SpaceX's Supersized Starship Rocket and the Future of Galactic Exploration | Jennifer Heldmann | TED

432,139 views

2022-06-24 ・ TED


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SpaceX's Supersized Starship Rocket and the Future of Galactic Exploration | Jennifer Heldmann | TED

432,139 views ・ 2022-06-24

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Seohee Kim κ²€ν† : μ„±μ€€ μ•ˆ
00:04
Well, thank you all so much for being here today,
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였늘 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 와 μ£Όμ…”μ„œ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:07
because I am super excited to tell you
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인λ₯˜μ˜ 우주 탐사에 큰 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μ•žλ‘κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ†Œμ‹μ„
00:10
that we are about to explore space in a big way.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ³Ό λ‚˜λˆ„κ²Œ λ˜μ–΄ λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜ κΈ°μ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:14
And the future of space exploration is like nothing we’ve ever seen before,
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μ•žμœΌλ‘œμ˜ 우주 탐사 방법은 μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€μ™€ 차원이 λ‹€λ₯Ό κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
and the future is one we can hardly even imagine.
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상상쑰차 λͺ» ν•  κ±°μ—μš”.
00:23
Well, why is that?
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μ™œ κ·ΈλŸ΄κΉŒμš”?
00:24
We’ve been exploring space since the 1950s,
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인λ₯˜λŠ” 1950λ…„λŒ€λΆ€ν„° 우주 탐사λ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
00:27
so what’s different now?
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뭐가 λ‹¬λΌμ‘Œμ„κΉŒμš”?
00:30
Well, for the first time ever,
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역사상 졜초둜 μ΄ˆκ±°λŒ€ λ‘œμΌ“μ„
00:31
we are going to be using supersized spacecraft
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00:34
for our journey into the solar system.
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νƒœμ–‘κ³„ 탐사에 ν™œμš©ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:37
This is the Starship vehicle
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슀페이슀Xμ—μ„œ 개발 쀑인 μŠ€νƒ€μ‹­ λ‘œμΌ“μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:39
that’s being developed by the company SpaceX.
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00:41
This vehicle will be able to launch more mass --
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적재 μ€‘λŸ‰μ΄ 크게 λŠ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©°
00:44
or payload --
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00:45
have more power
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엔진 좜λ ₯도 더 κ°•λ ₯ν•˜κ³ 
00:47
and be able to launch over and over and over again,
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κΈ°μ‘΄ λ‘œμΌ“κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ
00:50
more than any spacecraft ever designed or built, ever.
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μ—¬λŸ¬ 번 μž¬μ‚¬μš© ν•  수 있죠.
00:55
So the Starship and its Super Heavy booster
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μŠ€νƒ€μ‹­ λ‘œμΌ“κ³Ό λ‘œμΌ“μ— 달린 슈퍼 ν—€λΉ„ λΆ€μŠ€ν„°λŠ”
00:58
are a fully reusable transportation system.
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μ „λΆ€ μž¬μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μˆ˜μ†‘ μ²΄κ³„μ˜ˆμš”.
01:01
So that means that you don’t have to build a new vehicle
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덕뢄에 λ‘œμΌ“μ„ 쏠 λ•Œλ§ˆλ‹€
맀번 μƒˆλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€ ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†μ£ .
01:04
every time you want to fly.
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01:06
And so what that does is that reduces the cost of each flight
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그러면 λΉ„μš©μ΄ 쀄어 더 μ—¬λŸ¬ 번 λ°œμ‚¬ν•  수 있죠.
01:10
and it lets you have more flights.
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01:13
Now historically, rockets have been used once, and then that’s it.
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ λ‘œμΌ“μ€ 일회용일 λΏμ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
01:17
But if you think about it,
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
01:19
would you ever build an airplane,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆλ‹€λ©΄
01:21
fly it once
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λ”± ν•œ 번 μš΄ν•­ν•˜κ³  λ°”λ‘œ 폐기할 κ±΄κ°€μš”?
01:22
and then throw it away?
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01:24
Like, no, that’s ridiculous,
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그건 μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
01:25
because the cost of each flight would be way too high,
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그러면 λΉ„μš©μ΄ λ„ˆλ¬΄ λΉ„μ‹Έμ§ˆ ν…Œκ³ 
01:28
and you wouldn’t have very many flights, right?
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λ„μš°λŠ” νšŸμˆ˜λ„ 쀄어듀겠죠?
01:32
So let’s put this in perspective a little bit.
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ν•œλ²ˆ μƒκ°ν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
01:34
So think about the last rover that we just sent to Mars.
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μ΅œκ·Όμ— λ³΄λƒˆλ˜ β€˜νΌμ„œλΉ„μ–΄λŸ°μŠ€β€™ ν™”μ„± νƒμ‚¬μ°¨λŠ”
01:37
It is an amazing mission;
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λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμ˜€μœΌλ©°
01:39
it’s still on Mars collecting great data.
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μ§€κΈˆλ„ ν™”μ„±μ—μ„œ 정보λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ§‘ν•˜κ³  있죠.
01:41
So the launch cost for that mission was 243 million dollars.
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νΌμ„œλΉ„μ–΄λŸ°μŠ€μ˜ λ°œμ‚¬ λΉ„μš©μ€ 2μ–΅ 4300만 λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
So that works out to be about 100,000 dollars per pound
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화성에 탐사차λ₯Ό λ³΄λ‚΄λŠ” 데
1kgλ‹Ή μ•½ 22만 λ‹¬λŸ¬κ°€ λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:50
to launch that rover to Mars.
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01:52
And that’s where we are today.
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ν˜„μž¬λ‘œμ„  μ΄λ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:54
So SpaceX is aiming to have a launch cost for Starship
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 슀페이슀Xμ—μ„œλŠ” μŠ€νƒ€μ‹­ λ‘œμΌ“ λ°œμ‚¬ λΉ„μš©μ„
01:57
on the order of a couple million dollars.
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μ•½ 2백만 λ‹¬λŸ¬λ‘œ μ ˆκ°ν•˜λŠ” 것이 λͺ©ν‘œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
And so that means that you could launch that same Mars rover
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같은 ν™”μ„± 탐사차λ₯Ό
02:03
for about 900 dollars per pound.
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1kgλ‹Ή μ•½ 2천 λ‹¬λŸ¬μ— λ°œμ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
02:06
So that’s 100,000 dollars versus 900 dollars.
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22만 λ‹¬λŸ¬μ™€ 2천 λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ˆμš”.
02:11
That’s a huge difference.
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차이가 μ—„μ²­λ‚˜μ£ .
02:13
And actually, it's probably cheaper than that
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사싀 2천 λ‹¬λŸ¬λ„ μ•ˆ λ“€ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
02:15
because you could fit like 100 of those Mars rovers inside one Starship
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μŠ€νƒ€μ‹­ λ‘œμΌ“μ€ 탐사차λ₯Ό 100개 정도
싀을 수 μžˆμ„ μ •λ„λ‘œ 크기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:20
because it’s just that big.
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02:21
It’s really incredible.
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정말이지 μ—„μ²­λ‚˜μ£ .
02:24
And it’s not just SpaceX.
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슀페이슀X뿐만이 μ•„λ…œμš”.
02:25
There are multiple commercial companies building new rockets now
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μ—¬λŸ¬ νšŒμ‚¬μ—μ„œ λ‘œμΌ“μ„ 각기 λ‹€λ₯Έ 크기에
02:29
of all different sizes,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ μƒˆλ‘­κ²Œ κ°œλ°œν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
02:31
for all different purposes.
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02:32
And this is great because this is really helping to open up space to more people.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ„ 우주λ₯Ό μ‰½κ²Œ μ ‘ν•  수 μžˆμœΌλ‹ˆ 쒋은 λ°©ν–₯이죠.
02:37
So here’s an image of some of the current rockets
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ν•΄λ‹Ή μžλ£ŒλŠ” κΈ°μ‘΄ λ‘œμΌ“κ³Ό
02:40
compared to NASA’s mighty Saturn V rocket.
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λ‚˜μ‚¬μ˜ μƒˆν„΄ 5호λ₯Ό λΉ„κ΅ν•œ μžλ£Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
So the Saturn V is the rocket that launched astronauts to the Moon
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μƒˆν„΄ 5ν˜ΈλŠ” 60, 70λ…„λŒ€μ— 달 탐사에 썼던 λ‘œμΌ“μœΌλ‘œ
02:47
in the ’60s and ’70s.
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02:49
The last Saturn V launched in 1973.
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1973년에 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ λ°œμ‚¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:54
And full disclosure,
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사싀 μ „ κ·Έλ•Œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€λ„ μ•Šμ•˜μ§€λ§Œ
02:55
I was not even born yet,
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02:56
so I think this is incredibly unfair
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아직도 μƒˆν„΄ 5ν˜Έλ³΄λ‹€ λ›°μ–΄λ‚œ λ‘œμΌ“μ„ 발λͺ… λͺ»ν–ˆλ‹€λ‹ˆ 말도 μ•ˆ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
because there has never been a rocket more powerful since.
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03:03
So I just have to emphasize
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μ œκ°€ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κ³  싢은 건
03:05
that the changes we’re talking about today,
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  ν”νžˆ λ§ν•˜λŠ” λ³€ν™”λž€
03:07
these are not incremental, small advances in rocketry and spacecraft.
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μ‘°κΈˆμ”© λ°œμ „ν•˜λŠ” 우주 탐사 κΈ°μˆ κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
These are truly transformational technologies
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μ™„μ „νžˆ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κ°€λŠ₯성을 μ—΄κ³ 
03:14
that are giving us completely new capabilities
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우주 νƒμ‚¬μ˜ κ°œλ…μ„ λ°”κΏ€
03:17
and changing the paradigm for space exploration.
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획기적인 κΈ°μˆ μ΄μ•Όλ§λ‘œ 변화라고 ν•  수 있죠.
03:21
And what’s really going to happen
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μ•žμœΌλ‘œ λ§ˆμ£Όν•  변화와 ν•¨κ»˜ 인λ₯˜λŠ” ν•œκ³„λ₯Ό λ›°μ–΄λ„˜μ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
is we’re going to move from where we are today,
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03:24
which is usually, you know,
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μ•žμœΌλ‘œ νŠΉμ • λͺ©μ μΈ λ‘œμΌ“μ„
03:26
more specialized, one-off, boutique-style missions
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λΉ„μ‹Ό λΉ„μš©μ„ λ“€μ—¬ κ°œλ°œν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ 
03:30
into more mass-produced, large-scale operations in space.
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λ‹€λͺ©μ  λ‘œμΌ“μ„ λŒ€λŸ‰μƒμ‚° ν•˜κ²Œ 될 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:35
And the reason is because we are being largely freed
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μ§€λ‚œ μˆ˜μ‹­λ…„κ°„ κΈ°μ‘΄ ν•­κ³΅μš°μ£Ό μ‚°μ—…μ˜
03:39
of these traditional, very severe mass and cost restraints
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큰 λ¬Έμ œμ˜€λ˜ λ¬΄κ²Œμ™€ λΉ„μš© 문제λ₯Ό
03:43
that we’ve been working under in the aerospace industry for decades.
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ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 있게 된 λ•λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:48
Now there is one vehicle that’s really forced us
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이런 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό 거쳐
우주 탐사와 λ‘œμΌ“ κ³΅ν•™μ˜ κ°œλ…μ„ λ°”κΎΌ 것이
03:51
to change the conversation regarding space exploration
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03:54
and space architectures,
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03:56
and that is the Starship.
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λ°”λ‘œ μŠ€νƒ€μ‹­ λ‘œμΌ“μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:58
That entire system is designed
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μŠ€νƒ€μ‹­ λ‘œμΌ“μ˜ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ€ μƒˆν„΄ 5ν˜Έλ³΄λ‹€ 훨씬 λ›°μ–΄λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
to be even more powerful than the Saturn V.
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04:03
And the Starship vehicle itself
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μŠ€νƒ€μ‹­ λ‘œμΌ“μ΄λΌλ©΄
04:06
will be able to launch over 100 metric tons of payload
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100톀이 λ„˜λŠ” μ μž¬λ¬Όμ„ μ‹£κ³ 
지ꡬ κΆ€λ„λŠ” λ¬Όλ‘ 
04:10
to Earth orbit,
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04:11
to the surface of the Moon,
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λ‹¬μ΄λ‚˜ 화성에 λ„λ‹¬ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
04:12
to the surface of Mars
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04:14
and even beyond.
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더 멀리도 갈 수 있죠.
04:16
Like, 100 metric tons of payload.
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100ν†€μ΄λ‚˜ 싀을 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
04:18
Like, that’s crazy.
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μ‹€λ‘œ μ—„μ²­λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
That is a crazy number
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μ–Όλ§ˆ μ „λ§Œ ν•˜λ”λΌλ„ 생각쑰차 λͺ» ν•  숫자죠.
04:21
that we would never have been discussing a while ago
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04:24
because in spaceflight,
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우주 탐사λ₯Ό μ€€λΉ„ν•  λ•ŒλŠ” 무게λ₯Ό μ€„μ΄λ €κ³ λ§Œ ν–ˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
04:25
we are always trying to reduce mass, right?
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04:27
Miniaturize your components,
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λ¬΄κ²Œμ™€ λΉ„μš© 문제 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λΆ€ν’ˆ 크기λ₯Ό μ΅œμ†Œν™”ν•˜κ³ 
04:29
have your instruments be as lightweight as possible
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04:31
because of the mass and cost constraints.
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μž₯λΉ„μ˜ 무게λ₯Ό κ²½λŸ‰ν™”ν•˜λ € ν–ˆμ£ .
04:34
And so now we actually have the opposite problem
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ§€κΈˆμ€ λ°˜λŒ€κ°€ λΌλ²„λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
where we have to figure out, like --
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μ§€κΈˆ κ³ λ―Όκ±°λ¦¬λŠ” μ΄κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
04:39
how are we going to fill 100 metric tons of payload?
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β€œμ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 100톀을 μ±„μš°μ§€?”
04:43
Like, seriously, like, what are we going to fly?
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뭘 μ‹€μ–΄ 보내야 ν• κΉŒμš”?
04:46
So this is a great place to be,
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ν–‰λ³΅ν•œ 고민을 ν•  λ‹¨κ³„κΉŒμ§€ μ™”μ–΄μš”.
04:47
and it’s a great problem to have.
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04:50
How can you actually fly such a ridiculous amount of payload into the solar system?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§Žμ€ μ μž¬λ¬Όμ„ νƒœμ–‘κ³„λ‘œ 보낼 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
04:56
Well, Starship will conveniently refill its propellant tanks in space
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메탄과 μ‚°μ†Œ μ—°λ£Œλ₯Ό 우주 κ³΅κ°„μ—μ„œ
κ°„λ‹¨νžˆ 보좩할 수 μžˆλŠ” λ•λΆ„μ΄μ—μš”.
05:01
with methane and oxygen.
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05:04
So the way that this works is you launch your first Starship, right?
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μŠ€νƒ€μ‹­ λ‘œμΌ“ ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό λ¨Όμ € λ°œμ‚¬ν–ˆλ‹€λ©΄
05:08
You’ve got your payload you want to send wherever into the solar system.
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νƒœμ–‘κ³„ μ–΄λ””λ“  보낼 μ μž¬λ¬Όμ„ μ‹£κ³ 
ꢀ도에 μ˜¬λžμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:11
You launch that into orbit.
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05:12
Then you launch another Starship,
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κ·Έ ν›„ λ‹€λ₯Έ μŠ€νƒ€μ‹­ λ‘œμΌ“μ„ λ³΄λ‚΄μš”.
05:14
and we’ll just call it a tanker because it’s basically just another Starship,
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같은 μŠ€νƒ€μ‹­ λ‘œμΌ“μ΄μ§€λ§Œ
μ—°λ£Œλ§Œ 싀은 κΈ‰μœ κΈ° 역할이죠.
05:18
but it’s full of propellant.
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05:19
And then those two vehicles meet
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 두 λ‘œμΌ“μ€ μš°μ£Όμ—μ„œ λ§Œλ‚˜
05:21
and they dock in Earth orbit.
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지ꡬ κΆ€λ„μ—μ„œ 도킹해
05:23
And the tanker refills the propellant tanks of your starship.
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처음 보낸 μŠ€νƒ€μ‹­ λ‘œμΌ“μ˜ μ—°λ£Œλ₯Ό λ³΄μΆ©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:27
So essentially what you’re doing
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μž₯거리 μ—¬ν–‰ 전에 μ—°λ£Œλ₯Ό μ±„μš°λŠ” 일과
05:29
is you’re refilling your gas tanks before you go out on a big, long trip.
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λ‹€λ₯Ό 것 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:33
And that’s how you can send so much payload capacity
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이런 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ 무거운 μ μž¬λ¬Όμ„ νƒœμ–‘κ³„λ‘œ μ‹€μ–΄ 보낼 수 있죠.
05:36
out into the solar system.
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05:38
Now this is so important
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곡쀑 κΈ‰μœ κ°€ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ΄μœ λŠ”
05:40
because Earth is such a large gravity well.
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μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ 쀑λ ₯이 맀우 κ°•ν•΄μ„œ
05:44
It just takes so much energy,
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λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜λ €λ©΄ μ—„μ²­λ‚œ μ—λ„ˆμ§€κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•˜κ³ 
05:46
and hence, so much fuel,
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05:47
just to launch off the surface of the Earth.
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μ—°λ£Œλ₯Ό 많이 써야 ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:50
So by refilling the tanks in space,
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μš°μ£Όμ—μ„œ μ—°λ£Œλ₯Ό μ±„μš°κ³  λ‚˜λ©΄
05:52
we’re essentially resetting the rocket equation in orbit,
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λ‘œμΌ“μ˜ ꢀ도 방정식을 μž¬μ„€μ •ν•΄μ•Όλ§Œ
05:55
and then we can send these payloads out to wherever they need to go.
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μ μž¬λ¬Όμ„ λͺ©μ μ§€λ‘œ 보낼 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
05:59
So this is fantastic.
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μ•„μ£Ό ν™˜μƒμ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:01
Like, we have this new capability
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κΈ°μˆ μ„ κ°–μ·„λ‹€λ©΄
06:02
and this is how it works,
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06:04
but now I’d like to go to the really exciting part:
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이제 μ§„μ§œ μž¬λ°ŒλŠ” λΆ€λΆ„μœΌλ‘œ λ„˜μ–΄κ°ˆκ²Œμš”.
06:07
What are we going to do with this capability?
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이런 κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν™œμš©ν•˜μ£ ?
06:10
So consider this.
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μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
06:12
Scientists, myself included,
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μ € 같은 κ³Όν•™μžμ—κ²ŒλŠ”
06:15
have long been interested in the possibility of life on Europa.
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유둜파의 생λͺ… 쑴재 κ°€λŠ₯성이 였랜 κ΄€μ‹¬μ‚¬μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:19
Europa has a subsurface --
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유둜파의 μ§€ν‘œλ©΄ λ°‘μ—λŠ” 염뢄이 μžˆλŠ” 앑체 μƒνƒœμ˜ λ°”λ‹€κ°€ μžˆλŠ”λ°
06:20
salty, liquid-water ocean --
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06:23
and we wonder if life might be able to exist there.
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여기에 생λͺ…체가 μ‘΄μž¬ν•  수 μžˆμ„μ§€ κΆκΈˆν–ˆμ£ .
06:26
So given our current exploration strategies --
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ν˜„μž¬ 동원할 수 μžˆλŠ” 탐사법을 ν™œμš©ν•œ
06:29
there is a mission in development right now to study Europa,
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유둜파 연ꡬ ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈκ°€ 진행 μ€‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:33
it’ll actually orbit Jupiter
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일단 λͺ©μ„± ꢀ도λ₯Ό λŒλ©΄μ„œ
06:34
and it’ll do flybys of Europa
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유둜파둜 μ ‘κ·Όν•΄μ„œ
06:36
and remotely measure the Moon and its ocean.
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유둜파의 μœ„μ„±κ³Ό λ°”λ‹€λ₯Ό λ©€λ¦¬μ„œ μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
06:39
But how about this?
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ν˜Ήμ‹œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 방법은 μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
06:41
So I envision a future where to study Europa’s ocean,
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λ―Έλž˜μ—λŠ” 유둜파의 λ°”λ‹€λ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
06:45
we send submarines down into the ocean itself.
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직접 μž μˆ˜ν•¨μ„ νˆ¬μž…ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
06:48
And we study the ocean from within the ocean,
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λ°”λ‹·μ†μ—μ„œ μ—°κ΅¬ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
06:51
and we directly search for signs of life.
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생λͺ…μ˜ 흔적을 직접 찾을 수 있겠죠.
06:54
And while we’re at it,
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같은 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ μ—”μ…€λΌλ‘μŠ€μ—λ„ μž μˆ˜ν•¨μ„ νˆ¬μž…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:55
we should also send submersibles to Enceladus.
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06:58
Enceladus is a moon of Saturn.
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μ—”μ…€λΌλ‘μŠ€λŠ” ν† μ„±μ˜ μœ„μ„±μœΌλ‘œ λ†€λžκ²Œλ„ μ§€ν‘œλ©΄ 밑에
07:00
It’s amazing.
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07:02
It also has a subsurface --
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염뢄이 μžˆλŠ” 앑체 μƒνƒœμ˜ λ°”λ‹€κ°€ λΆ„λͺ… μžˆμ„ κ±°μ—μš”.
07:03
salty, liquid-water ocean --
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07:05
because we see
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남극단 λΆ€λΆ„μ—μ„œ λ¬Όκ³Ό μ–ΌμŒμ΄
07:07
literally geysers of water ice coming out of its south polar region.
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λΏœμ–΄μ Έ λ‚˜μ˜€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:11
And it’s not just Europa and Enceladus.
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μœ λ‘œνŒŒλ‚˜ μ—”μ…€λΌλ‘μŠ€ 뿐만이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:13
The outer solar system is full of ocean worlds.
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νƒœμ–‘κ³„ 밖에도 λ°”λ‹€ 행성이 λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:17
And if we have learned one thing about studying life on Earth --
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μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ 생λͺ…체λ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ 배운 점이 ν•˜λ‚˜ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:20
which, by the way, also an ocean world --
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참고둜 지ꡬ도 λ°”λ‹€ 행성이죠.
07:22
it’s that all life requires liquid water to survive.
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λͺ¨λ“  생λͺ…μ²΄λŠ” μƒμ‘΄ν•˜λ €λ©΄ 앑체 μƒνƒœμ˜ 물이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:26
So we wonder:
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄
07:27
Could there be life in these other oceans as well?
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κ³Όμ—° λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°”λ‹€ 행성에도 생λͺ…체가 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
07:32
There’s other possibilities, too.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 우주 탐사법도 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
07:34
Let’s consider astronomy and astrophysics.
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μ²œλ¬Έν•™κ³Ό μ²œμ²΄λ¬Όλ¦¬ν•™ 이야기λ₯Ό 해보죠.
07:36
This is a beautiful image from the Hubble Space Telescope
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이 μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μš΄ 사진은 ν—ˆλΈ” λ§μ›κ²½μœΌλ‘œ κ΄€μΈ‘ν•œ μ˜€λ¦¬μ˜¨μžλ¦¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:40
in the constellation of Orion.
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07:42
It is a nebula:
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μ •ν™•νžˆλŠ” μ˜€λ¦¬μ˜¨μ„±μš΄μœΌλ‘œ 별이 νƒ„μƒν•˜λŠ” κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:43
a star-forming region where new stars are being born.
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07:47
And in order to understand these processes in the universe,
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μš°μ£Όμ—μ„œ λ²Œμ–΄μ§€λŠ” 일을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ €λ©΄
07:50
we need large telescopes in space to send us back this type of data.
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이런 자료λ₯Ό ꡬ할 수 μžˆλŠ” κ±°λŒ€ 망원경이 ν•„μš”ν•΄μš”.
07:55
Now you could fit a telescope three times the diameter of Hubble in a Starship.
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μŠ€νƒ€μ‹­ λ‘œμΌ“μ—λŠ” ν—ˆλΈ” 망원경보닀
직경이 3λ°° 큰 망원경을 싀을 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
08:01
You could actually fit several of those very large telescopes in a Starship.
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이런 κ±Έ λͺ‡ κ°œμ”©μ΄λ‚˜ 싀을 수 μžˆλ‹΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:05
And that’s important because telescopes --
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망원경은 크기가 μ€‘μš”ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 큰 μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:07
size matters, right?
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08:08
The telescope is like a light-collecting bucket,
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망원경은 빛을 μˆ˜μ§‘ν•˜λŠ” λ°•μŠ€μ™€ κ°™μ•„μš”.
08:11
and you want to collect as many photons as you possibly can
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μ΅œλŒ€ν•œ λ§Žμ€ 빛을 ν‘μˆ˜ν•΄μ„œ
08:14
to see objects that are faint
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νλ¦Ών•˜κ±°λ‚˜ 멀리 μžˆλŠ” 물체도 μ‹λ³„ν•˜μ£ .
08:17
and to see objects that are far away.
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08:19
Because the telescope --
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망원경은 νƒ€μž„λ¨Έμ‹ μ΄λΌ ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:20
a telescope is a time machine.
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08:22
The further away an object is,
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더 멀리 μžˆμ„μˆ˜λ‘ 였래된 물체이죠.
08:24
the older it is,
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08:25
because it takes a finite amount of time
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물체에 λ°˜μ‚¬λœ 빛을 κ΄€μΈ‘ν•  λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€λŠ”
08:27
for that light to travel from that object to your eyeball, right?
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일정 μ‹œκ°„μ΄ κ±Έλ¦¬λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
08:31
That's why it's called the speed of light.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λΉ›μ˜ 속도라고 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
08:33
So with these larger telescopes,
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κ±°λŒ€ 망원경이라면 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ˜λ¬Έμ„ ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
08:34
we can address these science questions,
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08:36
like searching for exoplanets,
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νƒœμ–‘κ³„ μ™Έν–‰μ„±μ΄λ‚˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ³„μ˜ 행성을 μ°Ύκ±°λ‚˜
08:38
planets around other stars
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08:40
and understanding the formation of stars
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λ³„μ˜ 탄생과 λ”λΆˆμ–΄ 행성계λ₯Ό 이해할 μˆ˜λ„ 있고
08:42
and planetary systems ...
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08:43
and looking back to the cosmic dawn --
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νƒœμ΄ˆμ˜ μš°μ£Όμ™€ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ‹œμž‘λœ μˆœκ°„μ„ λŒμ•„λ³΄λ©΄μ„œ
08:45
the literal beginning of time --
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08:47
and fundamentally understanding our own place in the universe.
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인λ₯˜μ˜ 의미λ₯Ό μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:52
But it's not just the size of the telescopes.
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μŠ€νƒ€μ‹­ λ‘œμΌ“μ΄λΌλ©΄ κ±°λŒ€ 망원경을 μ‹£κ³  λΉ„μš©κΉŒμ§€λ„ μ ˆκ°ν•  수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
08:54
We can also reduce the cost.
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08:56
So the James Webb Space Telescope --
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μ œμž„μŠ€ μ›Ή 우주 망원경은
08:58
JWST --
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08:59
fantastic instrument,
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ μž₯λΉ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:00
amazing.
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09:01
The telescope is relatively large,
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크기가 κ½€ μ»€μ„œ κΈ°μ‘΄ λ‘œμΌ“μ— 싀을 수 μ—†μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
09:03
so it didn't fit on any existing launch vehicles.
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09:06
So it had to be folded up,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 쒅이접기 ν•˜λ“― μ ‘μ–΄μ„œ λ‘œμΌ“μ— μ‹€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:08
like a piece of origami,
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09:10
to fit on the rocket.
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09:11
So if we have larger vehicles that can launch larger telescopes,
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κ±°λŒ€ 망원경을 싀을 수 μžˆλŠ” κ±°λŒ€ λ‘œμΌ“μ΄λΌλ©΄
09:15
we can just launch them already fully assembled, right?
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λ§Œλ“  μƒνƒœ κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ 싀을 수 있겠죠?
09:18
No deployment in space necessary.
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μš°μ£Όμ—μ„œ 펼칠 ν•„μš”λ„ μ—†κ³ μš”.
09:20
So the science that can be enabled is amazing,
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이런 기술 λ°œμ „λ„ λŒ€λ‹¨ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
09:23
but it's about more than the science.
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이뿐만이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:25
It’s also about the exploration.
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우주 탐사 방법도 크게 λ°œμ „ν–ˆμ£ .
09:27
Because for the first time in the history of our entire planet --
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지ꡬ가 νƒ„μƒν•œ 이래둜
09:31
and that’s about a little over four and a half billion years
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40μ–΅ ν•˜κ³ λ„ 5μ–΅ 년이 μ§€λ‚œ μ§€κΈˆ
09:34
for anybody that’s keeping track --
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09:36
we are on the cusp of having both the scientific and technical capability
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지ꡬλ₯Ό λ– λ‚˜ 인λ₯˜μ˜ 미래λ₯Ό 퍼뜨릴 수 μžˆμ„ μ •λ„λ‘œ λ°œμ „ν•œ
09:41
to send humans to build a future off of our home planet.
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κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ μ„ κ°–μΆ”κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ λ¨Έμ§€μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:44
And here's how we're going to do it on Mars.
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ν™”μ„±μ˜ κ³„νšμ€ μ΄λ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:48
So first we need to send uncrewed starships to Mars.
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첫째, 무인선을 ν™”μ„±μœΌλ‘œ λ³΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:52
I mean, we have to prove that we can safely land those vehicles
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인λ₯˜κ°€ κ°€κΈ° 전에 μ•ˆμ „νžˆ μ°©λ₯™ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ 확인해야죠.
09:55
before we can send humans on them.
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09:57
But we will use that amazing payload capacity of the Starships
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μ΄λ•Œ μŠ€νƒ€μ‹­ λ‘œμΌ“μ˜ 적재 μ€‘λŸ‰μ„ ν™œμš©ν•΄
10:02
to send elements that we need
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화성에 인λ₯˜κ°€ 계속 생쑴할 수 μžˆλ„λ‘
10:04
in order to enable a sustained human presence on Mars.
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λ§Žμ€ μž₯λΉ„λ₯Ό μ‹€μ–΄ 보낼 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:08
And we’re going to start with what we call ISRU:
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그리고 ISRUλ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:10
In-Situ Resource Utilization.
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ν˜„μ§€ μžμ› ν™œμš©μ΄λž€ 뜻으둜 ν™”μ„±μ˜ μžμ›μ„ ν™œμš©ν•΄ μƒμ‘΄ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
10:13
That basically means living off the land.
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10:15
Because if we want to have a self-sustaining presence on Mars,
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ν™”μ„±μ—μ„œ μžκΈ‰μžμ‘±ν•˜λ©° μ‚΄κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄
10:18
we cannot be Earth-reliant, right?
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지ꡬ에 μ˜μ‘΄ν•΄μ„  μ•ˆ 되겠죠?
10:21
We cannot ferry everything we need from Earth to Mars all the time.
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ν•„μš”ν•œ λ¬Όν’ˆμ„ μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ 맀번 쑰달받을 μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
10:25
You know, living off of local resources --
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ν˜„μ§€ μžμ›λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œ 살아남을 수 μžˆλŠ” κ°€λŠ₯성은
10:28
it’s been critical to human survival since the beginning of our entire species.
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인λ₯˜μ˜ 탄생 이후 생쑴과 직결된 λ¬Έμ œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:33
Our ancestors for millennia have been learning how to use local resources
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수천 λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 인λ₯˜μ˜ 쑰상은
ν˜„μ§€ μžμ›μ„ ν™œμš©ν•΄μ„œ 도ꡬλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κ³ 
10:37
to do things like, you know, build tools
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10:40
and grow food
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μž‘λ¬Όμ„ μž¬λ°°ν•˜κ³  μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό μƒμ‚°ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 μ΅ν˜”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:41
and generate energy.
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10:43
So, I mean, we’re lucky.
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우리 μ„ΈλŒ€λŠ” 운이 μ’‹μ•„μš”.
10:45
We live on a pretty cushy planet right now.
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덕뢄에 μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ κ½€ νŽΈν•˜κ²Œ μ‚΄κ³  있죠.
10:47
That’s why we’re all here today:
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ν•„μš”ν•œ κ±Έ λ‹€ κ°€μ‘ŒκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ—¬κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ 올 수 μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
10:49
we have everything that we need.
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10:51
But Mars is different.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 화성은 λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:53
And Mars is unforgiving.
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ν™”μ„±μ˜ ν™˜κ²½μ€ μ „ν˜€ μžλΉ„λ‘­μ§€ μ•Šμ£ .
10:55
And if you run out of food
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μ‹λŸ‰μ΄λ‚˜ μ—°λ£Œκ°€ λ°”λ‹₯λ‚˜κ±°λ‚˜
10:57
or fuel
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10:58
or oxygen,
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μ‚°μ†Œκ°€ 떨어지면 κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ λμ΄μ—μš”.
11:00
you’re done.
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11:01
So we have to be very smart about how we do ISRU on Mars.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ ν™”μ„±μ˜ ISRUλ₯Ό μ•„μ£Ό μΉ˜λ°€ν•˜κ²Œ κ³„νšν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:06
And the way we’re going to start is by using water ice as a resource.
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μ‹œμž‘μ€ μ–ΌμŒμ„ μžμ›μœΌλ‘œ ν™œμš©ν•  κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
11:09
We know Mars has lots of water ice.
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ν™”μ„±μ—λŠ” μ–ΌμŒμ΄ λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:11
There’s ground ice,
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μ§€ν‘œλ©΄ 밑에 μ–ΌμŒμ΄ μžˆκ±°λ‚˜
11:13
there’s rock-covered glaciers,
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λΉ™ν•˜κ°€ 돌둜 μŒ“μ—¬μžˆλŠ” λ“± 많죠.
11:14
there’s ice for us to use.
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11:16
Now, traditionally, when people talk about sending humans to Mars,
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κΈ°μ‘΄ ν™”μ„± 탐사 방법은
11:20
we talk about sending like a few people
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인원과 탐사차λ₯Ό μ†Œμˆ˜λ§Œ 보낼 수 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
11:23
and maybe a little rover so they can drive around
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μΌλΆ€λ§Œ 탐색 κ°€λŠ₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:25
and explore a little bit.
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11:26
But Starship is so transformational
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν˜μ‹ μ μΈ μŠ€νƒ€μ‹­ λ‘œμΌ“μ΄λΌλ©΄
11:30
that now we can talk about sending the heavy-duty construction machinery
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ν™”μ„± λŒ€κ·œλͺ¨ 거주에 ν•„μš”ν•œ 기반 μ‹œμ„€μ„ 지을 수 μžˆλ„λ‘
11:34
to build the infrastructure that we need for a large-scale presence on Mars.
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λŒ€ν˜• 건섀 쀑μž₯λΉ„λ₯Ό 싀을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:38
So I’m talking like dump trucks and backhoes and large drill rigs --
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λ€ν”„νŠΈλŸ­μ΄λ‚˜ κ΅΄μ°©κΈ°, μ‹œμΆ”κΈ°λ₯Ό 쑰달할 수 있으며
11:43
all the things we’re going to need for ISRU and beyond.
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ISRU μ΄μƒμ˜ 것을 일꡴ 수 있겠죠.
11:46
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
11:48
And another thing that we need to do before the humans arrive
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 인λ₯˜κ°€ 화성에 μ‚΄κΈ° 전에
11:51
is serach for Indigenous Martian life.
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ν† μ°© 생λͺ…체λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:54
So this is a top-priority science question.
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κ³Όν•™κ³„μ˜ μ΅œμš°μ„  과제죠.
11:57
Is there life on Mars?
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화성에 생λͺ…이 μ‘΄μž¬ν• κΉŒμš”?
11:58
But we also have to do due diligence
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ν† μ°© 생λͺ…체 탐색도 μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
12:01
to make sure that that landing site is safe
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λ™μ‹œμ— 인λ₯˜κ°€ μ•ˆμ „νžˆ κ±°μ£Όν•˜κ³ 
μΌν•˜λ©° μ‚΄ 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ 확인해야 ν•΄μš”.
12:03
for the humans to come and live and work.
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12:06
So once we get all that robotic precursor work done,
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이런 문제λ₯Ό λ¨Όμ € ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κ³  λ‚˜μ„œμ•Ό
12:08
then the humans can arrive.
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ν™”μ„±μœΌλ‘œ 이주할 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
12:11
And this is when we start building up a base
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이후 ν™”μ„±μ—μ„œ 생쑴 κΈ°λ°˜μ„ 닦고 λ‚˜λ©΄
12:13
and moving towards a civilization on Mars.
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ν™”μ„± λ¬Έλͺ…을 κ½ƒν”ΌμšΈ 수 있겠죠.
12:16
Now just imagine that for a moment, right?
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ν•œ 번 μƒμƒν•΄λ³΄μ‹œκ² μ–΄μš”?
12:18
At this point, there will actually be Martians,
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μ§„μ§œ 화성인이 μƒκΈ°λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
12:22
except they will be people like you and me.
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외계인이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 우리 같은 μ‚¬λžŒμ΄μ§€λ§Œμš”.
12:25
And it’s about more than just Mars,
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ν™”μ„±μ—λ§Œ ν•œμ •λœ 이야기가 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:27
because as we develop this capability to send humans into the solar system,
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νƒœμ–‘κ³„λ‘œ 이주할 κΈ°μˆ μ„ κ°–μΆ”λ©΄μ„œ
12:32
we can truly begin to address questions such as:
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μ—¬λŸ¬ μ˜λ¬Έμ„ ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 있게 됐죠.
12:36
Are we alone in the universe,
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β€œμš°μ£Όμ—λŠ” 우리뿐일까?”
12:38
and can humans thrive off-planet?
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β€œμΈλ₯˜κ°€ 지ꡬ λ°–μ—μ„œ λ²ˆμ„±ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒ?”
12:41
So the opportunities that are afforded us by these supersized spacecraft
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κ±°λŒ€ λ‘œμΌ“ 덕뢄에 μ „μ—λŠ” 생각도 λͺ» ν–ˆλ˜
12:46
are truly unprecedented,
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λ„˜λ³Ό μˆ˜λ„ μ—†λ˜ κΈ°νšŒκ°€ μƒκ²ΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:48
and they’re like nothing that we’ve ever had before.
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12:51
And they’re completely changing the paradigm for space exploration.
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우주 νƒμ‚¬λΌλŠ” κ°œλ…μ„ μ™„μ „νžˆ λ°”κΏ¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:55
It has taken the entire history of our planet
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μ—¬κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ 45μ–΅ 년이 κ±Έλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:58
to reach this point right now.
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13:00
So I think it’s an amazing time to be alive,
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μ§€κΈˆμ„ μ‚΄μ•„κ°ˆ 수 μžˆμ–΄ μ˜κ΄‘μ΄λΌκ³  μƒκ°ν•΄μš”.
13:03
because what we do next will forever change the course of human history.
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μ•žμœΌλ‘œ 인λ₯˜μ˜ λ―Έλž˜λŠ” 우리 손에 λ‹¬λ €μžˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
13:09
So now is the time to seize the opportunity
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μ΄μ œλŠ” 기회λ₯Ό λ†“μΉ˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ 
13:13
and expand humanity throughout the cosmos.
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μš°μ£Όμ— μ§„μΆœν•  μˆœκ°„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:15
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:17
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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