How Green Hydrogen Could End The Fossil Fuel Era | Vaitea Cowan | TED

222,385 views

2022-09-14 ใƒป TED


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How Green Hydrogen Could End The Fossil Fuel Era | Vaitea Cowan | TED

222,385 views ใƒป 2022-09-14

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Ryu Jin Jeong ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:03
We're going on a field trip together.
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๋‹ค๊ฐ™์ด ํ˜„์žฅ ํ•™์Šต์„ ๋– ๋‚˜๋ณด์ฃ .
00:06
We're going back to middle school,
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์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์‹œ์ ˆ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ํ™”ํ•™ ์ˆ˜์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:08
to chemistry class.
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00:10
Do you remember this?
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์ด๊ฒƒ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋‚˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”? ๋‹ค๋“ค ํ•ด๋ดค๋˜ ์‹คํ—˜์ด์ฃ .
00:11
It was an experiment we did with salt water,
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์†Œ๊ธˆ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ฑด์ „์ง€, ์—ฐํ•„ ๋‘ ์ž๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:14
a battery and two pencils.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
00:17
Guess what?
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์ด ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ๋ดค๋˜ ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถœ ์—ด์‡ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
The reaction you witnessed then is a key to tackling climate change.
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00:22
Yes, at 14 years old, we already knew.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฐ 14์‚ด ๋•Œ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
And today, we have the means to replace fossil fuels with green hydrogen.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์†Œ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
Let's walk through this.
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์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
00:34
The experiment I'm alluding to is called water electrolysis.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ์‹คํ—˜์€ โ€˜๋ฌผ ์ „๊ธฐ ๋ถ„ํ•ดโ€™๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
And it is a way to create hydrogen.
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์ˆ˜์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ฃ .
00:41
On Earth,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์†Œ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์— ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
hydrogen is found in the greatest quantities in water:
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00:45
H2O.
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H2O ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
And when you use renewable electricity to split water into H and O,
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๋ฌผ์„ ์ˆ˜์†Œ์™€ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•  ๋•Œ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด
00:53
that's green hydrogen.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
And the device creating this reaction is called an electrolyzer.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ โ€˜์ „ํ•ด์กฐโ€™๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
There are other colors of hydrogen out there,
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์ƒ‰๊น”์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์†Œ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
but they use fossil fuels.
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01:05
So we're not going to talk about those today,
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์•…ํ™”ํ•  ๋ฟ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
they'll only make climate change worse.
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01:10
We are talking about green hydrogen,
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
which is 100 percent clean.
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100% ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:16
And the quickest path to scaling green hydrogen
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๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์†Œ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šธ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
01:19
is by mass producing electrolyzers.
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์ „ํ•ด์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ €, ์™œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
01:23
But first, why do we need green hydrogen?
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01:26
When we look at our global energy consumption today,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด,
01:29
only 20 percent comes in the form of electricity or electrons.
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๊ฒจ์šฐ 20%๋งŒ์ด ์ „๊ธฐ ์ฆ‰, ์ „์ž ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
This means the remaining 80 percent of our world's energy use
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„์˜ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ 80%๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:38
is in the forms of molecules.
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01:41
And while the world is making rapid progress
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์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ง„์ „์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
01:43
in greening our electricity,
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01:44
we need to look towards our molecules as well.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž์—๋„ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์‚ฐ์—…, ๊ตํ†ต, ๋ƒ‰๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:48
Think about your industry, transport, heating and cooling sectors.
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01:52
They're all powered by molecules.
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์ด๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ถ„์ž๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
And yes, this means largely by fossil fuels:
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๋„ค, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ .
01:58
coal, oil and gas.
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์„ํƒ„, ์„์œ , ๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
We won't be able to electrify all of our sectors.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ์ „๊ธฐ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
And here's why.
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์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
Let's start with an example from the industrial sector.
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๋จผ์ € ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์ฃ .
02:11
Molecules create the reaction,
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๋ถ„์ž๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ์ „์ž๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
02:14
not electrons.
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02:15
To make steel the old way we first mine iron ore,
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์˜›๋‚  ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์ฒ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด ๋จผ์ € ์ฒ ๊ด‘์„ ์ฑ„๊ตดํ•˜๊ณ ,
02:20
then burn coal to remove the oxygen from the iron mix.
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์„ํƒ„์„ ํƒœ์›Œ ์ฒ  ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
Seven to nine percent of our world's CO2 emissions
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์˜ 7~9%๊ฐ€ ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
come from this process.
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02:30
It's the coal that provides the molecule,
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์„ํƒ„์—์„œ ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™€
02:33
creating the reaction to get rid of the oxygen.
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์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
Electrons can't do that.
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์ „์ž๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
But what they can do
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์›€์ง์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:40
is power the device that creates green hydrogen.
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02:43
And this clean molecule will create the reaction,
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์ด ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ค๋Š”๋ฐ,
02:47
attract the oxygen
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02:48
and emit only water in the process.
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์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์˜ค์ง ๋ฌผ๋งŒ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
So by changing the process,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด
02:53
we can eliminate up to 95 percent of our CO2 emissions.
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์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ 95%๊นŒ์ง€ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
And today, major European steel manufacturers
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์ฒ ๊ฐ• ์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€
02:59
are already building green hydrogen-based steel production processes.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์†Œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒ ๊ฐ• ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ณต์ •์„ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
03:08
That's just one of the countless industrial processes,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ํฌ๊ณ  ์ž‘์€ ์‚ฐ์—… ๊ณต์ •๋“ค ์ค‘์—
03:11
small and big,
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03:13
that need a molecule.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
Another example, let's say,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
03:18
that we can't use electricity for everything-everything is weight.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋กœ ํ™˜์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
Take the aviation sector.
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ํ•ญ๊ณต ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์„ ๋ณด์ฃ .
03:25
An 80-passenger aircraft flying on batteries.
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๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋น„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” 80์ธ์Šน ์—ฌ๊ฐ๊ธฐ.
03:29
Kind of impossible.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ฃ .
03:31
One would need more batteries just to fly the battery.
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๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ๋งŒ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
Hydrogen planes, though, they're taking off emission-free.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜์†Œ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋Š” ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ์—†์ด ์ด๋ฅ™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
This is a 20-seater aircraft,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 20์ธ์Šน ์—ฌ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
03:41
and its commercial flights are scheduled two years from now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2๋…„ ํ›„์— ์ƒ์—… ๋น„ํ–‰ ์ผ์ •์ด ์žกํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
And by 2026,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2026๋…„์ด๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 80์ธ์Šน ์—ฌ๊ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
we'll be welcoming the 80-seater.
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03:48
And these are just two examples
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์‹œ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
of how we can end our reliance on fossil fuels.
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03:54
The world is turning to green hydrogen
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์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์†Œ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์„œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
because it is effectively coupling those hard-to-decarbonize sectors
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์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์— ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ
04:01
with green electricity.
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
An electrolyzer connected to solar and wind power generation
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ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๊ณผ ํ’๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์ „ํ•ด์กฐ๋Š”
04:09
is transforming green electrons into green molecules.
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์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ถ„์ž๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
Green hydrogen is transforming our renewable electricity
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๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์†Œ๋Š” ์žฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
04:18
into an energy carrier that is extremely versatile.
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๋†€๋ž๋„๋ก ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์šด๋ฐ˜์ฒด๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์‹œํ‚ค์ฃ .
04:22
And today, this clean molecule is already being used
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ด ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
in a wide range of applications.
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04:27
It can be combusted directly as a fuel and emits zero carbon emissions.
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์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋„ ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์ฃ .
04:32
It's also being turned into hydrogen-derived fuels
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์ˆ˜์†Œ์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:36
like green ammonia, green methanol,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์•”๋ชจ๋‹ˆ์•„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ๋ฉ”ํƒ„์˜ฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ตญ์ œ ์šด์†ก ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
which can fuel global shipping.
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04:41
Green hydrogen is being stored across seasons without losing energy,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์†Œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณ„์ ˆ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ์‹ค ์—†์ด ์ €์žฅ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
like here in the Alps.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์•Œํ”„์Šค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:48
And it can then be used in a fuel cell to create electricity emitting only water,
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๋ฌผ๋งŒ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์ „์ง€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
like in this remote village in Malaysia.
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๋ง๋ ˆ์ด์‹œ์•„์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์™ธ๋”ด ๋งˆ์„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
04:56
Hydrogen is one of the most energy-dense molecules,
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์ˆ˜์†Œ๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๋ถ„์ž ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ๋ฐ,
05:00
and by mass it contains three times as much energy than diesel.
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์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋”ฐ์ง€๋ฉด ๋””์ ค๋ณด๋‹ค ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์„ธ ๋ฐฐ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
So you might be wondering, well,
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์ด์ฏค๋˜๋ฉด ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ดํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ์š”,
05:07
why aren't we using this already everywhere?
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์™œ ์•„์ง๋„ ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
05:10
And so previously, the reason was the cost of green electricity.
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์˜ˆ์ „์—๋Š” ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ด์œ ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
But that's no longer the bottleneck.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„์šฉ์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
05:17
So what's the challenge?
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05:20
It's the speed, scale and cost of making these green hydrogen generators.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์†Œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ, ์†๋„, ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
Luckily,
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„
05:28
people are already working on making green hydrogen a reality.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ˜„์‹คํ™”ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์ด๋ฏธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
Because to make green hydrogen the fuel source of the future,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด
05:36
it needs to be cheaper than fossil fuels.
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ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ €๋ ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
And this means
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ ค๋ฉด
05:41
electrolyzers are going to need to be really, really cheap.
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์ „ํ•ด์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง, ์ •๋ง ์ €๋ ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
We started Enapter in 2017
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” 2017๋…„์— ์ธ์•ฑํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
with this one goal in mind and urgency in our hearts.
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ์—” ์ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€, ๋งˆ์Œ์—” ์ ˆ๋ฐ•ํ•จ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:54
And so we chose a means
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
05:56
that is a bit different from how others in the industry proceed.
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์ด ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
We turned to economic history
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋Œ๋ ค์„œ
06:02
for approaches that scaled fast and reduced prices significantly.
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๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
And the answer was clear.
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๋‹ต์€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
If you want to take a solution around the globe as quickly as possible,
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:13
you need to make it a standardized, mass-produced commodity.
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ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
A product that's easy to make and use.
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๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋„, ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์‰ฌ์šด ์ œํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ์š”.
06:21
And so some believe we need larger machines.
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๋” ํฐ ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
But we believe the electrolyser should be a standardized,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ „ํ•ด์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋˜๊ณ 
06:27
mass-produced commodity.
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๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:30
A product that can make green hydrogen anywhere for anyone.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜, ์–ด๋””์„œ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์ด์š”.
06:34
So to better understand our approach, let me draw an analogy.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋น„์œ ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
06:37
Up until the โ€™80s, mainframe computers,
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80๋…„๋Œ€๊นŒ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„, ๋ฉ”์ธํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š”
06:40
they were considered the future of computing.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
They were huge and complex equipment,
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์žฅ์น˜์ด๊ณ  ์˜ค์ง ์—…๋ฌด์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์•ˆ๋์ง€์š”.
06:46
and they were designed for businesses only.
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06:49
Then came the PC,
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๊ทธ ํ›„ PC๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜์ž ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์—” ๋น„์›ƒ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์˜์•„ํ•ดํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:51
and at first people laughed and wondered:
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06:54
Why would we ever need such a tiny computer?
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โ€˜์ €๋Ÿฐ ์ž‘์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์™œ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฒ ์–ด?โ€™
06:57
But ultimately, it disrupted the industry.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ PC๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ๋’ค์—Ž์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
And today, data centers, they use blade servers, which is PC technology.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ผํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ ์„œ๋ฒ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
์ด๋Š” PC ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
์™œ๋ƒ๊ณ ์š”?
07:07
Why?
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07:08
Because the PC became a compact,
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PC๋Š” ์†Œํ˜•์ด๊ณ 
07:10
standardized and mass-producible product
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ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์ด๋ผ์„œ
07:14
that was cheap to make, easy to build,
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์‹ธ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์กฐ๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์‰ฝ๊ณ 
07:16
and that could be used in any kinds of context.
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์–ด๋Š ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋“  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
07:19
It's time to do this with green hydrogen.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์†Œ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:21
To this end,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ธ์•ฑํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ „ํ•ด์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ผํšŒ์„ฑ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
07:23
Enapter is designing all of its electrolyzers as products
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07:27
and not projects.
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์ƒํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
At the heart of our electrolyser is an electrolysis core
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์ „ํ•ด์กฐ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์—๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ ๋ถ„ํ•ด ์ฝ”์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
07:32
generating green hydrogen,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
and it is the foundation for all of our products.
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์ €ํฌ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ ์ด์ฃ .
07:37
And we're taking these core stacks
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ฝ”์–ด ๋ญ‰์น˜์™€ ์ „ํ•ด์กฐ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
and other components of our electrolyzers into mass production.
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07:43
And so instead of building larger electrolyzers,
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๋” ํฐ ์ „ํ•ด์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
07:48
we're building compact ones
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์ž‘์€ ์ „ํ•ด์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
07:50
that can be combined to achieving any hydrogen quantity needed.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์–‘๋งŒํผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•ด์„œ ์ˆ˜์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
And we believe this is the quickest way to scale green hydrogen
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์†Œ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ณ 
๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
and drive down its price.
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08:01
And the next step
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š”
08:03
is going into mass production.
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๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
This is our campus.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ €ํฌ ๊ณต์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
And it's going to be fully powered by renewables, of course,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ „๋ถ€ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋™๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
08:11
and that's where we'll be tackling speed, scale and cost.
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์†๋„, ๊ทœ๋ชจ, ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์”จ๋ฆ„ํ•  ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
By focusing on one single core size,
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ํ•œ ์ฝ”์–ด์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
08:22
we can leverage massive economies of scale
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
08:25
and drive down the price of green hydrogen.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์†Œ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
Because thatโ€™s what itโ€™s all about:
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ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
making green hydrogen cheaper than fossil fuels.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
We have the means to make green hydrogen the fuel source of the future.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ 14์‚ด์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฌ 14์‚ด์ธ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ง์—
08:41
It's time to listen to our 14-year-old selves
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08:43
and the 14-year-olds of today.
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๊ท€ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
Our generation has a unique opportunity.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ธ๋Œ€์—๊ฒ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
It's time for the next industrial revolution.
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์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์‚ฐ์—… ํ˜๋ช…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋•Œ์ฃ .
08:54
We can build our world's energy supplies sustainably,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
made of a lot of green electricity
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์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ „๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์†Œ ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ฒฐ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:01
and a wave of green hydrogen molecules.
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09:05
This is how we end the fossil fuel era.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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