Nithya Ramanathan: The problem of vaccine spoilage -- and a smart sensor to help | TED

63,887 views ・ 2021-12-29

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Dahyeon Lee κ²€ν† : DK Kim
μ €κ²Œ μ €μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
미ꡭ인 여성이 λ¬΄λ¦ŽκΉŒμ§€ 진흙 속에 λΉ μ Έ κ°€λ©°
μ΄μƒν•œ κΈˆμ† μƒμžλ“€μ„ λ“€κ³  λ‹€λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:12
There I was, an American woman,
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λ°©κΈ€λΌλ°μ‹œ μ–΄λŠ μ‹œκ³¨μ— κ°€μ„œ
직접 λ§Œλ“  감지기듀을 μ„€μΉ˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:15
up to my knees in muck, wielding these strange metal boxes.
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μ§€ν•˜μˆ˜κ°€ μ™œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λ³‘λ“€κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œμ˜€μ£ .
μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 관심을 μ’€ λŒμ—ˆμ§€μš”.
00:21
I was in rural Bangladesh,
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00:22
deploying sensors that we'd built
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00:24
in order to understand why the ground water was making people sick.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 제 κΈ°μˆ μ€ λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ 문제λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
And I attracted some attention.
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μ•„μ£Ό μΉœν•΄μ§„ 지역 μ‚¬νšŒμ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 해결책을 κΈ°λŒ€ν–ˆμ£ .
00:33
But my tech simply measured the problem.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” μžκΈˆμ„ λͺ¨μ•˜κ³ 
λ„μ‹œμ—μ„œ κΈ°μˆ μžλ“€μ„ κ³ μš©ν•΄μ„œ μš°λ¬Όμ„ 깊게 파고
00:37
The local communities that I'd really come to connect with
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λΉ„μ†Œλ₯Ό ν”Όν•΄μ„œ κΉ¨λ—ν•œ 물을 μ–»κ²Œ λ„μ™€μ€¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
were expecting a solution.
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00:43
So I raised funds, hired engineers from the city
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μΆ•ν•˜ν–ˆμ£ .
00:47
in order to dig a deep well and bypass the arsenic
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 비행기에 νƒ€λ©΄μ„œ,
00:50
and provide access to clean water.
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우물이 망가지면 μ–΄μ©Œλ‚˜ μƒκ°ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
00:52
And we celebrated.
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κΈ°μˆ μžλ‘œμ„œ μ €λŠ” 이게 λ§Œμ•½μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μ‹œκΈ°μ˜ λ¬Έμ œμΌλΏμž„μ„ μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:56
But as I boarded the plane, I thought, β€œWhat if it breaks?”
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μš°λ¬Όμ— λ¬Έμ œκ°€ 생기면 λˆ„κ°€ κ³ μΉ κΉŒμš”?
λΉ„μš©μ€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•˜κ³ μš”?
01:02
I'm an engineer.
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μ• μ΄ˆμ— λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μƒκ²ΌλŠ”μ§€ 그듀이 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
01:03
I know that's not if but when.
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01:06
When the well breaks, who will fix it?
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곧이어 ν•„μˆ˜ν’ˆ λ°°κΈ‰μ˜ 이런 ν˜„μ‹€μ΄
01:09
How will they pay for it?
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전기와 μ‚¬νšŒ 기반 μ‹œμ„€μ΄ λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ—μ„œλŠ”
01:11
And will they even know there's a problem in the first place?
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λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜ ν”ν•œ μΌμž„μ„ μ•Œκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
01:15
And I soon learned that this is all too often
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01:18
how lifesaving equipment is deployed globally
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계속 μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ•„μ£Ό λ‚˜λΉ μ§€κ³  λ‚˜μ„œμ•Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λŠ”
01:21
in countries with limited electricity and infrastructure.
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그런 감지기λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κ³ μ‹Άμ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λŒ€μ‹ μ—, μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λŠ” 기술 μž₯비와
01:26
I kept thinking, I don't want to just build sensors
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ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λŠ” μž₯λΉ„λ₯Ό κ²°ν•©ν•˜λ©΄ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
01:30
that measure a problem once it's very bad.
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01:33
What if instead we brought together the tech built to measure
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뭘 ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
백신을 예둜 λ“€μ–΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
01:38
together with the equipment built to solve?
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백신은 λ„ˆλ¬΄ λœ¨κ±°μ›Œλ„ νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μ—†κ³ 
01:41
What could we unlock?
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μ˜μ™Έλ‘œ λ„ˆλ¬΄ μ°¨κ°€μ›Œλ„ νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μ—†μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 백신을 λ°°ν¬ν•˜λ €λ©΄ 냉μž₯κ³ κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:45
Take vaccines.
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01:47
Vaccines won't work if they get too hot or, surprisingly, too cold,
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크고 μž‘μ€ 냉μž₯고의
μ•ˆμ •μ μΈ μž‘λ™μ΄ ν•„μˆ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:52
so distributing vaccines requires refrigerators,
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냉μž₯κ³ λŠ” 생λͺ…을 ꡬ할 수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ,
01:57
big and small,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ£Όλ°© μš©ν’ˆλ“€μ²˜λŸΌ λ„ˆλ¬΄ 자주 κ³ μž₯λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
to function reliably.
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λ‚¨μ•„μ‹œμ•„μ—μ„œ ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” λ°±μ‹ μ˜ 절반 이상이
02:03
Fridges can save lives,
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02:05
but all too often, like any kitchen appliance, they break.
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전달 과정이 μ™„λ£Œλ  쯀에 μ˜¨λ„λ‘œ μΈν•œ λ³€μ§ˆ 징후λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
One study in South Asia found
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02:12
that over half of vaccine doses showed evidence of temperature damage
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이것은 ν•΄λ‹Ή 백신을 λ§žμ€ 아이듀이
μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ” 면역을 얻지 λͺ»ν–ˆμ„ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
by the time of the end of their journey.
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냉μž₯고의 κ³ μž₯은 큰 문제이고 μ–΄λ””μ—μ„œλ‚˜ 일어날 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:20
This means that the children that would have received those vaccines
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02:23
may not have actually been protected.
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2015년에 μ—¬κΈ° μΊ˜λ¦¬ν¬λ‹ˆμ•„μ—μ„œ
μŠ€νƒ ν¬λ“œ 어린이 병원은
02:27
Fridge failure is a big problem,
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02:28
and it can happen anywhere.
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μ΅œλŒ€ 8κ°œμ›”κ°„ μ˜€μž‘λ™ν•œ 냉μž₯κ³ λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
Here in California,
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직원듀은 천였백 가ꡬ에 μ—°λ½ν•˜μ—¬
02:33
in 2015, Stanford Children's Health discovered a fridge
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μ•„μ΄λ“€μ˜ μž¬μ ‘μ’…μ„ λ…Όμ˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
that had been malfunctioning for up to eight months.
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그런데 κ°€μ‘±λ“€κ³Ό 연락할 수 μ—†λ‹€λ©΄μš”?
02:40
Staff contacted 1,500 families about revaccinating those children.
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λ§Œμ•½ 그듀이 λ„λ³΄λ‘œ 6μ‹œκ°„ 거리에 μ‚°λ‹€λ©΄μš”?
λ§Œμ•½ 1회 접쒅이 μœ μΌν•œ κΈ°νšŒλΌλ©΄μš”?
02:46
But what if you can't just get the families on the phone?
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μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜ 백신듀을 κ³ λ €ν•˜λ©΄ 특히 μ§€κΈˆ μœ„ν—˜μ„±μ΄ λ†’μ£ .
02:50
What if they live a six-hour walk away?
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02:53
What if that first shot is your only shot?
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2021λ…„ 5μ›” νƒ„μžλ‹ˆμ•„μ—μ„œλŠ”
μ˜€μž‘λ™ν•œ 냉μž₯고의 지λŠ₯ν˜• 감지기가
02:57
The stakes are high, especially now with COVID vaccines.
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지역 λ©΄μ—­ λ‹΄λ‹Ήμžμ—κ²Œ 즉각 λ°˜μ‘ μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό λ³΄λ‚΄μ„œ
03:01
Now, in May 2021, in Tanzania,
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κΈ°μˆ μžκ°€ λ°”λ‘œ ν˜„μž₯에 λ‚˜κ°€ κ³ μž₯λ‚œ 배선을 μˆ˜λ¦¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
a failing fridge with our smart sensor
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03:07
prompted an immediate response from the regional immunization officer,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 그곳의 백신듀은 μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ²Œ μœ μ§€λμ£ .
03:11
and a technician was out to the site and fixed some faulty wiring,
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μ‹€μ‹œκ°„ 감지기가 λͺ¨λ“  κ±Έ λ°”κΏ¨μ–΄μš”.
03:15
and all the vaccines at that site stayed safe.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ 해결책을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ„œ
μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ μ˜¨λ„λ₯Ό ν™•μΈν•˜κ³ 
03:20
Real-time sensor data made all the difference.
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νƒ„μžλ‹ˆμ•„μ˜ 냉μž₯고와 연결을 μœ μ§€ν–ˆμ£ .
03:24
We built a simple solution that continuously monitors the temperature
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κ°μ§€κΈ°λŠ” 냉μž₯κ³ κ°€ μ˜€μž‘λ™ν•˜λ©΄ μžλ™μœΌλ‘œ μ¦‰μ‹œ 문자λ₯Ό λ³΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:29
and keeps that fridge in Tanzania connected.
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은 κ°„ν˜Έμ‚¬μ™€ κΈ°μˆ μžλ“€μ΄
03:32
It sends an immediate text message automatically when the fridge fails,
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μž₯λΉ„λ₯Ό κ°–μΆ”κ³  문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•  μ€€λΉ„κ°€ λ˜μ–΄μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
and importantly, the nurses and the technicians are ready
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저희 νŒ€κ³Ό μ°Έμ—¬μžλ“€μ€ 이 κΈ°μˆ μ„ ν™•μž₯ν•˜μ—¬
03:40
and equipped to respond and fix the problem.
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μ•„μ‹œμ•„μ™€ 아프리카 μ „μ—­μ—μ„œ 만였천 κ³³ 이상에 μ μš©ν•˜μ—¬
03:45
My team and our partners have scaled this technology
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맀년 지ꡬ에 νƒœμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” μ•„κΈ° 10λͺ… 쀑 1λͺ…μ˜
03:48
to over 15,000 sites across Asia and Africa,
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백신을 λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
(λ°•μˆ˜)
03:54
protecting the vaccine supply
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03:56
for one in 10 babies born on Earth each year.
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그리고 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ κ³ μž₯ μž₯λΉ„λ₯Ό κ°μ§€ν•˜λŠ” λ™μΌν•œ 자료λ₯Ό μ¨μ„œ
04:01
(Applause)
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곡급망 λ‚΄ κ°€μž₯ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ 연결점을 찾을 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
And the same data that's used to actually detect the broken equipment
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λΉ„μƒμ‹œμ— κ°€μž₯ μ ν•©ν•œ μž₯μ†Œμ΄λ©° λ…Έμ„ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:13
can also be used to reveal the strongest links in the chain.
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저희 νŒ€μ€ ν˜„μž¬ κ΅­κ°€λ“€κ³Ό ν˜‘λ ₯ν•˜μ—¬
μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜ λ°±μ‹ μ˜ 졜적 경둜λ₯Ό 밝히고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
These are the best sites and routes to use in an emergency.
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감지기 자료λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄ μ˜¨λ„ 쑰절 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ
04:22
My team is working now with countries
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졜고의 λ°±μ‹  μž₯μ†Œλ₯Ό 식별할 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:24
to reveal these pathways for COVID vaccines,
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이 μž₯μ†Œλ“€μ€ κ²°κ΅­
04:27
so using sensor data for identifying the best vaccine sites
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λͺ¨λ“  λ°±μ‹  λ³΄κΈ‰μ˜ 근간이 될 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν˜„μž¬μ™€ λ―Έλž˜μ—μš”.
04:31
in terms of temperature control.
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04:33
In turn, these sites can then serve as a backbone for all vaccine delivery.
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μ œκ°€ 배운 건 μ΄κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
감지기 μžλ£ŒλŠ” 상황을 μ™„μ „νžˆ λ°”κΏ€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:39
Now and in the future.
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인λͺ… ꡬ쑰 λ¬Όν’ˆλ“€μ— ν•„μš”ν•œ
04:42
So here's what I've learned.
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ν†΅ν•©λœ 쑰치λ₯Ό κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ”
04:44
Sensor data can change the game
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μ§„μ‹€ν•œ ν˜„μž₯ 정보λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
04:47
by providing a common source of ground truth
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λ°±μ‹  냉μž₯고뿐만이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ,
04:51
that enables coordinated action required to maintain lifesaving equipment.
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λͺ¨λ“  인λͺ… ꡬ쑰 μš©κ΅¬λ“€μ΄ ν•΄λ‹Ήν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 병원 νƒœμ–‘ μ „μ§€νŒ,
04:58
Not just vaccine fridges
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인곡호흑기, μ‚°μ†Œν†΅ 등이 있죠.
05:01
but any equipment deployed to save lives,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이런 이점을 μ–»μœΌλ €λ©΄
05:05
from solar panels on hospitals to ventilators and oxygen tanks.
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μžλ£Œμ— νˆ¬μžν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜κ³ 
지역 μ‚¬νšŒμ™€ ꡭ가듀이 주도적인 μœ„μΉ˜μ—μ„œ
05:12
But in order to realize these benefits,
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μžλ£Œμ— 따라 쑰치λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” 데 ν•„μš”ν•œ
05:15
we need to invest in data
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05:17
and ensure that local communities and countries
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μžμ›μ— μ ‘κ·Όν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν•  λ§Œν•œ κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:21
are in the driver's seat
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μ €λŠ” 이 기술이 μΈ‘μ •ν•˜κ³ ,
05:22
and that they have access to the resources they need
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05:25
to act on what their data is telling them.
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큰 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κ³ ,
05:29
It's worth it.
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05:30
I know, because I have seen how the same tech can be used to measure,
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해결책을 μœ μ§€ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
제 λ°©κΈ€λΌλ°μ‹œ μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ˜ κΈ°λŒ€κ°€ μ²˜μŒλΆ€ν„° λ§žμ•˜λ˜ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌμš”.
05:36
solve big problems and sustain those solutions.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
(λ°•μˆ˜)
05:41
Just as my friends in Bangladesh were right to expect all along.
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05:45
Thank you.
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05:46
(Applause)
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이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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