The Incredible Cancer-Detecting Potential of Photoacoustic Imaging | Lei Li | TED

49,297 views ・ 2022-03-12

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: ν•œλ‚˜ 졜 κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:05
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths globally.
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μœ λ°©μ•”μ€ μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μΉ˜μ‚¬μœ¨μ΄ 높은 μ•”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:10
About one in eight US women will develop invasive breast cancer
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λ―Έκ΅­ μ—¬μ„± μ—¬λŸ λͺ… 쀑 ν•œ λͺ…은
μ‚΄λ©΄μ„œ μœ λ°©μ•”μ„ μ•“μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:14
over the course of their lifetime.
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00:16
And globally, millions of women suffer from breast cancer every year.
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μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ 맀년 백만 λͺ…이 μœ λ°©μ•”κ³Ό λ§žμ„œ μ‹Έμ›Œμš”.
00:22
But it is quite treatable if detected early.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ΄ˆκΈ°μ— λ°œκ²¬ν•˜λ©΄ λŒ€κ°œ μΉ˜λ£Œκ°€ κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
Right now, actually, mammography is the gold standard
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ν˜„μž¬λ‘œμ„œλŠ” 유방 쑰영술이 μœ λ°©μ•” μ§„λ‹¨μ˜ ν‘œμ€€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
for breast cancer diagnosis.
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00:31
But mammography has a 10 percent chance of missed detection.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 유방 μ‘°μ˜μˆ λ‘œλŠ” 암을 놓칠 ν™•λ₯ μ΄ 10%μ˜ˆμš”.
00:36
Thousands of lives could be lost each year
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맀년 수천 λͺ…이
00:39
because of this 10 percent.
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이 10% λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 죽을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
Today, I’m going to introduce a new technology:
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였늘, μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κΈ°μˆ μ„ ν•˜λ‚˜ μ†Œκ°œν•΄λ“œλ¦¬λ € ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
photoacoustic imaging.
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κ΄‘μŒν–₯ μ˜μƒν•™μ΄μ—μš”.
00:50
As you can see,
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λ³΄μ‹œλ“―μ΄
00:51
it provides a much clearer image,
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훨씬 μ„ λͺ…ν•œ 사진을 μ œκ³΅ν•΄μ„œ
00:54
leading to a more accurate diagnosis.
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더 μ •ν™•ν•œ 진단을 ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
It will be affordable, just like an ultrasound scan.
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초음파 κ²€μ‚¬μ²˜λŸΌ λΆ€λ‹΄ν•  λ§Œν•œ 가격일 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:02
It's painless and fast,
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아프지 μ•Šκ³  λΉ¨λΌμš”.
01:03
taking only 15 seconds to scan the entire breast in 3D.
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유방 전체λ₯Ό μž…μ²΄λ‘œ κ²€μ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” 데 15μ΄ˆλ°–μ— 걸리지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:09
And immediate results will be delivered to the patients.
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결과도 즉각 λ‚˜μ™€ ν™˜μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ „λ‹¬λΌμš”.
01:14
Beyond breast imaging,
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유방 μ˜μƒμ„ λ„˜μ–΄μ„œ
01:15
this technology will broadly transform how we see inside our bodies --
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이 κΈ°μˆ μ€ λͺΈ 속을 λ³΄λŠ” 방법 자체λ₯Ό μ™„μ „νžˆ λ°”κΏ€ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:20
and, maybe one day, even allow us to diagnose cancer
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μ–Έμ  κ°€ μ‹œκ³„ 같은 μ°©μš©μ‹ 기기둜
01:24
via a wearable watch-like device
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암을 λ°œκ²¬ν•  수 μžˆμ„μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
that monitors circulating tumor cells.
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μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ” μ’…μ–‘ 세포λ₯Ό μΆ”μ ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
01:30
So what is photoacoustic imaging?
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그러면 κ΄‘μŒν–₯ μ˜μƒν•™μ΄ λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
01:34
Based on a photoacoustic effect,
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κ΄‘μŒν–₯ 효과λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄μ„œ
01:36
it is a conversion of light energy into sound energy.
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λΉ› μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό μ†Œλ¦¬ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ‘œ μ „ν™˜ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:41
We shot a gentle laser pulse onto the tissue.
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쑰직에 μ•½ν•œ λ ˆμ΄μ € μžκ·Ήμ„ μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:44
The light is absorbed, raising its temperature a bit.
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빛이 흑수되고 μ˜¨λ„κ°€ 쑰금 μ˜€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
The rise in temperature leads to a tiny fraction of volume expansion,
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μ˜¨λ„κ°€ μƒμŠΉν•˜λ©΄ λΆ€ν”Όκ°€ μ•„μ£Ό 쑰금 νŒ½μ°½ν•˜κ³ 
01:56
which, in turn, generates acoustic waves.
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이것은 음파λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
Sensors process those sound signals,
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감지기가 이 μ†Œλ¦¬ μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό λ°›μ•„μ„œ
02:03
resulting in a high-resolution image
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κ³ ν™”μ§ˆμ˜ 사진을 λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
whose level of clarity and detail far surpasses
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ν”νžˆ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” CTλ‚˜ μ΄ˆμŒνŒŒμ™€λŠ”
02:10
what you've got with traditional CT scans or ultrasound.
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μ„ λͺ…도와 세뢀적인 λΆ€λΆ„μ—μ„œ 비ꡐ가 λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„μš”.
02:17
Now, about me.
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이제 μ œμ†Œκ°œλ₯Ό ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:20
I started out in industrial optics,
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μ €λŠ” μ‚°μ—… κ΄‘ν•™μœΌλ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
02:23
but changed direction
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μ‘°λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜λ“€μ΄ μ•”κ³Ό λ‡Œμ‘Έμ€‘μœΌλ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€μ‹œκ³  λ‚œ ν›„ λ°©ν–₯을 λ°”κΏ¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
after my grandparents died of cancer and stroke.
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02:28
I realized that we needed better imaging technology
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더 쒋은 μ˜μƒ 기술이 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό
02:32
to aid early diagnosis
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μ§ˆλ³‘μ˜ μ‘°κΈ° 진단과
02:34
and to provide a better understanding of the diseases.
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심도 κΉŠμ€ 이해λ₯Ό ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ κΉ¨λ‹¬μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
So I decided to devote myself to biomedical optical imaging.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 생물 μ˜ν•™ κ΄‘ν•™ μ˜μƒμ„ 집쀑 μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
I now research and develop next generation medical imaging
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μ €λŠ” μ§€κΈˆ λ‹€μŒ μ„ΈλŒ€ μ˜ν•™ μ˜μƒμ„ 연ꡬ κ°œλ°œν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
with applications ranging from diagnosing cancer
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μ•” μ§„λ‹¨μ—μ„œ λ‡Œ κΈ°λŠ₯ 쑰사,
02:50
to mapping brain functions
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02:52
and navigating medical micro robots for drug delivery.
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μ΄ˆμ†Œν˜• 의료 λ‘œλ΄‡μ˜ μ•½λ¬Ό μ „λ‹¬κΉŒμ§€ μ—¬λŸ¬ 상황에 μ μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:56
Here are some examples showing what we can do.
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μ €ν¬μ˜ 연ꡬλ₯Ό λͺ‡ 가지 λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦΄κ²Œμš”.
03:00
Take this mouse.
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μ—¬κΈ° μ₯κ°€ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
03:01
The mouse has been virtually sliced into 600 pieces from head to toe.
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이 μ₯λ₯Ό 머리뢀터 λ°œλκΉŒμ§€ κ°€μƒμ˜ 600 쑰각으둜 μž˜λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:07
It took only 12 seconds to complete the whole body scan.
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λͺΈ 전체λ₯Ό μΈμ‹ν•˜λŠ” 데 뢈과 12μ΄ˆλ°–μ— 걸리지 μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄μš”.
03:12
It looks a little like a mouse carpaccio.
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μ₯ μΉ΄λ₯΄νŒŒμ΄ˆμ²˜λŸΌ λ³΄μ΄λ„€μš”.
03:15
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
03:16
But don't worry, no mice were hurt during the imaging.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ±±μ • λ§ˆμ„Έμš”, μ₯λ₯Ό κ΄΄λ‘­νžˆμ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄μš”.
03:19
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
03:22
In this next video,
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λ‹€μŒ μ˜μƒ λ³΄μ‹œμ£ .
03:23
we hold the animal, another mouse, in position to image its liver.
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κ°„ 사진을 찍으렀고 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ₯λ₯Ό λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
The liver has a lot of blood vessels inside.
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간은 ν˜ˆκ΄€μ΄ ꡉμž₯히 λ§Žμ•„μš”.
03:30
You can see them as a tree-like network.
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λ‚˜λ¬΄μ˜ 쑰직망이라고 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
Because our imaging exposure time is too short, only 15 microseconds,
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μ˜μƒ λ…ΈμΆœ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 15 마이크둜초둜 ꡉμž₯히 짧기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
03:38
there is no blur at all,
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동물이 촬영 도쀑 움직여도 흐린 뢀뢄이 μ „ν˜€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:40
despite the movement of the animal during the imaging.
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03:44
The mouse is breathing normally,
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μ₯λŠ” λ³΄ν†΅μ²˜λŸΌ μˆ¨μ„ 쉬고 있고
03:46
and every frame in our video is clear.
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저희가 찍은 μ˜μƒμ˜ λͺ¨λ“  뢀뢄이 μ„ λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
With each slice we can clearly see the internal structure
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쑰각 μ‘°κ°λ§ˆλ‹€ λ‚΄λΆ€ ꡬ쑰와
03:53
and the blood vessel network.
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ν˜ˆκ΄€λ§μ„ μžμ„Ένžˆ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
03:55
This enables us to differentiate a tumor from normal tissue.
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μ’…μ–‘κ³Ό 정상 쑰직을 ꡬ뢄할 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:01
The light dose we use is well below the safety limit,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬μš©ν•œ λΉ› λ…ΈμΆœλŸ‰μ€ μ•ˆμ „ κΈ°μ€€μΉ˜ 훨씬 μ•„λž˜μ΄κ³ 
04:04
and we don't need to inject any contrast agents.
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μ‘°μ˜μ œλ„ ν•„μš” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:07
It is totally non-invasive.
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μ™„μ „νžˆ λΉ„μΉ¨μŠ΅μ μ΄μ£ .
04:11
Now, for an example, that is a little closer to home.
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쑰금 더 직접적인 μ˜ˆμ‹œλ₯Ό ν•˜λ‚˜ λ“€μ–΄λ³Όκ²Œμš”.
04:15
This is a side by side comparison of human brain images.
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μ‚¬λžŒ λ‡Œ μ˜μƒμ˜ μΌλŒ€μΌ λΉ„κ΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
On the left, you see an image from an MRI.
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μ™Όμͺ½μ€ MRI둜 찍은 μ‚¬μ§„μ΄μ—μš”.
04:23
On the right, from photoacoustic imaging.
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였λ₯Έμͺ½μ€ κ΄‘μŒν–₯ μ˜μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:27
Photoacoustic imaging can reveal detailed vasculature,
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κ΄‘μŒν–₯ μ˜μƒμ€ μžμ„Έν•œ ν˜ˆκ΄€ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ”λ°
04:30
but with even faster detection of the brain functions
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λ‡Œ κΈ°λŠ₯을 더 빨리 κ°μ§€ν•˜κ³ 
04:33
and without using the costly high-magnetic field.
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λΉ„μ‹Ό κ°•μžκΈ°μž₯도 ν•„μš” μ—†μ–΄μš”.
04:38
What you are seeing here is the brain's activity,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 보고 κ³„μ‹œλŠ” 건 λ‡Œμ˜ ν™œλ™μ΄μ—μš”.
04:41
where a patient, now a human this time,
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ν™˜μžλŠ”, μ΄λ²ˆμ—” μ‚¬λžŒμΈλ°,
04:43
taps his finger, puckers his lips,
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손가락을 λ‘λ“œλ¦¬κ³  μž…μˆ μ„ μ˜€λ―€λ¦¬λ©°
04:46
taps his tongue and is listening and thinking of words.
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ν˜€λ₯Ό μ°¨κ³  단어λ₯Ό λ“£κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜κ³  있죠.
04:52
Although I don't have a visual for it, I'd like to share one more example.
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μ˜μƒμ€ μ—†μ§€λ§Œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 예λ₯Ό ν•˜λ‚˜ 더 κ³΅μœ ν•˜κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:57
In science fiction,
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κ³Όν•™ μ†Œμ„€μ—μ„œλŠ” 마이크둜 λ‘œλ΄‡μ΄ λͺΈμ— 듀어와
04:58
micro robots enter our bodies to cure diseases
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잘 닿지 μ•ŠλŠ” 곳의 병을 μΉ˜λ£Œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:02
in hard-to-reach areas.
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05:04
However, in reality,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν˜„μ‹€μ—μ„ 
05:07
locating, guiding and controlling them inside of the body is a big challenge.
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λͺΈ μ†μ—μ„œ 자리λ₯Ό 작고 움직이고 μ‘°μ’…ν•˜λŠ” 건 μ•„μ£Ό μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:12
Just like the satellites in space guiding cars to their destinations,
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μš°μ£Όμ—μ„œ 차듀을 λͺ©μ μ§€λ‘œ μ•ˆλ‚΄ν•˜λŠ” μΈκ³΅μœ„μ„±μ²˜λŸΌ
05:16
a photoacoustic imaging system outside the body
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λͺΈ λ°–μ˜ κ΄‘μŒν–₯ μ˜μƒ μž₯μΉ˜λŠ”
05:19
can serve similarly as a GPS for the micro robots.
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μ΄ˆμ†Œν˜• λ‘œλ΄‡λ“€μ˜ GPSκ°€ 될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:24
Biomedical optics has come a long way.
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생물 μ˜ν•™ 광학은 많이 λ°œμ „ν•΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:27
The microscope used every day in modern medical diagnosis
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ν˜„λŒ€ 의료 진단에 맀일 μ“°μ΄λŠ” ν˜„λ―Έκ²½μ€
05:31
was invented in the 17th century,
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17세기에 발λͺ…λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
05:33
which revolutionized 19th century medicine by letting us see into a cell.
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세포λ₯Ό λ³Ό 수 있게 ν•΄μ£Όμ–΄ 19μ„ΈκΈ° μ˜ν•™μ„ λ³€ν˜μ‹œμΌ°μ£ .
05:40
Then, optical coherence tomography developed in 1990s
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λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ 1990λ…„λŒ€μ— 발λͺ…λœ κ΄‘κ°„μ„­ 단측 촬영 μž₯μΉ˜λŠ”
05:45
increased optical penetration to 1 millimeter,
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κ΄‘ 침투λ₯Ό 1 λ°€λ¦¬λ―Έν„°κΉŒμ§€ λ°œμ „μ‹œμΌ°κ³ 
05:49
bringing huge benefits to clinical care for skin and eyes.
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피뢀와 눈의 μž„μƒ μΉ˜λ£Œμ— 큰 도움을 μ€¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:55
Now, photoacoustic imaging,
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이제 κ΄‘μŒν–₯ μ˜μƒμ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:58
first adopted for medical use in the 2000s,
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의료 λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ 2000λ…„λŒ€μ— 처음 이용된 이 κΈ°μˆ μ€
06:01
allows us to see even more,
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더 λ§Žμ€ 것을 λ³Ό 수 있게 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:04
allowing penetration by another order of magnitude,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ°¨μ›μ˜ μΉ¨νˆ¬κ°€ κ°€λŠ₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:07
to several centimeters,
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λͺ‡ μ„Όν‹°λ―Έν„°κΉŒμ§€ λ“€μ–΄κ°€μ„œ
06:09
allowing organ-level in vivo human imaging.
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체내 μž₯기의 μƒμƒν•œ μ‚¬μ§„κΉŒμ§€ 얻을 수 있게 ν•΄μ€¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:13
Photoacoustic imaging is a highly-active and a fast-growing research field.
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κ΄‘μŒν–₯ μ˜μƒμ€ ꡉμž₯히 ν™œλ°œν•˜κ³  λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ λ°œμ „ν•˜λŠ” 연ꡬ λΆ„μ•Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:19
Using microwaves instead of light,
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λΉ› λŒ€μ‹  마이크둜파λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬
06:22
this imaging method holds promises for whole body penetration in humans
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이 κΈ°μˆ μ€ μ•žμœΌλ‘œ μΈκ°„μ˜ λͺΈ 전체λ₯Ό
탐색할 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:27
in the future.
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06:29
We are hoping that the further advancement of this technology
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이 기술의 좔가적인 λ°œμ „μ΄
06:32
will aid early diagnosis of cancer and brain diseases,
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μ•”κ³Ό λ‡Œ μ§ˆν™˜μ˜ μ‘°κΈ° 진단을 돕기λ₯Ό,
06:36
ultimately benefiting global health.
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ꢁ극적으둜 세계 건강에 도움을 μ£ΌκΈ°λ₯Ό 바라고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:40
I hope you all can share my excitement over this fast-growing field
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λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ λ°œμ „ν•˜λŠ” 이 뢄야에 λŒ€ν•œ 관심에 κ³΅κ°ν•˜μ‹€ 수 있기λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:44
and hope you'll join us in advancing the technology.
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이 λ°œμ „ν•˜λŠ” κΈ°μˆ μ— μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ„ ν•¨κ»˜ν•˜μ‹œκΈΈ λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:48
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:50
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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