How to Build for Human Life on Mars | Melodie Yashar | TED

75,205 views ใƒป 2022-10-04

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: kyungai Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : ํ•œ๋‚˜ ์ตœ
00:04
Let's imagine together we've gone on an eight-month journey
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ 8๊ฐœ์›”๋™์•ˆ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
00:09
and arrived to the planet Mars.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ง‰ ํ™”์„ฑ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
Yes, Mars.
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๋„ค. ํ™”์„ฑ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
Somehow we'll have to figure out
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00:17
how to build protective and durable structures
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๋ฐฉ์–ด์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
00:20
to shield us against solar radiation,
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ํƒœ์–‘์—ด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
00:23
galactic cosmic rays and extreme temperatures swings.
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์€ํ•˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ , ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋งž์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
ํ™”์„ฑ ํƒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋• ์ง€๊ตฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•œ์ •์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
On a Mars mission, there's only so much that we can bring with us from Earth.
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00:33
And it's prohibitively expensive
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜ ํ†ค์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ• ์ž์žฌ๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋กœ ์˜์•„์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
00:35
to launch tons and tons of construction materials into space.
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์–ด๋งˆ์–ด๋งˆํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋“ค์ฃ .
00:41
So to realize a pioneering habitat
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ ์  ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€์ปค์ง€๊ณ ,
00:46
that progressively grows,
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์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์ „์ดˆ๊ธฐ์ง€์— ์ ์‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š”
00:49
adapts and expands into a permanent outpost,
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๊ฐœ์ฒ™์ ์ธ ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„ ,
00:54
we have to think differently about how we build.
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๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
These habitats and the robots that build them
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์„œ์‹์ง€์™€ ๊ฑด์„ค ๋กœ๋ด‡๋“ค์€
01:02
will enable humanity to thrive off-world.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์™ธ๋ถ€์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฒˆ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
I am a space architect.
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ ์„ค๊ณ„์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
I design and conceive habitats supporting human exploration in deep space,
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ํƒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์„œ์‹์ง€๋“ค์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
like on the surface of Mars.
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ํ™”์„ฑ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ํƒ์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
01:19
Not only do I design spaces for optimal crew health and performance,
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์ €๋Š” ํŒ€์›๋“ค์˜ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์‹ค์ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋“ค์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
01:25
but I also investigate what these habitats are
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์„œ์‹์ง€๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
01:28
and how they're going to be built.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฑด์„คํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
Now, Mars is so far from us
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ํ˜„์žฌ, ํ™”์„ฑ์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
that communications delays can take up to 22 minutes
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ํŽธ๋„๋กœ ์ง€๊ตฌ๊นŒ์ง€, ๋˜๋Š” ํ™”์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์†Œํ†ต์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ
01:40
one way to or from Earth.
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22๋ถ„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์—ฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:43
And what that means is that we can't rely on real-time telerobotics
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™”์„ฑ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฑด์„ค์„ ๊ฐ๋…ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด,
01:47
controlled by people on Earth
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์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์กฐ์ข…ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์›๊ฒฉ๋กœ๋ด‡์—๋Š”
01:50
to supervise what happens in construction on Mars
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์˜์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
or for that matter, to supervise anything that happens
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋กœ, ํ–‰์„ฑ ํƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ๋…์„
01:57
when we're exploring the planet.
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์›๊ฒฉ๋กœ๋ด‡์— ์˜์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”.
01:59
But if we leverage autonomous robotics,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ž์œจ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
02:04
we'll send 3D printers and other construction robots
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณดํ˜ธ์†Œ์™€ ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ์ง“๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
02:07
to build protective habitats and shelters
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3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํ„ฐ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฑด์„ค ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
before the crew even arrives.
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ํŒ€์›๋“ค์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์ „์—์š”.
02:16
So how exactly would 3D printers build a habitat on Mars?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ™”์„ฑ์— ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:22
Well, first we have to figure out what these structures are made out of.
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์ž, ์šฐ์„  ๋ฌด์—‡์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ์ง€์„์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
Just like early civilizations, will use in situ regolith,
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ,
02:32
commonly known as dirt,
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๋ณดํ†ต ํ™์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ํšŒ์„๊ณผ
02:34
and other resources that are local and indigenous to the planet,
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ํ™”์„ฑ ํ˜„์ง€์—์„œ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ† ์ฐฉ ์ž์›๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
including water,
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๋ฌผ๋„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
02:39
and possibly combine them with additives and binders
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€์ œ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ,
02:43
that we bring from Earth
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๊ทธ ์ž์›๋“ค์„ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
02:45
to engineer high-performance construction materials.
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๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ• ์ž์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
Our goal when we're designing these habitats
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•  ๋•Œ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š”
02:52
is to introduce an airtight structure
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๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์••๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฒฌ๋”œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
02:55
that can withstand internal pressurization,
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๋ฐ€ํ๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
02:58
which is what will allow people to live
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ˆจ์‰ฌ๊ธฐ ํŽธํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜จํ™”ํ•œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ
03:00
in a breathable and temperate environment on the inside.
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์‚ด์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
The robots that we deploy on Mars
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™”์„ฑ์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡๋“ค์€
03:08
will need to perceive and interpret the complexity of a construction site
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๊ฑด์„คํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•จ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
03:13
in order to sequence and choreograph different types of tasks.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ์ˆœ์„œํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ํŽธ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
03:17
These tasks will include prospecting Mars and surveying for a site to build,
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๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์—…๋ฌด๋Š” ํ™”์„ฑ์„ ํƒ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑด์„ค๋ถ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,
03:22
collecting raw materials,
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์›์ž์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,
03:23
processing those materials and maneuvering them around.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฑ„์ทจํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
Some of these bots might resemble the character Wall-E,
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ Wall-E๋ฅผ ๋‹ฎ์•˜์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
03:31
except, you know, not so cute.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ท€์—ฝ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ฒ ์ฃ .
03:34
Once the site has been excavated and foundations are printed,
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๊ฑด์„ค๋ถ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ตด๋˜๊ณ  ํ† ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํ”„๋ฆฐํŠธ๋˜๋ฉด
03:38
these structures are manufactured layer by layer by layer.
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๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ํ•œ์ธต, ํ•œ์ธต์”ฉ ์ง€์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
And as construction progresses,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ,
03:45
prebuilt and preintegrated hardware
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์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ ์—์–ด๋ฝ์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ๋ช… ์œ ์ง€ ์žฅ์น˜ ๊ฐ™์€
03:47
like airlocks or life support equipment brought from Earth
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๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์ œ์กฐ๋˜๊ณ  ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋œ ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด๋“ค์ด
03:51
are inserted into the print
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ํ”„๋ฆฐํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์‚ฝ์ž…์ด ๋˜๊ณ ,
03:54
until finally they're sealed at various connection points.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋ก  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ถ€์œ„์—์„œ ๋ด‰์ธ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
To do more than just survive in space,
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์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์ƒ์กด ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„ 
04:03
we need to create environments that positively contribute to well-being
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ํ–‰๋ณต์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
for months and years into the future.
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ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ, ๋ช‡ ๋…„๋™์•ˆ์š”.
04:11
And as more civilian astronauts travel to space,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋น„ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ์ฃผ๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ์ˆ˜๋ก,
04:16
it's important that our environments
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ตญ์ œ ์šฐ์ฃผ ์ •๊ฑฐ์žฅ์˜
04:17
are more than the tightly packed mechanical interiors
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๋นฝ๋นฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์–ด ์ฐฌ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ์ธํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์–ด๊ฐ€
04:21
of the International Space Station,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
which today represents the state of the art
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์˜ค๋žœ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•  ๋•Œ
04:26
for long-duration human life in space.
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์•„์ง ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ง€๋Š” ์ตœ์‹  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด์ฃ .
04:30
We also want to incorporate practical architectural elements
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ๊ฑด์ถ•์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
such as access to natural light through windows and greenery.
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์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์ด๋‚˜ ๋…น์ง€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ž์—ฐ๊ด‘ ์ด์šฉ ๋“ฑ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:37
These were features that were missing aboard the space station
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ๊ฑด์„ค์˜๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์„ ๋•Œ
04:40
when it was first commissioned,
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์šฐ์ฃผ ์ •๊ฑฐ์žฅ์— ์—†๋Š” ํŠน์ง•๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
04:42
but which we know are critical to positive psychological functioning
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ–‰๋ณต์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด
04:46
and well-being.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
For long duration missions in deep space,
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๋จผ ์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ž„๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ๋•,
04:51
it's important that crew members feel less like they're living in a machine
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ํŒ€์›๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋œ ๋ฐ›๊ณ ,
04:56
and more like they're living in a home.
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์ง‘์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋” ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
There are other ways of approaching habitat construction on Mars.
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ํ™”์„ฑ ์„œ์‹์ง€ ๊ฑด์„ค์—” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
Hard-shell or inflatable structures
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๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•œ ๊ป์งˆ์ด๋‚˜ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์‹ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ๋“ค์€
05:08
may not provide the radiation protection that we need,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
and living underground in lava tubes
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€ํ•˜ ์šฉ์•”๋™๊ตด์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฑด
05:13
doesn't quite support direct surface exploration on the planet.
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ํ™”์„ฑ์˜ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ํƒ์‚ฌ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
05:18
And also, why would you travel for eight months to live underground?
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์™œ ์ง€ํ•˜์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด 8๊ฐœ์›”๋™์•ˆ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:23
Designing structures in space is all about mitigating risks
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์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์™„ํ™”์ด๊ธฐ์—,
05:27
and the habitats that we create will need to be the most durable
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์„œ์‹์ง€๋Š” ์ƒ์ƒ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์žˆ๊ณ 
05:31
and the most resilient structures ever conceived.
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ํƒ„์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ• ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
Future off-world surface habitats
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ํŒ€์›๋“ค์ด ์—†์„ ๋• ์ž๋™ ๊ฐ€๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
05:37
will be self-regulating and self-maintained structures
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ํ™”์„ฑ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์ „์—, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•, ์•ˆ์ „์— ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ
05:41
to support the crew members while they're there,
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๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€๋‹ต ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
but also to operate autonomously when they are not.
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05:50
Before we send anyone to Mars,
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05:52
we need data to answer some very key questions
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05:55
about human health, safety,
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05:57
and to validate each of these construction activities.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฑด์„คํ™œ๋™๋“ค์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
Fortunately for us, we have a testbed and a proving ground
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๋‹คํ–‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ›จ์”ฌ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด
06:04
much, much closer to Earth.
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์‹œํ—˜์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
That's our own Moon.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‹ฌ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
Today we're working with NASA
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์ตœ๊ทผ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” NASA์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜
06:11
to demonstrate how we'll 3D-print infrastructure
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๋‹ฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์œ„์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
06:13
like landing pads, roadways and eventually habitats
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์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์‹œ์„ค, ๋„๋กœ, ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋ก  ์„œ์‹์ง€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ์„ค์„
06:18
directly on the lunar surface.
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3-D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŠธ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค์น˜ํ• ์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
The Moon is a critical pit stop to refuel, resupply
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๋‹ฌ์€ ์žฌ์ถฉ์ „, ์žฌ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ •์ฐจ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์ด ๋  ๊ฑฐ๊ณ 
06:26
and serve as a general platform for vehicles traveling to deep space,
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๋จผ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ๋“ค์—๊ฒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ• ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
and we'll use the technologies establishing a permanent human presence
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ํ™”์„ฑ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ์„ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
06:35
on the Moon to travel to, from and operate on the surface of Mars.
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๊ฑด์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ฃผ๋‘” ๊ธฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
What else are we doing to advance the viability of 3D printing
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๊ทธ ์™ธ์— ์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ฑด์ถ•์‹œ 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŒ…์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
06:47
for building in space?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
06:49
Well, for one thing,
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์ž, ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
06:50
we can demonstrate that 3D-printed structures
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŠธ ๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ง€๊ตฌ ๊ฐ™์€
06:53
can support people in a mission-like environment
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์–ด๋ ค์šด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์†์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
06:56
right here on Earth,
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๋ณด์—ฌ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
and use data from those experiments to set standards and requirements
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ํ™”์„ฑํƒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ
07:02
for future Mars missions.
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๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ํ•„์š”์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:04
This is what we did in designing and building Mars Dune Alpha,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์Šค ๋“„ ์•ŒํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
a 3D-printed analog habitat at the Johnson Space Center in Houston,
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ํœด์Šคํ„ด์˜ ์กด์Šจ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ผํ„ฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŠธ๋œ ์œ ์‚ฌ ์„œ์‹์ง€์ด๋ฉฐ,
07:14
referred to as the Crew Health and Performance Exploration Analog --
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โ€œํŒ€์› ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์น˜ ํƒ์‚ฌ ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธโ€ ๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
that's a really long name, I know --
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๋„ค, ์ •๋ง ๊ธด ์ด๋ฆ„์ด๋„ค์š”.
07:20
this structure will house four volunteer crew members
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์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์€ ํ™”์„ฑ์—์„œ์˜ 1๋…„ ๋ฏธ์…˜์„ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ํ•  4๋ช…์˜ ์ž์›์ž์—๊ฒŒ
07:24
simulating a one-year mission to Mars,
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๊ฑฐ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์ค„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
07:26
including a 20-minute communications delay.
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20๋ถ„๋™๊ฐ„์˜ ํ†ต์‹  ์ง€์—ฐ๋„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ์š”.
07:29
The first mission is kicking off later this year,
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ž„๋ฌด๋Š” ์˜ฌํ•ด ๋ง์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
07:32
but you could actually apply to be a crew member in this habitat
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์„œ์‹์ง€์˜ ํŒ€์›์œผ๋กœ
07:36
sometime in the future.
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์ง€์›ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
07:38
Or if you're not so inclined,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ฉ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋‚ดํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
07:39
you can suggest it to someone else in the name of research.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ถŒ์œ ํ•ด๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:44
If you're one of the chosen few,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์–ด๋ ค๋ถ„์ด ์„ ํƒ๋œ ๋ช‡ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ค‘ ํ•œ๋ช…์ด๋ผ๋ฉด,
07:46
you'll be sharing 1700 square feet of living and working areas
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1700 ํ‰๋ฐฉ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€์™€ ์ž‘์—…๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ 3๋ช…๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
with three others, and that includes an aeroponic garden for plant growth,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๊ธฐ๊ฒฝ์žฌ๋ฐฐ ์ •์›๊ณผ
07:55
a communications area, an exercise room,
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ํ†ต์‹ ๊ตฌ์—ญ, ์—ฐ์Šต์‹ค,
07:58
as well as individual crew cabins that are very cozy,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋กœ 6ํ”ผํŠธ, ์„ธ๋กœ 12ํ”ผํŠธ์ธ
08:01
just six by 12 feet.
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์•„์ฃผ ์•„๋Š‘ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์˜ค๋‘๋ง‰์ง‘์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ฃ .
08:04
Some of you may be thinking,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
"Well, building in space,
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โ€œ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์šฐ์ฃผ์— ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์ง“๋Š”๊ฑด
08:09
this is a topic pretty far removed from our day-to-day lives.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋™๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ์ฃผ์ œ์˜ˆ์š”.โ€
08:14
How might it impact what we do on Earth today?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ•˜๋Š”์ผ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น ๊นŒ์š”?
08:18
In my experience, designing for an extreme environment
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์ œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ƒ,
08:22
that is the most restrictive and that presents the most constraints,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
08:29
and which literally no human has ever gone before,
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๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ์  ์—†๋Š” ๊ทนํ•œ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
08:34
is what gives us the best chances of creatively engineering solutions
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
08:38
to problems here on Earth
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์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณต ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
that seem completely beyond our grasp today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:43
Problems like housing solutions for the chronically homeless
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๋งŒ์„ฑ์ ์ธ ๋…ธ์ˆ™์ž๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํ•ด๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค,
08:48
or hurricane and disaster relief housing.
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ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ธ๊ณผ ์žฌ๋‚œ๊ตฌํ˜ธ ์ฃผํƒ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ์ด์š”.
08:51
Or rethinking sustainable practices within construction overall,
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑด์„ค ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ์˜ค๋žœ ๊ด€ํ–‰๋“ค์„ ์žฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํฌํ•จ์ด๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
08:56
which, according to the UN,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€, UN์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด,
08:58
is responsible for up to 30 percent of carbon emissions worldwide.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์˜ 30% ์ •๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
The autonomous technologies that we develop for building in space
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์— ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์€
09:09
redound to us on Earth.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
They feed back and pay dividends to how we reimagine
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„์™€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ๊ฑด์„ค ๊ด€ํ–‰์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ 
09:16
and reconceive construction happening today.
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์žฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ์ฃ .
09:21
The fact of the matter is that the most habitable planet
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๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‚ด๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ํ–‰์„ฑ์€
09:26
is the one we live on right now.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
I don't like treating space like it's a lifeboat for humanity
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ณ‘๋“  ์ง€๊ตฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์›ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š”
09:34
from an ailing planet Earth.
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๊ตฌ๋ช…๋ณดํŠธ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ „ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
We can either solve for how to build smarter and more sustainably today,
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๋” ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
09:43
or we'll have to think about designing for survival on an Earth more extreme
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์ €ํฌ๋“ค์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊ป ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ด์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
09:48
and more foreign than any of us have ever known.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ƒ์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
And this to me cannot be the primary reason or driver
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํƒํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
09:56
why we explore and venture into deep space.
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๋ชจํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ๋œ ์ด์œ ๋‚˜ ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
It's been over 50 years
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ ๊ถค๋„ ๋ฐ–์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•œ์ง€
10:06
since any human has traveled outside of Earth's orbit.
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50๋…„์ด ๋„˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
Things are about to change.
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์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
We will develop a permanent Moon base, and we will build autonomously on Mars.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ๋‹ฌ ๊ธฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ํ™”์„ฑ์— ๊ฑด์„ค์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
We are on the cusp of seeing radical transformation
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ˆˆ ์•ž์— ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
and how we build on Earth and how we push past limits
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
10:30
to a new frontier of human exploration in space.
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์ €ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์šฐ์ฃผ ํƒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค๋‹ค์ค„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
Thank you so much.
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์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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