μ§€λŠ” 남뢁 μ „μŸμ΄ 끝날 λ•Œ μ―€
03:25
had no wealth.
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μž¬μ‚°μ΄ μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
He was free but had no wealth.
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자유의 λͺΈμ΄ λ˜μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ, μž¬μ‚°μ΄ μ—†μ—ˆλ˜ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:29
He became a sharecropper.
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κ³ μ‘°λΆ€λŠ” μ†Œμž‘μΈμ΄ λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
03:30
My great-grandfather Silas was born
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제 증쑰 할아버지 μ‚¬μΌλŸ¬μŠ€λŠ”
03:32
a number of years after the end of slavery,
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λ…Έμ˜ˆ μ œλ„κ°€ νμ§€λ˜κ³  λͺ‡ λ…„ λ’€ νƒœμ–΄λ‚˜μ…¨λŠ”λ°,
03:34
and he was drafted to serve in World War I
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1μ°¨ λŒ€μ „μ—μ„œ
03:37
along with 350,000 other Black American soldiers
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 35만 λͺ…μ˜ 흑인 ꡰ인듀과 ν•¨κ»˜
03:40
in segregated units.
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특수 인쒅 λΆ€λŒ€μ— μ§•μ§‘λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:42
He served in the war.
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μ‚¬μΌλŸ¬μŠ€ 증쑰 ν• μ•„λ²„μ§€λŠ” μ „μŸμ— μ°Έμ „ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
03:43
When he came back to the United States,
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할아버지가 미ꡭ으둜 λŒμ•„μ™”μ„ λ•Œ,
03:45
at the end of the war, there was very anti-Black sentiment.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ μ „μŸμ΄ 끝날 λ¬΄λ ΅μ—λŠ” λ°˜ν‘μΈ 감정이 λ§Œμ—°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:48
The economy was compressing, there were a lot of stressors,
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κ²½μ œλŠ” μœ„μΆ•λ˜μ—ˆκ³ , λ‹€λ₯Έ 슀트레슀 μš”μΈλ“€λ„ λ§Žμ•˜μœΌλ©°
03:51
and Black people could not get land, they could not get loans for homes,
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흑인듀은 토지λ₯Ό 가지지도 λͺ»ν–ˆκ³  주택 λŒ€μΆœμ„ 받지도 λͺ»ν–ˆλŠ”데
03:57
they really could not acquire any credit to build wealth over time,
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μ‹œκ°„μ΄ ν˜λ €μŒμ—λ„ 흑인듀은 μ—¬μ „νžˆ μž¬μ‚°μ„ λͺ¨μ„ 여건이 μ•ˆλΌμ„œ
04:01
so he also became a farmer.
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증쑰뢀 μ—­μ‹œ 농뢀가 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:04
And he had a son, also named Silas --
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μ¦μ‘°ν• μ•„λ²„μ§€λŠ” λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ μ‚¬μΌλŸ¬μŠ€λΌλŠ” 이름을 물렀받은 아듀이 μžˆμ—ˆκ³ ,
04:06
there are a lot of Silases in my family --
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저희 κ°€μ‘±μ—λŠ” μ‚¬μΌλŸ¬μŠ€κ°€ μ°Έ λ§Žμ•„μš”
04:09
my grandfather.
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κ·Έ 뢄이 제 ν• μ•„λ²„μ§€μ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:10
My grandfather Silas was also a soldier and fought in World War II.
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할아버지 μ‚¬μΌλŸ¬μŠ€λ„ ꡰ인이셨고 2μ°¨ 세계 λŒ€μ „μ— μ°Έμ „ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
After World War II,
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2μ°¨ 세계 λŒ€μ „ 후에
04:16
the US Federal Government passed the GI Bill,
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λ―Έκ΅­ μ—°λ°© μ •λΆ€λŠ” GIλΌλŠ” 법을 ν†΅κ³Όμ‹œμΌ°λŠ”λ°
04:18
which provided support for veterans.
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μ°Έμ „μš©μ‚¬ μž¬μ • 지원에 κ΄€ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
04:20
And the bill provided for building of hospitals,
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이 법은 병원 건물,
04:23
student loans
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ν•™μžκΈˆ,
04:24
and, most importantly for wealth-building, low-interest home mortgages for veterans.
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그리고 무엇보닀 μ°Έμ „ μš©μ‚¬λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ €κΈˆλ¦¬λ‘œ 주택 λŒ€μΆœμ„ μ œκ³΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:31
In the years following the war,
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μ „μŸμ΄ λλ‚˜κ³  λͺ‡ 년이 μ§€λ‚˜μž
04:33
the GI Bill accounted for four billion dollars of funding
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GI법은 μž¬μ • 자금의 40μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό
04:37
to nine million veterans.
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900만 λͺ…μ˜ μ°Έμ „ μš©μ‚¬λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ§€μ›ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:39
But Black veterans largely did not benefit.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ§Žμ€ 흑인 μ°Έμ „μš©μ‚¬λ“€μ΄ ν˜œνƒμ„ 받지 λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:43
So Silas, my grandfather, came back to Nashville, Tennessee,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ ν• μ•„λ²„μ§€λŠ” ν…Œλ„€μ‹œ μ£Ό λ‚΄μŠˆλΉŒμ— λŒμ•„μ™€
04:46
and he married my grandmother, whose name is Cinderella.
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μ‹ λ°λ λΌλΌλŠ” 이름을 가진 저희 ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆμ™€ κ²°ν˜Όν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:50
Yes, my grandmother's name was Cinderella.
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λ„€, 제 ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆ 성함은 μ‹ λ°λ λΌμ˜ˆμš”.
04:52
And they had eight children.
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그리고 할아버지 λΆ€λΆ€λŠ” μ—¬λŸ λͺ…μ˜ μžμ‹μ„ λ‚³μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:54
But they never bought a home.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 두 뢄은 μ ˆλŒ€ 집을 μ‚¬μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:56
And the highlight of their housing journey
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그리고 집을 μ–»κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μ—¬μ •μ˜ ν•˜μ΄λΌμ΄νŠΈλŠ”
04:58
was moving into a new public housing project
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 곡곡주택사업에
05:01
with their children
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아이듀과 ν•¨κ»˜ μž…μ£Όν•˜κ³ 
05:02
and paying rent for that housing project,
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κ·Έ 사업에 집세λ₯Ό λ‚΄λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
05:04
which in terms of the quality of housing was fantastic for them and a step up,
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집은 전보닀 더 μ’‹μ•˜κ³  계측 이동에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ ν™˜μƒμ μ΄μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ,
05:09
but did not allow them to build wealth.
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μž¬μ‚°μ„ λͺ¨μ„ μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:12
My father, another soldier,
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저희 아버지도 μ—­μ‹œ κ΅°μΈμ΄μ‹œκ³ 
05:14
a 20-year veteran of the United States Marines,
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20λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ λ―Έν•΄λ³‘λŒ€μ—μ„œ λ³΅λ¬΄ν•˜μ…¨λŠ”λ°
05:16
bought his first home in his early 50s,
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μ•„λ²„μ§€λŠ” 50λŒ€ μ΄ˆλ°˜μ— 처음 집을 μƒ€μ§€λ§Œ
05:18
but it took four generations for our family to move into homeownership
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저희 가쑱이 μ£Όνƒμ˜ μ†Œμœ μžκ°€ 되고
05:24
and begin to build ownership and equity in a home.
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주택 μ†Œμœ κΆŒκ³Ό μžλ³Έμ„ μŒ“λŠ” λ°μ—λŠ” 자그마치 4λŒ€κ°€ κ±Έλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:29
That's one family's story, and I skipped a lot of things
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이것은 ν•œ κ°€μ‘±μ˜ 이야기일뿐이고
05:32
that happened between the end of slavery and today:
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λ…Έμ˜ˆ 해방일뢀터 μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ κΉŒμ§€ μΌμ–΄λ‚œ λ§Žμ€ 일듀이 μƒλž΅λœ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:35
redlining, housing discrimination before the Fair Housing Act in the 1970s,
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νŠΉλ³„ 경계 지역 지정,1970λ…„λŒ€ 곡정주택 법 μ œμ • 이전에 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 주택 차별,
05:40
the really important role that Black-owned banks played
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흑인 μ‚¬νšŒλ₯Ό κ±΄μ„€ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
05:43
in building Black communities,
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흑인 은행이 ν–ˆλ˜ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ—­ν• λ“€μ΄μš”.
05:46
the Savings and Loan Crisis of the 1980s,
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1980λ…„λŒ€μ˜ μ €μΆ•λŒ€λΆ€μ‘°ν•© μœ„κΈ°λŠ”
05:48
which crushed a lot of Black banks,
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흑인 은행듀에 큰 타격을 μ£Όμ—ˆκ³ 
05:50
and the subprime crisis in 2008,
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2008λ…„ μ„œλΈŒν”„λΌμž„ μœ„κΈ°λ‘œ
05:53
which stripped a lot of Black and brown homeowners of their homes.
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λ§Žμ€ 흑인 주택 μ†Œμœ μžλ“€μ΄ 집을 μžƒκ²Œ 됐죠.
05:57
There's a lot of history there,
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이 λ§Žμ€ 역사듀이
05:58
but that story tells you a bit about how we get to this 10x gap
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κ·Έ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” ν˜„μž¬ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ§ˆμ£Όν•˜λŠ” 10배의 μž¬μ‚° 차이가
06:02
where we are today.
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚œ 것인지λ₯Ό 쑰금 μ•Œλ €μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:05
Now, certainly, as we think about the size of that gap,
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이제 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ·Έ 차이의 크기에 λŒ€ν•΄ 생각해 λ³Ό λ•Œ
06:08
it is critical for the Federal Government to take a number of actions.
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μ—°λ°© μ •λΆ€μ—μ„œ μ·¨ν•˜λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ‘°μΉ˜λ“€μ€ ꡉμž₯히 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:14
That said, financial institutions play a really important role
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κ·Έλ ‡κΈ΄ ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 금육 기관듀은
06:17
in providing access to credit, access to capital,
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μ‹ μš© λŒ€μΆœκ³Ό 자본 μ΄μš©μ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:21
to build communities
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곡동체λ₯Ό μ„Έμš°κ³ 
06:22
and allow Black communities to thrive.
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흑인 μ‚¬νšŒκ°€ μ„±μž₯ν•  수 있게 ν•˜μ£ .
06:26
We have to be clear;
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν™•μ‹€νžˆ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:28
managing 17,000 dollars better does not get us there.
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17,000 λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό 더 잘 κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒλ§ŒμœΌλ‘œλŠ” 그곳에 도달할 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:32
Better education does not get us there.
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더 λ‚˜μ€ ꡐ윑으둜 도달할 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:35
Access to credit and capital are critical.
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μ‹ μš©κ³Ό μžλ³Έμ— λŒ€ν•œ 접근이 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:39
So I want to talk about four solutions today
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” 였늘 κΈˆμœ΅κΈ°κ΄€λ“€μ΄ λΉˆλΆ€κ²©μ°¨λ₯Ό μ€„μ΄λŠ” 데에 κΈ°μ—¬ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
06:41
that financial institutions can contribute to start to close the wealth gap.
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λ„€ 가지 해결책에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:46
Number one is getting more people on the ladder,
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μ²«λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” 사닀리에 더 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λŒμ–΄λ“€μ—¬
06:49
getting more people banked.
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은행에 μ˜ˆκΈˆν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:52
We know today that about half of Black Americans
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  ν‘μΈμ˜ 절반 정도가
06:55
are un- or underbanked.
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은행을 μ΄μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ±°λ‚˜ 이용 쑰건에 λΆ€ν•©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:57
Unbanked means that you don't have a banking account.
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은행을 μ΄μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 건 은행 κ³„μ’Œκ°€ μ—†λ‹€λŠ” μ˜λ―Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:59
Underbanked means that you have a bank account
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은행 이용 쑰건에 λΆ€ν•©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 건
07:02
but you use alternative services for check-cashing or payday lending
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κ³„μ’Œκ°€ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ λˆμ„ ν™•μΈν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ 급여일에 λŒ€μΆœν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ λˆμ„ μ§€λΆˆ ν•  λ•Œ
07:07
or paying bills.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:09
And that's not just expensive from a transaction perspective
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그리고 이것은 κ±°λž˜λΌλŠ” κ΄€μ μ—μ„œλ§Œ λΉ„μ‹Ό 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
07:12
in terms of the fees that you pay,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ§€λΆˆν•˜λŠ” μˆ˜μˆ˜λ£Œμ—μ„œλ„,
07:14
it's also expensive in terms of the time that you commit to paying a bill.
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λ˜ν•œ λˆμ„ μ§€λΆˆν•˜λŠ”λ° λ“œλŠ” μ‹œκ°„μ—λ„ λ§Žμ€ λΉ„μš©μ΄ λ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:17
Think about how you pay your utility bill today.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  κ³΅κ³ΌκΈˆμ„ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ‚΄λŠ”μ§€ μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
07:20
It probably comes out of your checking account.
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μ•„λ§ˆ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ κ³„μ’Œμ—μ„œ 돈이 λ‚˜κ°€κ² μ§€μš”.
07:23
You don't even think about it.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 그것을 염두에 두지 μ•ŠμœΌμ‹œμ£ .
07:24
You set it up in advance, and it's automatic.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 미리 섀정해놓은 λŒ€λ‘œ μžλ™μ΄μ²΄ λ ν…Œλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
07:26
Well, if you're unbanked,
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λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ 은행 κ³„μ’Œκ°€ μ—†λ‹€λ©΄,
07:28
you are probably going to get a money order somewhere,
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μ–΄λ”˜κ°€μ—μ„œ μš°νŽΈν™˜μ„ μ–»μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:30
physically, a piece of paper.
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λ¬Όλ¦¬μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” κ·Έμ € 쒅이 ν•œμž₯μ΄μ§€λ§Œμš”.
07:32
You then travel to City Hall or your DMV
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κ·Έ λ‹€μŒ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ‹œμ²­μ΄λ‚˜ DMV둜 κ°€μ„œ
07:35
to pay that bill.
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λˆμ„ μ§€λΆˆν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:36
About 40 percent of people who are unbanked
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은행 κ³„μ’Œκ°€ μ—†λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ 쀑 40%λŠ”
07:39
say they are unbanked because they think they don't have the minimum amount
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κ³„μ’Œλ₯Ό μœ μ§€ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ΅œμ†Œν•œμ˜ κΈˆμ•‘μ΄ μ—†μ–΄μ„œ
07:43
to really maintain a checking account.
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κ°œμ„€ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€κ³  λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:46
Well, that's just not true.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그것은 사싀이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:47
In the last several years,
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μ§€λ‚œ λͺ‡ λ…„ κ°„
07:49
credit unions, community banks and major banking institutions
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μ‹ μš© μ‘°ν•©, 지역 은행, μ£Όμš” 은행 μž¬λ‹¨ 등은
07:52
have created low-cost, no-minimum checking and savings account products
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μ΅œμ†Œ ν•œλ„κ°€ μ—†λŠ” μ €κ°€μ˜ 예금 κ³„μ’Œ μƒν’ˆμ„ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:57
specifically made for this population.
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νŠΉλ³„νžˆ μ•žμ„œ λ§ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ μœ„ν•œ 것이죠.
08:00
So we have an issue with awareness.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” 우리의 인식에 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:03
Banks, community partners and others
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은행, 지역 곡동체 등은
08:05
have to work together to increase the awareness of these products
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μƒν’ˆλ“€μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒμ˜ 인식을 κ°œμ„ μ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
08:09
in communities that need them,
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ν˜‘λ ₯ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜κ³ ,
08:10
so that we can start to reduce the number of people
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은행 κ³„μ’Œκ°€ μ—†κ±°λ‚˜ 쑰건에 λΆ€ν•©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”
08:13
who are un- and underbanked
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μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ 수λ₯Ό 쀄이고
08:14
and get them on the ladder that we talked about earlier.
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이전에 이야기 ν–ˆλ˜ κ·Έ 사닀리에 이듀을 λŒμ–΄μ˜¬λ €μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:17
The challenge is about 28 percent of Black and Latinx families
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λ¬Έμ œλŠ” 흑인과 라틴계 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 28% 정도가
08:20
are credit-invisible,
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μ‹ μš©λΆˆλŸ‰μžλΌλŠ” 점인데
08:22
which means that you have a thin credit file or no credit file.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ‹ μš© λΆˆλŸ‰μ€ μ‹ μš© 정보가 맀우 μ κ±°λ‚˜ μ—†λ‹€λŠ” μ˜λ―Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:26
And the way that credit works and creditworthiness assessments work
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μ‹ μš©κ³Ό μ‹ μš© 평가가 μž‘λ™ν•˜λŠ” μ›λ¦¬λŠ”
08:29
is to say, if you can prove
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λ°”λ‘œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄
08:31
that you have paid credit back consistently previously,
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이전에 μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€μΆœκΈˆμ„ κ°šμ•˜λŠ”μ§€,
08:34
then I can lend you more credit.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ 더 λ§Žμ€ λŒ€μΆœμ΄ λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό μž…μ¦ν•˜λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:36
It's kind of a chicken or an egg situation.
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그것은 닭이 먼저냐 κ³„λž€μ΄ 먼저냐 ν•˜λŠ” 상황과 λΉ„μŠ·ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:39
The interesting thing is that banks and financial technology companies
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ν₯미둜운 사싀은 은행과 금육 기술 νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ΄
08:42
have really innovated in recent years to use alternative data --
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λŒ€μ•ˆ 정보λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμ„λ§ŒνΌ 졜근 λͺ‡ λ…„κ°„ λ°œμ „ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:45
cable bills,
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케이블 μš”κΈˆ,
08:47
utility bills,
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곡과금,
08:49
rent payments, etc. --
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μž„λŒ€λ£Œ 등을 톡해
08:51
to show that you're able to consistently make payments.
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μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ λ‚©λΆ€ν•  λŠ₯λ ₯이 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ 확인 ν•  수 있게 된 것이죠.
08:56
The additional challenge on this one, unlike the last one,
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이 λ¬Έμ œμ— λŒ€ν•œ 좔가적인 λ¬Έμ œλŠ”
08:59
which was more about awareness,
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인식과 더 κ΄€λ ¨ κΉŠμ—ˆλ˜ μ•žμ„  λ¬Έμ œμ™€λŠ” 달리
09:01
is that you need to have regulatory support to do these things.
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이런 것듀을 μ΄μš©ν•˜λ €λ©΄ 규제 κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ 지원을 λ°›μ•„μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:05
You need to prove to regulators
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 규제 κΈ°κ΄€μ—κ²Œ
09:07
that you are able to fairly use alternative data
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ ν•©λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€μ•ˆ 정보λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŒμ„ 증λͺ…ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
09:10
to lend credit to marginalized groups.
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μ†Œμ™Έ 계측에 λŒ€μΆœμ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:13
What we need to see is, from the Federal Government
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§€μΌœλ΄μ•Ό ν•  것은
09:15
and the banking industry,
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μ—°λ°© 정뢀와 금육 업계뢀터가
09:17
to come together to create innovation sandboxes
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ν˜‘λ ₯ν•˜μ—¬ ν˜μ‹ μ„ 이루어 λ‚΄κ³ 
09:19
to start to use alternative data to expand to marginalized groups.
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μ†Œμ™Έ κ³„μΈ΅μ—κ²Œ 닿을 μ •λ„κΉŒμ§€ λŒ€μ•ˆ 정보λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:24
Well, what about communities?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ κ³΅λ™μ²΄λŠ”μš”?
09:26
Without community wealth,
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곡동체가 λΆ€μœ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λ©΄
09:28
individual wealth, in a way, is on an island.
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개인의 λΆ€λŠ” μ–΄μ°Œλ³΄λ©΄ μ™Έλ”΄ 섬과 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:31
And if you go into most major cities in the United States
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미ꡭ의 μ£Όμš” λ„μ‹œλ“€μ„ 보면
09:33
to most communities of color,
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μœ μƒ‰ 인쒅 곡동체듀에
09:36
what you'll find is underinvested communities.
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νˆ¬μžκ°€ 이루어지지 μ•Šκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:39
For every economic crisis, these communities have suffered severely.
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경제 μœ„κΈ° λ•Œλ§ˆλ‹€ 이듀은 κ·Ήμ‹¬ν•œ 고톡을 κ²ͺμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:42
For every economic boom, they have not benefited.
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반면 경제 ν˜Έν™© λ•ŒλŠ” ν˜œνƒ 받지 λͺ»ν–ˆμ£ .
09:45
And so what we're seeing in a number of cities across the country,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 전ꡭ에 μžˆλŠ” λ§Žμ€ λ„μ‹œλ“€,
09:48
and I'll use Chicago as an example,
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μ‹œμΉ΄κ³ λ₯Ό 예둜 λ“€μ–΄λ³΄μžλ©΄
09:51
is the partnerships occurring
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제휴 ν˜„μƒμ΄ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
09:53
between banking institutions,
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κΈˆμœ΅κΈ°κ΄€,
09:56
philanthropists,
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μžμ„ κ°€λ“€,
09:58
the city and community leaders
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λ„μ‹œμ™€ 지역 μ‚¬νšŒ 리더듀은
10:00
to invest hundreds of millions of dollars
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수 얡에 λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό νˆ¬μžν•΄μ„œ
10:02
to build community resources
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지역 μ‚¬νšŒ μžμ›μ˜ ν† λŒ€λ₯Ό μŒ“κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
10:04
and communities that have historically been disinvested.
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μ—­μ‚¬μ μœΌλ‘œ 투자λ₯Ό 받지 λͺ»ν•œ 곡동체듀과 제휴λ₯Ό λ§ΊλŠ” 것이죠.
10:08
Lastly, we've got to talk about business,
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 사업에 λŒ€ν•œ 이야기λ₯Ό ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”λ°
10:10
and not just small businesses.
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단지 μž‘μ€ μ‚¬μ—…λ§Œμ„ λ§ν•˜λ €λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:13
Now, when you have individual stability and a banking institution,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 개인적으둜 μ•ˆμ •λœ μƒνƒœμ— 금육 κΈ°κ΄€κ³Ό 관계λ₯Ό λ§Ίμ—ˆκ³ ,
10:17
and you have access to credit, and when you have community wealth,
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μ‹ μš©μ— 접근을 ν•  수 있게 λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 곡동체도 λΆ€μœ ν•΄μ‘Œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λ©΄
10:20
those are all fantastic things, but we need also job creation.
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λ¬Όλ‘  이 λͺ¨λ“  게 ꡉμž₯ν•œ 일듀이긴 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ˜ν•œ 일자리λ₯Ό μ°½μΆœν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:24
Take all of the new tech companies,
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μ‹ ν₯ κΈ°μ—…λ“€μ˜ 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
10:26
and I say "new" because now they're not so new,
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μ‹ ν₯μ΄λΌλŠ” 말을 κ°•μ‘°ν•œ 건 이제 κ·Έ 기업듀이 그닀지 μƒˆλ‘­μ§„ μ•Šμ•„μ„œκ³ μš”.
10:30
but take Facebook, Google, Amazon.
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μ•„λ¬΄νŠΌ 페이슀뢁, ꡬ글, μ•„λ§ˆμ‘΄μ„ 예둜 λ“€μ–΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
10:32
At some point, all of those companies were sole proprietorships
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ν•œ λ•Œ 이 νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ€ κ°œμΈκΈ°μ—…μ΄λ‚˜ 닀름 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:35
with one employee
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직원이 ν•œ λͺ…λΏμ΄κ±°λ‚˜
10:37
or a few employees
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μ•„μ£Ό 적은 수의 직원듀이
10:38
that were building a technology that was not yet proven.
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아직 κ²€μ¦λ˜μ§€λ„ μ•Šμ€ κΈ°μˆ μ„ κ°œλ°œν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
10:42
What those companies received early on
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이 νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ΄ μ΄ˆκΈ°μ— 받아듀인 것이 무엇이냐,
10:46
was venture capital money.
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λ°”λ‘œ 벀처 κΈ°μ—… μžκΈˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:48
And when you look at venture capital today,
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그리고 μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  벀처 κΈ°μ—…μ˜ 자본의 경우,
10:50
only one percent of venture capital funds go to Black founders.
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단 1%의 자금만이 흑인 μ„€λ¦½μžμ—κ²Œ λŒμ•„κ°€κ³  있죠.
10:54
So if Black entrepreneurs are largely shut out of those networks
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흑인 기업인듀은 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬μ—μ„œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚  μ‹œ
10:57
they're not able to grow,
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μ„±μž₯ν•  수 μ—†κ²Œ 되고,
10:59
and the only way for that to change
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이λ₯Ό λ°”κΏ€ 수 μžˆλŠ” μœ μΌν•œ 방법은
11:01
is from within the industry itself.
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μ‚°μ—… μžμ²΄μ— μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:04
In this generation, we must not only be talking about thriving businesses
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우리 μ„ΈλŒ€μ—μ„œλŠ” 흑인 μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œ λ²ˆμ°½ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬μ—…λ“€λ§Œ
11:08
in Black communities.
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μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ•ˆλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:09
We must also be talking about seeing more Black-owned
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 흑인이 μš΄μ˜ν•˜κ³  μ„€λ¦½ν•œ 더 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬μ—…λ“€μ˜
11:13
and founded businesses going public.
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λŒ€μ€‘ν™”μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλ„ λ…Όν•΄μ•Όν•΄μš”.
11:17
Those are just four solutions.
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이것은 κ·Έμ € λ„€ 가지 ν•΄κ²°μ±…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:18
There's many other things that can and should be done
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λΉˆλΆ€ 격차λ₯Ό 쀄이기 μœ„ν•΄ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 일듀은
11:21
to close the wealth gap.
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이 밖에도 λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:23
This gap is not new.
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이 κ²©μ°¨λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:24
It was born and perpetuated by federal policy, social constructs
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κ·Έ μ°¨μ΄λŠ” μ—°λ°© μ •μ±…, μ‚¬νšŒ ꡬ쑰,
11:31
and business practice over time,
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사업 κ΄€ν–‰ λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 생겼고 였랜 μ‹œκ°„ μ§€μ†λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
11:32
and all of those things need to change
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이 λͺ¨λ“  것듀은 λ°”λ€Œμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:35
to start to close the gap.
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격차λ₯Ό μ„œμ„œνžˆ μ€„μ—¬λ‚˜κ°€λ €λ©΄μš”.
11:37
Financial institutions play a really critical role
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금육 기관은 개인적 차원, μ§€μ—­μ‚¬νšŒμ  차원,
11:39
at the individual level, at the community level
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그리고 사업적 μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œλ„
11:42
and at the business level.
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정말 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:43
It's important to our families, it's important to our communities
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이것은 우리 κ°€μ‘±μ—κ²Œ μ€‘μš”ν•˜κ³ , 우리 지역 μ‚¬νšŒμ—κ²Œλ„ μ€‘μš”ν•˜κ³ ,
11:46
and it's important to our economy.
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우리 κ²½μ œμ—λ„ μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:49
Instead of talking about how the gap continues to grow,
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격차가 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 계속 λ²Œμ–΄μ§€λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κΈ° λ³΄λ‹€λŠ”
11:52
let's begin to close the gap now.
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이젠 κ·Έ 격차λ₯Ό 쀄이기 μœ„ν•΄ λ…Έλ ₯ν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
11:54
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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