The biggest risks facing cities -- and some solutions | Robert Muggah

134,336 views ใƒป 2017-11-30

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Whayoung Cha ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
So, here's a prediction.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
00:15
If we get our cities right,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๊ฐ€๊พผ๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:17
we just might survive the 21st century.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 21์„ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ด์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
We get them wrong,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด
00:24
and we're done for.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋๋‚˜๊ณ  ๋ง๊ฒ ์ฃ .
00:26
Cities are the most extraordinary experiment in social engineering
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๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ณตํ•™์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
that we humans have ever come up with.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•ด์˜จ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:32
If you live in a city,
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๋„์‹œ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
00:33
and even if you live in a slum --
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์Šฌ๋Ÿผ๊ฐ€์— ์‚ด์ง€๋ผ๋„
00:35
which 20 percent of the world's urban population does --
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ 20 %์˜ ๋„์‹œ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์Šฌ๋Ÿผ๊ฐ€์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
00:38
you're likely to be healthier, wealthier, better educated
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๋„์‹œ์— ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋” ๋ถ€์œ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋” ๊ต์œก๋ฐ›๊ณ 
00:41
and live longer than your country cousins.
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์‹œ๊ณจ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ดŒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
There's a reason why three million people are moving to cities
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ 3๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
00:48
every single week.
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๋งค์ฃผ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
Cities are where the future happens first.
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๋„์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
00:53
They're open, they're creative, they're dynamic, they're democratic,
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๋„์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์—ญ๋™์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
they're cosmopolitan,
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๋„์‹œ๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ด๊ณ 
00:58
they're sexy.
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๋„๋ฐœ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
They're the perfect antidote to reactionary nationalism.
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๋„์‹œ๋Š” ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ํ•ด๋…์ œ์ฃ .
01:06
But cities have a dark side.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋„์‹œ์—๋„ ์–ด๋‘์šด ๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
They take up just three percent of the world's surface area,
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๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ฉด์ ์˜ ๋‹จ์ง€ 3%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•  ๋ฟ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
01:12
but they account for more than 75 percent of our energy consumption,
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์ „์ฒด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰์˜ 75% ์ด์ƒ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:15
and they emit 80 percent of our greenhouse gases.
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์ „์ฒด ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ 80%๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฟœ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
There are hundreds of thousands of people who die in our cities
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๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ๋งค๋…„ ํญ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃฝ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
01:24
every single year from violence,
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋งŒ ๋ช…์— ์ด๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
and millions more who are killed as a result of car accidents
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์ด ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์™€
01:29
and pollution.
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์˜ค์—ผ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
In Brazil, where I live,
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์ €๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
01:32
we've got 25 of the 50 most homicidal cities on the planet.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‚ด์ธ์ด ๋งŽ์€ 50๊ฐœ ๋„์‹œ ์ค‘ 25๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
And a quarter of our cities have chronic water shortages --
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๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์˜ 1/4์€ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ๋ถ€์กฑ์— ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
01:40
and this, in a country with 20 percent of the known water reserves.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ฌผ์˜ 20% ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
So cities are dual-edged.
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์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์–‘๋ฉด์ ์ธ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
Part of the problem is that,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
01:49
apart from a handful of megacities in the West and the Far East,
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์„œ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ทน๋™์˜ ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ ๋ช‡ ๊ณณ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š”
01:52
we don't know that much about the thousands of cities
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์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„์‹œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
in Africa, in Latin America, in Asia,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด, ๋ผํ‹ด์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด, ์•„์‹œ์•„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๋“ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:58
where 90 percent of all future population growth is set to take place.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ 90%๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
So why this knowledge gap?
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์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ง€์‹ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
02:05
Well, part of the problem
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๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
02:06
is that we still see the world through the lens of nation-states.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฏผ์กฑ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ผ๋Š” ๋ Œ์ฆˆ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
We're still locked in a 17th-century paradigm
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ 17์„ธ๊ธฐ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์— ๊ฐ‡ํ˜€์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
of parochial national sovereignty.
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์ง€์—ญ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ํ†ต์น˜์˜ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์ด์ฃ .
02:18
And yet, in the 1600's,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 1600๋…„๋Œ€
02:19
when nation-states were really coming into their own,
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๋ฏผ์กฑ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ธ์ •์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”
02:22
less than one percent of the world's population
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๋„์‹œ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€
02:24
resided in a city.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ 1% ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
Today, it's 54 percent.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋„์‹œ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” 54%์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
And by 2050, it will be closer to 70 percent.
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2050๋…„์ด ๋˜๋ฉด, ๊ทธ ์ˆซ์ž๋Š” 70%์— ์œก๋ฐ•ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
So the world has changed.
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์„ธ์ƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
We have these 193 nation-states,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ 193๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฏผ์กฑ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:38
but we have easily as many cities that are beginning to rival them
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ํž˜์ด๋‚˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฏผ์กฑ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋Šฅ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”
02:41
in power and influence.
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๋„์‹œ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋งˆ๋งŒํผ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
Just look at New York.
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๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋‰ด์š•์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์ฃ .
02:44
The Big Apple has 8.5 million people
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๋น…์• ํ”Œ ๋‰ด์š•์€ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ 850๋งŒ์ด๊ณ 
02:47
and an annual budget of 80 billion dollars.
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์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์€ 800์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ์ด๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
Its GDP is 1.5 trillion,
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GDP๋Š” 1.5์กฐ์— ๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
which puts it higher than Argentina and Australia,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋‰ด์š•์€ ์•„๋ฅดํ—จํ‹ฐ๋‚˜์™€ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ
02:57
Nigeria and South Africa.
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๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ๋‚จ์•„๊ณต๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
Its roughly 40,000 police officers
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๋‰ด์š• ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋žต 4๋งŒ ๋ช…์— ๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
03:02
means it has one of the largest police departments in the world,
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์ด ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์กฐ์ง์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
rivaling all but the largest nation-states.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ฏผ์กฑ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ํ•„์ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
But cities like New York
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‰ด์š•
03:11
or Sรฃo Paulo
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์ƒํŒŒ์šธ๋กœ
03:12
or Johannesburg
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์š”ํ•˜๋„ค์Šค๋ฒ„๊ทธ
03:14
or Dhaka
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๋‹ค์นด
03:15
or Shanghai --
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์ƒํ•˜์ด๊ฐ™์€ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์€
03:16
they're punching above their weight economically,
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๊ทœ๋ชจ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด
03:18
but below their weight politically.
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์ •์น˜์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ฃ .
03:21
And that's going to have to change.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
Cities are going to have to find their political voice
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:25
if we want to change things.
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๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
Now, I want to talk to you a little bit about the risks
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
03:31
that cities are facing --
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
some of the big mega-risks.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํฐ ์œ„๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ์š”.
03:33
I'm also going to talk to you briefly about some of the solutions.
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๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…๋„ ๊ฐ„๋žตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
I'm going to do this using a big data visualization
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
that was developed with Carnegie Mellon's CREATE Lab and my institute,
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์นด๋„ค๊ธฐ ๋ฉœ๋ก ์˜ CREATE ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์™€ ์ €ํฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ, ๊ทธ ์™ธ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด
03:42
along with many, many others.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ํ™”๋ฉด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
I want you to first imagine the world not as made up of nation-states,
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์šฐ์„  ์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฏผ์กฑ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ
03:47
but as made up of cities.
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๋„์‹œ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:50
What you see here is every single city
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ 25๋งŒ๋ช… ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์ธ
03:52
with a population of a quarter million people or more.
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
Now, without going into technical detail,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ์„ค๋ช…์€ ์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
the redder the circle, the more fragile that city is,
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์›์ด ๋นจ๊ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ทจ์•ฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
and the bluer the circle, the more resilient.
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์›์ด ํŒŒ๋ž„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋„์‹œ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
Fragility occurs when the social contract comes unstuck.
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์ทจ์•ฝ์„ฑ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ด ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œ ์งˆ ๋•Œ ์ผ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
And what we tend to see is a convergence of multiple kinds of risks:
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๊ทธ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
04:11
income inequality,
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์†Œ๋“ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ
04:12
poverty,
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๋นˆ๊ณค
04:14
youth unemployment,
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์ฒญ๋…„ ์‹ค์—…
04:15
different issues around violence,
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ํญ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค
04:17
even exposure to droughts, cyclones and earthquakes.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ฐ€๋ญ„๊ณผ ์—ด๋Œ€์„ฑ ํญํ’, ์ง€์ง„์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์ฃ .
04:22
Now obviously, some cities are more fragile than others.
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๋ถ„๋ช…, ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ทจ์•ฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
The good news, if there is any,
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๋‹คํ–‰์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€
04:29
is that fragility is not a permanent condition.
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์ทจ์•ฝ์„ฑ์ด ์˜์›ํžˆ ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
Some cities that were once the most fragile cities in the world,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ทจ์•ฝํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋„์‹œ
04:35
like Bogotรก in Colombia
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ฝœ๋กฌ๋น„์•„ ๋ณด๊ณ ํƒ€
04:36
or Ciudad Juรกrez in Mexico,
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๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ํ›„์•„๋ ˆ์ฆˆ๋Š”
04:38
have now fallen more around the national average.
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์ด์ œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ํ‰๊ท ์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
The bad news is that fragility is deepening,
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๋‚˜์œ ์†Œ์‹์€, ๊ทธ ์ทจ์•ฝ์„ฑ์ด ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ
04:44
especially in those parts of the world that are most vulnerable,
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ํŠนํžˆ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ณณ๋“ค์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
in North Africa, the Middle East,
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๋ถ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด, ์ค‘๋™
04:49
in South Asia and Central Asia.
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๋‚จ์•„์‹œ์•„์™€ ์ค‘์•™์•„์‹œ์•„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
04:51
There, we're seeing fragility rising way beyond scales we've ever seen before.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ์˜ ์ทจ์•ฝ์„ฑ์€ ์œ ๋ก€์—†๋Š” ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
When cities become too fragile they can collapse,
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๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ทจ์•ฝํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
tip over and fail.
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๋’ค์ง‘ํžˆ๊ณ  ์‹คํŒจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:01
And when that happens,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด
05:02
we have explosive forms of migration:
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ํญ๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ด์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
refugees.
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๋‚œ๋ฏผ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
05:07
There are more than 22 million refugees in the world today,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ 2์ฒœ2๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๋„˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
more than at any other time since the second world war.
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2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „ ์ดํ›„ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆซ์ž์ด์ฃ .
05:17
Now, there's not one refugee crisis;
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๋‚œ๋ฏผ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋งŒ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
there are multiple refugee crises.
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๋‚œ๋ฏผ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์ฃ .
05:21
And contrary to what you might read in the news,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋‰ด์Šค์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
05:24
the vast majority of refugees aren't fleeing from poor countries
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๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ
05:27
to wealthy countries,
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๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:28
they're moving from poor cities into even poorer cities --
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ๋” ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ
05:31
often, cities nearby.
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๋Œ€๊ฐœ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
Every single dot on this map represents an agonizing story
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์ด ์ง€๋„์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ ๋“ค์€ ํˆฌ์Ÿ๊ณผ ์ƒ์กด์˜ ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
of struggle and survival.
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05:40
But I want to briefly tell you about what's not on that map,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ง€๋„์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์งง๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๋ฐ์š”,
05:42
and that's internal displacement.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์  ์ด๋™(์ซ“๊ฒจ๋‚จ)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
There are more than 36 million people who have been internally displaced
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๋‚ด๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์ œ์ด๋™๋œ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ
05:48
around the world.
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3์ฒœ6๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๋„˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
These are people living in refugee-like conditions,
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๋‚œ๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์€
05:52
but lacking the equivalent international protection and assistance.
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๋‚œ๋ฏผ์ด ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ์  ๋ณดํ˜ธ์™€ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
And to understand their plight,
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์ด๋“ค์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
05:57
I want to zoom in briefly on Syria.
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์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ์ž ์‹œ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
Syria suffered one of the worst droughts in its history between 2007 and 2010.
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์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” 2007๋…„~2010๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ญ„์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
More than 75 percent of its agriculture and 85 percent of its livestock
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์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋†์—…์˜ 75% ์ด์ƒ, ๊ฐ€์ถ•์˜ 85% ์ด์ƒ์ด ์ „๋ฉธํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:10
were wiped out.
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06:11
And in the process, over a million people moved into cities
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์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
06:14
like Aleppo, Damascus and Homs.
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์•Œ๋ ˆํฌ, ๋‹ค๋งˆ์Šค์ฟ ์Šค, ํ™ˆ์Šค์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:17
As food prices began to rise,
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์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ๊ฐ’์ด ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
06:19
you also had equivalent levels of social unrest.
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๊ทธ์— ๋งž๋จน๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์ฃ .
06:23
And when the regime of President Assad began cracking down,
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์•„์‚ฌ๋“œ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ์ •๊ถŒ์ด ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
06:26
you had an explosion of refugees.
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๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํญ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
You also had over six million internally displaced people,
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๋™์‹œ์— 6๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:33
many of whom when on to become refugees.
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์ด ๋๊ณ ์š”.
06:35
And they didn't just move to neighboring countries like Jordan
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์š”๋ฅด๋‹จ, ๋ ˆ๋ฐ”๋…ผ, ํ„ฐํ‚ค๊ฐ™์€
06:39
or Lebanon or Turkey.
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์ด์›ƒ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์ด๋™ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:41
They also moved up north towards Western Europe.
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๋ถ์ชฝ์ธ ์„œ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด๋™ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
See, over 1.4 million Syrians made the perilous journey
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์ฒœ 4๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„์ธ๋“ค์ด
06:48
through the Mediterranean and up through Turkey
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์ง€์ค‘ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ํ„ฐํ‚ค๊นŒ์ง€ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์—ฌ์ •์„ ๊ฐ๋‚ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
to find their way into two countries, primarily:
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์ฃผ๋กœ ์ด ๋‘ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์˜€์ฃ .
06:53
Germany and Sweden.
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๋…์ผ๊ณผ ์Šค์›จ๋ด์ด์ฃ .
06:57
Now, climate change --
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
06:58
not just drought, but also sea level rise,
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๊ฐ€๋ญ„๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด์˜ ์ƒ์Šน์€
07:01
is probably one of the most severe existential threats
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๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์œ„ํ˜‘ ์ค‘์—์„œ
07:04
that cities face.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
That's because two-thirds of the world's cities are coastal.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋„์‹œ์˜ 2/3๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ˆ๊ฐ€์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
07:10
Over 1.5 billion people live in low-lying, flood-prone coastal areas.
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15์–ต ๋ช… ๋„˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ €์ง€๋Œ€์˜, ์นจ์ˆ˜๋˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ํ•ด์•ˆ๊ฐ€์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
What you see here is a map that shows sea level rise
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์ด ์ง€๋„๋Š” ์˜จ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ
07:18
in relation to changes in temperature.
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ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ƒ์Šน์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
Climate scientists predict that we're going to see
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๊ธฐํ›„ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ์•ˆ์—
07:24
anywhere between three and 30 feet of sea level rise
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ ์–ด๋””์„œ๋“  3์—์„œ 30 ํ”ผํŠธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜
07:26
this side of the century.
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ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ƒ์Šน์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ๊ฒฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
And it's not just low island nation-states that are going to suffer --
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์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ €์ง€๋Œ€ ์„ฌ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
Kiribati or the Maldives or the Solomons or Sri Lanka --
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ํ‚ค๋ฆฌ๋ฐ”ํ‹ฐ ํ˜น์€ ๋ชฐ๋””๋ธŒ, ๋˜๋Š” ์†”๋กœ๋ชฌ์ œ๋„, ์Šค๋ฆฌ๋ž‘์นด ๋“ฑ
07:35
and they will suffer,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„ฌ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๋„ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
07:36
but also massive cities like Dhaka,
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๋Œ€๋„์‹œ๋“ค, ์ด๋ฅผํ…Œ๋ฉด ๋‹ค์นด
07:39
like Hong Kong,
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ํ™์ฝฉ
07:40
like Shanghai.
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์ƒํ•˜์ด๋„ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
Cities of 10, 20, 30 million people or more
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์ธ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 1์ฒœ๋งŒ, 2์ฒœ๋งŒ, 3์ฒœ๋งŒ ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์€
07:45
are literally going to be wiped off the face of this earth.
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๋ง๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
They're going to have to adapt, or they're going to die.
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์ฃฝ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์€ ์ ์‘ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
I want to take you also all the way over to the West,
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์ด์ œ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ์„œ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
07:55
because this isn't just a problem in Asia or Africa or Latin America,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์•„์‹œ์•„๋‚˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด, ๋‚จ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
07:58
this is a problem also in the West.
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์„œ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
This is Miami.
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๋งˆ์ด์• ๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
Many of you know Miami is one of the wealthiest cities
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๋งˆ์ด์• ๋ฏธ๋Š”
08:04
in the United States;
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
08:05
it's also one of the most flood-prone.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์นจ์ˆ˜ ์ง€์—ญ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
That's been made painfully evident by natural disasters throughout 2017.
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2017๋…„ ์ž์—ฐ์žฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋ผˆ์•„ํ”„๊ฒŒ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ด์กŒ์ฃ .
08:10
But Miami is built on porous limestone -- a swamp.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งˆ์ด์• ๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์„ํšŒ์„์ธ ๋Šช์ง€๋Œ€ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ธ์›Œ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
There's no way any kind of flood barrier
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๋ฌผ์ด ์นจํˆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰์•„์ค„
08:15
is going to keep the water from seeping in.
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ํ™์ˆ˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒฝ์€ ์–ด๋””์—๋„ ์—†์ฃ .
08:17
As we scroll back,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์คŒ์•„์›ƒํ•ด์„œ
08:18
and we look across the Caribbean and along the Gulf,
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์นด๋ฆฌ๋ธŒํ•ด์™€ ๊ฑธํ”„๋งŒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด
08:21
we begin to realize
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
that those cities that have suffered worst from natural crises --
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์ž์—ฐ์žฌํ•ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…์—ˆ๋˜ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค,
08:25
Port-au-Prince, New Orleans, Houston --
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ํฌ๋ฅดํ† ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค, ๋‰ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ์–ธ์ฆˆ, ํœด์Šคํ†ค์—๊ฒŒ
08:28
as severe and as awful as those situations have been,
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๊ทธ ํ˜น๋…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋”์ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ž์—ฐ์žฌํ•ด๊ฐ€
08:31
they're a dress rehearsal for what's to come.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ฅ์น  ์ผ์˜ ์ด์—ฐ์Šต์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„์š”.
08:34
No city is an island.
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์„ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋œ ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
Every city is connected to its rural hinterland
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ๋†์ดŒ ๋ฐฐํ›„์ง€์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ผ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
in complex ways --
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:40
often, in relation to the production of food.
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๋Œ€๊ฐœ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ผ ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:42
I want to take you to the northern part of the Amazon, in Rondรดnia.
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๋ก ๋„๋‹ˆ์•„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ์กด ๋ถ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
08:46
This is one of the world's largest terrestrial carbon sinks,
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์ด๊ณณ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ํƒ„์†Œ ํก์ˆ˜์› ํ† ์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
processing millions of carbon every single year.
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๋งค๋…„ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์ฃ .
08:51
What you see here is a single road over a 30-year period.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ 30๋…„์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๊ธธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
On either side you see land being cleared for pasture, for cattle,
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์–‘์ชฝ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋•…์ด ๊ฐ€์ถ•์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ดˆ์ง€๋กœ, ์ฝฉ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„คํƒ• ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
08:58
but also for soy and sugar production.
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์ •๋ฆฌ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
You're seeing deforestation on a massive scale.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ์‚ผ๋ฆผ์ด ํ™ฉํํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
The red area here implies a net loss of forest over the last 14 years.
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๋ถ‰์€ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ์ง€๋‚œ 14๋…„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆœ ์‚ผ๋ฆผ์†์‹ค์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
The blue, if you could see it -- there's not much --
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๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†์–ด์„œ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์ด์‹ค์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋Š”๋ฐ
ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ์ƒ‰ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์‚ผ๋ฆผ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
implies there's been an incremental gain.
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09:15
Now, as grim and gloomy as the situation is -- and it is --
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์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์•”์šธํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ์šธํ•œ๋งŒํผ
09:19
there is a little bit of hope.
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์ž‘์€ ํฌ๋ง๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
See, the Brazilian government,
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๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
09:22
from the national to the state to the municipal level,
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ฃผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„์‹œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊นŒ์ง€
09:25
has also introduced a whole range -- a lattice -- of parks and protected areas.
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๊ณต์›๊ณผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ตฌ์—ญ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
And while not perfect, and not always limiting encroachment,
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์ด ๊ตฌ์—ญ์€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜์ง€๋„, ํ•ญ์ƒ ์นจ์‹์„ ๋ฐฉ์–ดํ•ด์ฃผ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
09:32
they have served to tamp back deforestation.
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์‚ฌ๋ง‰ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
The same applies not just in Brazil but all across the Americas,
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๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด ๋Œ€๋ฅ™
09:39
into the United States, Canada and around the world.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
So let's talk about solutions.
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์ด์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
09:44
Despite climate denial at the highest levels,
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๊ณ ์œ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
09:48
cities are taking action.
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๋„์‹œ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
You know, when the US pulled out of the Paris Climate Agreement,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐํ›„ํ˜‘์•ฝ์„ ํƒˆํ‡ดํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
09:53
hundreds of cities in the United States and thousands more around the world
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‚ด ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋„์‹œ, ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๊ฐœ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€
09:57
doubled down on their climate commitments.
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋”์šฑ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
10:06
And when the White House cracked down on so-called "undocumented migrants"
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๋ฐฑ์•…๊ด€์ด ๋ถˆ์ฒด์ž๋ณดํ˜ธ๋„์‹œ์˜
10:11
in sanctuary cities,
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์†Œ์œ„ '๋ฏธ๋“ฑ๋ก ์ด๋ฏผ์ž'๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์†ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
10:12
hundreds of cities and counties and states sat up in defiance
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ฐœ ๋„์‹œ์™€ ์ž์น˜์ฃผ, ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„ฐ๊ณ 
10:15
and refused to enact that order.
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๋ช…๋ น ์ œ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
10:22
So cities are and can take action.
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๋„์‹œ๋“ค์€ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
But we're going to need to see a lot more of it,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
especially in the global south.
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ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐœ๋„๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
10:30
You see, parts of Africa and Latin America are urbanizing
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์™€ ๋ผํ‹ด์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š”
10:34
before they industrialize.
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์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋„ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋„์‹œํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
They're growing at three times the global average
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์ธ๊ตฌ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ํ‰๊ท ์— ๋น„ํ•ด
10:38
in terms their population.
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3๋ฐฐ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ค‘์ด์ฃ .
10:40
And this is putting enormous strain on infrastructure and services.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธํ”„๋ผ์™€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ค‘์••๊ฐ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
Now, there is a golden opportunity.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ ˆํ˜ธ์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
It's a small opportunity but a golden one: in the next 10 to 20 years,
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์ž‘์€ ๊ธฐํšŒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ ˆํ˜ธ์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ์ด์ฃ . ์•ž์œผ๋กœ 10๋…„์—์„œ 20๋…„ ์•ˆ์—
10:51
to really start designing in principles of resilience into our cities.
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ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์›์น™์œผ๋กœ ๋„์‹œ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
There's not one single way of doing this,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
but there are a number of ways that are emerging.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
And I've spoken with hundreds of urban planners,
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์ €๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฑ๋ช…์˜ ๋„์‹œ ๊ณ„ํš๊ฐ€
11:02
development specialists,
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€
11:04
architects and civic activists,
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๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ๋ฏผ ํ™œ๋™๊ฐ€์™€ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ๋ดค๊ณ 
11:06
and a number of recurring principles keep coming out.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ์›์น™์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
I just want to pass on six.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ 6๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
First: cities need a plan
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ ,
11:15
and a strategy to implement it.
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๊ณ„ํš์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•  ์ „๋žต์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
I mean, it sounds crazy,
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์ด๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
but the vast majority of world cities don't actually have a plan
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ„ํš์ด๋‚˜ ๋น„์ „์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
or a vision.
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11:22
They're too busy putting out daily fires to think ahead strategically.
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์ด ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์ผ ๋ถˆ๊ฝƒ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฟœ๊ณ  ์ „๋žต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ž๋‚ ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
I mean, every city wants to be creative,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ด๊ณ 
11:27
happy, liveable, resilient --
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ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ด๊ธฐ ์ข‹๊ณ  ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์ด ์ข‹๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
who doesn't?
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์–ด๋””๋“  ์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:31
The challenge is, how do you get there?
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๊ณผ์ œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š๋ƒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
And urban governance plays a key role.
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๋„์‹œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
You could do worse than take a page from the book of Singapore.
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์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—์„œ ํ•œ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
In 1971, Singapore set a 50-year urban strategy
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1971๋…„, ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด๋Š” 50๊ฐœ๋…„์˜ ๋„์‹œ ์ „๋žต์„ ์ƒˆ์šฐ๊ณ 
11:42
and renews it every five years.
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5๋…„๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐœ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
What Singapore teaches us is not just the importance of continuity,
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์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ์˜์†์„ฑ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
11:48
but also the critical role of autonomy and discretion.
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์ž์น˜๊ถŒ๊ณผ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰๊ถŒ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
Cities need the power to be able to issue debt,
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๋„์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ 
11:55
to raise taxes,
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์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
11:57
to zone effectively,
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ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋•…์„ ๊ตฌํšํ•˜๊ณ 
11:58
to build affordable housing.
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์•Œ๋งž์€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šธ ํž˜์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
What cities need is nothing less than a devolution revolution,
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๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ค‘์•™์—์„œ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ ์ด๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
and this is going to require renegotiating the terms of the contract
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์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€์˜ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์œ ํšจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„
12:08
with a nation-state.
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์žฌ์กฐ์ •ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
Second:
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๋‘˜์งธ
12:12
you've got to go green.
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๋…น์ƒ‰ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
Cities are already leading global decarbonization efforts.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ํƒˆํƒ„์†Œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์„ ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
They're investing in congestion pricing schemes,
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ํ˜ผ์žกํ†ตํ–‰๋ฃŒ ์ œ๋„
12:19
in climate reduction emission targets,
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๋ชฉํ‘œ
12:21
in biodiversity, in parks and bikeways and walkways
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์ƒ๋ฌผ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ, ๊ณต์›๊ณผ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋„๋กœ, ์ธ๋„
12:25
and everything in between.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
There's an extraordinary menu of options they have to choose from.
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๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์˜ต์…˜ ๋ฉ”๋‰ด๋Š” ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
One of the great things is,
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
12:31
cities are already investing heavily in renewables -- in solar and wind --
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๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–‘์—ด, ํ’๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ ์žฌ์ƒ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์— ์ด๋ฏธ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:34
not just in North America, but especially in Western Europe and parts of Asia.
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๋ถ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์„œ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
There are more than 8,000 cities right now in the world today
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ํƒœ์–‘์—ด ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ 8,000๊ณณ์ด ๋„˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
with solar plants.
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12:42
There are 300 cities that have declared complete energy autonomy.
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์™„์ „ํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ž์น˜๊ถŒ์„ ์„ ํฌํ•œ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ 300 ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:46
One of my favorite stories comes from Medellรญn,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฝœ๋กฌ๋น„์•„ ๋ฉ”๋ฐ์ง„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
which invested in a municipal hydroelectric plant,
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๋„์‹œ์ˆ˜๋ ฅ์ „๊ธฐ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ์— ํˆฌ์žํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
12:52
which doesn't only service its local needs,
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์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
12:54
but allows the city to sell excess energy back onto the national grid.
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๋‚จ๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์†ก์ „์„ ๋ง์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
And it's not alone.
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๋ฉ”๋ฐ์ง„๋งŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
There are a thousand other cities just like it.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒœ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
Third: invest in integrated and multi-use solutions.
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์…‹์งธ, ๋‹ค๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์  ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋ผ.
13:06
The most successful cities are those that are going to invest in solutions
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋งŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ,
13:10
that don't solve just one problem, but that solve multiple problems.
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๋ณต์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:13
Take the case of integrated public transport.
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ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋œ ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
13:17
When done well --
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๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ž˜๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
13:19
rapid bus transit,
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๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ฒ„์Šค ํ™˜์Šน
13:20
light rail,
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์ „๊ธฐ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ „์ฒ 
13:21
bikeways, walkways, boatways --
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์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ๋„๋กœ, ์ธ๋„, ๋ฑƒ๊ธธ
13:24
these can dramatically reduce emissions and congestion.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ณผ ํ˜ผ์žก์„ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
But they can do a lot more than that.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:30
They can improve public health.
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๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
13:31
They can reduce dispersion.
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์ธ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:33
They can even increase safety.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์•ˆ์ „์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
A great example of this comes from Seoul.
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์ด ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์„œ์šธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
You see, Seoul's population doubled over the last 30 years,
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์„œ์šธ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 30๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
but the footprint barely changed.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐœ์ž๊ตญ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:44
How?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์ผ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
13:45
Well, 75 percent of Seoul's residents get to work
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75%์˜ ์„œ์šธ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž๋“ค์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ
13:48
using what's been described as
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋œ ๊ตํ†ตํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ์ถœ๊ทผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:50
one of the most extraordinary public transport systems
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13:52
in the world.
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13:53
And Seoul used to be car country.
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์„œ์šธ์€ ํ•œ ๋•Œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋„์‹œ์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:56
Next, fourth:
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š”
13:59
build densely but also sustainably.
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์ด˜์ด˜ํ•˜๋˜, ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:03
The death of all cities is the sprawl.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋„์‹œ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ฑด ์Šคํ”„๋กค ํ˜„์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:06
Cities need to know how to build resiliently,
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๋„์‹œ๋Š” ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:08
but also in a way that's inclusive.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ํฌ๊ด„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด์„คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:11
This is a picture right here of Dallas-Fort Worth.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œˆ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํฌํŠธ์›Œ์Šค์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:14
And what you see is its population also doubled over the last 30 years.
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์ด ๊ณณ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋„ ์ง€๋‚œ 30๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ์ฃ .
14:19
But as you can see, it spread into edge cities and suburbia
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ณ€๋„์‹œ์™€ ๊ต์™ธ ์ฃผํƒ์ง€๊นŒ์ง€
14:22
as far as the eye can see.
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๋์—†์ด ํ™•์žฅ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:25
Cities need to know when not to build,
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๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ• ์ง€๋„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:27
so as not to reproduce urban sprawl
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์Šคํ”„๋กค๊ณผ ์Šฌ๋Ÿผ ํ˜„์ƒ์„
14:29
and slums of downward accountability.
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์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
14:32
The problem with Dallas-Forth Worth is
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872377
1960
๋Œˆ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํฌํŠธ์›Œ์Šค์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
14:34
just five percent of its residents get to work using public transport -- five.
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๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž์˜ 5%๋งŒ์ด ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ถœ๊ทผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒจ์šฐ 5%๋งŒ์š”.
14:39
Ninety-five percent use cars,
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95%์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:40
which partly explains why it's got some of the longest commuting times
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์™œ ์ด ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ์ถœ๊ทผ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
14:44
in North America.
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๊ณณ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์ฃผ์ฃ .
14:45
Singapore, by contrast, got it right.
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2065
๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:47
They built vertically
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์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ง์ ์ธ ๊ฑด์„ค์„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
14:48
and built in affordable housing to boot.
321
888668
1963
ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ์ฃผํƒ์„ ์„ธ์› ์ฃ .
14:51
Fifth: steal.
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๋‹ค์„ฏ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” "ํ›”์ณ๋ผ"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:54
The smartest cities are nicking, pilfering, stealing,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํ•œ ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์™ผ์ชฝ, ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ, ์ค‘์•™ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์—†์ด
14:57
left, right and center.
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์Šฌ์ฉํ•˜๊ณ , ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๋นผ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ›”์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:58
They don't have time to waste.
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์Šค๋งˆํŠธํ•œ ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ๋‚ญ๋น„ํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:00
They need tomorrow's technology today,
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900320
1983
๋‚ด์ผ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
and they're going to leapfrog to get there.
327
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2005
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋“ฑ ์งš๊ณ  ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:04
This is New York,
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๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‰ด์š•์ด์ฃ .
15:05
but it's not just New York that's doing a lot of stealing,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ›”์น˜๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‹œ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด ๋‰ด์š•๋งŒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:08
it's Singapore, it's Seoul, it's Medellรญn.
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์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ , ์„œ์šธ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ , ๋ฉ”๋ฐ์ง„๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:10
The urban renaissance is only going to be enabled
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๋„์‹œ ๋ฅด๋„ค์ƒ์Šค๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งŒ์ด
15:12
when cities start borrowing from one another.
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์‹คํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:15
And finally: work in global coalitions.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, "๊ตญ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐํ•ฉํ•ด์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋ผ"๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:18
You know, there are more than 200 inner-city coalitions in the world today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ 200๊ฐœ์˜ ๋นˆ๋ฏผ์ง€์—ญ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:21
There are more city coalitions
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋„์‹œ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์ฒด๋Š”
15:23
than there are coalitions for nation-states.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์ฒด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:26
Just take a look at the Global Parliament of Mayors,
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'์‹œ์žฅ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์˜ํšŒ'๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์ฃ .
15:28
set up by the late Ben Barber,
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๊ณ (ๆ•…) ๋ฒค ๋ฐ”๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•œ ๋‹จ์ฒด์ธ๋ฐ
15:30
who was driving an urban rights movement.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ ์ฃผ๊ถŒ ์šด๋™์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
15:32
Or consider the C40,
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C40๋„ ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:33
a marvelous network of cities that has gathered thousands together
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๋„์‹œ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋กœ, ์ฒญ์ • ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ „๋‹ฌ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
15:37
to deliver clean energy.
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์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์ด ์—ฐํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:39
Or look at the World Economic Forum,
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์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฒฝ์ œํฌ๋Ÿผ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:40
which is developing smart city protocols.
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940879
1997
์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์‹œํ‹ฐ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
15:42
Or the 100 Resilient Cities initiative,
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'100 ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ ๋„์‹œ ์ด๋‹ˆ์…”ํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ'๋„ ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:44
which is leading a resilience revival.
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2003
ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ ์žฌ๊ฑด์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ฒด์ด์ฃ .
15:47
ICLEI, UCLG, Metropolis --
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ICLEI, UCLG, ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋กœํด๋ฆฌ์Šค
15:51
these are the movements of the future.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์šด๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:54
What they all realize is that when cities work together,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•  ๋•Œ
15:56
they can amplify their voice,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:59
not just on the national stage, but on the global stage.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๋ฌด๋Œ€์—์„œ ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ๋ฌด๋Œ€์—์„œ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:02
And with a voice comes, potentially, a vote --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ, ์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌํ‘œ๋„
16:05
and then maybe even a veto.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€๊ถŒ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:09
When nation-states default on their national sovereignty,
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ†ต์น˜๊ถŒ์„ ์ดํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ
16:12
cities have to step up.
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๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์•ž์žฅ์„œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:14
They can't wait.
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๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:15
And they don't need to ask for permission.
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๋„์‹œ๋Š” ํ—ˆ๋ฝ์„ ๊ตฌํ•  ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:17
They can exert their own sovereignty.
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๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ†ต์น˜๊ถŒ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
16:21
They understand that the local and the global
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๋„์‹œ๋Š” ๋กœ์ปฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด
16:23
have really, truly come together,
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์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ถ™์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„
16:24
that we live in a global, local world,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒํ•˜๊ณ ๋„ ๋กœ์ปฌํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„
16:26
and we need to adjust our politics accordingly.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ทธ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ •ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:29
As I travel around the world and meet mayors and civic leaders,
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์ €๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉด์„œ ์‹œ์žฅ๋“ค๊ณผ ์‹œ์ •ํ™œ๋™ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š”๋ฐ
16:32
I'm amazed by the energy, enthusiasm and effectiveness
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ผ์— ์Ÿ๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ์—ด์ •, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์— ๋†€๋ผ๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:35
they bring to their work.
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16:37
They're pragmatists.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์šฉ์ฃผ์ด์ž์ด๊ณ ,
16:39
They're problem-solvers.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ฉฐ
16:40
They're para-diplomats.
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์ค€ ์™ธ๊ต๊ด€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:43
And in this moment of extraordinary international uncertainty,
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ด ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—
16:47
when our multilateral institutions are paralyzed
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๋‹ค์ž๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ
16:49
and our nation-states are in retreat,
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๋ฏผ์กฑ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ํ›„ํ‡ด ์ค‘์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ
16:51
cities and their leaders are our new 21st-century visionaries.
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๋„์‹œ์™€ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ด๋„๋Š” ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์€ 21์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ ์ง€์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:57
They deserve -- no, they have a right to -- a seat at the table.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์— ์•‰์„ ์ž๊ฒฉ์ด, ์•„๋‹ˆ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:01
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:03
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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