A Socialist Perspective on the Pursuit of Happiness | Aaron Bastani | TED

83,852 views ใƒป 2023-01-26

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Naama Lieberman ืขืจื™ื›ื”: zeeva livshitz
00:04
Allow me to introduce myself.
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ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™.
00:07
Iโ€™m a writer, journalist
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ืื ื™ ืกื•ืคืจ, ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™,
00:10
and a socialist.
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ื•ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜.
00:11
I also used to be broke.
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ื’ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืจื•ืฉืฉ ืคืขื.
00:14
I did, for a long time.
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ื‘ืืžืช, ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ.
00:15
Being a student,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜,
00:17
trying to make a name for myself in the media industry
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ืžื ืกื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืœืขืฆืžื™ ืฉื ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช
00:20
and starting a media organization.
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ื•ื”ืงืžืชื™ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช.
00:22
I had to move 15 times in 15 years
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ื ืืœืฆืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื™ืจื” 15 ืคืขื ื‘-15 ืฉื ื™ื
00:26
because the rent in London just kept on going up.
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ื›ื™ ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขืœื•ืช.
00:30
Now, this taught me an important lesson, firsthand.
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ื–ื” ืœื™ืžื“ ืื•ืชื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
00:35
Namely, you can want to study public policy or astrophysics,
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ื•ื”ื•ื, ืฉืืชื” ืื•ืœื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืื• ืืกื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”,
00:39
you can want to make a name for yourself,
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžืš ืฉื,
00:42
you can want to do an honest dayโ€™s work.
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื•ืฉืจ.
00:44
But all of that is extraordinarily difficult
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืงืฉื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืจื’ื™ืœื”
00:47
if your mind is thinking about those unpaid bills.
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ืื ื”ืจืืฉ ืฉืœืš ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืฉื™ืœืžืช.
00:50
Or knowing, with the fullness of your heart,
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ืื• ื™ื•ื“ืข , ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื‘ืš,
00:54
that when you go to the cashpoint,
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ืฉื›ืฉืชืœืš ืœื›ืกืคื•ืžื˜,
00:55
it's going to respond "Insufficient funds."
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ื”ื•ื ื™ืขื ื” โ€œืื™ืŸ ื™ืชืจื” ืžืกืคื™ืงื”โ€œ.
00:58
Now, while I was going through all this --
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” --
01:01
which, I have to say, happened a little bit too long for my liking --
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ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“, ื–ืžืŸ ืืจื•ืš ืžื“ื™ ืœื˜ืขืžื™ --
01:04
I agreed with the ideas that I was reading from the liberal tradition,
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ื”ืกื›ืžืชื™ ืขื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืงืจืืชื™ ืžื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ืช,
01:09
namely that individuals are uniquely placed
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืžืžื•ืงืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™
01:13
to determine how their lives should unfold -- nobody else is.
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืื™ืš ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื™ืชืคืชื—ื• -- ื•ืœื ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจ.
01:16
For everybody in this room,
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ืœื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
01:18
the best person to decide how your life should unfold is you.
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ื”ืื“ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืื™ืš ื—ื™ื™ื›ื ื™ืชื ื”ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืืชื.
01:22
Thereโ€™s no higher authority, certainly not the state.
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ืื™ืŸ ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื˜ื— ืœื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
01:26
But what was equally clear
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื”
01:28
was that, in the absence of access to certain resources --
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื --
01:31
education, transport, health care and housing --
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ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื•ืจ --
01:35
that capacity for self-authorship is clearly limited for many people.
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ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื–ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื.
01:39
We clearly live in a society
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ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”
01:41
where what we view as liberty, the pursuit of happiness,
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ืฉื‘ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ื—ื™ืจื•ืช, ื›ื—ืชื™ืจื” ืœืื•ืฉืจ,
01:44
is limited for the majority of the global population.
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ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืœืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
01:48
For many, it's illusory.
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืจื‘ื™ื, ื–ื• ืืฉืœื™ื”.
01:51
It turns out that liberal ends of self-authorship,
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช,
01:55
of determining how your life should unfold,
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ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืขืฆืžืš ืืช ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ืš,
01:57
require socialist means.
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ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื.
02:00
The state must get involved.
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ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘.
02:02
Now, we live in a world where capitalism has completely prevailed.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ื–ื ืฉื•ืœื˜ ืœื’ืžืจื™.
02:07
It's won.
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ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืฆื—.
02:08
I was asked, behind stage, "What are you wearing?"
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ืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื™, ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืงืœืขื™ื, โ€œืจื™ื— ืžืขื•ืœื”, ืžื” ืืชื” ืฉื?โ€
02:10
I said, "Chanel Allure." And I'm the communist.
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ืืžืจืชื™ โ€œืฉืื ืœ ืืœื•ืจโ€œ. ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜.
02:13
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:14
OK? So I'm under no illusions --
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ืื•ืงื™ื™? ืื– ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืืฉืœื™ื•ืช --
02:16
it has completely prevailed.
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ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ื–ื ื ื™ืฆื— ืœื’ืžืจื™.
02:18
And the ideas driving it are those of economic liberalism.
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ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื ื™ืขื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื”ื ืืœื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ื–ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™.
02:21
Economic liberalism says what I've just said to you.
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ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ื–ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืžื” ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ืœื›ื ืงื•ื“ื.
02:24
The individual is uniquely placed to determine how their life unfolds,
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ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืžืžื•ืงื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื•,
02:28
and that this should happen through the market.
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ื•ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื.
02:30
But there's a problem.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื”.
02:33
While the market can be an extraordinary resource
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ืืžื ื ื”ืฉื•ืง ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืื‘ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืจื’ื™ืœ
02:35
to get the things you need to get to be who you want to be,
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ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช,
02:38
for many, it's the opposite.
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืจื‘ื™ื, ื–ื” ื”ื”ืคืš.
02:40
Itโ€™s a source of un-freedom.
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ื–ื” ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ื—ื•ืคืฉ.
02:42
It's a constraint.
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ื–ื• ืžื’ื‘ืœื”.
02:43
It's more akin to a system of rationing
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ื–ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœ ืงื™ืฆื•ื‘
02:46
than of prosperity.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืฉื’ืฉื•ื’.
02:51
We know this is the case for an increasing number of people,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื,
02:55
because the numbers don't lie.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœื ืžืฉืงืจื™ื.
02:57
In 2018, 40 million Americans used food stamps --
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ื‘-2018, 40 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื ืขื–ืจื• ื‘ืชืœื•ืฉื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ --
03:02
13 million more than in 2007, before the global financial crisis.
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13 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘-2007, ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™.
03:06
Clearly, something is broken.
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ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง, ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื‘ื•ืจ.
03:08
You can disagree with me about everything else,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืขืœื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ,
03:10
but those are the facts.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืœื” ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช.
03:12
In the UK, a much smaller country,
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ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”,
03:16
in 2016, 17 million people of working age
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ื‘-2016, ืœ-17 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
03:22
had 100 pounds or less savings.
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ื”ื™ื” 100 ืคืื•ื ื“ ืื• ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื•ืช.
03:25
They are one minor accident away from penury.
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ื”ื ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืชืื•ื ื” ืงืœื” ืื—ืช ืžื”ืชืจื•ืฉืฉื•ืช.
03:28
17 million people of working age.
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17 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
03:33
And on the thing that capitalism asks to be judged by,
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ื•ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœืคื™ื• ื”ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ื–ื ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ื™ืฉืคื˜,
03:36
global growth,
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ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช,
03:37
it says, "All this terrible stuff happens, inequality, poverty, whatever --
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ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ, โ€œื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืงื•ืจื™ื, ืื™-ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ, ืขื•ื ื™, ื›ืœ ื–ื” --
03:44
but we've still got growth."
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฆืžื™ื—ื”โ€œ.
03:46
Well, actually, the story isn't so great there either.
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ื‘ืขืฆื, ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื ื”ื“ืจ ื’ื ืฉื.
03:50
Despite the rise of China, global growth is in secular decline.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ืŸ, ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื“ืขื™ื›ื” ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช.
03:53
So, to be clear, the global economy is still growing,
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืกืจ ืกืคืง, ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืžื—ืช,
03:55
but at a smaller, slower rate, decade on decade.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื˜ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืขืฉื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ ืขืฉื•ืจ.
03:59
20 years ago, if you said the term "lost decade,"
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ืœืคื ื™ ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื”, ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ โ€œื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื‘ื•ื“โ€,
04:03
you were talking about Japan.
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ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื ืขืœ ื™ืคืŸ.
04:05
My apologies to anybody here of Japanese heritage.
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื ืฆืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื›ืืŸ ืžืžื•ืฆื ื™ืคื ื™.
04:08
Today, it's an appropriate term for much of the global economy.
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ื–ื” ืชืงืฃ ืœื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
04:11
From Britain to Italy, South Africa to Brazil,
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ืžื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืœืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”, ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืœื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ,
04:14
as one lost decade becomes two.
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ื›ืฉืขืฉื•ืจ ืื‘ื•ื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื.
04:18
And it gets worse.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžื—ืžื™ืจ.
04:20
This economic malaise we've seen over the last 15 years
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ื”ืฆืจื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘-15 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช
04:24
is surely to be joined by the climate crisis,
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ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืžืฆื˜ืจืคืช ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืืงืœื™ื,
04:26
and then, demographic aging, a crisis of elderly care.
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ื•ืื–, ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืžื•ื’ืจืคื™ื”, ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื.
04:30
It turns out that the opening decades of the 21st century,
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-21,
04:33
as bad as they were, for many,
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ืจืขื™ื ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื•, ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืจื‘ื™ื,
04:35
are merely the leading edge of a hurricane.
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ื”ื ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืงืฆื” ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ืงืŸ.
04:39
Now ...
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•...
04:41
despite everything I've just said to you,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ืœื›ื ื”ืจื’ืข,
04:44
I'm an optimist.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ืกื˜.
04:45
I believe that humans have the ingenuity to address all of these challenges
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื™ืฉ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ื”ืžืฆืื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”
04:52
and reach unprecedented prosperity and liberty for all.
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ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื’ืฉื•ื’ ื•ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื•ืœ.
04:57
That can happen by employing the state
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”
05:00
and leveraging the technology revolution.
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ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช.
05:02
I wrote a book about it.
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ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืกืคืจ.
05:03
It's called "Fully Automated Luxury Communism."
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ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื โ€œืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ื–ื ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸโ€œ.
05:07
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:08
The c-word.
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ืžื™ืœืช ื”-ืง.
05:09
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:11
Fully automated, because we need an economic system
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ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช
05:14
which reduces the necessity of human labor in the production process.
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ืฉืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ.
05:17
Luxury, because we need to expand
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ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ืช, ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘
05:19
the sense of liberty and leisure time for all.
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ืืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืคื ืื™ ืœื›ื•ืœื.
05:23
Communism, because what I believe is heading our way this century, maybe,
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ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ื–ื, ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืžื” ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืื” ื”ื–ื•, ืื•ืœื™,
05:27
could see the end of production for exchange
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชืžื•ืจืช ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ
05:29
and the necessity of humans to sell their labor for a wage.
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ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืžื›ืจื• ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืชืžื•ืจืช ืฉื›ืจ.
05:34
But in politics,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”,
05:35
big ideas only get you so far.
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ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื™ืงื—ื• ืื•ืชืš ืจื—ื•ืง.
05:37
That's been a problem for the Left historically,
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ื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžืืœ,
05:40
I don't know if you know.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื.
05:41
And what matters in the here and now, in 2022,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืžืฉื ื” ื›ืืŸ ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ืฉื ืช 2022,
05:44
are concrete proposals.
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ื”ืŸ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืงื•ื ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช.
05:46
So how do we leverage the technology revolution?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ืžืžื ืคื™ื ืืช ืžื”ืคื›ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”?
05:49
How do we employ the state
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ืื™ืš ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”
05:50
to address all the challenges I've just spoken about,
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ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขืœื™ื”ื,
05:53
which I'm pretty sure everybody in this room would acknowledge?
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ืฉืื ื™ ื“ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืชื?
05:57
Rising inequality, the climate crisis, demographic aging.
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ืื™-ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืชื’ื‘ืจ, ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืืงืœื™ื, ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”.
06:01
For some, the answer is a universal basic income,
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ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช,
06:04
a UBI.
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UBI
06:07
Now, despite being a millennial,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืžื™ืœื ื™ืืœ,
06:09
and still petrified when I look at my bank balance,
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืขืช ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืชืจื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื‘ื ืง,
06:12
I'm not a fan.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ืขื“.
06:14
And the reason is an affordable UBI is ineffective,
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื ืกื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืื™ื ื” ื™ืขื™ืœื”,
06:17
and an effective UBI is unaffordable.
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ื•ื”ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืื™ื ื” ืกื‘ื™ืจื”.
06:21
My proposal, instead, is universal basic services,
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ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ืฉืœื™, ื‘ืžืงื•ื, ื–ื” ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ื™ื,
06:25
UBS.
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UBS.
06:26
These are services which are universally available,
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ืืœื” ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืœื›ื•ืœื,
06:29
free at the point of consumption
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ื‘ื—ื™ื ื ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื”
06:30
and paid for through progressive taxation,
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ื•ืฉืขืœื•ืชื ืžืฉื•ืœืžืช ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ืžื“ื•ืจื’,
06:34
a bit like the NHS in the UK.
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ืงืฆืช ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”.
06:36
I propose four of these universal basic services --
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ืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ืข ืืจื‘ืขื” ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ื™ื --
06:40
health care, housing, transport and education.
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ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื“ื™ื•ืจ, ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.
06:43
Why these four?
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ืœืžื” ืืจื‘ืขืช ืืœื”?
06:46
Housing, because you can't focus on long-term problem-solving,
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ื“ื™ื•ืจ, ื›ื™ ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืจื›ื– ื‘ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš,
06:49
or making something of yourself,
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ืื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžืš,
06:51
if you have to move every 12 months. Believe me, I know.
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ืื ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ืชืืžื™ื ื• ืœื™, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข.
06:55
Health care, because the basis of everything else
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ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืชืจ
06:57
is physical and mental well-being.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ื•ื ืคืฉื™ืช.
06:59
Education, because you can't be of service to your community
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ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื›ื™ ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœืš
07:03
if you don't have skills,
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ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื,
07:04
and we need to start acknowledging that an educated society is a public good.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
07:10
People training as dentists, as midwives, as engineers --
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื›ืฉืจื• ื›ืจื•ืคืื™ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืžื™ื™ืœื“ื•ืช, ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื --
07:15
hey, as accountants.
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ื”ื™ื™, ืจื•ืื™ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ.
07:17
We need those people.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื.
07:18
Society needs those people, with those skills,
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืขื ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
07:21
to not just thrive, but to survive,
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ืœื ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื’ืฉื’, ืืœื ื’ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืจื•ื“,
07:23
and we all benefit from them having those skills.
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื™ื ืžื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
07:26
Transport, because you can have the skills,
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ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื›ื™ ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื,
07:28
you can have the housing,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื“ื™ื•ืจ,
07:31
but location can remain a constraint on access to opportunity.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช.
07:35
So, you might agree with me so far,
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ืื–, ืืชื ืื•ืœื™ ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืขื“ ื›ื”,
07:37
you might say, "Aaron, I get it.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืชื’ื™ื“ื•, โ€œืื”ืจื•ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ.
07:39
Market failure exists, it's a thing.
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ืงื™ื™ื ื›ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืง, ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื”.
07:41
And yeah, OK, the state should intervene in some areas, fine.
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ื•ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
07:45
But why universal?
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื” ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช?
07:46
Surely, we should focus scarce resources on those that need help the most."
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ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžืงื“ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืœื” ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื–ืจื”โ€œ.
07:51
It turns out that two academics gave a pretty good answer to that,
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืฉื ื™ ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื ืชื ื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื–ื”,
07:54
20 years ago.
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ืœืคื ื™ 20 ืฉื ื”.
07:56
Surprise, they were Swedish.
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ื”ืคืชืขื”, ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื•ื“ื™ื.
07:57
And they found that countries with universal welfare systems
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ื•ื”ื ืžืฆืื• ืฉืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช
08:01
saw the lowest rates of hardship, the lowest rates of inequality,
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ืจืื• ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืกื‘ืœ, ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืื™-ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ,
08:05
and universal welfare systems commanded the broadest possible consent.
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ื•ืฉืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ื•ืช ื–ื›ื• ืœื”ืกื›ืžื” ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:08
If you want to see the citation, it's Walter Korpi and Joachim Palme.
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ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืคื ื™ื”, ื–ื” ื•ื•ืœื˜ืจ ืงื•ืจืคื™ ื•ื™ื•ืื›ื™ื ืคืœืžื”.
08:14
Go on Google Scholar, find it.
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ืœื›ื• ืœื’ื•ื’ืœ ืกืงื•ืœืจ, ืชืžืฆืื• ืืช ื–ื”.
08:16
Now, how does that work? Why is that the case?
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ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“? ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”?
08:19
Well, it turns out that universal welfare systems,
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ, ืฉืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ื•ืช,
08:24
because of the nature of how they work,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช,
08:28
have less bureaucracy.
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”.
08:30
Because they don't employ means testing, there's less stigma attached,
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืืžืฆืขื™ื, ืคื—ื•ืช ืกื˜ื™ื’ืžื” ื ืงืฉืจืช ืืœื™ื”ืŸ,
08:33
so the people accessing resources actually use them,
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ืื– ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื,
08:37
as opposed to what we get with means testing,
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ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžื” ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืืžืฆืขื™ื,
08:39
where you feel like you shouldn't be doing that.
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ืœื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
08:41
And importantly,
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ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
08:44
they have the buy-in of that political class
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ื”ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ื•ืช ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™
08:47
that is all-important in democracy,
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ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”,
08:49
the middle class.
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ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื.
08:51
There's a reason why the NHS in Britain
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ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”
08:55
is still around after 80 years, and it's so loved.
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ 80 ืฉื ื”, ื•ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš.
08:58
It's because everybody gets to use it.
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ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ ื›ื•ืœื ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื.
09:00
It's part of the national fabric.
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ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืจืงื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™.
09:02
Itโ€™s part of our shared social conversation and space.
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ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฉื™ื— ื•ืžื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ.
09:05
Itโ€™s something that belongs to all of us in the UK,
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”,
09:07
and we're very proud of it.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ืื™ื ื‘ื• ืžืื“.
09:09
So if you want welfare services which address hardship,
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ืื– ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืฉื™ื˜ืคืœื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ืงื•ืช,
09:13
reduce inequality,
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ื™ืคื—ื™ืชื• ืื™-ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ,
09:15
are effective, efficient and broadly liked,
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื, ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ื•ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ืจื—ื‘,
09:17
make them universal.
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ืขืฉื• ืื•ืชื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ื™ื.
09:20
"OK, I like universal services, but how do we pay for this?"
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โ€œืื•ืงื™ื™, ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืš ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”?โ€
09:25
In a word, tax.
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื” ืื—ืช, ืžืกื™ื.
09:27
Hardly reinventing the wheel, I know.
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ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžืžืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ืœื’ืœ, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข.
09:31
In the United States, in the 1950s, the top rate of tax was 90 percent.
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ื‘ืืจื”โ€œื‘, ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-50, ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžืก ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื” 90%.
09:35
Today, it's 37 percent.
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ื”ื•ื 37%.
09:37
In the UK, for much of Margaret Thatcher's premiership,
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ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ื‘ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืจื’ืจื˜ ืชืืฆโ€™ืจ,
09:40
the top rate of tax was 60 percent.
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ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžืก ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื” 60%.
09:42
Today, it's 45 percent.
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ื–ื” 45%.
09:44
Dwight Eisenhower and the Iron Lady -- hardly two radical Marxists.
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ื“ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื–ื ื”ืื•ืืจ ื•ืืฉืช ื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ -- ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉื ื™ ืžืจืงืกื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื.
09:50
And then, there's things like financial transactions tax.
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ื•ืื–, ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžืก ืขืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืกืคื™ื•ืช.
09:53
All the outrage, in fact,
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ืžื” ืฉืžื›ืขื™ืก ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ื‘ืขืฆื,
09:55
that we tax work more than we tax wealth,
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืกื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืŸ,
10:00
which is astonishing.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
10:01
In the UK and the US,
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ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืืจื”โ€œื‘,
10:02
capital gains are taxed lower than incomes.
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ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื•ืŸ ืžืžื•ืกื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื”ื›ื ืกื”.
10:05
How the hell does that work? Talk about a rigged system,
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ืื™ืš ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“? ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื•ื˜ื”.
10:10
Then, there's the issue around the technology revolution.
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฉื ื• ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช.
10:14
And this is a big reason why I like universal basic services.
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ื•ื–ื• ืกื™ื‘ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ื™ื.
10:19
If I'm right,
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ืื ืื ื™ ืฆื•ื“ืง,
10:21
then the trends in the 21st century are deflationary.
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ืื– ื”ืžื’ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-21 ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ื“ืคืœืฆื™ื”.
10:24
Energy, information, labor are getting cheap,
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ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ืžื™ื“ืข, ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื ืขืฉื™ื ื–ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
10:29
they're deflationary,
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ื”ื ื‘ื“ืคืœืฆื™ื”,
10:30
and they'll remain deflationary for a very long time.
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื™ืฉืืจื• ื‘ื“ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืžืื“.
10:33
Hard to believe, I know, in 2022, when you're filling up at the tank,
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ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื‘ืฉื ืช 2022, ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืœืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื›ืœ,
10:36
but renewables trends are clear,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื’ืžื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช,
10:38
and that will be the case for a very long time.
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืžืื“.
10:41
Now, do we want those trends to underpin universal basic services,
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ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื™ื—ื–ืงื• ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ื™ื,
10:46
or prop up shareholders,
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ืื• ื™ืชืžื›ื• ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื ื™ื•ืช,
10:48
or create the basis for new monopolistic models?
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ืื• ื™ืฆืจื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืžื•ื ืคื•ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื?
10:52
Finally, on the climate crisis,
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืขืœ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืืงืœื™ื,
10:55
another reason for universal basic services.
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ืกื™ื‘ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ื™ื.
10:58
A UBI would be an extraordinary amount of money to spend.
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ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช ืชื“ืจื•ืฉ ื›ืžื•ืช ืื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ืกืฃ.
11:02
And yet, I don't see quite what it would do
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืื” ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื–ื” ื™ืขืฉื”
11:04
in terms of transitioning our economies away from fossil fuels,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื ื™ืข ืืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืจื—ืง ืžื“ืœืงื™ ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื,
11:07
which again,
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ื•ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘,
11:09
I'm sure everybody in this room acknowledges,
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžื•ื“ื™ื,
11:11
we have to do pretty damn quickly.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื™ ืžื”ืจ ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ.
11:13
Meanwhile, with universal basic services,
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ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ืขื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ื™ื,
11:15
we can put a post-carbon agenda
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืื’โ€™ื ื“ืช ืคื•ืกื˜-ืคื—ืžืŸ
11:17
at the heart of education, health care, transport and housing,
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ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ,
11:22
rapidly decarbonizing our economies.
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ื•ืœื’ืžื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžืคื—ืžืŸ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
11:24
And look, to move away from fossil fuels,
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ื•ืชืจืื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื ืชืง ืžื“ืœืงื™ ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื,
11:26
we need to do the one thing that market fundamentalists hate,
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ืคื•ื ื“ืžื ื˜ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืง ืฉื•ื ืื™ื,
11:30
and that's called planning.
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ื•ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ.
11:32
So, cast your minds to 2100,
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ืื–, ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืœืฉื ืช 2100,
11:35
and a world after capitalism as we know it.
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ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉืื—ืจื™ ื”ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ื–ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื•.
11:39
You go to your job four hours a day in an elderly care center,
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ืืชื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื›ื ืืจื‘ืข ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืœืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื,
11:43
one of the few labor-intensive industries that's still around.
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ืื—ืช ืžื”ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ืจื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืขื•ื“ ื ืฉืืจื•.
11:48
Afterwards, you go for lunch, you see your friends
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ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ืืชื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืืจื•ื—ืช ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื, ืคื•ื’ืฉื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื
11:51
and you talk about taking that holiday in some rewilded forest somewhere,
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ื•ืืชื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ื™ืขืจ ืฉื”ื•ืฆืžื— ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืื™ืคืฉื”ื•,
11:55
go see some bison and some bears.
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ืชืœื›ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ื–ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื“ื•ื‘ื™ื.
11:58
And you talk about wanting to study for that third college degree,
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ื•ืืชื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœืชื•ืืจ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™,
12:01
this time in medicine,
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ื”ืคืขื ื‘ืจืคื•ืื”,
12:02
because you're working with older people
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ื›ื™ ืืชื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื
12:04
and you're fascinated by the sphere, the area,
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ื•ืืชื ืžืจื•ืชืงื™ื ืžื”ืชื—ื•ื,
12:08
the growth industry of radical life extension.
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ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืฆื•ืžื—ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื›ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ืช.
12:11
And hey, your first two degrees didn't cost a thing,
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ื”ื™ื™, ืฉื ื™ ื”ืชืืจื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืœื ืขืœื• ื›ืœื•ื,
12:14
and that second one, East Asian Literature,
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ื•ื”ืฉื ื™, ืกืคืจื•ืช ืžื–ืจื— ืืกื™ื”,
12:17
gave you a whole new perspective on life.
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ื ืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืื—ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
12:19
You really loved Japanese poetry after that.
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ืืชื ืžืžืฉ ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืจื” ื™ืคื ื™ืช ืžืื–.
12:22
Pretty good, right?
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ื ืฉืžืข ื˜ื•ื‘, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
12:23
You get a notification as you leave that lunch.
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ืืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืชืจืื” ื›ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื.
12:27
Your local health care clinic's saying you need to go for a quick checkup.
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ื”ืžืจืคืื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื–ืจื™ื–ื”.
12:31
You go down there, you take a bus --
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ืืชื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืฉื, ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก --
12:33
free, electric, self-driving.
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ื—ื™ื ื, ื—ืฉืžืœื™, ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™.
12:36
The local bus co-op uses a powerful predictive algorithm
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ืงื•-ืื•ืค ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื—ื–ืง
12:38
to determine how much supply is needed at what time
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ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ืฆืข ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืขื”
12:41
for optimal efficiency and effectiveness.
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ืœื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ืช.
12:44
Compare that to rush hour in LA or London.
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ืชืฉื•ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืœืฉืขืช ื”ืขื•ืžืก ื‘ืœื•ืก ืื ื’โ€™ืœืก ืื• ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ.
12:47
Big difference -- I know which I prefer.
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ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ -- ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื™ื–ื” ืžื”ื ืื ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ.
12:49
You end up at the local health clinic.
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ืืชื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืžืจืคืื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช.
12:51
They say, "Look, it's time for liquid biopsy.
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ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, โ€œื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื‘ื™ื•ืคืกื™ื” ื ื•ื–ืœื™ืช.
12:53
You missed your checkup last week."
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ื”ื—ืžืฆืชื ืืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืขื‘ืจโ€œ.
12:55
You go in -- stage zero cancer.
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ืืชื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื -- ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืฉืœื‘ ืืคืก.
12:57
No problem, some pills will fix that.
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ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื”, ื›ืžื” ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ื ื™ืคืชืจื• ืืช ื–ื”.
13:01
At every stage of this narrative,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ื–ื”,
13:04
the health care, the transport, the college degrees, the elderly care,
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ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื”ืชืืจื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืœืœื”, ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื,
13:08
we've seen universal basic services in action.
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ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื”.
13:11
Universally available, free at the point of consumption
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ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช, ื—ื™ื ื ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื”
13:14
and paid for through progressive taxation.
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ื•ืžืžื•ืžื ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ืžื“ื•ืจื’.
13:17
Now, this might sound utopian.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื ืฉืžืข ืื•ื˜ื•ืคื™.
13:20
Personally, I think it's technically easier to do
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช
13:22
than colonizing Mars,
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ืžืืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืื“ื™ื,
13:24
but our society somehow thinks differently.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืื—ืจืช ืžืฉื•ื ืžื”.
13:28
But it's not utopian.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ืœื ืื•ื˜ื•ืคื™ื”.
13:29
In fact, in many ways, this world resembles our own.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืฉืœื ื•.
13:33
There are still markets for many, many things.
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื, ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื“.
13:36
The state isn't involved in making chocolate bars
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ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื˜ื™ืคื™ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“
13:38
or socks or silk ties.
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ืื• ื’ืจื‘ื™ื™ื ืื• ืขื ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉื™.
13:40
But it is the central player
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช
13:42
in these four things we all need for liberty:
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ื‘ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื:
13:45
housing, education, health care and transport.
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ื“ื™ื•ืจ, ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”.
13:49
And to say it's no utopia means bad things still happen, yes.
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ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉื–ื• ืœื ืื•ื˜ื•ืคื™ื” ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจืขื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืงืจื•, ื›ืŸ.
13:54
There are fallings out, there's personal enmity,
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ื™ืฉ ืžืจื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ื™ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช,
13:57
there are love affairs, you fall in and out of love.
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ื™ืฉ ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ืื”ื‘ื”, ืžืชืื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ืœืื”ื•ื‘.
13:59
Often, falling in love is worse, it's more dangerous.
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืœื”ืชืื”ื‘ ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ืจื•ืข, ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ.
14:02
These things still happen,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืงืจื•,
14:04
but they're better than homelessness,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืกืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช,
14:06
than being unable to pay for your insulin,
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ืžืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืฉืœื ืขืœ ืื™ื ืกื•ืœื™ืŸ,
14:08
or failing to address the climate crisis as a species.
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ืื• ืœื”ื™ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื›ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™.
14:13
Itโ€™s time we lived up to those glorious words:
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ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ื—ื™ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ื ืคืœืื•ืช:
14:19
life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
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ื—ื™ื™ื, ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื—ืชื™ืจื” ืœืื•ืฉืจ.
14:23
And recognize that, for the majority of the global population,
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ื•ื ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืœืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื,
14:27
the pursuit of happiness is impossible.
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ื”ื—ืชื™ืจื” ืœืื•ืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ืช.
14:30
It's downright illusory,
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ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืืฉืœื™ื”,
14:32
unless they have access to universal basic services.
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ืืœื ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ื™ื.
14:36
This is the way by which we guarantee liberty for all
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ื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื•ืœื
14:39
and address the great challenges of the 21st century --
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ื•ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-21 --
14:43
the climate crisis, inequality, demographic aging --
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ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืืงืœื™ื, ืื™-ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ื“ืžื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช --
14:46
whilst leveraging these remarkable technologies
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ ืœืžื ืฃ ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืช
14:49
that the ingenuity of our species has created.
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ืฉื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ื”ืžืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืฆืจ.
14:53
I don't think there's another way of addressing those challenges.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
14:56
I think anybody who thinks otherwise is delusional, frankly.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืื—ืจืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื•ื–ื”, ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช.
15:03
But all that means we're going to have to do something
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ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื•
15:05
which, for the political establishment and status-quo thinking,
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ื•ื–ื”, ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืžืžืกื“ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื•ื”ื•ื’ื™ ื”ืกืกื˜ื•ืก-ืงื•ื•,
15:09
has been anathema for decades.
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ื”ื™ื” ืกื“ื™ืŸ ืื“ื•ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื.
15:10
And that means returning the state --
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” --
15:12
yes, the state --
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ื›ืŸ, ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” --
15:13
to the center stage of our economic and social lives.
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ืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ืžื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
15:17
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
15:18
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
15:25
Chris Anderson: Thank you, Aaron.
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ื›ืจื™ืก ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ: ืชื•ื“ื”, ืื”ืจื•ืŸ.
15:27
I think we have a secret questioner somewhere,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฉื•ืืœืช ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืช ,
15:30
in the form of Maja Bosnic, who is a public finance expert.
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ื•ื–ื• ืžืื™ื” ื‘ื•ืกื ื™ืง, ืžื•ืžื—ื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™.
15:36
She spoke recently at TEDWomen.
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ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื›ื ืก TEDWomen.
15:38
Maja, what's your question?
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ืžืื™ื”, ืžื” ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœืš?
15:40
Maja Bosnic: Yes, thank you very much.
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ืžืื™ื” ื‘ื•ืกื ื™ืง: ื›ืŸ, ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
15:42
So my question is basically related to resistances.
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ืื– ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื™ ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืกื” ืœื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช.
15:46
I work with public services,
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืขื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื,
15:48
and I work towards making them more gender-responsive,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื’ื“ืจ,
15:52
so I know a thing or two about resistances.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช.
15:55
So I wanted to ask you, what do you see as the biggest resistances?
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ืื– ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืื•ืชืš, ืžื”ื™ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ืš ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ?
15:59
And in which one, or maybe some of these four
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ื•ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืชื—ื•ื, ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืืจื‘ืขื”
16:03
that you are mentioning?
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ืฉืืชื” ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ?
16:05
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
16:06
Aaron Bastani: Great question, thank you. For me, itโ€™s got to be housing.
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ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื˜ืื ื™: ืฉืืœื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช, ืชื•ื“ื”. ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™, ื–ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ืจ.
16:09
Because, particularly in the Anglo-American economies,
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ื›ื™, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื•-ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช,
ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื ื•ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืกืคืงื•ืœื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ ื“ื™ื•ืจ.
16:12
we have a growth model built upon speculative investment
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16:15
in housing assets.
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ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื, ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื•ืืจื”โ€œื‘ --
16:16
The reality is, for the likes of the UK and the US --
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16:18
the Canadian property market is probably quite similar --
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ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœโ€œืŸ ื”ืงื ื“ื™ ื›ื ืจืื” ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืžื” --
16:22
we need to have something akin to what Japan has seen
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื‘ื™ืคืŸ
16:25
over the last 25 years,
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ื‘-25 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
16:26
which is, effectively, flat house price increases.
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ื•ื–ื”, ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช, ืขืœื™ื” ืฉื˜ื•ื—ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ.
16:28
Sorry, I should phrase that better -- zero percent growth in house prices.
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ืกืœื™ื—ื”, ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื ืกื— ืืช ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ -- ืืคืก ืื—ื•ื– ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ.
16:32
So wages can catch up.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืฉื›ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคืขืจ.
16:34
I saw an amazing statistic, actually, the other day in the UK,
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ืจืื™ืชื™ ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”, ื”ืืžืช, ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”,
16:37
which showed that a majority of homeowners in the UK
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ืฉื”ืจืืชื” ืฉืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”
16:40
are happy to have zero growth on house prices.
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ื”ื™ื• ืฉืžื—ื™ื ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืคืก ืื—ื•ื– ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ.
16:43
And that makes sense.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™.
16:45
Why would you want your house to gain in value?
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ืœืžื” ืฉืชืจืฆื” ืฉืขืจืš ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ื™ืขืœื”?
16:47
All it means is you buy another house,
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ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืฉืชืงื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ืื—ืจ,
16:49
which has relatively gone up as well.
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ืฉื’ื ื”ื•ื ืขืœื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื”.
16:52
And I think people acknowledge that this isnโ€™t working
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“
16:55
for people who rent, who don't own the assets.
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช, ืฉืœื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ืชื™ื.
16:57
And I would rather keep that price flat,
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ืœืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™,
17:00
and, you know, have more people included in our economy.
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ื•ืืช ื™ื•ื“ืขืช, ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉืœื ื•.
17:03
But that's, I think, the big structural challenge --
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื”, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ --
17:06
we would have to take on speculative investment in housing.
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ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืกืคื•ืงืœื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืจ.
17:09
CA: Thank you, Maja.
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ื›โ€œื: ืชื•ื“ื”, ืžืื™ื”.
17:11
Aaron, I'm really taken by this argument for UBS,
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ืื”ืจื•ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืจื•ืชืง ืžื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื“ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ื™ื
17:17
partly because, just structurally,
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ื—ืœืงื™ืช, ื›ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื‘ื ื™ืช,
17:20
some of those things naturally get organized better
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™
17:22
if there's only one of them, not a bunch in competition.
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืจืง ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื, ืœื ื›ืžื” ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช.
17:25
You compare US health care capitalism with something like the NHS
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ืืชื” ืžืฉื•ื•ื” ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื‘ืืจื”โ€œื‘ ืœืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• NHS
17:29
or the state things, which, for all their faults,
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ืื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื,
17:32
seem to deliver equally good or better health care
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ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื ืžืกืคืงื™ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ
17:35
for, like, half the money.
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ื‘ืขืจืš, ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ.
17:37
Transport, you can make the same argument.
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ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ.
17:40
But have you cost it out?
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื—ื™ืฉื‘ืช ืืช ื”ืขืœื•ืช?
17:41
To roll out all these four, that's a massive investment.
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ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืจื‘ืขื”, ื–ื• ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืื“ื™ืจื”.
17:46
Have you costed it?
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ื”ืื ื—ื™ืฉื‘ืช ืืช ื”ืขืœื•ืช?
17:48
AB: I haven't costed it.
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ืโ€œื‘: ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืขืœื•ืช.
17:49
University College London has costed universal basic services,
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ื™ื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื™ ืงื•ืœื’โ€ฒ ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ื™ื
17:53
and they had six -- they included food, which is pretty ambitious.
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ื•ืœื”ื ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืฉื” -- ื”ื ื›ืœืœื• ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืฉื–ื” ื“ื™ ืฉืืคืชื ื™.
17:58
In the US private health care system, 16 percent of GDP's spent on health care.
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ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืืจื”โ€œื‘, 16% ืžื”ืชืžโ€œื’ ื™ื•ืฆื ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
18:02
In the UK, it's 10 percent.
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ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ื–ื” 10%.
18:03
And we have longer life expectancy,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืชื•ื—ืœืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
18:07
fewer women dying in childbirth,
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ืคื—ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ื“ื”,
18:08
lower infant mortality.
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ืคื—ื•ืช ืชืžื•ืชืช ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช.
18:10
So clearly, something is going right.
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ืื– ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ื ืขืฉื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
18:12
And you might say, "The NHS is underfunded."
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ืื– ืชื’ื™ื“, โ€œื”-NHS ื‘ืชืช ืชืงืฆื•ื‘โ€œ.
ืชื’ื“ื™ืœื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืื—ื•ื– ืื—ื“ ืื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื. ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™.
18:14
Bump up by one or two percent. And of course, we have universal coverage.
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ืื– ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ื—ื–ืง ื‘ืขื“ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื,
18:17
So there's a strong argument there for public health care,
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช -- ื•ืื ื™ ืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื–ื”...
18:20
from an efficiency perspective --
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18:22
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
18:23
AB: Thank you.
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ืโ€œื‘: ืชื•ื“ื”.
18:24
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
18:26
And I would respond with this, in regards to elderly care.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื.
ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ื“ืžื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช,
18:29
If you look at the crisis of demographic aging,
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18:31
and elderly care thatโ€™s coming down the line
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ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื“ืจืš
18:33
because of lower birth replacement rates of an aging population.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื™ืœื•ื“ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืžื–ื“ืงื ืช.
18:37
And I want one of these geniuses to come up with us living to 200.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืื—ื“ ืžื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ืžืฆื ื“ืจืš ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 200, ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ืคืœื.
18:42
But if that happens, we then create a crisis of elderly care,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื–ื” ื™ืงืจื”, ื ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื,
18:45
and the reality is, it's not that we can't afford to do UBS,
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ื•ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ืœืชืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื,
18:49
a UBS of elderly care, if that happens --
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ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื‘ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื, ืื ื–ื” ื™ืงืจื” --
ืœื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
18:51
we can't afford not to do it.
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18:52
Because I then return to the NHS point about efficiency,
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ื›ื™ ืื– ืื ื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื,
18:56
particularly in elderly care.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื.
18:57
If you don't have that as a UBS, you're in big trouble, in my view.
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ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™, ืืชื” ื‘ืฆืจื” ืฆืจื•ืจื”, ืœื“ืขืชื™.
19:01
CA: Aaron, thanks for an incredibly compelling contribution to the debate.
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ื›โ€œื: ืื”ืจื•ืŸ, ืชื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืชืจื•ืžื” ืžืจืชืงืช ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ.
19:04
AB: Thank you, cheers.
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ืโ€œื‘: ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš.
19:05
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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