How to bring affordable, sustainable electricity to Africa | Rose M. Mutiso

84,565 views

2019-11-19 ใƒป TED


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How to bring affordable, sustainable electricity to Africa | Rose M. Mutiso

84,565 views ใƒป 2019-11-19

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sung Jun Moon ๊ฒ€ํ† : Yunjung Nam
ํ˜„์žฌ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ 10์–ต ์—ฌ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
00:13
So right now, nearly one billion people globally
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00:17
don't have access to electricity in their homes.
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์ง‘์—์„œ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
And in sub-Saharan Africa,
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๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์ด๋‚จ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜
00:21
more than half of the population remain in the dark.
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์ธ๊ตฌ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ƒ์ด ์–ด๋‘  ์†์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:25
So you probably all know this image from NASA.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‚˜์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ฐ์€ ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
There's a name for this darkness.
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์ด ์–ด๋‘ ์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:30
It's called "energy poverty,"
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๋ฐ”๋กœ "์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋นˆ๊ณค"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
and it has massive implications for economic development
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์ด ์ด๋ฆ„์—” ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ณต์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
00:35
and social well-being.
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๋งŽ์€ ํ•จ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ด๊ฒจ ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:36
One unique aspect of the energy poverty problem in sub-Saharan Africa --
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์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์ด๋‚จ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋นˆ๊ณค ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
00:40
and by the way, in this talk when I "energy," I mean "electricity" --
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์šฐ์„ , ์ด ์—ฐ์„ค์—์„œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹จ ๊ฑธ ๋จผ์ € ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
00:44
one thing that's unique about it is
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์ ์€
00:46
there isn't much legacy infrastructure already in place
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๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—
00:48
in many countries of the region.
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๊ฐ€๋™ ์ค‘์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์„ค์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
So, for example, according to 2015 data,
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์‹ค๋ก€๋กœ 2015๋…„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
00:54
the total installed electricity capacity in sub-Saharan Africa
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์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์ด๋‚จ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€
00:57
is only about 100 gigawatts.
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์ „์ฒด 100๊ธฐ๊ฐ€์™€ํŠธ ๋ฐ–์— ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
That's similar to that of the UK.
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์˜๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ •๋„์ฃ .
01:02
So this actually presents a unique opportunity
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
to build an energy system in the 21st century
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๋ฐ”๋กœ 21์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„
๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ์ฃ .
01:08
almost from scratch.
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01:10
The question is: How do you do that?
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์ฃ .
01:13
We could look back to the past and replicate the ways
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ 
์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
01:16
in which we've managed to bring stable, affordable electricity
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์•ˆ์ •์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
to a big part of the world's population.
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01:22
But we all know that that has some well-known terrible side effects,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋น„์‹ธ๊ณ  ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋ฐ๋‹ค
01:25
such as pollution and climate change,
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ค์—ผ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฐ™์€
01:28
in addition to being costly and inefficient.
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๋”์ฐํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ๋„ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹จ ๊ฑธ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:30
With Africa's population set to quadruple by the end of the century,
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21์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 4๋ฐฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
01:34
this is not a theoretical question.
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์ด๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
Africa needs a lot of energy, and it needs it fast,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ธ‰ํžˆ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
because its population is booming and its economy needs to develop.
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์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํญ๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
01:44
So for most countries, the general trajectory of electrification
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ „๋ ฅํ™” ๋ฐฉ์‹์€
01:47
has been as follows.
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๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
First, large-scale grid infrastructure is put in place,
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์ผ๋‹จ ์ƒ๋‹น๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
01:52
usually with significant public investment.
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๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ง ์‹œ์„ค์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
That infrastructure then powers productive centers,
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์ด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์„ค์€ ์ดํ›„์— ๊ณต์žฅ์ด๋‚˜
01:57
such as factories, agricultural mechanization,
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๋†์—… ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ™”, ์˜๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์—… ๋“ฑ์—
02:00
commercial enterprises and the like.
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์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:03
And this then stimulates economic growth,
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ
02:05
creating jobs, raising incomes
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์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ ์ฐฝ์ถœ, ์†Œ๋“ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
02:08
and producing a virtuous cycle
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์ „๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
02:09
that helps more people afford more appliances,
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ๋” ํ•˜๋Š”
02:12
which then creates residential demand for electricity.
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์„ ์ˆœํ™˜์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
But in sub-Saharan Africa, despite decades of energy projects,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์ด๋‚จ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋์Œ์—๋„
02:19
we haven't really seen these benefits.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ง›๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
The energy projects have often been characterized by waste,
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ์ž์ฃผ ๋‚ญ๋น„, ๋ถ€ํŒจ,
02:25
corruption and inefficiency;
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๋น„ํšจ์œจ๋กœ ํŠน์ง•์ง€์–ด์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:27
our rural electrification rates are really low,
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์‹œ๊ณจ ์ „๋ ฅ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋ฅ ์€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๊ณ 
02:30
and our urban rates could be better;
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๋„์‹œ ์ „๋ ฅ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋ฅ ์€ ๋” ๋†’์•„์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:32
the reliability of our electricity is terrible;
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์€ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋ฉฐ
02:36
and we have some of the highest electricity prices in the whole world.
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์ „๊ธฐ์„ธ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น„์‹ผ ํŽธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
And on top of all of this,
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๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„
02:41
we are now facing the impacts of the growing climate catastrophe head-on.
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์ด์ œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„ ์žฌ์•™์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
So Africa will need to find a different path.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ์— ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธธ์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
And, as it turns out, we are now witnessing
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ
02:51
some pretty exciting disruption in the African energy space.
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹ ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์ฃ .
02:55
This new path is called off-grid solar,
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์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๋…๋ฆฝํ˜• ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ
02:58
and it's enabled by cheap solar panels,
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์ €๋ ดํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ํŒจ๋„,
03:00
advances in LED and battery technology,
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LED์™€ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ,
03:02
and combined with innovative business models.
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ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
So these off-grid solar products typically range from a single light
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์ด ๋…๋ฆฝํ˜• ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์€ ํ•œ์ค„๊ธฐ ๋น›๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€์ •์šฉ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ํ‚คํŠธ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
to home system kits that can charge phones,
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์ด ํ‚คํŠธ๋กœ ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ์„ ์ถฉ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:12
power a television
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ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „์„ ์ผœ๊ณ 
03:14
or run a fan.
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์„ ํ’๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
03:15
I want to be clear:
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๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
03:16
off-grid solar is a big deal in Africa.
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๋…๋ฆฝํ˜• ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ํฐ ์ผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
I have worked in the sector for years,
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์ „ ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
03:21
and these products are enabling us to extend basic energy services
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์ด ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ
03:25
to some of the world's poorest,
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ทน๋นˆ์ธต์—๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:26
raising their quality of life.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๋†’์—ฌ์ฃผ์ฃ .
03:28
This is a very good and a very important thing.
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์ด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ผ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์ด๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
However, off-grid solar will not solve energy poverty in Africa,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋…๋ฆฝํ˜• ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง„ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
and for that matter,
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„ 
03:37
neither will a top-down effort to connect every unserved household
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์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€์ •์— ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜ํ–ฅ์‹ ์‹œ๋„๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ฃ .
03:40
to the grid.
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03:42
See, I'm not here to rehash that played-out "on-versus-off-grid"
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์ €๋Š” "์ „๋ ฅ๋ง ๋Œ€ ๋…๋ฆฝํ˜•"์ด๋ผ๋“ ์ง€
"์˜› ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋Œ€ ์ƒˆ ๋ฐฉ์‹" ๊ฐ™์€
03:46
or "old-versus-new" debate.
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๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
Instead,
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๋Œ€์‹ ์—
03:49
I believe that our inability to grapple with and truly address
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋นˆ๊ณค ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
03:53
energy poverty in Africa
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์ง„์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋ฐ๋Š”
03:54
stems from three main sources.
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์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
First, we don't really have a clear understanding
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๋จผ์ €, ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋นˆ๊ณค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€,
03:59
of what energy poverty is, or how deep it goes.
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๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
Second, we are avoiding complex systemic issues
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๋˜, ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์€ ์™ธ๋ฉดํ•˜๊ณ 
04:05
and prefer quick fixes.
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๋น ๋ฅธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜์ฃ .
04:07
And third, we are misdirecting concerns about climate change.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฑฑ์ •์„ ์ž˜๋ชป ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
Combined, these three mistakes are leading us to impose a Western debate
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์ด ์„ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํ•ฉ์ณ์ ธ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
04:15
on the future of energy
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์„œ๊ตฌ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•˜๊ณ 
04:16
and falling back on paternalistic attitudes towards Africa.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜จ์ •์ฃผ์˜์  ํƒœ๋„์— ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
So let me try and unpack these three questions.
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์ €๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
First, what exactly is energy poverty?
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์ฒซ์งธ, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋นˆ๊ณค์ด๋ž€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
04:25
The main energy poverty targeted indicator
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ๊ฒจ๋ƒฅํ•œ ์ฃผ๋œ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋Š”
04:27
is enshrined in the UN's Seventh Sustainable Development Goal,
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UN์˜ 7๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ชฉํ‘œ, SDG 7์— ๋ช…์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
or SDG 7.
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04:31
It calls for 100 percent of the world's population
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์ด๋Š” 2030๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
04:34
to have access to electricity by the year 2030.
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์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
This binary threshold, however,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋งŒ ํŒ๋‹จํ•ด
04:39
ignores the quality, reliability or utility of the power,
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์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ, ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ, ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์€ ๋ฌด์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
though indicators are currently being developed
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๋น„๋ก ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
04:45
that will try and capture these things.
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์ง€ํ‘œ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ค‘์ด์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
04:47
However, the question of when a household is considered "connected"
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ "์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š”" ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
04:51
is not quite clear-cut.
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๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
So, for example, last year the Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi
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์ž‘๋…„์— ์ธ๋„ ์ด๋ฆฌ์ธ ๋‚˜๋ Œ๋“œ๋ผ ๋ชจ๋””๋Š”
04:56
declared all of the villages in India electrified,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋งˆ์„์— ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ ์–ธํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
04:59
the criteria for electrification being
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์ „๋ ฅ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์€
05:01
a transformer in every village plus its public centers
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๋งˆ์„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
05:04
and 10 percent -- 10 percent -- of its households connected.
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10%์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์—๋งŒ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
Meanwhile,
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, SDG 7 ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”
05:10
the International Energy Agency, which tracks progress against SDG 7,
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05:15
defines energy access as 50 kilowatt hours per person per year.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ์ผ์ธ๋‹น ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ 50ํ‚ฌ๋กœ์™€ํŠธ์‹œ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
That's enough to power some light bulbs and charge a phone,
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์ด๋Š” ์ „๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ผœ๊ณ , ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ์„ ์ถฉ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ 
05:24
perhaps run a low-watt TV or fan for a few hours a day.
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์ €์ „๋ ฅ TV๋‚˜ ์„ ํ’๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ๋ช‡์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ž‘๋™์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
Now, providing entry-level access is an important first step,
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๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์ž‘์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
05:33
but let's not romanticize the situation.
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์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ฏธํ™”ํ•ด์„  ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
By any standard, a few lights and not much else
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ „๋“ฑ๋ถˆ ์™ธ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ์ค€์—์„œ๋“ 
05:39
is still living in energy poverty.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋นˆ๊ณค ์†์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
And what's more,
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๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
05:43
these energy poverty indicators and targets
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋นˆ๊ณค ์ง€ํ‘œ์™€ ๊ทน๋ณต ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€
05:46
cover only residential use.
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์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์šฉ ์ „๋ ฅ๋งŒ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
And yet, households account for just about one quarter
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ „๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์ •์šฉ์€
05:51
of the world's electricity consumption.
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1/4 ์ •๋„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
That's because most of our power is used in industries and for commerce.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณผ ์ƒ์—…์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
05:57
Which brings me to my main point:
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ œ ์š”์ง€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
countries cannot grow out of poverty without access to abundant,
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ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
06:03
affordable and reliable electricity to power these productive centers,
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์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋นˆ๊ณค์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
or what I call "Energy for Growth."
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์ „ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ "์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
As you can see from this graph,
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์ด ๋„ํ‘œ์—์„œ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด
06:12
there's simply no such thing as a low-energy, high-income country.
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์ „๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์ ์€๋ฐ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
It doesn't exist.
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์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
06:17
And yet, three billion people in the world
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง๋„ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ 30์–ต ๋ช…์ด
06:19
currently live in countries without reliable, affordable electricity --
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์ ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
not just to power their homes but also their factories,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ง‘๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณต์žฅ๊ณผ
06:26
their office buildings, their data centers
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ผํ„ฐ,
06:29
and other economic activities.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ํ™œ๋™์—๋„์š”.
06:31
Merely electrifying households and microenterprises
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๊ฐ€์ •๊ณผ ์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…์— ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋งŒ์œผ๋ก 
06:34
cannot solve this deeper energy poverty.
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๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋นˆ๊ณค์€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
To solve energy poverty,
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„ 
06:38
we need to deliver reliable, affordable electricity at scale,
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๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ง์—…์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์†Œ๋“์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„์˜
06:43
to power economy-wide job creation and income growth.
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์•ˆ์ •์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
This need, however, bumps against an emerging narrative that,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์€
06:51
faced with climate change,
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋งž์„œ
06:52
we all need to transition from large, centralized power systems
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์ค‘์•™ ์ง‘์ค‘์—์„œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ์ „๋ ฅ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ
06:56
to small-scale distributed power.
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์ „ํ™˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜์ฃ .
06:59
The growth of off-grid solar in Africa --
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ๋…๋ฆฝํ˜• ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด
07:01
and let me repeat, off-grid solar is a good thing --
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ๋…๋ฆฝํ˜• ๋ฐœ์ „์€ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
but that growth fits nicely into this narrative
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Š” ์ข€ ์ „์— ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
07:07
and has led to those claims that Africa is leapfrogging the old ways of energy
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜์–ด ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ์ค‘์ธ๋ฐ
07:11
and building its power system from the ground up,
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์— ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ํŒจ๋„์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
07:14
one solar panel at a time.
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์ฃผ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
It's a nice, solicitous narrative, but also quite naรฏve.
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๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ์„ธ์‹ฌํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ด๋‚˜ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ˆœ์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
Like many narratives of technological disruption,
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์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ๋ฐธ๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ํ•ญ์„ ๋ฐ›์€
07:24
often inspired by Silicon Valley,
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ด€๋ จ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
07:26
it takes for granted the existing systems that underpin all of this transformation.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
You see, when it comes to innovating and energy,
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ํ˜์‹ ๊ณผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„ 
07:35
the West is working around the edges of a system that is tried and tested.
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์„œ์–‘์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์‹œ๋„๋˜๊ณ  ์‹œํ—˜๋œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
And so all the sexy stuff --
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค,
07:41
the rooftop solar,
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์ง€๋ถ•ํ˜• ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ด๋ผ๋˜์ง€
07:43
the smart household devices, the electric vehicles --
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์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํ™ˆ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ, ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋“ฑ
07:46
all of this is built on top of a massive and absolutely essential grid,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž…์ฆ๋œ ์ œ๋„๊ถŒ ๋‚ด์— ์žˆ๋Š”
07:50
which itself exists within a proven governance framework.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ง ์œ„์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
Even the most advanced countries in the world
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์กฐ์ฐจ๋„
07:57
don't have an example of an energy system that is all edges and no center at scale.
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์ค‘์‹ฌ ์—†์ด ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ๋งŒ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
So ultimately, no approach --
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ์— ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
08:05
be it centralized or distributed, renewable or fossil-based --
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์ค‘์•™ ์ง‘์ค‘์ด๋“  ๋ถ„์‚ฐํ˜•์ด๋“  ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋“  ํ™”์„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋“ 
08:09
can succeed in solving energy poverty
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๊ธ‰๋ถ€์ƒ ์ค‘์ธ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ฐ ์ƒ์—… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—
08:12
without finding a way to deliver reliable, affordable electricity
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์•ˆ์ •์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด
08:16
to Africa's emerging industrial and commercial sectors.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋นˆ๊ณค ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
So, it's not just lights in every rural home.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ๊ณจ์ง‘์— ๋ถˆ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
It's power for Africa's cities that are growing fast
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๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋„์‹œ์™€
08:27
and increasingly full of young, capable people
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์ ˆ๋ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง์—…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ Š๊ณ  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ
08:29
in desperate need of a job.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
This in turn will require significant interconnectivity
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
and economies of scale,
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08:37
making a robust and modern grid
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋นˆ๊ณค ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ
08:39
a crucial piece of any energy poverty solution.
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๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ง์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„ ์š”.
08:43
So, our second mistake is falling for the allure of the quick fix.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋น ๋ฅธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์˜ ๋งค๋ ฅ์— ๋น ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
You see, energy poverty exists
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋นˆ๊ณค ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
08:50
within a complex socioeconomic and political context.
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ์ •์น˜์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ ์†์—์„œ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ฃ .
08:54
And part of the appeal of new electrification models
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๋…๋ฆฝํ˜• ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ํŒจ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ „๋ ฅ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๋งค๋ ฅ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
08:57
such as off-grid solar, for example,
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08:59
is they can often bypass the glacial pace and inefficiency of government.
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๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋Š๋ฆฐ ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ ๋›ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
See, with small systems you can skip the bureaucracies and the utilities
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์ž‘์€ ์žฅ์น˜๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ œ์™€ ๊ณต์ต ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ๋›ฐ์–ด ๋„˜์–ด
09:08
and sell directly to customers.
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์†Œ๋น„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ง์ ‘ ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
But to confront energy poverty,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋นˆ๊ณค์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„ 
09:13
you cannot ignore governments, you cannot ignore institutions,
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์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•ด์„œ๋„, ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•ด๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๊ณ 
09:16
you cannot ignore the many players involved in making, moving
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๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์†ก์ „ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
09:20
and using electricity at scale,
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ฃ .
09:23
which is a way to say that when it comes to providing energy for growth,
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์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•  ๋•
09:26
it's not just about innovating the technology,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹ ๋งŒ์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
09:29
it's about the slow and hard work of improving governance, institutions
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ํ†ต์น˜์™€ ์ œ๋„, ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„
๋Š๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
09:34
and the broader macroenvironment.
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09:37
OK, so this is all good and nice, you say.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค ์ข‹๊ณ  ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
09:40
But what about climate change?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค๊ฐ€์š”?
09:42
How do we ensure a high-energy future for everyone
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
09:46
while also curbing our emissions?
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๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰๋„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜์ฃ ?
09:49
Well, we'll have to make some complex tradeoffs,
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์ด์ œ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
09:52
but I believe that a high-energy future for Africa
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ๊ณ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋Š”
09:54
is not mutually exclusive to a low-carbon future.
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์ €ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์™€ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๋ฐฐํƒ€์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
And make no mistake:
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฑด,
09:59
the world cannot expect Africa to remain in energy poverty
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ฐ€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋นˆ๊ณค ์ƒํƒœ์—
10:02
because of climate change.
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๋‚จ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
10:11
Actually, the facts show that the opposite is true.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ง„์‹ค์€ ์ •๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:15
Energy will be essential for Africa to adapt to climate change
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์ ์‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๋ ค๋ฉด
10:18
and build resilience.
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์ „๋ ฅ์€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด์ฃ .
10:19
You see, rising temperatures will mean increased demand for space cooling
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๊ธฐ์˜จ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ, ๋ƒ‰์žฅ ์‹œ์„ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
and cold storage.
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10:25
Declining water tables will mean increased pumped irrigation.
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์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋ฉด์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋ฉด ์–‘์ˆ˜ ๊ด€๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜์ฃ .
10:28
And extreme weather and rising sea levels will require a significant expansion
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๊ธฐ์ƒ ์ด๋ณ€์ด๋‚˜ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ
๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ํ™•์ถฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ํ…Œ๊ณ ์š”.
10:32
and reinforcement of our infrastructure.
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10:35
These are all energy-intensive activities.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™œ๋™์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
So balancing climate change and Africa's pressing need
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„์ ˆํžˆ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์™€
10:42
to transition to a high-energy future
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋งž์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฑด
10:44
will be tough.
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์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
But doing so is nonnegotiable; we will have to find a way.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์ด์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
The first step is broadening the terms of the debate
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์ฒซ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ํ† ๋ก ์˜ ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ์–‘์žํƒ์ผ์˜ ํ‹€์—์„œ
10:52
away from this either-or framing.
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ํ™•์žฅ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
And we also must stop romanticizing solutions
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๋˜ํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ๋ฏธํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ์„œ
10:57
that distract us from the core challenges.
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ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋†“์น˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
And let's not also forget that Africa is endowed with vast natural resources,
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๋˜, ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์›๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฒœ์—ฐ ์ž์›์ด
11:05
including significant renewable potential.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์žŠ์–ด์„  ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
For example, in Kenya, where I'm from,
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์ œ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์ธ ์ผ€๋ƒ์—์„œ๋Š”
11:11
geothermal power accounts for half of our electricity generation,
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์ง€์—ด ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ „์ฒด ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ 
11:15
and with hydro being the other major source,
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์ˆ˜๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ณต๊ธ‰์›์œผ๋กœ
11:17
we are already mainly powered by renewable energy.
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์ด๋ฏธ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์š” ๋™๋ ฅ์›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
We also just brought online Africa's largest wind farm
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๋˜, ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํ’๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ์™€
11:23
and East Africa's biggest solar facility.
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๋™์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ตœ๋Œ€์˜ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ์šด์˜ ์ค‘์ด์ฃ .
11:26
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
11:30
In addition,
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์ด์— ๋”ํ•ด,
11:32
new technology means that we can now run and design our power systems
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์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์ „๋ ฅ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„, ์šด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
11:36
and use energy more efficiently than ever,
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์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
11:38
doing more with less.
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์ตœ์†Œ ๋น„์šฉ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํšจ์œจ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
Energy efficiency will be an important tool
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ์€ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
11:42
in the fight against climate change.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
So in closing, I'd just like to say that Africa is a real place with real people,
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๋์œผ๋กœ, ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊พ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
11:51
navigating complex challenges and major transitions,
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์‹ค์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
just like any other region of the world.
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11:56
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
12:02
And while each country and each region
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๋˜, ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€ ์ง€์—ญ๋งˆ๋‹ค
12:05
has its social, economic and political quirks,
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์ •์น˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
12:08
the physics of electricity are the same everywhere.
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์ „๊ธฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์€ ์–ด๋””๋‚˜ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„์š”.
12:10
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
12:14
And the energy needs of our economies
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ˆ˜์š”๋Š”
12:17
are just as intensive as those of any other economy.
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์—ฌํƒ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:21
So, the expansion of household electrification
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์ „๋ ฅ๋ง๊ณผ ๋…๋ฆฝํ˜• ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜
12:24
through a mix of on- and off-grid solutions
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๊ฐ€์ • ์ „๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฅ ์˜ ํ™•์žฅ์€
12:26
has had an incredible impact in Africa.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:28
But they are nowhere near sufficient for solving energy poverty.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋นˆ๊ณค ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์—” ํ„ฑ์—†์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜์ฃ .
12:32
To solve energy poverty,
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„ 
12:34
we need generation of electricity from diverse sources at scale
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณผ
12:38
and modern grids to power a high-energy future,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ธ๋“ค์ด ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™œ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ
12:40
in which Africans can enjoy modern living standards
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๋ด‰๊ธ‰ ์ข‹์€ ์ง์žฅ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ
12:43
and well-paying jobs.
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์ „๋ ฅ๋ง์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:45
Africans deserve this,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ธ์€ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฆด ์ž๊ฒฉ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
12:47
and with one of every four people in the world projected to be African
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2100๋…„์—๋Š” ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ 4๋ช… ์ค‘ ํ•œ๋ช…์ด
์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ธ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
12:51
by the year 2100,
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์ด๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์—๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
the planet needs it.
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12:54
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:55
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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