The difference between being "not racist" and antiracist | Ibram X. Kendi

314,741 views ใƒป 2020-06-17

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: JungJae Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
Cloe Shasha: So welcome, Ibram,
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ํด๋กœ์ด: ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ,
00:14
and thank you so much for joining us.
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์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋‚˜์™€์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
Ibram X. Kendi: Well, thank you, Cloe,
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์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ: ํด๋กœ์ด, ํœ˜ํŠธ๋‹ˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
and Whitney,
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00:22
and thank you everyone for joining this conversation.
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์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
And so, a few weeks ago,
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๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ์ „
00:28
on the same day we learned about the brutal murder of George Floyd,
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์กฐ์ง€ ํ”Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์ž”ํ˜นํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํ•ด๋œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋‚ 
00:34
we also learned that a white woman in Central Park
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์„ผํŠธ๋Ÿด ํŒŒํฌ์—์„œ ํ•œ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด
00:39
who chose not to leash her dog
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์• ์™„๊ฒฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ค„์„ ํ’€์–ด๋†“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ์™€์ค‘
00:42
and was told by a black man nearby that she needed to leash her dog,
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๊ทผ์ฒ˜ ํ•œ ํ‘์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ชฉ์ค„์„ ์ฑ„์›Œ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ž
00:49
instead decided to threaten this black male,
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๋ชฉ์ค„์„ ์ฑ„์šฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ปค๋…• ํ‘์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
00:52
instead decided to call the police
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ
00:55
and claim that her life was being threatened.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์–˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
And of course, when we learned about that through a video,
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์˜์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •ํ™ฉ์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ž,
01:02
many Americans were outraged,
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ด ๊ฒฉ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
01:04
and this woman, Amy Cooper,
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์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต ์—์ด๋ฏธ ์ฟ ํผ๋Š”
01:07
ended up going on national TV
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ „์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์†กํ•˜๋Š” TV์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:10
and saying,
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01:11
like countless other Americans have said right after they engaged in a racist act,
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์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ด ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„ ํ–‰์œ„ ์งํ›„ ๋งํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด
01:17
"I am not racist."
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
01:19
And I say countless Americans,
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์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ด๋ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
because when you really think about the history of Americans
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ง„์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
01:25
expressing racist ideas,
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์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฑ‰๊ณ 
01:27
supporting racist policies,
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์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์„ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋ฉด
01:30
you're really talking about a history of people
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ํŠน์ • ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋…ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
who have claimed they're not racist,
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์ž๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค,
01:35
because everyone claims that they're not racist,
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ณธ์ธ์€ ์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
01:38
whether we're talking about the Amy Coopers of the world,
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์—์ด๋ฏธ ์ฟ ํผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๋‚˜,
01:41
whether we're talking about Donald Trump,
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๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
who, right after he said that majority-black Baltimore
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ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋Š” ํ‘์ธ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋œ ๋ณผํ‹ฐ๋ชจ์–ด๊ฐ€
01:47
is a rat and rodent-infested mess that no human being would want to live in,
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ํ•ด์ถฉ์— ์ฐŒ๋“  ๋‚œ์žฅํŒ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ผ ๋งํ•œ ์งํ›„์—๋„
01:51
and he was challenged as being racist,
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์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
he said, "Actually, I'm the least racist person anywhere in the world."
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๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ, "์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‹ค."
01:58
And so really the heartbeat of racism itself
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์ฆ‰, ์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์—
02:01
has always been denial,
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์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ •์„ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
02:03
and the sound of that heartbeat
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
has always been, "I'm not racist."
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
02:09
And so what I'm trying to do with my work
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š”
02:11
is to really get Americans to eliminate the concept of "not racist"
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"๋น„์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž" ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์„
02:16
from their vocabulary,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด ๋ชฉ๋ก์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ ,
02:17
and realize we're either being racist
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฃผ์˜์ž ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž„์„
02:21
or anti-racist.
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์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
We're either expressing ideas that suggest certain racial groups
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์€์—ฐ์ค‘์— ํŠน์ • ์ธ์ข… ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธ์ข…๋ณด๋‹ค
02:27
are better or worse than others,
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๋” ์„ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•…ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ ,
02:29
superior or inferior than others.
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์šฐ์›”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์—ด๋“ฑํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•”์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฑ‰๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
We're either being racist,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
02:33
or we're being anti-racist.
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๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฃผ์˜์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
We're expressing notions that the racial groups are equals,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธํ™”์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์ด์—๋„
02:41
despite any cultural or even ethnic differences.
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์ธ์ข… ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋™๋“ฑํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
We're either supporting policies that are leading
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ์ข… ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋‹นํ•จ์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š”
02:46
to racial inequities and injustice,
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์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
like we saw in Louisville, where Breonna Taylor was murdered,
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๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋‚˜ ํ…Œ์ผ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ดํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ ๋ฃจ์ด๋นŒ ์‚ฌํƒœ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:53
or we're supporting policies and pushing policies
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด, ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์˜์™€ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด
02:58
that are leading to justice and equity for all.
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์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ€์–ด ๋ถ™์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
And so I think we should be very clear
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
about whether we're expressing racist ideas,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฑ‰๋Š”์ง€
03:08
about whether we're supporting racist policies,
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€,
03:12
and admit when we are,
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„,
03:13
because to be anti-racist
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๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฃผ์˜์ž๋Š”
03:16
is to admit when we expressed a racist idea,
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์  ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฑ‰์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:19
is to say, "You know what?
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"๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์•Œ์•„?
03:21
When I was doing that in Central Park,
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์„ผํŠธ๋Ÿด ํŒŒํฌ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
03:24
I was indeed being racist.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž์˜€์–ด.
03:26
But I'm going to change.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ฒ ์–ด.
03:27
I'm going to strive to be anti-racist."
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๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋„๋ก ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒ ์–ด." ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
And to be racist
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๋Š”
03:31
is to constantly deny
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๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๋ถ€์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
the racial inequities that pervade American society,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋งŒ์—ฐํ•œ ์ธ์ข…์  ๋ถˆ๊ณตํ‰๊ณผ
03:38
to constantly deny the racist ideas that pervade American minds.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๋งˆ์Œ์— ํผ์ ธ ๋“œ๋Š” ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋์—†์ด ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:43
And so I want to built a just and equitable society,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณต์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณตํ‰ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ๋ฉฐ
03:47
and the only way we're going to even begin that process
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์ด ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์‹œ์ž‘์ด๋ผ๋„ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
03:50
is if we admit our racism
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๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:52
and start building an anti-racist world.
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
CS: Thank you so much for that.
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ํด๋กœ์ด: ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
You know, your book, "How to Be an Antiracist,"
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์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ์˜ ์ €์„œ "๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•"์€
04:08
has become a bestseller in light of what's been happening,
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์ตœ๊ทผ ์—ฐ์ด์–ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋น„์ถ”์–ด ๋ฒ ์ŠคํŠธ์…€๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
04:11
and you've been speaking a bit
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์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ์€ ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ
04:14
to the ways in which anti-racism and racism
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๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐ
04:17
are the only two polar opposite ways to hold a view on racism.
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ด€์ ๋งŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
I'm curious if you could talk a little bit more
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ž์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ
04:26
about what the basic tenets of anti-racism are,
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๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์›์น™์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€
04:28
for people who aren't as familiar with it in terms of how they can be anti-racist.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
04:34
IXK: Sure. And so I mentioned in my talk
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์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ: ๋„ค, ์•ž์„  ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ
04:37
that the heartbeat of racism is denial,
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ด ๋ถ€์ •์ด๋ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
and really the heartbeat of anti-racism is confession,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ๊ณ ๋ฐฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
is the recognition
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์ด๋Š” ์ธ์‹์œผ๋กœ
04:50
that to grow up in this society
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์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์ž๋ผ๋ฉฐ
04:52
is to literally at some point in our lives
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์‚ถ์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์€ ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ
04:55
probably internalize ideas that are racist,
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฉดํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:00
ideas that suggest certain racial groups are better or worse than others,
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์ด๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์ธ์ข… ์ง‘๋‹จ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์šฐ์—ด์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋ฉฐ,
05:05
and because we believe in racial hierarchy,
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์ธ์ข… ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๊ณ„์ธต์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
because Americans have been systematically taught
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ต์œก ์ฒด๊ณ„๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์ ์œผ๋กœ
05:11
that black people are more dangerous,
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ํ‘์ธ์ด ๋” ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
05:14
that black people are more criminal-like,
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
05:17
when we live in a society where black people
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชธ๋‹ด์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ
05:19
are 40 percent of the national incarcerated population,
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์ „์ฒด ์ˆ˜๊ฐ์ž 40%๊ฐ€ ํ‘์ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด
05:23
that's going to seem normal to people.
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์ •์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
When we live in a society
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ
05:27
in a city like Minneapolis
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๊ฐ€๋ น, ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์• ํด๋ฆฌ์Šค์—์„œ๋Š”
05:29
where black people are 20 percent of the population
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ํ‘์ธ์ด ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋น„์œจ์˜ 20%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
05:32
but more than 60 percent of the people being subjected to police shootings,
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ ํญ๋ ฅ์—๋Š” 60% ๋„˜๋Š” ๋น„์œจ์„ ํ‘์ธ์ด ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
05:37
it's going to seem normal.
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์ด ๋˜ํ•œ ์ •์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
And so to be anti-racist
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ ค๋ฉด
05:41
is to believe that there's nothing wrong
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ํ‘์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋–ค ์ธ์ข… ์ง‘๋‹จ๋„
05:44
or inferior about black people or any other racial group.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธ์ข…๋ณด๋‹ค ์—ด๋“ฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
There's nothing dangerous
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ํ‘์ธ์ด๋‚˜
05:48
about black people or any other racial group.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋–ค ์ธ์ข… ์ง‘๋‹จ๋„ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
And so when we see these racial disparities all around us,
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์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ํŒฝ๋ฐฐํ•œ ์ธ์ข…์  ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋ฉด
05:55
we see them as abnormal,
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋น„์ •์ƒ์ž„์„ ์ธ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ
05:58
and then we start to figure out, OK, what policies are behind
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งŽ์€ ํ‘์ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์‚ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ
06:03
so many black people being killed by police?
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์–ด๋–ค ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š”์ง€
06:06
What policies are behind so many Latinx people
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์–ด๋–ค ์ •์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ผํ‹ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
06:09
being disproportionately infected with COVID?
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜๋Š”์ง€,
06:12
How can I be a part of the struggle
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋’ค์ง‘๊ณ 
06:14
to upend those policies and replace them with more antiracist policies?
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๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฃผ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ํˆฌ์Ÿ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
Whitney Pennington Rodgers: And so it sounds like
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ํœ˜ํŠธ๋‹ˆ: ์ด๋Š” ๋งˆ์น˜
06:23
you do make that distinction, then, between not racist and anti-racist.
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
I guess, could you talk a little bit more about that and break that down?
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
06:31
What is the difference between the two?
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์–ด๋–ค ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
06:33
IXK: In the most simplest way,
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์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ: ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
06:35
a not racist is a racist who is in denial,
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž์ด๋ฉฐ
06:41
and an anti-racist is someone
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๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๋Š”
06:44
who is willing to admit the times in which they are being racist,
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž์˜€๋˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ
06:48
and who is willing to recognize
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๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ํŒฝ๋ฐฐํ•œ
06:51
the inequities and the racial problems of our society,
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๋ถˆ๊ณตํ‰๊ณผ ์ธ์ข… ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
06:55
and who is willing to challenge those racial inequities
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๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋„์ „ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธ์ข… ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„
06:59
by challenging policy.
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๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
And so I'm saying this because literally slaveholders, slave traders,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋…ธ์˜ˆ ์†Œ์œ ์ฃผ์™€ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ ํŒ๋งค์ƒ๋„
07:07
imagined that their ideas in our terms were not racist.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋Š” ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
They would say things like,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ• ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
"Black people are the cursed descendants of Ham,
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"ํ‘์ธ์€ ๋…ธ์•„์˜ ์ €์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ•จ์˜ ์ž์†์ด๋ฉฐ,
07:15
and they're cursed forever into enslavement."
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์ €์ฃผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์˜์›ํžˆ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ๋กœ ์‚ด ์šด๋ช…์ด๋‹ค."
07:19
This isn't, "I'm not racist."
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
07:21
This is, "God's law."
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"์‹ ์˜ ๋œป"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
They would say things, like, you know,
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Š˜์–ด๋†“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
"Based on science, based on ethnology,
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"๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์— ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฏผ์กฑํ•™์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ,
07:28
based on natural history,
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์ž์—ฐ์‚ฌ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ,
07:30
black people by nature
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ํ‘์ธ์€ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
07:32
are predisposed to slavery and servility.
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๋…ธ์˜ˆ ์‹ ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๊ตด์ข…์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
07:35
This is nature's law. I'm not racist.
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์ด๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์„ญ๋ฆฌ์ผ ๋ฟ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
I'm actually doing what nature said I'm supposed to be doing."
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ญ๋ฆฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ž์—ฐ์ด ๋งˆ๋•…ํžˆ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ๋ฟ์ด๋‹ค.
07:42
And so this construct of being not racist and denying one's racism
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์€
07:48
goes all the way back to the origins of this country.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ธฐ์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
CS: Yeah.
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ํด๋กœ์ด: ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ตฐ์š”.
07:55
And why do you think it has been so hard
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด์งธ์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์žˆ์–ด
07:57
for some people now to still accept that neutrality is not enough
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์ค‘๋ฆฝ์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„์น˜ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„
08:01
when it comes to racism?
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๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
08:04
IXK: I think because it takes a lot of work to be anti-racist.
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์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ: ๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ ค๋ฉด ํ•  ์ผ์ด ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
You have to be very vulnerable, right?
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์—ฐ์•ฝํ•จ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ , ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
08:10
You have to be willing to admit that you were wrong.
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์ž์‹ ์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋˜ํ•œ ์ธ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
You have to be willing to admit
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์ž์‹ ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ˆ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š”
08:16
that if you have more, if you're white, for instance,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค๋„ ์ธ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋ น, ๋ฐฑ์ธ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
08:20
and you have more,
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๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
08:21
it may not be because you are more.
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๋” ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์€ ์•„๋‹ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
You have to admit that, yeah, you've worked hard
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์ธ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก , ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ–ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
08:26
potentially, in your life,
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์•„๋งˆ๋„, ์ผ์ƒ ๋‚ด๋‚ด์š”.
08:28
but you've also had certain advantages
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŠน์ • ์ด์ ๋“ค,
08:30
which provided you with opportunities
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์–ป์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ
08:33
that other people did not have.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
You have to admit those things,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
08:36
and it's very difficult
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์ธ์ •์€ ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
for people to be publicly,
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๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ ,
08:40
and even privately, self-critical.
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์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๊ธฐ ๋น„ํŒ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
I think it's also the case of,
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด,
08:46
and I should have probably led with this,
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์ด ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์•˜์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
how people define "racist."
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด "์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž"๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:50
And so people tend to define "racist"
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๋‹ค๋“ค "์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž"๋ฅผ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
as, like, a fixed category,
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๋งˆ์น˜ ๊ทœ๊ฒฉํ™”๋œ ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜,
08:55
as an identity.
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์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:57
This is essential to who a person is.
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์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์„ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
Someone becomes a racist.
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
09:03
And so therefore --
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ,
09:06
And then they also connect a racist with a bad, evil person.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์•…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
They connect a racist with a Ku Klux Klansman or woman.
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž์™€ KKK์ด๋‚˜ ์—ฌ์ž์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€ ์ง“์ฃ .
09:15
And they're like, "I'm not in the Ku Klux Klan,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , "๋‚˜๋Š” KKK๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ƒ.
09:18
I'm not a bad person
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚˜์œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
09:20
and I've done good things in my life.
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์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์™”์–ด.
09:23
I've done good things to people of color.
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์œ ์ƒ‰ ์ธ์ข…์—๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์™”์–ด.
09:25
And so therefore I can't be racist.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ.
09:27
I'm not that. That's not my identity.
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ๋‚ด ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„."
09:29
But that's actually not how we should be defining racist.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฑด ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
Racist is a descriptive term.
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๋Š” ์„œ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ์šฉ์–ด๋กœ,
09:35
It describes what a person is saying or doing in any given moment,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์— ์–ด๋–ค ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์„œ์ˆ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
and so when a person in one moment
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋Š ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„
09:43
is expressing a racist idea,
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
09:45
in that moment they are being racist when they're saying black people are lazy.
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๊ฐ€๋ น ํ‘์ธ์ด ๊ฒŒ์œผ๋ฅด๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์€ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
If in the very next moment
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„
09:51
they're appreciating the cultures of native people,
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์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ์นญ์ฐฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
09:54
they're being anti-racist.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
WPR: And we're going to get to some questions
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ํœ˜ํŠธ๋‹ˆ: ๊ณง ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
10:01
from our community in a moment,
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐ›๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
10:02
but I think when a lot of people hear this idea that you're putting forward,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ์ด ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฃผ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
10:06
this idea of anti-racism,
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
10:08
there's this feeling that this is something
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์˜ค์ง ๋ฐฑ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—๋งŒ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ
10:10
that only concerns the white community.
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์ฃผ์žฅ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
And so could you speak a little bit to how the black community
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ํ‘์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋‚˜ ๋น„ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์†Œ์ˆ˜ ๋ฏผ์กฑ๊ถŒ์—์„œ
10:16
and nonwhite, other ethnic minorities
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฃผ์˜์—
10:20
can participate in and think about this idea of anti-racism?
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์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
10:25
IXK: Sure.
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์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ: ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
So if white Americans commonly say, "I'm not racist,"
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฐฑ์ธ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ "๋‚œ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ." ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:31
people of color commonly say,
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์œ ์ƒ‰ ์ธ์ข…์€ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
"I can't be racist,
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด
10:34
because I'm a person of color."
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์œ ์ƒ‰ ์ธ์ข…์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ."
10:37
And then some people of color say they can't be racist
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์œ ์ƒ‰ ์ธ์ข… ์ค‘ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํž˜์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
10:44
because they have no power.
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
And so, first and foremost,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„
10:49
what I've tried to do in my work is to push back against this idea
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์œ ์ƒ‰ ์ธ์ข…์—๊ฒŒ ํž˜์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š”
10:53
that people of color have no power.
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๊ด€๋…์„ ๋ชฐ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
There's nothing more disempowering
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ, ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ƒ‰ ์ธ์ข…์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
10:59
to say, or to think, as a person of color,
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ํž˜์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ๋งŒํผ
11:03
than to say you have no power.
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ํž˜์„ ๋นผ์•—๋Š” ๋ง์€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
People of color have long utilized the most basic power
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์œ ์ƒ‰ ์ธ์ข…์€ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ํž˜,
11:09
that every human being has,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์†Œ์œ ํ•œ ํž˜์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
and that's the power to resist policy --
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ •์ฑ…์— ์ €ํ•ญํ•˜๋Š” ํž˜์œผ๋กœ
11:15
that's the power to resist racist policies,
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์— ์ €ํ•ญํ•˜๋Š” ํž˜์ด๋ฉฐ,
11:19
that's the power to resist a racist society.
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์  ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์ €ํ•ญํ•˜๋Š” ํž˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
But if you're a person of color,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์œ ์ƒ‰ ์ธ์ข…์ž„์—๋„
11:24
and you believe that people coming here
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์˜จ๋‘๋ผ์Šค์™€ ์—˜์‚ด๋ฐ”๋„๋ฅด์—์„œ
11:29
from Honduras and El Salvador
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ์˜จ ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋“ค์ด
11:31
are invading this country,
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๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ์นจ๋žตํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
11:34
you believe that these Latinx immigrants
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๋ผํ‹ด๊ณ„ ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋“ค์ด
11:36
are animals and rapists,
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๋™๋ฌผ์ด์ž ๊ฐ•๊ฐ„๋ฒ”์ด๋ผ ๋ฏฟ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:38
then you're certainly not, if you're black or Asian or native,
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ํ‘์ธ์ด๋“  ์•„์‹œ์•„์ธ์ด๋“  ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ด๋“  ๊ทธ ํž˜์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
going to be a part of the struggle
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๋ผํ‹ด๊ณ„ ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
11:46
to defend Latinx immigrants,
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ํˆฌ์Ÿ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
11:48
to recognize that Latinx immigrants have as much to give to this country
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๋ผํ‹ด๊ณ„ ์ด๋ฏผ์ž ์—ญ์‹œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
11:55
as any other group of people,
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์‹ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
you're going to view these people as "taking away your jobs,"
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์ด๋ฏผ์ž๊ฐ€ "์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋นผ์•—๋Š”๋‹ค"๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์„ ๊ณ ์ˆ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ
12:01
and so therefore you're going to support racist rhetoric,
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž์˜ ํ—ˆ์–ธ์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:04
you're going to support racist policies,
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…๋„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
and even though that is probably going to be harming you,
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๊ทธ ํ–‰๋™์ด ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:12
in other words, it's going to be harming,
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๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋งํ•ด, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
12:14
if you're black, immigrants coming from Haiti and Nigeria,
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์•„์ดํ‹ฐ์™€ ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผํ•œ ํ‘์ธ์ด๋“ ,
12:17
if you're Asian, immigrants coming from India.
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์ธ๋„์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผํ•œ ์•„์‹œ์•„์ธ์ด๋“ , ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…ํž ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
So I think it's critically important for even people of color
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ €ํ•ญํ•  ํž˜์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
12:26
to realize they have the power to resist,
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์œ ์ƒ‰ ์ธ์ข…์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
and when people of color view other people of color as the problem,
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์œ ์ƒ‰ ์ธ์ข…์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ์ƒ‰ ์ธ์ข…์„ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:35
they're not going to view racism as the problem.
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๊ทธ ์œ ์ƒ‰ ์ธ์ข…์€ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
And anyone who is not viewing racism as the problem
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
12:42
is not being anti-racist.
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๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
CS: You touched on this a bit in your beginning talk here,
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ํด๋กœ์ด: ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ž ์‹œ
12:54
but you've talked about how racism is the reason
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ํ‘์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์œ ์ƒ‰ ์ธ์ข… ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
12:58
that black communities and communities of color
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์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ
13:00
are systematically disadvantaged in America,
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ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋นผ์•—๊ฒผ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
which has led to so many more deaths from COVID-19 in those communities.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์œ ์ƒ‰ ์ธ์ข… ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
And yet the media is often placing the blame on people of color
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์•„์ง ์–ธ๋ก ์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์ƒ‰ ์ธ์ข…์ด ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜์— ์ทจ์•ฝํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ 
13:09
for their vulnerability to illness.
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์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ „๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:13
So I'm curious, in line with that,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ,
13:15
what is the relationship between anti-racism
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๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์ œ๋„์  ๋ณ€ํ˜์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์—
13:18
and the potential for systemic change?
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
13:23
IXK: I think it's a direct relationship,
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์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ: ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
because when you are --
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
13:30
when you believe and have consumed racist ideas,
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์  ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฏฟ์œผ๋ฉด
13:34
you're not going to even believe change is necessary
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๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
13:37
because you're going to believe that racial inequality is normal.
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์ธ์ข… ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ •์ƒ์ด๋ผ ๋ฏฟ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:41
Or, you're not going to believe change is possible.
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๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:44
In other words, you're going to believe that the reason why black people
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๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ํ‘์ธ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋†’์€ ๋นˆ๋„๋กœ
13:49
are being killed by police at such high rates
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์‚ด๋˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋‚˜
13:53
or the reason why Latinx people are being infected at such high rates
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๋ผํ‹ด๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์—
13:57
is because there's something wrong with them,
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๊ทธ ์ธ์ข…์— ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ณ 
14:00
and nothing can be changed.
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์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ฐ”๋€” ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:01
And so you wouldn't even begin to even see the need
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€
14:05
for systemic structural change,
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ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
14:08
let alone be a part of the struggle for systemic structural change.
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๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
And so, to be anti-racist, again,
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๋‹ค์‹œ, ๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ ค๋ฉด
14:15
is to recognize
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์ธ์‹ํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:18
that there's only two causes of racial inequity:
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์ธ์ข… ๋ถˆ๊ณตํ‰์—๋Š” ์˜ค์ง ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์›์ธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:22
either there's something wrong with people,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
14:25
or there's something wrong with power and policy.
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์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:27
And if you realize that there's nothing wrong with any group of people,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Œ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:32
and I keep mentioning groups --
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๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
14:34
I'm not saying individuals.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:36
There's certainly black individuals
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
14:38
who didn't take coronavirus seriously,
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๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜๋Š”
14:41
which is one of the reasons why they were infected.
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ํ‘์ธ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:44
But there are white people who didn't take coronavirus seriously.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์ธ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:47
No one has ever proven, actually studies have shown
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:50
that black people were more likely to take the coronavirus seriously
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ํ‘์ธ์ด ๋ฐฑ์ธ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฅผ
14:54
than white people.
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์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:55
We're not talking about individuals here,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ์„ ๋…ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ
14:57
and we certainly should not be individualizing groups.
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์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ํ™”ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:01
We certainly should not be looking at the individual behavior
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ผํ‹ด๊ณ„๋‚˜ ํ‘์ธ ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด
15:04
of one Latinx person or one black person,
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๊ทธ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
15:08
and saying they're representatives of the group.
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์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:10
That's a racist idea in and of itself.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:12
And so I'm talking about groups,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ
15:14
and if you believe that groups are equals,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๋™๋“ฑํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
15:17
then the only other alternative,
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๋ˆ์งˆ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๋Š”
15:19
the only other explanation to persisting inequity and injustice,
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๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋‹นํ•จ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ด๋‹ต์€
15:24
is power and policy.
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๊ถŒ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ •์ฑ…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:25
And to then spend your time transforming and challenging power and policy
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๊ถŒ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ •์ฑ…์— ์ €ํ•ญํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋ฉด
15:32
is to spend your time being anti-racist.
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๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ• ์• ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:37
WPR: So we have some questions that are coming in from the audience.
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ํœ˜ํŠธ๋‹ˆ: ์‹œ์ฒญ์ž ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:41
First one here is from a community member
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์—์„œ ์˜จ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
15:44
that asks, "When we talk about white privilege,
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"๋ฐฑ์ธ ํŠน๊ถŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
15:47
we talk also about the privilege not to have the difficult conversations.
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๊ณจ์น˜ ์•„ํ”ˆ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์™ธ๋ฉดํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน๊ถŒ์„ ๋นผ๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:50
Do you feel that's starting to change?"
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?"
15:55
IXK: I hope so,
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์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ: ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:57
because I think
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š”
16:00
that white Americans, too,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋˜ํ•œ
16:05
need to simultaneously recognize
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์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŠน๊ถŒ์„
16:09
their privileges,
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์ธ์‹ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:10
the privileges that they have accrued
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ํฐ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ƒ‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„
16:14
as a result of their whiteness,
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ํŠน๊ถŒ์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
16:16
and the only way in which they're going to be able to do that
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์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
16:20
is by initiating and having these conversations.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:23
But then they also should recognize
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๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๋ฐฑ์ธ์€
16:25
that, yes, they have more,
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์ž๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋ˆ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:27
white Americans have more,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฐฑ์ธ์€ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
16:30
due to racist policy,
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๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ˆ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:32
but the question I think white Americans should be having,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฐฑ์ธ์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
16:35
particularly when they're having these conversations among themselves,
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋˜์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:39
is, if we had a more equitable society,
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์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๊ณต์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜œํƒ์„
16:45
would we have more?
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๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„๊นŒ?
16:46
Because what I'm asking is that, you know,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌป๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
16:49
white Americans have more because of racism,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฐฑ์ธ์ด ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜ ๋•๋ถ„์— ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ˆ„๋ฆผ์—๋„
16:53
but there are other groups of people in other Western democracies
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„œ๊ตฌ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฐฑ์ธ๋ณด๋‹ค
16:57
who have more than white Americans,
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๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:59
and then you start to ask the question,
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์˜๋ฌธ์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:01
why is it that people in other countries have free health care?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์˜๋ฃŒ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๋Š”๊ฐ€?
17:05
Why is it that they have paid family leave?
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์–ด์งธ์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์œ ๊ธ‰์œผ๋กœ ์œก์•„ ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๊ฐ€?
17:07
Why is it that they have a massive safety net?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์•ˆ์ „๋ง์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๋Š”๊ฐ€?
17:11
Why is it that we do not?
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์–ด์งธ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?
17:13
And one of the major answers
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”
17:16
to why we do not here have is racism.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
17:21
One of the major answers as to why
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ฉฐ,
17:23
Donald Trump is President of the United States
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๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ๋œ ์ด์œ  ๋˜ํ•œ
17:26
is racism.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:27
And so I'm not really asking white Americans to be altruistic
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฐฑ์ธ์ด ๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
17:33
in order to be anti-racist.
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์ดํƒ€์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:35
We're really asking people
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
17:37
to have intelligent self-interest.
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๊ฐ์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:40
Those four million, I should say five million poor whites in 1860
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1860๋…„ 4๋ฐฑ๋งŒ, 5๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์— ๋‹ฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋ฐฑ์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
17:46
whose poverty was the direct result
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๊ทธ ๋นˆ๊ณคํ•จ์€ ๊ณ ์ž‘ ๋ช‡ ์ฒœ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์— ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
17:49
of the riches of a few thousand white slaveholding families,
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๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ ์†Œ์œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ง์ ‘์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜€๊ณ ,
17:54
in order to challenge slavery,
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๋…ธ์˜ˆ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
17:55
we weren't saying, you know, we need you to be altruistic.
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์ดํƒ€์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:58
No, we actually need you to do what's in your self-interest.
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๊ฐ์ž ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ–ˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:02
Those tens of millions of Americans, white Americans, who have lost their jobs
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์ด๋ฒˆ ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋งŒ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ,
18:08
as a result of this pandemic,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฐฑ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ง์—…์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:10
we're not asking them to be altruistic.
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์ดํƒ€์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:13
We're asking them to realize that if we had a different type of government
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์šฐ์„  ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋”๋ผ๋ฉด
18:17
with a different set of priorities,
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ํ˜•ํŽธ์ด ๋” ๋‚˜์•˜์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Œ์„
18:19
then they would be much better off right now.
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์ธ์‹ํ•ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:25
I'm sorry, don't get me started.
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๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ฒฉํ•ด์ง€๋Š”๊ตฐ์š”.
18:28
CS: No, we're grateful to you. Thank you.
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ํด๋กœ์ด: ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:32
And in line with that,
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๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ
18:35
obviously these protests and this movement have led to some progress:
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์‹œ์œ„์™€ ์šด๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์ง„์ฒ™์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:38
the removal of Confederate monuments,
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๋‚จ๋ถ€ ์—ฐํ•ฉ ๊ธฐ๋…๋ฌผ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ ,
18:42
the Minneapolis City Council pledging to dismantle the police department, etc.
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๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์• ํด๋ฆฌ์Šค ์‹œ ์˜ํšŒ์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ตญ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์ฒดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ
18:46
But what do you view as the greatest priority on a policy level
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์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํˆฌ์Ÿ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์ •์ฑ… ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ• 
18:50
as this fight for justice continues?
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
18:52
Are there any ways in which we could learn from other countries?
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฐ์šธ๋งŒํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
18:58
IXK: I don't actually think necessarily
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์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ: ์ €๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ •์ฑ… ์šฐ์„  ๊ณผ์ œ๊ฐ€
19:02
there's a singular policy priority.
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๊ผญ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:08
I mean, if someone was to force me to answer,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์ œ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
19:12
I would probably say two,
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:14
and that is,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š”,
19:16
high quality free health care for all,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋†’์€ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์˜๋ฃŒ ๋ณต์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:20
and when I say high quality,
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์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š”
19:22
I'm not just talking about Medicare For All,
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณดํ—˜์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:26
I'm talking about a simultaneous scenario
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๋™์‹œ ๋‹ค๋ฐœ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋Œ€์ฑ…์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:29
in which in rural southwest Georgia,
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์กฐ์ง€์•„ ๋‚จ์„œ๋ถ€ ์‹œ๊ณจ์€
19:33
where the people are predominantly black
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์ธ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ํ‘์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:37
and have some of the highest death rates in the country,
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๊ทธ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์€ ์ „๊ตญ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:40
those counties in southwest Georgia,
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์กฐ์ง€์•„ ๋‚จ์„œ๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋กœ
19:42
from COVID,
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ํฐ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:44
that they would have access to health care
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ์• ํ‹€๋žœํƒ€๋‚˜ ๋‰ด์š•์‹œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
19:47
as high quality as people do in Atlanta and New York City,
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์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋†’์€ ์˜๋ฃŒ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
19:51
and then, simultaneously,
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๋™์‹œ์—
19:53
that that health care would be free.
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:57
So many Americans not only of course are dying this year of COVID
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์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ด ์˜ฌํ•ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
20:02
but also of heart disease and cancer,
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์‹ฌ์žฅ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ์•”์œผ๋กœ ์ฃฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:05
which are the number one killers before COVID of Americans,
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ์ด์ „ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•ด์นœ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด์ฃ .
20:08
and they're disproportionately black.
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๊ทธ ํ”ผํ•ด์ž๋Š” ํ‘์ธ์œผ๋กœ ํŽธ์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:12
And so I would say that,
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์˜๋ฃŒ ํ˜œํƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
20:13
and then secondarily, I would say reparations.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์›๊ธˆ ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:17
And many Americans claim
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์€
20:21
that they believe in racial equality,
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์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ข… ํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ๋ฏฟ์œผ๋ฉฐ
20:24
they want to bring about racial equality.
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์ธ์ข… ํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:27
Many Americans recognize just how critical economic livelihood is
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ด ํ˜„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ฒด์ œ ์†์—์„œ
20:34
for every person in this country, in this economic system.
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๋‹ค๋“ค ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์œ„ํƒœ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:39
But then many Americans reject or are not supportive of reparations.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์›๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:45
And so we have a situation
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:47
in which white Americans
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฐฑ์ธ๋“ค์ด
20:50
are, last I checked,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
20:51
their median wealth is 10 times the median wealth of black Americans,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฐฑ์ธ์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ž์‚ฐ์ด ํ‘์ธ์˜ 10๋ฐฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:56
and according to a recent study,
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์ตœ๊ทผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
20:58
by 2053 --
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2053๋…„์—๋Š”
21:02
between now, I should say, and 2053,
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๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ง€๊ธˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2053๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด์—
21:05
white median wealth is projected to grow,
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๋ฐฑ์ธ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ž์‚ฐ์€ ๊ณ„์† ์ƒ์Šนํ•  ์ „๋ง์ด๋ฉฐ,
21:08
and this was before this current recession,
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์ด๋Š” ํ˜„ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฒด ์ „์— ๋‚˜์˜จ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ง€๋งŒ,
21:11
and black median wealth
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ํ‘์ธ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ž์‚ฐ์€
21:15
is expected to redline at zero dollars,
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๋ฌด์ผํ‘ผ์— ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:19
and that, based on this current recession, that may be pushed up a decade.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฒด๊ฐ€ 10๋…„๊ฐ„ ์•…ํ™”๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
21:23
And so we not only have a racial wealth gap,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ธ์ข… ๋นˆ๋ถ€๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
21:26
but we have a racial wealth gap that's growing.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:29
And so for those Americans who claim
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ธ์ข… ํ‰๋“ฑ์— ํ—Œ์‹ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ 
21:32
they are committed to racial equality
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์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๊ณผ
21:35
who also recognize the importance of economic livelihood
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ƒ๊ณ„์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ
21:39
and who also know that wealth is inherited,
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๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๊ทธ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•จ์ด ์ƒ์†๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋˜ํ•œ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด,
21:43
and the majority of wealth is inherited,
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๋ถ€์œ ํ•จ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ƒ์†์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
21:46
and when you think of the inheritance,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ƒ์†์ด
21:49
you're thinking of past,
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์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜
21:51
and the past policies
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์ด๋ฏธ ์—†์–ด์ง„ ์ œ๋„๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:53
that many Americans consider to be racist,
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ด ๋…ธ์˜ˆ์ œ๋„ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
21:55
whether it's slavery or even redlining,
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์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฑฐ๋ถ€์ง€์—ญ ์ง€์ •๋„ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ด๋ผ ์—ฌ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:58
how would we even begin to close
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์ง€์›๊ธˆ ์ œ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ •์ฑ… ์—†์ด
22:01
this growing racial wealth gap
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ ์  ์ปค์ง€๋Š”
22:04
without a massive program like reparations?
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์ธ์ข… ๊ฐ„ ๋นˆ๋ถ€ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
22:10
WPR: Well, sort of connected to this idea of thinking about wealth disparity
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ํœ˜ํŠธ๋‹ˆ: ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋นˆ๋ถ€ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ์™€
22:13
and wealth inequality in this country,
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๋ถ€์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์— ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ
22:15
we have a question from community member Dana Perls.
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์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋‚˜ ํŽ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:18
She asks, "How do you suggest liberal white organizations
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"์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ์ง„๋ณด ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€
22:21
effectively address problems of racism within the work environment,
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์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
22:24
particularly in environments where people remain silent in the face of racism
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„์— ํ•จ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
22:28
or make token statements without looking internally?"
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊นŠ์ด ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ๊ณต๋ฌธ๋งŒ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ ."
22:33
IXK: Sure.
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์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ: ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜์ฃ ,
22:34
And so I would make a few suggestions.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:36
One, for several decades now,
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๋จผ์ €, ์ง€๊ธˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹ญ์ˆ˜ ๋…„๊ฐ„
22:40
every workplace has publicly pledged
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์ธ์ข… ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์— ํ—Œ์‹ ํ•˜๋„๋ก
22:47
a commitment to diversity.
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๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:49
Typically, they have diversity statements.
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๋Œ€๊ฐœ ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ์„ฑ๋ช…์„œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ.
22:51
I would basically rip up those diversity statements
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์ €๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐˆ์•„ ์—Ž์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
22:54
and write a new statement,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ฑ๋ช…์„œ๋ฅผ ์“ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:56
and that's a statement committed to anti-racism.
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๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์— ํ—Œ์‹ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ช…์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:59
And in that statement you would clearly define what a racist idea is,
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๊ทธ ์„ฑ๋ช…์„œ์— ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์  ์ƒ๊ฐ์„
23:05
what an anti-racist idea is,
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ ,
23:08
what a racist policy is and what an anti-racist policy is.
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ •์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:12
And you would state as a workplace that you're committed
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์ผํ„ฐ์— ๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์™€
23:16
to having a culture of anti-racist ideas
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๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ
23:20
and having an institution made up of anti-racist policies.
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์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ช…์‹œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:27
And so then everybody can measure everyone's ideas
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์„œ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง์›์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ
23:30
and the policies of that workplace based on that document.
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์ผํ„ฐ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:36
And I think that that could begin the process of transformation.
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์ด ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:40
I also think it's critically important
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์œผ๋กœ
23:44
for workplaces to not only diversify their staff
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์ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์ง์›๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ธ‰ ์ž„์›๋“ค ๋˜ํ•œ
23:51
but diversify their upper administration.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ธ์ข…์—์„œ ์ฑ„์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:55
And I think that's absolutely critical as well.
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์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:02
CS: We have some more questions coming in from the audience.
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ํด๋กœ์ด: ์‹œ์ฒญ์ž ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:05
We have one from Melissa Mahoney,
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๋ฉœ๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ ๋งˆํ˜ธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:09
who is asking, "Donald Trump seems to be making supporting Black Lives Matter
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"๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋Š” ํ‘์ธ ๋ฏผ๊ถŒ ์šด๋™์„ ๋‹นํŒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ
24:14
a partisan issue,
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๋ชฐ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:15
for example making fun of Mitt Romney
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๋ฐ‹ ๋กฌ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ํ‰ํ™” ์‹œ์œ„์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ 
24:17
for participating in a peaceful protest.
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์šฐ์Šค๊ฐฏ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
24:20
How do we uncouple this to make it nonpartisan?"
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹นํŒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
24:26
IXK: Well, I mean, I think that to say the lives of black people
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์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ: ํ‘์ธ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์™ธ์นจ์„
24:32
is a Democratic declaration
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น์—๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณตํ‘œ๋กœ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
24:35
is simultaneously stating
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์ด๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์—,
24:37
that Republicans do not value black life.
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๊ณตํ™”๋‹น์ด ํ‘์ธ ์ธ๊ถŒ์„ ์ค‘์š”์‹œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:42
If that's essentially what Donald Trump is saying,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๊ฐ€ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ฉด
24:46
if he's stating
452
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ์•ฝ
24:49
that there's a problem with marching for black lives,
453
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ํ‘์ธ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ–‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
24:54
then what is the solution?
454
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๋Œ€์•ˆ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
24:56
The solution is not marching. What's the other alternative?
455
1496042
3517
๋Œ€์•ˆ์€ ํ–‰์ง„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:59
The other alternative is not marching for black lives.
456
1499583
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์ฆ‰ ํ‘์ธ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ–‰์ง„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:02
The other alternative is not caring when black people die of police violence
457
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ํ‘์ธ์ด ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์˜ ํญ๋ ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜์— ํฌ์ƒ ๋‹นํ•ด๋„
25:06
or COVID.
458
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์‹ ๊ฒฝ์“ฐ์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:07
And so to me, the way in which we make this a nonpartisan issue
459
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹นํŒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
25:14
is to strike back
460
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์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
25:16
or argue back in that way,
461
1516375
1934
๋…ผ๋ฐ•ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:18
and obviously Republicans are going to claim
462
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๊ณตํ™”๋‹น ์ง€์ง€์ž๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ 
25:21
they're not saying that,
463
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์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
25:22
but it's a very simple thing:
464
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๋ฌด์ฒ™ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
25:24
either you believe black lives matter
465
1524375
2101
ํ‘์ธ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
25:26
or you don't,
466
1526500
1309
๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:27
and if you believe black lives matter
467
1527833
1851
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ‘์ธ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ 
25:29
because you believe in human rights,
468
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2726
์ธ๊ถŒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
25:32
then you believe in the human right for black people and all people to live
469
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4935
ํ‘์ธ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์‚ด ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์™€
25:37
and to not have to fear police violence
470
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์˜ ํญ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์™€
25:40
and not have to fear the state
471
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๋งํ•  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์™€
25:43
and not have to fear that a peaceful protest
472
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2810
ํ‰ํ™” ์‹œ์œ„๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์‚ฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„
25:46
is going to be broken up
473
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๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฏฟ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
25:48
because some politician wants to get a campaign op,
474
1548125
3351
์–ด๋–ค ์ •์น˜์ธ์€ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ ์ž‘์ „์„ ์›ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
25:51
then you're going to institute policy that shows it.
475
1551500
3434
์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
25:54
Or, you're not.
476
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ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:59
WPR: So I want to ask a question
477
1559250
2101
ํœ˜ํŠธ๋‹ˆ: ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:01
just about how people can think about anti-racism
478
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
26:04
and how they can actually bring this into their lives.
479
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์‚ถ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”.
26:07
I imagine that a lot of folks,
480
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
26:10
they hear this and they're like,
481
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์ด ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ 
26:12
oh, you know, I have to be really thoughtful
482
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2184
์ž๊ธฐ ๋ง๊ณผ ํ–‰๋™์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”์ง€
26:14
about how my actions and my words
483
1574208
3476
๋งŽ์€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ ์จ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ 
26:17
are perceived.
484
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:19
What is the perceived intention behind what it is that I'm saying,
485
1579000
3226
๋งํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ด๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋‚จ์ด ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์“ฐ๋ ค๋ฉด
26:22
and that that may feel exhausting,
486
1582250
2476
๋ฌด์ฒ™ ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:24
and I think that connects even to this idea of policy.
487
1584750
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์ •์ฑ…์—๋„ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:27
And so I'm curious.
488
1587458
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
26:28
There is a huge element of thoughtfulness
489
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์‚ฌ๋ ค ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€
26:31
that comes along
490
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๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฃผ์˜์ž์˜ ์—ญํ• ์—
26:32
with this work of being anti-racist.
491
1592333
2018
๋”ฐ๋ผ์˜จ๋‹ค ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
26:34
And what is your reaction and response to those who feel concerned
492
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์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž๊ธฐ ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋‚จ์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ์น ์ง€
26:39
about the mental exhaustion from having to constantly think
493
1599333
4893
๊ณ„์† ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์ •์‹ ์  ํ”ผ๋กœ๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
26:44
about how your actions may hurt or harm others?
494
1604250
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์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์–ธํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
26:50
IXK: So I think part of the concern that people have about mental exhaustion
495
1610083
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์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ: ์ •์‹ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์น˜๋Š” ์ด์œ  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
26:57
is this idea
496
1617208
2560
์•„๋งˆ๋„
26:59
that they don't ever want to make a mistake,
497
1619792
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์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ ค ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:03
and I think to be anti-racist
498
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ ค๋ฉด
27:08
is to make mistakes,
499
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2101
์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ €์งˆ๋Ÿฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
27:11
and is to recognize when we make a mistake.
500
1631000
5226
๊ทธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž˜๋ชป์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:16
For us, what's critical is to have those very clear definitions
501
1636250
4476
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ์ƒ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:20
so that we can assess our words,
502
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์ด ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
27:24
we can assess our deeds,
503
1644708
1935
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„ ๋˜ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:26
and when we make a mistake, we just own up to it and say,
504
1646667
2726
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ €์ง€๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:29
"You know what, that was a racist idea."
505
1649417
2476
"๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋‚ด ํ–‰๋™์€ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์  ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด์—ˆ์–ด."
27:31
"You know what, I was supporting a racist policy, but I'm going to change."
506
1651917
4184
"๋‚˜๋Š” ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€”๊ฑฐ์•ผ."
27:36
The other thing I think is important for us to realize
507
1656125
4893
๊ผญ ์ธ์‹ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์†Œ๋Š”
27:41
is in many ways
508
1661042
3309
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ
27:44
we are addicted,
509
1664375
1934
์ค‘๋…๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋กœ,
27:46
and when I say we, individuals and certainly this country,
510
1666333
4185
์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ, ๊ฐœ์ธ๋“ค ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŠนํžˆ ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€
27:50
is addicted to racism,
511
1670542
2851
์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์— ์ค‘๋…๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
27:53
and that's one of the reasons why
512
1673417
3476
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ค‘๋…๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
27:56
for so many people they're just in denial.
513
1676917
2767
์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:59
People usually deny their addictions.
514
1679708
4143
์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ค‘๋…์„ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:03
But then, once we realize that we have this addiction,
515
1683875
3875
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘๋…๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€
28:09
everyone who has been addicted,
516
1689208
2101
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ค‘๋…์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
28:11
you know, you talk to friends and family members
517
1691333
2476
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ๋‚จ์šฉ ์ค‘๋…์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜๋Š”
28:13
who are overcoming an addiction to substance abuse,
518
1693833
3685
์นœ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
28:17
they're not going to say
519
1697542
1726
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ค‘๋…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ ค๊ณ 
28:19
that they're just healed,
520
1699292
2392
๊ทธ์ € ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ 
28:21
that they don't have to think about this regularly.
521
1701708
3976
์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:25
You know, someone who is overcoming alcoholism
522
1705708
3435
์•Œ์ฝœ ์ค‘๋…์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:29
is going to say, "You know what, this is a day-by-day process,
523
1709167
4184
"์ด๊ฑด ๋งค์ผ ๋งค์ผ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด๊ณ 
28:33
and I take it day by day
524
1713375
3268
๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜
28:36
and moment by moment,
525
1716667
1892
๋งค ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด.
28:38
and yes, it's difficult
526
1718583
3893
๋ฌผ๋ก , ์Šค์Šค๋กœ
28:42
to restrain myself
527
1722500
3976
์ค‘๋…๋œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์†๋Œ€์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก
28:46
from reverting back to what I'm addicted to,
528
1726500
3143
์–ต์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต์ง€๋งŒ,
28:49
but at the same time it's liberating,
529
1729667
1934
์ด๋Š” ์†๋ฐ•์„ ํ‘ธ๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ž
28:51
it's freeing,
530
1731625
2143
์ž์œ ๋กœ์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
28:53
because I'm no longer having to wallow in that addiction.
531
1733792
3392
๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ทธ ์ค‘๋…์— ๋น ์ ธ ์‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋˜๊ณ 
28:57
And so I think, and I'm no longer having to hurt people
532
1737208
4185
์ค‘๋… ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ผ๋„
29:01
due to my addiction."
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์—†์„ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ."
29:02
And I think that's critical.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:04
We spend too much time thinking about how we feel
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ž ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์ด ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
29:09
and less time thinking about how our actions and ideas make others feel.
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์ž๊ธฐ ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋‚จ์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๋œ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:13
And I think that's one thing that the George Floyd video
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์กฐ์ง€ ํ”Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ์˜์ƒ์€
29:17
forced Americans to do
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ
29:19
was to really see and hear, especially,
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
29:23
how someone feels
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š”์ง€
29:25
as a result of their racism.
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:31
CS: We have another question from the audience.
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ํด๋กœ์ด: ์‹œ์ฒญ์ž ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:35
This one is asking about,
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
29:37
"Can you speak to the intersectionality
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"๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์™€ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜
29:39
between the work of anti-racism, feminism and gay rights?
545
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์„ฑ์• ์ž ์ธ๊ถŒ ์šด๋™ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ต์ฐจ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
29:43
How does the work of anti-racism relate and affect the work
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๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธ๊ถŒ ์šด๋™๊ณผ
29:46
of these other human rights issues?"
547
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜๊ณ  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋‚˜์š”?
29:50
IXK: Sure.
548
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์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ: ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:51
So I define a racist idea
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์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ธ์ข… ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธ์ข… ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณด๋‹ค
29:55
as any idea that suggests a racial group is superior
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์šฐ์›”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์—ด๋“ฑํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„
30:01
or inferior to another racial group in any way.
551
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์  ์ƒ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:04
And I use the term racial group
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ์ข…์  ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ
30:07
as opposed to race
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์ธ์ข…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด ๋Œ€์‹  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
30:09
because every race is a collection of racialized intersectional groups,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ์ข…์€ ์ธ์ข…์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ต์ฐจํ•˜๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ฉฐ
30:16
and so you have black women and black men
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์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ‘์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ‘์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜๊ณ 
30:19
and you have black heterosexuals and black queer people,
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ํ‘์ธ ์ด์„ฑ์• ์ž์™€ ํ‘์ธ ์„ฑ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ž๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋ฉฐ
30:24
just as you have Latinx women and white women and Asian men,
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๋ผํ‹ด๊ณ„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„์‹œ์•„์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:30
and what's critical for us to understand
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์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€
30:33
is there hasn't just been racist ideas
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ๋Š๋ƒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
30:37
that have targeted, let's say, black people.
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ํ‘์ธ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:40
There has been racist ideas that have been developed
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ํ‘์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•œ
30:42
and have targeted black women,
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ์ƒ๊ฐ์€
30:44
that have targeted black lesbians,
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ํ‘์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ๋™์„ฑ์• ์ž๋„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰ํ•ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ
30:47
that have targeted black transgender women.
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ํ‘์ธ ํŠธ๋žœ์Šค์  ๋” ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:50
And oftentimes these racist ideas targeting these intersectional groups
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์ข…์ข… ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ต์ฐจ์  ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ๋Š” ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ์ƒ๊ฐ์€
30:56
are intersecting with other forms of bigotry
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ๋Š”
30:58
that is also targeting these groups.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์‹ฌํ•œ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:01
To give an example about black women,
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ํ‘์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด
31:03
one of the oldest racist ideas about black women
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ํ‘์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ์ƒ๊ฐ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
31:08
was this idea that they're inferior women
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ํ‘์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์—ด๋“ฑํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
31:10
or that they're not even women at all,
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์กฐ์ฐจ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ
31:13
and that they're inferior to white women,
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ํ‘์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐฑ์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ์—ด๋“ฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
31:16
who are the pinnacle of womanhood.
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๋ฐฑ์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:20
And that idea has intersected
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ์„ฑ์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ
31:23
with this sexist idea
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๊ต์ฐจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:25
that suggests that women are weak,
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์„ฑ์ฐจ๋ณ„์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์•ฝํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
31:28
that the more weak a person is, a woman is, the more woman she is,
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์—ฐ์•ฝํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
31:33
and the stronger a woman is, the more masculine she is.
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๊ฐ•์ธํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋…”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:39
These two ideas have intersected
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ๊ต์ฐจํ•ด์™”๊ณ 
31:42
to constantly degrade black women
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๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ ์ธ ํ‘์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€
31:47
as this idea of the strong, black masculine woman
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์—ฐ์•ฝํ•œ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์—ด๋“ฑํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ 
31:52
who is inferior to the weak, white woman.
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๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ํ‘์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋น„ํ•˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:57
And so the only way to really understand these constructs
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์—ฐ์•ฝํ•œ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ
32:00
of a weak, superfeminine white woman
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ•์ธํ•œ ํ‘์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š”
32:04
and a strong, hypermasculine black woman
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ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
32:07
is to understand sexist ideas,
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์„ฑ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ 
32:10
is to reject sexist ideas,
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์„ฑ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์  ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:13
and I'll say very quickly, the same goes for the intersection
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์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„๊ณผ ๋™์„ฑ์•  ํ˜์˜ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๊ต์ฐจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
32:16
of racism and homophobia,
589
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์งš๊ณ  ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:18
in which black queer people have been subjected to this idea
590
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ํ‘์ธ ์„ฑ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์€
32:22
that they are more hypersexual
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ์š•์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ
32:25
because there's this idea of queer people
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์„ฑ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด์„ฑ์• ์ž ๋ณด๋‹ค
32:28
as being more hypersexual than heterosexuals.
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๋†’์€ ์„ฑ์š•์„ ์ง€๋…”๋‹ค๋Š” ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:31
And so black queer people have been tagged
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ‘์ธ ์„ฑ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ
32:33
as more hypersexual than white queer people
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๋ฐฑ์ธ ์„ฑ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ž์™€ ํ‘์ธ ์ด์„ฑ์• ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ณผ์ž‰๋œ ์„ฑ์š•์„ ์ง€๋…”๋‹ค๋Š”
32:37
and black heterosexuals.
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๊ผฌ๋ฆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:39
And you can't really see that and understand that and reject that
597
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๋™์„ฑ์•  ๊ณตํฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋„์ „ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ
32:44
if you're not rejecting and understanding and challenging homophobia too.
598
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ๋„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:50
WPR: And to this point of challenging,
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ํœ˜ํŠธ๋‹ˆ: ๋„์ „๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ
32:52
we have another question from Maryam Mohit in our community,
600
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๋งˆ๋ผ์–Œ ๋ชจํžˆํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:55
who asks, "How do you see cancel culture and anti-racism interacting.
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"์ง€์ง€ ์ฒ ํšŒ ๋ฌธํ™”์™€ ๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฐ„ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”.
32:59
For example, when someone did something obviously racist in the past
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๊ฐ€๋ น, ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ „์— ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
33:03
and it comes to light?"
603
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€๋ฉด
33:06
How do we respond to that?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?"
33:07
IXK: Wow.
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์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ: ์™€์šฐ.
33:08
So I think it's very, very complex.
606
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๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:12
I do obviously encourage people
607
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
33:17
to transform themselves,
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋„๋ก,
33:19
to change, to admit those times in which they were being racist,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž์˜€์Œ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋…๋ คํ•˜๊ณ 
33:24
and so obviously we as a community
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ๋กœ์„œ
33:28
have to give people that ability to do that.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ธ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:31
We can't, when someone admits that they were being racist,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์ •ํ•  ๋•Œ
33:37
we can't immediately obviously cancel them.
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์ฆ‰์‹œ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฒ ํšŒํ•  ์ˆœ ์—†๊ฒ ์ฃ .
33:40
But I also think
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
33:43
that there are people
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์„ธ์ƒ์—๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์ง€๋…ํ•œ ์ง“์„ ํ•˜๋Š”
33:46
who do something so egregious
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
33:49
and there are people who are so unwilling
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๊ทธ ํ–‰๋™์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ง€๋…ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€
33:54
to recognize how egregious what they just did is,
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๊นจ๋‹ฌ์œผ๋ ค ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:59
so in a particular moment,
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ํŠน์ • ์ˆœ๊ฐ„
34:01
so not just the horrible, vicious act,
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๋”์ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์•…๋ž„ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
34:05
but then on top of that
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ํ–‰๋™ ์ด์ „์—
34:07
the refusal to even admit the horrible, vicious act.
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๊ทธ ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋”์ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์•…๋ž„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:13
In that case, I could see how people would literally want to cancel them,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ผ๋ฉด, ์ €๋Š” ์–ด์งธ์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฒ ํšŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
34:19
and I think that we have to,
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๋งˆ๋•…ํžˆ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:24
on the other hand,
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด,
34:25
we have to have some sort of consequence,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:29
public consequence, cultural consequence,
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๊ณต๊ณต ์ฐจ์›๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ
34:32
for people acting in a racist manner,
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๋กœ์„œ ํ–‰๋™ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด,
34:34
especially in an extremely egregious way.
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ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
34:37
And for many people, they've decided,
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
34:39
you know what, I'm just going to cancel folks.
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์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฒ ํšŒํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:41
And I'm not going to necessarily critique them,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์˜๋„๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
34:44
but I do think we should try to figure out a way
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ
34:46
to discern those who are refusing
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜
34:52
to transform themselves
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์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์„
34:54
and those who made a mistake and recognized it
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๋ณ€๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋„๋ก
34:57
and truly are committed to transforming themselves.
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๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:04
CS: Yeah, I mean,
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ํด๋กœ์ด: ์ €๋„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:05
one of the concerns many activists have been expressing
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์‹œ๋ฏผ ์šด๋™๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ ค ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
35:08
is that the energy behind the Black Lives Matter movement
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๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
35:11
has to stay high
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ํ‘์ธ ๋ฏผ๊ถŒ ์šด๋™์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€
35:13
for anti-racist change to truly take place.
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๋†’๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:15
I think that applies to what you just said as well.
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์ด ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:19
And I guess I'm curious what your opinion is
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:21
on when the protests start to wane
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์‹œ์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ ์ฐจ ์‹œ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
35:24
and people's donation-matching campaigns fade into the background,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ๋ถ€๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋Š” ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์ด ์ ์ฐจ ํฌ๋ฏธํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด
35:28
how can we all ensure that this conversation
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ์‚ผ๋Š”
35:30
about anti-racism stays central?
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๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ง€์†ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
35:35
IXK: Sure.
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์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ: ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:37
So in "How to Be an Antiracist,"
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์ œ ์ฑ… "๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•"์˜
35:39
in one of the final chapters,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์žฅ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์—
35:41
is this chapter called "Failure."
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"์‹คํŒจ"๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ถ™์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:44
I talked about what I call feelings advocacy,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์ • ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
35:48
and this is people feeling bad about what's happening,
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๊ฐ์ • ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ์†์ƒํ•ด ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:55
what happened to George Floyd
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์กฐ์ง€ ํ”Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๊ณผ
35:57
or what happened to Ahmaud Arbery or what happened to Breonna Taylor.
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์•„๋ฌด๋“œ ์•„๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด, ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์˜ค๋‚˜ ํ…Œ์ผ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด.
36:02
They just feel bad about this country and where this country is headed.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ž์ฒด์™€ ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ•ญ์— ์†์ด ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:07
And so the way they go about feeling better
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ž˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
36:11
is by coming to a demonstration.
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์‹œ์œ„์— ๊ฐ€๋‹ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:15
The way they go about feeling better
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์‹œ์œ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋‚˜์•„์ง€๋ฉฐ
36:17
is by donating to a particular organization.
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ํŠน์ • ๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ๋ˆ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋‚˜์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:20
The way they go about feeling better
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๊ธฐ๋ถ„์„ ๋‚˜์•„์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ 
36:23
is reading a book.
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์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:24
And so if this is what many Americans are doing,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์ € ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฐธ์—ฌ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
36:30
then once they feel better,
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๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋‚˜์•„์ง„ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„,
36:33
in other words once the individual feels better through their participation
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๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋งํ•ด, ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ๋…์„œ ๋ชจ์ž„์ด๋‚˜ ์‹œ์œ„
36:37
in book clubs or demonstrations
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ํ˜น์€ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์—ฌ
36:42
or donation campaigns,
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์†์ƒํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ํ’€๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด,
36:44
then nothing is going to change except, what, their own feelings.
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๋ณธ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„ ๋ง๊ณ ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:48
And so we need to move past our feelings.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:52
And this isn't to say that people shouldn't feel bad,
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์œ ๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
36:55
but we should use our feelings,
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๊ฐ์ •์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
36:58
how horrible we feel about what is going on,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์‚ฌํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๋”์ฐํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์„
37:03
to put into place, put into practice,
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ํ˜„์žฅ์— ๋‹ด๊ณ , ์‹ค์ฒœ์— ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์„œ
37:07
anti-racist power and policies.
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๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๊ทธ ์ •์ฑ…์— ํž˜์„ ๋ณดํƒœ์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:11
In other words, our feelings should be driving us.
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๊ฐ์ •์€ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ด๋„๋Š” ๋™๋ ฅ์ด ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:15
They shouldn't be the end all.
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๊ฐ์ • ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ๋๋‚˜์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:17
This should not be about making us feel better.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์„ ํ’€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:20
This should be about transforming this country,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
37:23
and we need to keep our eyes on transforming this country,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ์ฃผ์‹œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:27
because if we don't,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
37:29
then once people feel better after this is all over,
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๋๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋‚˜์•„์ง„ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„
37:32
then we'll be back to the same situation of being horrified by another video,
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์˜์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
37:37
and then feeling bad,
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๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์–ธ์งข์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
37:39
and then the cycle will only continue.
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๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋  ๋ฟ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:44
WPR: You know, I think when we think about
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ํœ˜ํŠธ๋‹ˆ: ๊ฐ€๋ น,
37:46
what sort of changes we can implement
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์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•ด์•ผ
37:48
and how we could make the system work better,
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์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ 
37:50
make our governments work better,
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์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ผ์„ ์ž˜ ํ•˜๊ณ 
37:52
make our police work better,
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ๋” ์ผ์„ ์ž˜ ํ• ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋‹ค ๋ณด๋ฉด
37:55
are there models in other countries
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:58
where -- obviously the history in the United States is really unique
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์ธ์ข…๊ณผ ํƒ„์••์— ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด
38:01
in terms of thinking about race and oppression.
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๋ฌด์ฒ™ ๋…์ž์ ์ธ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:04
But when you look to other nations and other cultures,
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์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€ ๋ฌธํ™”๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
38:08
are there other models that you look at as examples
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ์ ์šฉํ• ๋งŒํ•œ
38:11
that we could potentially implement here?
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์ข‹์€ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
38:17
IXK: I mean, there are so many.
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์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ: ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:20
There are countries in which police officers don't wear weapons.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด€์ด ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ.
38:26
There are countries
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์–ด๋–ค ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š”
38:29
who have more people than the United States
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ง€๋งŒ
38:34
but less prisoners.
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์ˆ˜๊ฐ์ž๋Š” ๋” ์ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:37
There are countries
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์–ด๋–ค ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š”
38:38
who try to fight violent crime
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ํญ๋ ฅ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
38:42
not with more police and prisons
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์˜ฅ ๋Œ€์‹ 
38:44
but with more jobs and more opportunities,
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
38:47
because they know and see that the communities
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๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ํญ๋ ฅ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€
38:51
with the highest levels of violent crime
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์ง€์—ญ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์— ๋†’์€ ๋นˆ๊ณค๊ณผ
38:54
tend to be communities with high levels of poverty
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์žฅ๊ธฐ ์‹ค์—…๋ฅ  ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„
38:57
and long-term unemployment.
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์•Œ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:01
I think that --
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š”
39:03
And then, obviously,
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ
39:04
other countries provide pretty sizable social safety nets for people
712
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์•ˆ์ „๋ง์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ
39:10
such that people are not committing crimes out of poverty,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋นˆ๊ณคํ•จ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋ฅผ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
39:14
such that people are not committing crimes out of despair.
714
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์ ˆ๋ง๊ฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋ฅผ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋•์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:19
And so I think that it's critically important for us
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์ด๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
39:23
to first and foremost
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„
39:25
think through, OK, if there's nothing wrong with the people,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด
39:30
then how can we go about reducing police violence?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ ํญ๋ ฅ์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:34
How can we go about reducing racial health inequities?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ์ธ์ข…์  ๋ณด๊ฑด ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ์ค„์ผ์ง€.
39:38
What policies can we change? What policies have worked?
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์–ด๋–ค ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€. ์–ด๋–ค ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€.
39:42
These are the types of questions we need to be asking,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:46
because there's never really been anything wrong with the people.
722
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์ž˜๋ชป๋„ ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:52
CS: In your "Atlantic" piece
723
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ํด๋กœ์ด: ์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ์€ "์• ํ‹€๋žœํ‹ฑ" ์ง€์—
39:54
called "Who Gets To Be Afraid in America," you wrote,
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"๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์— ๋– ๋Š”๊ฐ€?"๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๊ณ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
39:56
"What I am, a black male, should not matter.
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"๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ‘์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค.
39:59
Who I am should matter."
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค."๊ณ  ์“ฐ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:01
And I feel that's kind of what you're saying,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ์ด
40:03
that in other places maybe that's more possible,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์‹  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:06
and I'm curious when you imagine
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋จผ์ €
40:09
a country in which who you are mattered first,
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๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ๋•Œ
40:12
what does that look like?
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๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์ผ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:16
IXK: Well, what it looks like for me as a black American
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์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ: ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ‘์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ
40:20
is that people do not view me as dangerous
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ €๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
40:26
and thereby make my existence dangerous.
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์ œ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:29
It allows me to walk around this country
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ธ์‹ ๋•๋ถ„์— ์ €๋Š” ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ
40:35
and to not believe that people are going to fear me
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๋‚จ๋“ค์ด ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ƒ‰ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ €๋ฅผ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ 
40:38
because of the color my skin.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:40
It allows me to believe, you know what,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ €๋Š”
40:42
I didn't get that job because I could have done better on my interview,
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์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋†“์นœ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉด์ ‘์—์„œ ๋” ๋ถ„๋ฐœํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€
40:46
not because of the color of my skin.
740
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ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ƒ‰ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:48
It allows me to --
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ €๋Š”,
40:51
a country where there's racial equity,
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์ธ์ข… ํ‰๋“ฑ์ด ์‹คํ˜„๋œ ๋‚˜๋ผ,
40:53
a country where there's racial justice,
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์ธ์ข…์  ์ •์˜๊ฐ€ ์‹คํ˜„๋œ ๋‚˜๋ผ,
40:56
you know, a country where there's shared opportunity,
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๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ์‚ด๊ณ ,
41:00
a country where African American culture and Native American culture
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๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ ๋ฌธํ™”์™€ ๋ถ๋ฏธ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ ๋ฌธํ™”,
41:06
and the cultures of Mexican Americans
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๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ ๋ฌธํ™”,
41:10
and Korean Americans are all valued equally,
747
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ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ ๋ฌธํ™” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋™๋“ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฉฐ
41:14
that no one is being asked to assimilate into white American culture.
748
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋ฌธํ™”์— ๋™ํ™”๋˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”๊ตฌ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:20
There's no such thing as standard professional wear.
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ์—๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ์ง ์ข…์‚ฌ์ž ํ‘œ์ค€ ๋ณต์žฅ ๋”ฐ์œ„๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ
41:24
There's no such thing as, well, you need to learn how to speak English
750
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
41:28
in order to be an American.
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๋ฐฐ์šธ ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:30
And we would truly not only have equity and justice for all
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๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ •์˜ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
41:36
but we would somehow have found a way
753
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š”
41:39
to appreciate difference,
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฐพ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ,
41:43
to appreciate all of the human ethnic and cultural difference
755
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฏผ์กฑ ์ „ํ†ต๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ฐจ์ด ๋˜ํ•œ
41:48
that exists in the United States.
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์ธ์ •ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:50
This is what could make this country great,
757
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ 
41:54
in which we literally become a country
758
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๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋˜์–ด ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:58
where you could literally travel around this country
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๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฐฉ๊ณก๊ณก ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
42:02
and learn about cultures from all over the world
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ชจ์ธ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ 
42:05
and appreciate those cultures,
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๊ทธ ๋ฌธํ™”์— ๊ฐํƒ„ํ•˜๊ณ 
42:06
and understand even your own culture
762
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ถŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
42:09
from what other people are doing.
763
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์ž๊ธฐ ๋ฌธํ™”๋„ ๋” ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:13
There's so much beauty here amid all this pain
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณ ํ†ต ์†์—๋„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ์—
42:17
and I just want to peel away
765
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋”ฑ์ง€๋ฅผ
42:19
and remove away
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๊ทธ์ € ๋ฒ—๊ฒจ๋‚ด์–ด
42:22
all of those scabs of racist policies
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์—†์• ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:25
so that people can heal
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ 
42:27
and so that we can see true beauty.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:32
WPR: And Ibram, when you think about this moment,
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ํœ˜ํŠธ๋‹ˆ: ์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ
42:35
where do you see that on the spectrum of progress
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์œผ๋กœ
42:37
towards reaching that true beauty?
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๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
42:42
IXK: Well, I think, for me,
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์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ: ์ €๋Š”
42:43
I always see progress and resistance in demonstrations
774
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์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์ง‘ํšŒ ์†์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋ฉฐ
42:49
and know just because people are calling from town squares
775
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ด‘์žฅ๊ณผ ์‹œ์ฒญ์—์„œ
42:54
and from city halls
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์™ธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„
42:56
for progressive, systemic change that that change is here,
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ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ์ฒด๊ณ„์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:02
but people are calling
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์™ธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:03
and people are calling in small towns, in big cities,
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์ž‘์€ ๋งˆ์„๊ณผ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ
43:07
and people are calling from places we've heard of
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์™€
43:10
and places we need to have heard of.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ๋งˆ๋•…ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ์™ธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:12
People are calling for change, and people are fed up.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์™ธ์น˜๋ฉฐ, ํ™”๋„ ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:15
I mean, we're living in a time
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•œ ์ด ์‹œ๋Œ€์—๋Š”
43:17
in which we're facing a viral pandemic,
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๊ฐ์ข… ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์ด ์œ ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:20
a racial pandemic within that viral pandemic
785
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์„ฑ ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์— ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ธ์ข…์  ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์—๋„ ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜์—ฌ
43:23
of people of color disproportionately being infected and dying,
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์œ ์ƒ‰์ธ์ข…์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
43:27
even an economic pandemic
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
43:29
with over 40 million Americans having lost their jobs,
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด 4์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋„˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ด ์ง์—…์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
43:35
and certainly this pandemic of police violence,
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ํญ๋ ฅ์„ ํœ˜๋‘๋ฅด๋Š” ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•˜์—ฌ
43:39
and then people demonstrating against police violence
790
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ ํญ๋ ฅ์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒŒ์ด๋Š”๋ฐ
43:42
only to suffer police violence at demonstrations.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‹œ์œ„ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ ํญ๋ ฅ์— ๊ณ ํ†ต ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:45
I mean, people see there's a fundamental problem here,
792
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ทผ์›์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
43:49
and there's a problem that can be solved.
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:52
There's an America that can be created,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:54
and people are calling for this,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹œ์œ„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
43:56
and that is always the beginning.
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์ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์‹œ์ž‘์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:58
The beginning is what we're experiencing now.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฒดํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:03
CS: I think that this next audience question
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ํด๋กœ์ด: ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹œ์ฒญ์ž ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
44:05
follows well from that, which is,
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๊ด€๋ จ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:08
"What gives you hope right now?"
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"์–ด๋””์—์„œ ํฌ๋ง์„ ๋Š๋ผ์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?"
44:12
IXK: So certainly resistance to racism has always given me hope,
801
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์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ: ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์— ์ €ํ•ญํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ํฌ๋ง์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
44:18
and so even if, let's say,
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2809
๊ฐ€๋ น, ์œก ๊ฐœ์›” ์ „
44:21
six months ago we were not in a time in which almost every night
803
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋งค์ผ ๋ฐค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
44:25
all over this country people were demonstrating against racism,
804
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ „์—ญ์—์„œ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•ด ์‹œ์œ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋˜ ์‹œ์ ˆ์—๋„
44:29
but I could just look to history
805
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ €ํ•ญํ•ด์˜จ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„
44:32
when people were resisting.
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ํฌ๋ง์„ ๋Š๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:33
And so resistance always brings me hope,
807
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์ €ํ•ญ์€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ํฌ๋ง์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:37
because it is always resistance,
808
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ €ํ•ญ์€
44:41
and of course it's stormy,
809
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ํญํ’์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
44:42
but the rainbow is typically on the other side.
810
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ํญํ’์ด ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋ฌด์ง€๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:45
But I also receive hope philosophically,
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๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ฒ ํ•™์ ์ธ ํฌ๋ง๋„ ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:50
because I know that in order to bring about change,
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๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฏฟ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„
44:53
we have to believe in change.
813
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์•Œ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:55
There's just no way a change maker can be cynical.
814
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๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:59
It's impossible.
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๋ƒ‰์†Œ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:00
So I know I have to believe in change
816
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
45:03
in order to bring it about.
817
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๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฏฟ์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:09
WPR: And we have another question here
818
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ํœ˜ํŠธ๋‹ˆ: ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
45:12
which addresses some of the things you talked about before
819
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๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ
45:15
in terms of the structural change that we need to bring about.
820
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2934
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Œ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:18
From Maryam Mohit: "In terms of putting into practice the transformative policies,
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๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•” ๋ชจํžˆํŠธ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ •์ฑ… ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ,
45:22
is then the most important thing to loudly vote the right people
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
45:25
into office at every level who can make those structural changes happen?"
823
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
45:32
IXK: So I think that that is part of it.
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์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ: ํˆฌํ‘œ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:34
I certainly think we should vote into office
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๋ถ„๋ช… ๊ต์œก ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€
45:40
people who, from school boards to the President of the United States,
826
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ณต์ง์— ์„ ์ถœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:45
people who are committed
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๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฃผ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ 
45:47
to instituting anti-racist policies
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๊ณตํ‰์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋„๋Š”
45:51
that lead to equity and justice,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ฝ‘์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:56
and I think that that's critically important,
830
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
45:59
but I don't think
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์„ ์ถœํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ๊ฐ€
46:02
that we should think that that's the only thing we should be focused on
832
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์‹ค์ฒœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ
46:07
or the only thing that we should be doing.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:10
And there are institutions,
834
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์ •๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŒํผ
46:14
there are neighborhoods
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์ด์›ƒ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
46:16
that need to be transformed,
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์ด์›ƒ๋“ค ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
46:18
that are to a certain extent
837
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์ผ์ • ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:19
outside of the purview of a policymaker
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์„ ์ถœ๋œ ์ •์น˜์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค
46:24
who is an elected official.
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๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
46:26
There are administrators and CEOs and presidents
840
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์ž„์›์ด๋‚˜ CEO๋‚˜ ํšŒ์žฅ ๋ชจ๋‘
46:30
who have the power to transform policies
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๊ฐ์ž ์˜์—ญ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ
46:34
within their spheres, within their institutions,
842
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์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ํž˜์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
46:37
and so we should be focused there.
843
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋„ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:39
The last thing I'll say about voting is,
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ํˆฌํ‘œ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋ง์€
46:41
I wrote a series of pieces for "The Atlantic" early this year
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์˜ฌํ•ด ์ดˆ "์• ํ‹€๋žœํ‹ฑ"์ง€์—
46:45
that sought to get Americans thinking about who I call
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์ œ๊ฐ€ "๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋™ํ‘œ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ช…๋ช…ํ•œ
46:50
"the other swing voter,"
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธ€์„ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:52
and not the traditional swing voter who swings from Republican to Democrat
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๊ณตํ™”๋‹น๊ณผ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ๋„˜๋‚˜๋“œ๋Š” ๊ณ ์—ฐ๋ น๋Œ€ ๋ฐฑ์ธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
46:58
who are primarily older and white.
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์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋™ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
47:01
I'm talking about the people who swing from voting Democrat
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น์— ํˆฌํ‘œํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ด์ œ ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ „ํ˜€ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
47:06
to not voting at all.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:08
And these people are typically younger
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ Š๊ณ 
47:11
and they're typically people of color,
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์œ ์ƒ‰์ธ์ข…์ด ๋งŽ์ง€๋งŒ
47:13
but they're especially young people of color,
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ Š์€ ์œ ์ƒ‰์ธ์ข…์œผ๋กœ
47:15
especially young black and Latinx Americans.
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์ Š์€ ํ‘์ธ๊ณผ ๋ผํ‹ด๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์„ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:18
And so we should view these people,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋“ค์„ ๋…ธ๋ ค์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:22
these young, black and Latino voters
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์ Š์€ ํ‘์ธ๊ณผ ๋ผํ‹ด๊ณ„ ํˆฌํ‘œ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์ด
47:25
who are trying to decide whether to vote as swing voters
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์–ด๋””์— ํˆฌํ‘œํ• ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋™ํ‘œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
47:30
in the way we view these people
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ํˆฌํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
47:33
who are trying to decide between whether to vote for, let's say,
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์–ด๋””์— ํˆฌํ‘œํ• ์ง€, ์ด์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋ฅผ ์ฐ์„์ง€
47:36
Trump or Biden in the general election.
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๋ฐ”์ด๋“ ์„ ์ฐ์„์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•  ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:39
In other words, to view them both as swing voters
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์ฆ‰ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ€๋™ํ‘œ์ด๋‹ˆ
47:42
is to view them both in a way that, OK, we need to persuade these people.
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์–‘์ธก ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์ด๋ฉด ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:47
They're not political cattle.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฐ€์ถ•์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:49
We're not just going to turn them out.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์–ด๋Š ํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:51
We need to encourage and persuade them,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋…๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ค๋“ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
47:54
and then we also for these other swing voters
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ€๋™ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
47:56
need to make it easier for them to vote,
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๋” ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํˆฌํ‘œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:59
and typically these young people of color, it's the hardest for them to vote
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ Š์€ ์œ ์ƒ‰์ธ์ข…๋“ค์€ ํˆฌํ‘œ์ž ์–ต์•• ์ •์ฑ… ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
48:04
because of voter suppression policies.
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์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ถŒ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:09
CS: Thank you, Ibram.
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ํด๋กœ์ด: ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ์”จ.
48:11
Well, we're going to come to a close of this interview,
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์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
48:14
but I would love to ask you
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์š”์ฒญ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:16
to read something that you wrote
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๋ช‡ ์ผ ์ „ ์ธ์Šคํƒ€๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ์…จ๋˜
48:18
a couple of days ago on Instagram.
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๊ธ€๊ท€๋ฅผ ์ฝ์–ด์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”.
48:19
You wrote this beautiful caption
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๋ฌด์ฒ™ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ธ€์„
48:21
on a photo of your daughter,
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๋”ฐ๋‹˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:24
and I'm wondering if you'd be willing to share that with us
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๊ทธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์„
48:26
and briefly tell us how we could each take this perspective into our own lives.
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์‚ถ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:33
IXK: Sure, so yeah,
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์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ: ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:35
I posted a picture of my four-year-old daughter Imani,
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๋„ค ์‚ด ๋œ ๋”ธ์•„์ด ์ด๋งˆ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ
48:39
and in the caption I wrote,
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๊ธ€์„ ๋ง๋ถ™์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:41
"I love, and because I love, I resist.
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ €ํ•ญํ•œ๋‹ค.
48:46
There have been many theories
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๊ณต๊ณต๊ณผ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์ ์  ์ปค์ง€๋Š”
48:47
on what's fueling the growing demonstrations against racism
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์‹œ์œ„๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ค ์›๋™๋ ฅ์ด ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
48:51
in public and private.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋ก ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
48:53
Let me offer another one: love.
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๋‚˜๋„ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์ด๋‹ค.
48:56
We love.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค.
48:58
We know the lives of our loved ones,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด,
49:00
especially our black loved ones,
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ํŠนํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ‘์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด
49:02
are in danger
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์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„ ํญ๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด.
49:03
under the violence of racism.
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์œ„ํ—˜์— ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•ˆ๋‹ค.
49:06
People ask me all the time what fuels me.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ํž˜์„ ์ฃผ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌป๋Š”๋‹ค.
49:09
It is the same: love,
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๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์ด ํž˜์„ ์ค€๋‹ค.
49:12
love of this little girl,
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๋‚ด ์ž‘์€ ์•„์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘,
49:14
love of all the little and big people
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘.
49:16
who I want to live full lives
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋จ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€
49:19
in the fullness of their humanity,
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์ž‘๊ณ  ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค,
49:22
not barred by racist policies,
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„ ์ •์ฑ…์— ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ง‰ํžˆ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
49:24
not degraded by racist ideas,
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋ชจ์š•๋‹นํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
49:26
not terrorized by racist violence.
901
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„ ํญ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
49:29
Let us be anti-racist.
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๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ.
49:31
Let us defend life.
903
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์‚ถ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ.
49:34
Let us defend our human rights to live and live fully,
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์˜จ์ „ํ•œ ์‚ถ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ถŒ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ.
49:38
because we love."
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ."
49:41
And, you know, Cloe, I just wanted to sort of emphasize
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ํด๋กœ์ด, ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:44
that at the heart of being anti-racist
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๋ฐ˜์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€
49:48
is love,
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์‚ฌ๋ž‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:49
is loving one's country,
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
49:52
loving one's humanity,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์„ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
49:55
loving one's relatives and family and friends,
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์ด์›ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
49:59
and certainly loving oneself.
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์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ.
50:01
And I consider love to be a verb.
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์„ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:05
I consider love to be,
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์‚ฌ๋ž‘์ด๋ž€
50:08
I'm helping another, and even myself,
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๋‚จ์„ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋ฉฐ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๋„์™€
50:11
to constantly grow into a better form of myself,
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์ž์‹ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ
50:15
of themselves, that they've expressed who they want to be.
917
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์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€์ง€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:19
And so to love this country and to love humanity
918
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
50:22
is to push humanity constructively
919
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๋” ๊ฑด์„ค์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ๊ณ 
50:25
to be a better form of itself,
920
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญ๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:27
and there's no way we're going to be a better form,
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜๋ผ๋Š” ์กฑ์‡„๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ
50:29
there's no way we can build a better humanity,
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๊ฐœ์ธ์€ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ
50:33
while we still have on the shackles of racism.
923
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์ธ๋ฅ˜ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:38
WPR: I think that's so beautiful.
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ํœ˜ํŠธ๋‹ˆ: ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:40
I appreciate everything you've shared, Ibram.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์ฃผ์‹  ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:43
I feel like it's made it really clear this is not an easy fix. Right?
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹˜์„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:47
There is no band-aid option here
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ฎ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆด
50:50
that will make this go away, that this takes work from all of us,
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๊ฐ„ํŽธํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์€ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:54
and I really appreciate all of the honesty
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๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ์”จ์˜ ์†”์งํ•จ๊ณผ
50:57
and thoughtfulness that you've brought to this today.
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์‚ฌ๋ ค ๊นŠ์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์—๋„ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:02
IXK: You're welcome.
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์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ: ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:03
Thank you so much for having this conversation with me.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€ํ™” ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:07
CS: Thank you so much, Ibram.
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ํด๋กœ์ด: ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ.
51:09
We're really grateful to you for joining us.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:11
IXK: Thank you.
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์ด๋ธŒ๋žŒ: ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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