Where Does Your Sense of Self Come From? A Scientific Look | Anil Ananthaswamy | TED

89,471 views ・ 2023-01-23

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: IR U κ²€ν† : Hannah Choi
00:04
About a decade ago,
0
4334
2294
λŒ€λž΅ 10λ…„ μ „,
00:06
I met someone who had experienced a few episodes of schizophrenia.
1
6670
3837
μ €λŠ” μ‘°ν˜„λ³‘ 증상을 λͺ‡ μ°¨λ‘€ κ²½ν—˜ν–ˆλ˜ 뢄을 λ§Œλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:12
They had felt that their sense of self,
2
12300
2461
그듀은 μžμ•„μ˜μ‹, 즉 λ³ΈμΈμ΄λΌλŠ” 감각이
00:14
of what it feels like to be them,
3
14761
2586
00:17
changing somewhat.
4
17389
1334
λ‹€μ†Œ λ³€ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  느꼈죠.
00:19
The boundaries of their body began to feel a bit nebulous.
5
19849
3838
λ³ΈμΈλ“€μ˜ λͺΈμ˜ 경계가 μ‘°κΈˆμ”© νλ¦Ών•˜κ²Œ λŠκ»΄μ§€κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆκ³ 
00:23
Even their psychological self felt a bit porous at times.
6
23687
4880
심지어 λ•Œλ•Œλ‘  심리적 μžμ•„μ—λ„ ꡬ멍이 생긴 κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ λŠκ»΄μ‘Œλ‹€κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
They were experiencing what could be called an altered sense of self.
7
29359
4379
그듀은 λ³€μ§ˆλœ μžμ•„μ˜μ‹μ΄λΌλŠ” κ²½ν—˜μ„ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
Over the years, I met many such brave and insightful people
8
34906
4254
μˆ˜λ…„μ— 걸쳐, μ €λŠ” λ³€μ§ˆλœ μžμ•„λ‘œ μ‚΄μ•„κ°€λŠ” 것이 어떀지 이야기해 μ£Όμ‹ 
00:39
who shared what it's like to live with their altered selves.
9
39202
4129
μš©κ°ν•˜κ³  톡찰λ ₯ μžˆλŠ” 뢄듀을 많이 λ§Œλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
And by "altered," I mean "different,"
10
44332
2920
μ œκ°€ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ§ν•˜λŠ” β€œλ³€μ§ˆβ€μ€ β€œλ‹€λ₯Έβ€ μ΄λž€ λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
not "deficient,"
11
47252
1752
β€œκ²°ν•¨β€œμ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆκ³ μš”.
00:49
while acknowledging that coping with altered selves
12
49004
3587
λ™μ‹œμ— μ €λŠ” λ³€μ§ˆλœ μžμ•„μ— λŒ€ν•­ν•˜λŠ” 것이
00:52
can be a struggle at times.
13
52632
2086
λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ νž˜λ“€ 수 μžˆμŒμ„ μΈμ •ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
So speaking with them,
14
55802
1543
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ·ΈλΆ„λ“€,
00:57
and with theologians, philosophers, neuroscientists,
15
57387
4671
μ‹ ν•™μž, μ² ν•™μž, 그리고 μ‹ κ²½κ³Όν•™μžλ“€κ³Ό 이야기λ₯Ό 해보며
01:02
I came to understand that this self that each one of us takes oneself to be
16
62058
6173
μ €λŠ” 이 μžμ•„μ˜μ‹μ΄ 겉보기에 λŠκ»΄μ§€λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ
01:08
is not as real as it seems.
17
68231
1835
μ‹€μ œλŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” 것을 λ‚©λ“ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
The self is a slippery subject.
18
71276
2044
μžμ•„λŠ” 닀루기 νž˜λ“  μ£Όμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:14
We all intuitively know what it means.
19
74112
2836
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨λ‘ 직감적으둜 μžμ•„κ°€ 무슨 λœ»μΈμ§€ μ•Œκ³  있죠.
01:17
It’s there when we wake up.
20
77449
1334
μžμ•„λŠ” μž μ—μ„œ 깨어났을 λ•Œ 생기고
01:18
It disappears when we fall asleep.
21
78825
2419
λ‹€μ‹œ μž μ— λ“€λ©΄ μ‚¬λΌμ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
It reappears in our dreams.
22
81286
1793
그리고 κΏˆμ—μ„œ λ‹€μ‹œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜μ£ . μžμ•„κ°€ λ°”λ‘œ 우리λ₯Ό μš°λ¦¬λ‹΅κ²Œ ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
It's what makes us who we are.
23
83830
2002
01:27
It seems solid, unchanging, permanent.
24
87459
2878
λ‹¨λ‹¨ν•˜κ³ , λ³€ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ , μ˜μ›ν•  κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ 보이죠.
01:31
And yet, we can examine aspects of the self
25
91838
3170
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‹€μ œμ²˜λŸΌ λ³΄μ΄λŠ”
01:35
that seem real to us,
26
95050
1585
이 μžμ•„μ˜ 츑면을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ³ 
01:37
and ask, β€œJust how real are they?”
27
97385
2169
β€œμ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ§„μ§œμΌκΉŒ?β€λΌλŠ” μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ 던질 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:42
Take, for instance, the question "Who am I?"
28
102057
2544
β€œλ‚˜λŠ” λˆ„κ΅¬μΈκ°€?” λΌλŠ” μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ 예둜 λ“€μ–΄ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
01:45
The most likely answer you will get or give to such a question
29
105769
5297
이런 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ“£κ±°λ‚˜ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λŒ€λ‹΅μ€
01:51
will be in the form of a story.
30
111107
2086
λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ˜ ν˜•μ‹μ„ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:54
We tell others -- and indeed, ourselves -- stories about who we are.
31
114402
3921
λ‹€λ₯Έ μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ, 그리고 μŠ€μŠ€λ‘œμ—κ²Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μš°λ¦¬μ— λŒ€ν•œ 이야기λ₯Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
We take our stories to be sacrosanct.
32
118323
1918
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 우리의 이야기λ₯Ό μ‹ μ„±ν•˜κ²Œ μ—¬κΈ°μ£ .
02:00
We are our stories.
33
120283
1502
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 곧 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:03
But a condition that most of us, sadly, will be familiar with --
34
123953
4130
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μŠ¬ν”„κ²Œλ„ 우리 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ΄ 읡히 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ„
02:08
Alzheimer's disease --
35
128083
2460
μ•ŒμΈ ν•˜μ΄λ¨Έλ³‘μ€
02:10
tells us something quite different.
36
130585
1960
쑰금 λ‹€λ₯Έ 것을 λ§ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:13
Alzheimer's begins by affecting short-term memory.
37
133922
3462
μ•ŒμΈ ν•˜μ΄λ¨ΈλŠ” 단기 기얡에 영ν–₯을 μ£Όλ©° μ‹œμž‘ν•΄μš”.
02:18
Think about what that does to someone's story.
38
138677
2919
이 증상이 λˆ„κ΅°κ°€μ˜ 이야기에 μ–΄λ–€ 영ν–₯을 미칠지 μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
02:22
In order for our stories to form, to grow,
39
142472
2544
우리의 이야기가 ν˜•μ„±λ˜κ³  μ„±μž₯ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„ 
02:25
something that just happens to us has to first enter short-term memory,
40
145058
4254
λ¨Όμ € μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 막 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 일이 단기 기얡에 μ €μž₯되고
02:29
and then, get incorporated
41
149354
1418
κ·Έλ‹€μŒ "μž₯κΈ° 일화 κΈ°μ–΅"μ΄λΌλŠ” 것에 포함이 돼야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
into what's called long-term episodic memory.
42
150772
3170
02:33
It has to become an episode in our narrative.
43
153983
2545
κ²½ν—˜λ“€μ΄ 우리 μ„œμ‚¬ 속 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ—ν”Όμ†Œλ“œκ°€ λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜μ£ .
02:38
But what if the experience doesn't even enter short-term memory?
44
158113
3169
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ§Œμ•½ κ·Έ κ²½ν—˜μ΄ 단기 기얡에쑰차 듀어가지 λͺ»ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ κΉŒμš”?
02:41
That's exactly what Alzheimer's does.
45
161866
2419
μ•ŒμΈ ν•˜μ΄λ¨Έλ³‘μ΄ λ°”λ‘œ 그런 λ³‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
In the beginning,
46
164327
1168
μ²˜μŒμ—,
02:45
Alzheimer's impairs the formation of short-term memory.
47
165537
3420
μ•ŒμΈ ν•˜μ΄λ¨Έλ³‘μ€ λ‹¨κΈ°κΈ°μ–΅μ˜ ν˜•μ„±μ„ μ €ν•΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
It impairs the growth of the narrative.
48
169541
2169
μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ˜ μ„±μž₯을 μ†μƒμ‹œν‚€λŠ” 것이죠.
02:51
It's as if our stories begin stalling upon the onset of the disease.
49
171751
4296
마치 λ³‘μ˜ λ°œλ³‘κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ 우리의 이야기가 λ©ˆμΆ”κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌμš”.
02:56
Eventually, Alzheimer's eats away at all the long-term memories.
50
176965
3837
κ²°κ΅­, μ•ŒμΈ ν•˜μ΄λ¨Έλ³‘μ€ λͺ¨λ“  μž₯기기얡을 λ‹€ κ°‰μ•„λ¨ΉμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:00
So if you were to meet someone with mid-stage Alzheimer's,
51
180844
3545
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ•ŒμΈ ν•˜μ΄λ¨Έ 쀑기 ν™˜μžλ₯Ό λ§Œλ‚¬λ‹€κ³  κ°€μ •ν•΄ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
03:04
they will likely be able to tell you stories about who they are.
52
184431
3795
그듀은 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ—κ²Œ 본인에 λŒ€ν•œ 이야기λ₯Ό 해쀄 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
But if you know their real stories,
53
188226
3420
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ§„μ§œ 이야기λ₯Ό μ•Œκ³  계신닀면
03:11
you'll be able to tell that they sometimes scramble up their narrative,
54
191688
3503
그듀이 λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ 이야기λ₯Ό λ’€μ„žκ³ 
03:15
that they sometimes mix up the sequence of episodes from their lives.
55
195191
3796
μ‚¬κ±΄μ˜ μˆœμ„œλ₯Ό λ’€μ£½λ°•μ£½ λ§ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμœΌμ‹€ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
03:19
It's as if they are recalling their own stories
56
199028
2211
그듀이 본인의 이야기λ₯Ό
03:21
in ways that are not quite accurate.
57
201239
2085
μ •ν™•ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ νšŒμƒν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 것이죠.
03:24
It's important, at this stage,
58
204784
2086
이 μ‹œμ μ—μ„œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은
03:26
to realize that there is still a person experiencing that scrambled narrative.
59
206870
3670
아직 이 λ’€μ£½λ°•μ£½λœ 이야기λ₯Ό κ²½ν—˜ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:31
Sadly, Alzheimer's goes on to destroy one's narrative,
60
211541
2544
μŠ¬ν”„κ²Œλ„, μ•ŒμΈ ν•˜μ΄λ¨ΈλŠ” κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λΏλ§Œμ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
03:34
and so much more.
61
214085
1377
λ”μš± 더 λ§Žμ€ 것을 νŒŒκ΄΄ν•΄μš”.
03:35
And towards the end,
62
215962
1418
κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 끝에 λ‹€λ‹€λΌμ„œλŠ”
03:37
it's unclear whether there is still someone experiencing something,
63
217380
4088
이것을 κ²½ν—˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ”μ§€μ‘°μ°¨ λΆˆλΆ„λͺ…ν•΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
because the person cannot communicate verbally anymore.
64
221468
2627
κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒκ³ΌλŠ” 더 이상 κ΅¬λ‘λ‘œ μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅μ΄ λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
03:45
And yet,
65
225764
1710
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜,
03:47
Alzheimer's tells us that these stories that we take ourselves to be,
66
227515
4338
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 곧 자기 μžμ‹ μ΄λΌκ³  μ—¬κΈ°λŠ”,
03:51
what philosophers call the β€œnarrative self,”
67
231895
3044
μ² ν•™μžλ“€μ΄ "μ„œμ‚¬μ  μžμ•„"라고 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” 이 이야기듀이
03:54
these are spun by the brain and body.
68
234939
2419
λ‡Œμ™€ λͺΈμ— μ˜ν•΄ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•ŒμΈ ν•˜μ΄λ¨ΈλŠ” λ§ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:57
They are constructions.
69
237692
1293
이 이야기듀은 κ΅¬μ‘°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
Sometimes, the constructions are disrupted, even destroyed.
70
239027
3253
이 ꡬ쑰듀은 가끔씩 λ°©ν•΄λ°›κ³ , 심지어 νŒŒκ΄΄λ˜κΈ°λ„ ν•΄μš”.
04:03
And while that is horrific for the person experiencing it,
71
243114
4213
이λ₯Ό κ²½ν—˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μž₯본인듀과 κ°„λ³‘μΈλ“€μ—κ²ŒλŠ” λ”μ°ν•œ μΌμ΄μ§€λ§Œ
04:07
and for their caregivers,
72
247327
2252
04:09
it is nonetheless a window
73
249621
1668
κ·ΈλŸΌμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  이 κ²½ν—˜μ€
04:11
onto the constructed nature of our narrative self.
74
251289
3045
우리 μ„œμ‚¬μ  μžμ•„μ˜ ꡬ쑰적인 λ³Έμ§ˆμ„ λ“€μ—¬λ‹€λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” μ°½μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
And when the construction goes wrong,
75
254375
1836
그리고 이 ꡬ쑰가 잘λͺ»λ˜λ©΄,
04:16
we perceive our own stories in ways that are not quite real.
76
256252
3295
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 슀슀둜의 이야기λ₯Ό μ‹€μ œμ™€ λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ μΈμ‹ν•˜μ£ .
04:21
From the narrative self, let's talk about our body.
77
261549
3545
자, μ„œμ‚¬μ  μžμ•„μ— κ΄€λ ¨ν•΄μ„œ 우리의 신체에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
04:26
Let's take a very basic aspect of our bodily self.
78
266679
3212
신체적 μžμ•„μ˜ μ•„μ£Ό 기본적인 μΈ‘λ©΄λΆ€ν„° μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:30
This feeling we all have,
79
270433
2711
우리 λͺ¨λ‘λŠ”
04:33
that we are owners of our body and body parts,
80
273144
4046
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λͺΈκ³Ό 신체 λΆ€μœ„λ“€μ˜ μ£ΌμΈμ΄λΌλŠ” 감각,
04:37
that our bodies and body parts belong to us.
81
277232
3336
즉, λͺΈκ³Ό 신체 λΆ€μœ„λ“€μ΄ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μ†ν•΄μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 감각을 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:40
It seems such a strange thing to think that it could even be otherwise.
82
280610
3754
그렇지 μ•Šμ„ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 것 μžμ²΄κ°€ μ΄μƒν•œ 일이죠.
04:45
If I were to ask you, "Does your hand belong to you?"
83
285448
3504
μ œκ°€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ β€œμ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 손은 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ?β€œλΌκ³  λ¬»λŠ”λ‹€λ©΄
04:48
you're going to say, "Of course it does. What a foolish question."
84
288993
3170
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ β€œλ‹Ήμ—°ν•˜μ£ . 웃긴 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ΄λ„€μš”" 라고 λŒ€λ‹΅ν•˜μ‹€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:53
But not everyone would agree.
85
293164
1919
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ λ™μ˜ν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ„ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
04:56
Early on in my research,
86
296000
2545
제 연ꡬ μ΄ˆκΈ°μ—,
04:58
a neuropsychologist alerted me to a condition called xenomelia,
87
298586
3712
ν•œ μ‹ κ²½μ‹¬λ¦¬ν•™μžλΆ„μ΄ 제게 μ œλ…Έλ©œλ¦¬μ•„λΌλŠ” μ§ˆν™˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ•Œλ €μ£Όμ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:02
or foreign limb syndrome.
88
302340
1793
μ™Έλž˜ 사지 증후ꡰ이라고도 뢈리죠.
05:05
You may have heard of something called phantom limb syndrome,
89
305009
3712
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€ 쀑 ν™˜μƒ 사지 증후ꡰ에 λŒ€ν•΄ 듀어보신 뢄듀이 계싀 κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
05:08
in which people who have had an amputation
90
308763
3420
μ ˆλ‹¨ μˆ˜μˆ μ„ 받은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
05:12
feel the presence of that limb, sometimes.
91
312225
2794
κ°„ν˜Ή μ ˆλ‹¨ν•œ νŒ”λ‹€λ¦¬μ˜ 쑴재λ₯Ό λŠλΌλŠ” μ§ˆν™˜ 말이죠.
05:16
Xenomelia is somewhat of an opposite condition,
92
316062
3045
μ œλ…Έλ©œλ¦¬μ•„λŠ” κ·Έ μ •λ°˜λŒ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:19
where people feel like some part of their body --
93
319148
2378
μžμ‹ μ˜ 일뢀 신체 λΆ€μœ„,
05:21
usually the extremities, their hands or legs --
94
321526
2252
주둜 νŒ”μ΄λ‚˜ 닀리 같은 사지가
05:23
don't belong to them.
95
323778
1668
μžμ‹ μ—κ²Œ 속해 μžˆμ§€ μ•Šλ‹€κ³  λŠλΌλŠ” μ§ˆν™˜μ΄μ—μš”.
05:26
So this neuropsychologist talked of phantom limb syndrome
96
326489
3295
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이 μ‹ κ²½μ‹¬λ¦¬ν•™μžλΆ„μ€ ν™˜μƒ 사지 증후ꡰ을
05:29
as animation without incarnation.
97
329826
2169
μœ‘μ²΄κ°€ μ—†λŠ” 생기라고 λ§μ”€ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:32
So the limb is gone, it's not incarnate anymore,
98
332579
2711
νŒ”λ‹€λ¦¬λŠ” μ‚¬λΌμ‘Œκ³ , 더 이상 윑체둜 μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ§€λ§Œ
05:35
but it's animated in your mind.
99
335290
2085
λ¨Έλ¦Ώμ†μ—μ„œλŠ” μ‚΄μ•„ μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ” 것이죠.
05:37
And he talked of xenomelia as incarnation without animation.
100
337709
3170
그리고 μ œλ…Έλ©œλ¦¬μ•„μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ 그뢄은 생기가 μ—†λŠ” 윑체라고 λ§μ”€ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:41
So the limb is present, healthy even, incarnate,
101
341629
3545
즉 νŒ”λ‹€λ¦¬κ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κ³  윑체둜 μ‚΄μ•„μžˆμœΌλ©° 심지어 κ±΄κ°•ν•˜λ”λΌλ„
05:45
and yet, in your own mind, it feels like it doesn't belong to you.
102
345174
3379
λ¨Έλ¦Ώμ†μœΌλ‘œλŠ” λ‚΄ μ†Œμœ κ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ λŠκ»΄μ§€λŠ” 것이죠.
05:48
So in xenomelia,
103
348928
2419
μ œλ…Έλ©œλ¦¬μ•„λŠ”
05:51
the brain and bodily processes
104
351389
2336
신체 λΆ€μœ„μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ†Œμœ  μ˜μ‹μ„ μ£ΌλŠ”
05:53
that give rise to our sense of ownership of our body parts,
105
353725
4212
λ‡Œμ™€ 신체 ν™œλ™λ“€μ΄
05:57
they're misfiring, so to speak,
106
357937
2670
μ˜€μž‘λ™ ν•˜λŠ” μ§ˆν™˜μ΄λ©°,
06:00
and the consequences can be serious.
107
360648
2002
κ·Έ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” 심각할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:03
People with xenomelia will sometimes take extreme measures
108
363234
4129
μ œλ…Έλ©œλ¦¬μ•„ ν™˜μžλ“€μ€ λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ 극단적인 쑰치λ₯Ό μ·¨ν•΄
06:07
to get rid of, to amputate their foreign-seeming body parts.
109
367405
4338
이질적이게 λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 신체 λΆ€μœ„λ“€μ„ μ ˆλ‹¨ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•˜μ£ .
06:12
From the perspective of the self, though,
110
372243
2252
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μžμ•„μ˜ κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ 보면,
06:14
xenomelia is telling us something very profound.
111
374537
2544
μ œλ…Έλ©œλ¦¬μ•„λŠ” μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 무언가λ₯Ό μ•Œλ €μ£Όκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:17
It's telling us that something as basic
112
377123
2419
신체 λΆ€μœ„μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ†Œμœ  μ˜μ‹κ°™μ΄
06:19
as the sense of ownership of our own body parts
113
379584
3211
μ•„μ£Ό 기본적인 것듀도
06:22
is a construction.
114
382837
1418
κ΅¬μ‘°λΌλŠ” κ²ƒμ„μš”.
06:24
And sometimes, the construction goes wrong,
115
384589
2085
이 κ΅¬μ‘°μ—λŠ” 가끔 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ 생기고,
06:26
and we perceive our own bodies in ways that are not quite real.
116
386674
3963
그러면 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 우리의 λͺΈμ„ μ‹€μ œμ™€ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μΈμ‹ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:31
Let's take another aspect of our bodily self.
117
391554
3045
이제 신체적 μžμ•„μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ 츑면을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
06:34
It's called the sense of agency.
118
394641
2752
주체 μ˜μ‹μ΄λΌ λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 것인데,
06:37
So when I do something like pick up a cup,
119
397894
2961
예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ μ œκ°€ 컡을 집어듀면
06:40
I have this implicit feeling that I am the agent of that action,
120
400897
3754
μ €λŠ” 제 μžμ‹ μ΄ 이 ν–‰λ™μ˜ μ£Όμ²΄λΌλŠ”, μ œκ°€ 이 행동이 이루어지도둝 ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ”
06:44
that I have willed that action into existence.
121
404692
2711
암묡적인 감각을 느끼게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:47
That feeling is the sense of agency.
122
407403
2253
이 감각을 λ°”λ‘œ 주체 μ˜μ‹μ΄λΌκ³  ν•΄μš”.
06:50
But someone with schizophrenia may not have that feeling, always.
123
410114
3754
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ‘°ν˜„λ³‘ ν™˜μžλ“€μ—κ² 그런 λŠλ‚Œμ΄ 항상 듀지 μ•Šμ„ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:53
Someone with schizophrenia
124
413910
1251
μ‘°ν˜„λ³‘ ν™˜μžλ“€μ€
06:55
might do something and not feel like they are the agent of that action.
125
415203
4004
무언가λ₯Ό 해도 본인이 κ·Έ ν–‰λ™μ˜ μ£Όμ²΄λΌλŠ” 감각을 λŠλΌμ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•΄μš”.
06:59
So schizophrenia tells us
126
419874
1794
λ”°λΌμ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‘°ν˜„λ³‘μ„ 톡해
07:01
that it is possible to be someone who does something
127
421668
3336
λˆ„κ΅°κ°€κ°€ μ–΄λ– ν•œ 일을 ν•˜λ”λΌλ„
07:05
but doesn't have an accompanying sense of agency.
128
425046
3045
주체 μ˜μ‹μ΄ μˆ˜λ°˜λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:08
So just like the narrative self and the sense of ownership of body parts,
129
428883
4129
μ„œμ‚¬μ  μžμ•„μ™€ 신체 λΆ€μœ„μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ†Œμœ  μ˜μ‹κ³Ό λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ
07:13
the sense of agency is also a construction,
130
433054
2544
주체 μ˜μ‹ λ˜ν•œ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ κ΅¬μ‘°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:15
and it, too, can fail.
131
435640
1668
λ”°λΌμ„œ 주체 μ˜μ‹ λ˜ν•œ λ§κ°€μ§ˆ 수 있죠.
07:17
So you can see where this is going.
132
437642
2085
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ œκ°€ 무엇을 λ§ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ§μž‘ν•˜μ‹€ 수 μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:20
Let me take one more example to drive home this point.
133
440603
2586
κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν•œ 가지 예λ₯Ό 더 λ“€μ–΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:23
Let's talk of what it feels to be a body here and now.
134
443189
4588
μ§€κΈˆ 이 μˆœκ°„ λͺΈμ΄ λ˜λŠ” 것이 μ–΄λ–€ λŠλ‚ŒμΈμ§€ 이야기해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
07:28
Not the feeling of being a story,
135
448987
1668
ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 이야기가 λ˜λŠ” λŠλ‚Œμ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
07:30
but the feeling of being a body in the present moment.
136
450697
2836
ν˜„μž¬ 이 μ‹œμ μ˜ λͺΈμ΄ λ˜λŠ” λŠλ‚Œμ„μš”.
07:34
Psychologists estimate
137
454242
1918
μ‹¬λ¦¬ν•™μžλ“€μ€
07:36
that about five percent of the general population
138
456202
2961
일반 λŒ€μ€‘μ˜ μ•½ 5νΌμ„ΌνŠΈκ°€
07:39
will, at some point in their lives, have an out-of-body experience.
139
459205
4213
μΈμƒμ˜ μ–΄λŠ μ‹œμ μ— μœ μ²΄μ΄νƒˆμ„ κ²½ν—˜ν•˜κ²Œ 될 것이라 μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:44
Let's assume that all of us right now are having an in-body experience.
140
464544
3378
μ§€κΈˆ 우리 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ μœ μ²΄κ³ μ •μ„ κ²½ν—˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  κ°€μ •ν•΄ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
07:47
(Laughter)
141
467964
1251
(μ›ƒμŒ)
07:49
But what that means is having this feeling of being in a body,
142
469257
4171
이것은 신체 μ•ˆμ— 있고,
07:53
being anchored to a body,
143
473428
1376
신체에 κ³ μ •λ˜μ–΄ 있으며,
07:54
occupying a certain volume of space
144
474846
2544
νŠΉμ • 곡간을 μ°¨μ§€ν•˜κ³  있고,
07:57
and looking at the world from behind our eyes.
145
477390
2336
눈 후면을 톡해 세상을 λ³΄λŠ”λ“―ν•œ λŠλ‚Œμ„ λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:00
But if you are having an out-of-body experience,
146
480518
2628
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μœ μ²΄μ΄νƒˆμ„ κ²½ν—˜ν•˜κ³  계신닀면
08:03
you could possibly be feeling that you're up near the ceiling,
147
483146
2961
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ•„λ§ˆ 천μž₯ κ°€κΉŒμ΄μ—μ„œ
08:06
looking down at your own body sitting in the chair below.
148
486149
3169
μ˜μžμ— μ•‰μ•„μžˆλŠ” 본인의 λͺΈμ„ 내렀닀보고 μžˆλŠ”λ“―ν•œ λŠλ‚Œμ„ 받을 κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
08:09
People do report such experiences,
149
489360
2169
μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 이런 κ²½ν—˜μ„ λ³΄κ³ ν•˜κ³ 
08:11
and mild versions of this have been replicated in labs.
150
491571
3462
μ—°κ΅¬μ‹€μ—μ„œλŠ” 이 κ²½ν—˜λ“€μ˜ μ•½ν•œ 버전듀이 μž¬ν˜„λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:16
But if you think, like I do,
151
496659
1710
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ μ €μ²˜λŸΌ
08:18
that out-of-body experiences are the outcome of brain processes
152
498411
3420
μœ μ²΄μ΄νƒˆμ΄ λ‡Œ μ˜€μž‘λ™μ˜ 결과라고 μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹ λ‹€λ©΄
08:21
that are misfiring,
153
501873
1418
08:23
then it stands to reason that the experience of being in-body,
154
503332
3921
λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ μœ μ²΄κ³ μ •μ˜ λŠλ‚Œ, ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” λŠλ‚Œ κ·Έ μžμ²΄κ°€
08:27
of being embodied,
155
507295
1752
08:29
is itself a construction,
156
509047
1543
ꡬ쑰이며
08:30
and that, too, can come apart.
157
510590
1793
이것 λ˜ν•œ λ¬΄λ„ˆμ§ˆ 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  νŒλ‹¨ν•˜μ‹€ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
08:33
So what are these experiences of altered selves telling us?
158
513593
3628
κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ³€μ§ˆλœ μžμ•„μ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ€ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 무엇을 μ•Œλ €μ€„κΉŒμš”?
08:38
They're telling us
159
518389
1460
κ·Έ κ²½ν—˜λ“€μ€
08:39
that just about everything we take to be real
160
519891
2210
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 우리 μŠ€μŠ€λ‘œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ β€œμ‹€μ œβ€œλΌκ³  μ—¬κΈ°λŠ” 거의 λͺ¨λ“  것듀이,
08:42
about ourselves --
161
522143
1418
08:43
"real" in the sense that we think we are always experiencing
162
523561
3420
-- μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ β€œμ‹€μ œβ€œλž€ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 늘 우리의 λͺΈκ³Ό 이야기에 λŒ€ν•΄
08:47
undeniable truths about our bodies, our stories --
163
527023
3420
뢀인할 수 μ—†λŠ” 진싀을 κ²½ν—˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•œλ‹€λŠ” λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ --
08:50
well, that's just not the case.
164
530485
1585
사싀은 그렇지 μ•Šλ‹€κ³  μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:53
So when theologians and philosophers tell us that the self is an illusion,
165
533404
5047
μ‹ ν•™μžμ™€ μ² ν•™μžλ“€μ΄ μžμ•„λŠ” ν™˜μƒμ΄λΌκ³  λ§ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
08:58
this is partly what they mean.
166
538451
2002
λΆ€λΆ„μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 의미인 것이죠.
09:01
You may have realized by now that there still remains the question
167
541954
4255
μ§€κΈˆμ―€ μ•„λ§ˆ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜μ„  아직 질문이 λ‚¨μ•„μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 κΉ¨λ‹¬μœΌμ…¨μ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:06
of who or what is doing the experiencing,
168
546250
4129
λˆ„κ°€, λ˜λŠ” 무엇이 κ·Έ κ²½ν—˜μ„ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 말이죠.
09:10
even in the case of altered selves.
169
550421
2294
λ³€μ§ˆλœ μžμ•„μ˜ κ²½μš°μ—μ„œλ„μš”.
09:13
This experiencing β€œI” in the question β€œWho am I?”
170
553382
3504
β€œλ‚˜λŠ” λˆ„κ΅¬μΈκ°€?β€œλΌλŠ” μ§ˆλ¬Έμ—μ„œ κ²½ν—˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” β€œλ‚˜β€λŠ”
09:16
is at the heart of the debate about the self.
171
556886
2961
μžμ•„μ— κ΄€ν•œ λ…ΌμŸμ˜ ν•΅μ‹¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:19
This experiencing β€œI” doesn’t go away
172
559847
2253
μžμ•„μ˜ ν•œ 가지, λ˜λŠ” κ·Έ μ΄μƒμ˜ 츑면이 μ†μƒλœλ‹€κ³  해도
09:22
if one or a few aspects of the self are disrupted.
173
562141
2920
κ²½ν—˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” β€œλ‚˜β€λŠ” 사라지지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:26
But what if all of the aspects of the self that comprise us
174
566562
2795
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ§Œμ•½ 우리λ₯Ό κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜λŠ” μžμ•„μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  츑면이
09:29
were to be disrupted?
175
569357
1251
μ†μƒλœλ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ κΉŒμš”?
09:30
Would the experiencing β€œI” disappear?
176
570650
2544
κ²½ν—˜ν•˜λŠ” β€œλ‚˜β€κ°€ μ‚¬λΌμ§ˆκΉŒμš”?
09:34
We don't have a satisfactory answer to that question, yet.
177
574487
3587
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 아직 이 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€ν•œ 만쑱슀런 닡변을 찾지 λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:38
It’s possible that the experiencing β€œI” is also an illusion,
178
578908
3712
κ²½ν•¨ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” "λ‚˜" μ—­μ‹œ ν™˜μƒμΌ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:42
in the sense of being a construction,
179
582620
2377
κ±΄μ„€μžκ°€ μ—†λŠ” ꡬ쑰물같이 말이죠.
09:45
a construction without a constructor.
180
585039
2461
09:48
That debate, however, is somewhat unresolved.
181
588334
2252
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이 λ…ΌμŸμ€ ν•΄κ²°λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:51
Despite such doubts, I, personally -- whatever I am --
182
591921
4338
이런 μ˜κ΅¬μ‹¬μ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ , μ €λŠ” 개인적으둜 "λ‚˜"κ°€ λˆ„κ΅¬λ“ μ§€ 간에
09:56
think that the self has no reality outside of the brain and body.
183
596259
4212
λ‡Œμ™€ 윑체 λ°–μ—μ„œμ˜ μžμ•„λŠ” 싀체가 μ—†λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:01
I think that the experiencing β€œI” will not persist after the body is gone.
184
601180
4463
μœ‘μ²΄κ°€ 사라진 ν›„μ—” κ²½ν—˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” "λ‚˜"κ°€ μ§€μ†λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ 거라고 λ΄μš”.
10:06
So what does one make of such knowledge?
185
606853
4087
이 κΉ¨λ‹¬μŒμœΌλ‘œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 무엇을 얻을 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
10:11
Well, firstly, these ideas will feel liberating to some
186
611691
5338
음, λ¨Όμ €, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ•„μ΄λ””μ–΄λŠ” μ–΄λ–€ μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ 해방감을 쀄 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:17
and might sit heavily upon others.
187
617029
2294
λ˜ν•œ λˆ„κ΅°κ°€μ—κ²ŒλŠ” 뢀담을 쀄 μˆ˜λ„ 있겠죠.
10:20
Regardless, I think we can all attend to the stories that we think we are.
188
620449
3629
κ·Έλž˜λ„ μ „ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 우리라 μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 이야기에 집쀑해도 λœλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:24
Our feelings and emotions are modulated by our stories,
189
624579
3461
우리의 감각과 μ •μ„œλŠ” 우리 이야기에 μ˜ν•΄ 쑰절되고
10:28
and in turn, our feelings and emotions become part of our stories.
190
628040
4171
κ²°κ΅­ 우리의 감각과 μ •μ„œλŠ” 우리 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ˜ 일뢀가 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:33
And our stories, our narratives, are not just cognitive --
191
633045
2753
우리의 이야기, 우리의 μ„œμ‚¬λŠ” 인지적인 κ²ƒλ§Œμ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆκ³ 
10:35
they live in our bodies,
192
635798
1710
우리 λͺΈμ— μ‚΄μ•„ 있으며
10:37
and our bodies structure and shape our stories.
193
637550
2502
우리 λͺΈμ€ 이야기λ₯Ό κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜κ³  ν˜•μ„±ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:40
So knowing all this,
194
640678
1627
이 λͺ¨λ“  것을 μ•Œκ³ ,
10:42
recognizing the constructive nature of it all,
195
642305
2836
이 λͺ¨λ“  κ²ƒμ˜ ꡬ쑰적인 λ³Έμ§ˆμ„ μΈμ§€ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
10:45
maybe we can hold on less tightly to our stories.
196
645183
3336
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 슀슀둜의 이야기에 덜 맀달릴 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:49
Maybe we can learn to let go.
197
649103
1919
μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ λ†“μ•„μ£ΌλŠ” 법을 배울 수 μžˆμ„μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ₯΄μ£ .
10:52
But that's easier said than done,
198
652607
1626
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 말처럼 μ‰¬μš΄ 일은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:54
because the thing that is doing the letting go
199
654275
2336
μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ λ†“μ•„μ£ΌλŠ” 일을 ν•˜λŠ” 뢀뢄도
10:56
is also the thing that has to be let go of.
200
656611
2502
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 놓아주어야 ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
10:59
(Laughter)
201
659155
1877
(μ›ƒμŒ)
11:02
Maybe we can just marvel at the efforts of people over millennia,
202
662450
4379
μ•„λ§ˆ 수천 년에 걸친 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ λ…Έλ ₯에 κ·Έμ € κ²½νƒ„ν•˜κ²Œ 될 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:06
from the Buddha sitting under the Bodhi tree
203
666829
2294
보리수 μ•„λž˜ 앉은 λΆ€μ²˜λ‹˜λΆ€ν„°
11:09
to the modern philosopher and neuroscientist
204
669165
2502
ν˜„λŒ€ μ² ν•™μžμ™€ μ‹ κ²½κ³Όν•™μžμ— 이λ₯΄κΈ°κΉŒμ§€
11:11
who has asked themselves the question "Who am I?"
205
671667
3128
β€œλ‚˜λŠ” λˆ„κ΅¬μΈκ°€?β€œλΌλŠ” μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ˜μ§„ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ λ§μ΄μ—μš”.
11:14
But most of all,
206
674795
2044
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 무엇보닀도,
11:16
I think we owe a debt to those amongst us
207
676839
3379
μ €λŠ” λ³€μ§ˆλœ μžμ•„λ₯Ό μš©κ°ν•˜κ²Œ μ¦μ–Έν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ
11:20
who bravely bear witness to our altered selves --
208
680218
3837
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λΉšμ„ μ‘Œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:24
whether we do so voluntarily,
209
684055
1918
μˆ˜λ„μ‚¬λ‚˜ μˆ˜λ…€κ°€ λͺ…상할 λ•Œμ²˜λŸΌ 자발적으둜 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” 것이든,
11:25
like monks and nuns do when they meditate,
210
685973
2920
11:28
or whether it's brought upon us by biology and circumstance.
211
688893
3795
μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ μƒλ¬Όν•™μ΄λ‚˜ ν™˜κ²½μ— μ˜ν•΄ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄λ“ μ§€μš”.
11:33
There is something remarkably robust
212
693481
2461
μžμ•„ μ˜μ‹μ˜ 총체λ₯Ό ν˜•μ„±ν•˜λŠ” κ³Όμ •μ—λŠ”
11:35
about the processes that give rise to the totality of our sense of self.
213
695983
4922
λ†€λžλ„λ‘ κ²¬κ³ ν•œ 무언가가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:41
But there's something frighteningly fragile about them too.
214
701822
3337
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ¬΄μ„œμšΈ μ •λ„λ‘œ μ·¨μ•½ν•œ 점도 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
11:45
They can crack.
215
705201
1168
균열이 생길 수 있죠.
11:47
And any one of us, at any time in our lives,
216
707286
2503
그리고 우리 쀑 λˆ„κ΅¬λΌλ„ μΈμƒμ˜ μ–΄λŠ μˆœκ°„μ—
11:49
may have to confront such cracks.
217
709830
1669
μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 균열을 직면해야 ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:52
And that knowledge, I believe, should make us empathetic
218
712541
3254
μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κΉ¨λ‹¬μŒμ€ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ³€μ§ˆλœ μžμ•„κ³Ό νˆ¬μŸν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„
11:55
towards those of us dealing with altered selves.
219
715836
3003
곡감할 수 있게 해쀄 거라고 λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:00
But I also believe that altered selves
220
720341
3712
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ˜ν•œ, μ €λŠ” λ³€μ§ˆλœ μžμ•„λ₯Ό
12:04
should not be seen as the outcome of deficits,
221
724095
3253
κ²°ν•μ˜ 결과라든가, μ •μƒμœΌλ‘œ μ—¬κ²¨μ§€λŠ” μ†μ„±μ˜ λΆ€μ‘±μœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ 결과둜
12:07
or as the outcome of a lack of attributes considered normal.
222
727390
3753
κ°„μ£Όν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ•ˆ λœλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:11
They are different ways of being,
223
731727
2628
이듀은 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 쑴재의 방식이고,
12:14
and it's the willingness of some of us to confront the self's constructed nature
224
734397
4588
μžμ•„μ˜ ꡬ쑰적인 λ³Έμ§ˆμ— λ§žμ„œλ €λŠ” 일뢀 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ μ˜μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:19
that is helping make sense of the self for all of us.
225
739026
3879
그리고 우리 λͺ¨λ‘μ˜ μžμ•„μ˜μ‹μ„ 이해할 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ 돕고 있죠.
12:23
Thank you.
226
743823
1168
κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:25
(Applause)
227
745032
5047
(λ°•μˆ˜)
12:30
Thank you.
228
750121
1126
κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7