A Socialist Perspective on the Pursuit of Happiness | Aaron Bastani | TED

80,136 views ใƒป 2023-01-26

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jaewook Seol ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:04
Allow me to introduce myself.
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์ œ ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€์ด์ž ์–ธ๋ก ์ธ์ด๊ณ 
00:07
Iโ€™m a writer, journalist
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00:10
and a socialist.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:11
I also used to be broke.
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์ €๋Š” ํŒŒ์‚ฐํ•œ ์ ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
I did, for a long time.
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์ง„์งœ์˜ˆ์š”, ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ์ด์š”.
00:15
Being a student,
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ํ•™์ƒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
00:17
trying to make a name for myself in the media industry
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์–ธ๋ก ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค ์• ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
00:20
and starting a media organization.
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๋˜ ์–ธ๋ก  ๋‹จ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ
00:22
I had to move 15 times in 15 years
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์ง€๋‚œ 15๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด์‚ฌ๋ฅผ 15๋ฒˆ ๋‹ค๋…€์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
because the rent in London just kept on going up.
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ์ง‘๊ฐ’์ด ๊ณ„์† ์น˜์†Ÿ์•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
00:30
Now, this taught me an important lesson, firsthand.
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์ด์ œ,
์ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
Namely, you can want to study public policy or astrophysics,
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๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ณต๊ณต ์ •์ฑ…์ด๋‚˜ ์ฒœ์ฒด ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
00:39
you can want to make a name for yourself,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
00:42
you can want to do an honest dayโ€™s work.
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์ •์งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์น˜ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
But all of that is extraordinarily difficult
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
if your mind is thinking about those unpaid bills.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ๋ฏธ๋‚ฉ ๊ณ ์ง€์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žกํ˜€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:50
Or knowing, with the fullness of your heart,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํ˜„๊ธˆ ์ธ์ถœ๊ธฐ์— ๋ˆ์„ ์ฐพ์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ
00:54
that when you go to the cashpoint,
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โ€˜์ž”์•ก ๋ถ€์กฑโ€™์ด๋ž€ ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ž€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„
00:55
it's going to respond "Insufficient funds."
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๋ผˆ์ €๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:58
Now, while I was going through all this --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑธ ๊ฒช์–ด์˜จ ๋™์•ˆ,
01:01
which, I have to say, happened a little bit too long for my liking --
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์†”์งํžˆ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
01:04
I agreed with the ideas that I was reading from the liberal tradition,
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์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์—์„œ ์ฝ์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋™์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
namely that individuals are uniquely placed
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์ฆ‰, ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ’€์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐˆ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:13
to determine how their lives should unfold -- nobody else is.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
For everybody in this room,
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์ด ๋ฐฉ์— ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„
01:18
the best person to decide how your life should unfold is you.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ’€์–ด ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ์ง€ ์ •ํ•  ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
Thereโ€™s no higher authority, certainly not the state.
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ๋” ๋†’์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
But what was equally clear
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์ ์€
01:28
was that, in the absence of access to certain resources --
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๊ต์œก, ๊ตํ†ต, ์˜๋ฃŒ, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€
01:31
education, transport, health care and housing --
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ํŠน์ • ์ž์›์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
01:35
that capacity for self-authorship is clearly limited for many people.
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์ž๊ธฐ ์ฃผ๊ถŒ์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด
๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒ ์ œํ•œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
We clearly live in a society
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ–‰๋ณต์˜ ์ถ”๊ตฌ๊ฐ€
01:41
where what we view as liberty, the pursuit of happiness,
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์ž์œ ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์‚ด์ง€๋งŒ
01:44
is limited for the majority of the global population.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ œํ•œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
For many, it's illusory.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ํ™˜์ƒ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
01:51
It turns out that liberal ends of self-authorship,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ,
01:55
of determining how your life should unfold,
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์ฆ‰, ์ฆ‰ ์‚ถ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํŽผ์ฒ˜ ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ์ง€ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š”
01:57
require socialist means.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜์  ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
The state must get involved.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์—ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
Now, we live in a world where capitalism has completely prevailed.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
It's won.
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์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์Šน๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
02:08
I was asked, behind stage, "What are you wearing?"
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๋‹จ ๋’ค์—์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์–ด์š”. โ€œ๋ฌด์Šจ ํ–ฅ์ˆ˜ ์“ฐ์„ธ์š”?โ€
02:10
I said, "Chanel Allure." And I'm the communist.
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โ€˜์ƒค๋„ฌ ์—˜๋ฃจ์–ดโ€™๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ €๋Š” ๊ณต์‚ฐ์ฃผ์˜์ž์˜ˆ์š”.
02:13
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:14
OK? So I'm under no illusions --
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์ €๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ํ™˜์ƒ ์†์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
02:16
it has completely prevailed.
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์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ •๋ณตํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:18
And the ideas driving it are those of economic liberalism.
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๋˜ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋„๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜์—์„œ ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
Economic liberalism says what I've just said to you.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
02:24
The individual is uniquely placed to determine how their life unfolds,
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ’€์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐˆ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ฑ…์ž„์€ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๊ณ 
02:28
and that this should happen through the market.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
But there's a problem.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
While the market can be an extraordinary resource
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์‹œ์žฅ์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ž์›์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
02:35
to get the things you need to get to be who you want to be,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑธ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:38
for many, it's the opposite.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
Itโ€™s a source of un-freedom.
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์‹œ์žฅ์€ ๋ถ€์ž์œ ์˜ ๊ทผ์›์ด๊ณ  ์†๋ฐ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
It's a constraint.
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02:43
It's more akin to a system of rationing
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๋ฒˆ์˜์ด๋ผ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋ฐฐ๊ธ‰ ์ฒด๊ณ„์— ๋” ๊ฐ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
than of prosperity.
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02:51
We know this is the case for an increasing number of people,
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์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“คํ•œํ…Œ ์ด๊ฒŒ ํ˜„์‹ค์ด ๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
02:55
because the numbers don't lie.
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์ˆซ์ž๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
In 2018, 40 million Americans used food stamps --
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2018๋…„์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ 4์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด
์‹ํ’ˆ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
13 million more than in 2007, before the global financial crisis.
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๊ธˆ์œต ์œ„๊ธฐ ์ด์ „์ธ 2007๋…„๋ณด๋‹ค 1300๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๋Š˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
Clearly, something is broken.
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๋ถ„๋ช…, ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
You can disagree with me about everything else,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ ์—์„œ ์ €์™€ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
03:10
but those are the facts.
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์ด๊ฑด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
In the UK, a much smaller country,
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ž‘์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ์ธ ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š”
03:16
in 2016, 17 million people of working age
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2016๋…„์— ๊ทผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๋ น ์ธ๊ตฌ 1700๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด
03:22
had 100 pounds or less savings.
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์ €์ถ•์ด 100 ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ ์ดํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
They are one minor accident away from penury.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ๋„ ๋‚˜๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
17 million people of working age.
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๊ทผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๋ น ์ธ๊ตฌ, ๋ฌด๋ ค 1700๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
And on the thing that capitalism asks to be judged by,
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์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐ›๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€, ๊ตญ์ œ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
global growth,
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03:37
it says, "All this terrible stuff happens, inequality, poverty, whatever --
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โ€œ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€๋งŒ,
๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ, ๊ฐ€๋‚œ ๋“ฑ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
03:44
but we've still got growth."
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค!โ€œ
03:46
Well, actually, the story isn't so great there either.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
Despite the rise of China, global growth is in secular decline.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๋ถ€์ƒ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตญ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฒด ๊ตญ๋ฉด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
So, to be clear, the global economy is still growing,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ํ•ด๋‘์ž๋ฉด, ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋Š” ์•„์ง ์„ฑ์žฅ์ค‘์ด๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
03:55
but at a smaller, slower rate, decade on decade.
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„์งธ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์†๋„๋„ ๋Š๋ ค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
20 years ago, if you said the term "lost decade,"
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โ€˜์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ 10๋…„โ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ 20๋…„ ์ „์— ์ผ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:03
you were talking about Japan.
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์ผ๋ณธ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
My apologies to anybody here of Japanese heritage.
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์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์ผ๋ณธ๊ณ„์ธ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๊ณ„์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๊ณผ ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
Today, it's an appropriate term for much of the global economy.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ์ด๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
From Britain to Italy, South Africa to Brazil,
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์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๊นŒ์ง€, ๋‚จ์•„๊ณต์—์„œ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ๊นŒ์ง€,
04:14
as one lost decade becomes two.
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์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ 10๋…„์ด ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ 20๋…„์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
And it gets worse.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ ์  ๋” ๋‚˜๋น ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
04:20
This economic malaise we've seen over the last 15 years
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ 15๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ด์˜จ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์—
04:24
is surely to be joined by the climate crisis,
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๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋”ํ•ด์งˆ ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
and then, demographic aging, a crisis of elderly care.
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๋˜ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋…ธํ™”, ๋…ธ์ธ ๋Œ๋ด„ ์œ„๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์š”.
04:30
It turns out that the opening decades of the 21st century,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ 21์„ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Š” ์ฒซ ์‹ญ์—ฌ ๋…„์€
04:33
as bad as they were, for many,
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๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํž˜๋“  ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜€์ง€๋งŒ
04:35
are merely the leading edge of a hurricane.
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ํญํ’์šฐ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
04:39
Now ...
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์ด์ œ...
04:41
despite everything I've just said to you,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
04:44
I'm an optimist.
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์ €๋Š” ๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
I believe that humans have the ingenuity to address all of these challenges
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์ €๋Š” ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚œ๊ด€์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ 
04:52
and reach unprecedented prosperity and liberty for all.
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๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋ก€์—†๋Š” ๋ฒˆ์˜๊ณผ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด์š”.
04:57
That can happen by employing the state
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฐœ์ž…์„ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
05:00
and leveraging the technology revolution.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜๋ช…์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
I wrote a book about it.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์„ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
It's called "Fully Automated Luxury Communism."
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์ œ๋ชฉ์€ โ€˜์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ ํ˜ธํ™”๋กœ์šด ๊ณต์‚ฐ์ฃผ์˜โ€™๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
05:07
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:08
The c-word.
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๋นจ๊ฐฑ์ด ์ฑ…์ด์ฃ .
05:09
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:11
Fully automated, because we need an economic system
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โ€˜์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋œโ€™์ด๋ž€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ฒด์ œ๊ฐ€
05:14
which reduces the necessity of human labor in the production process.
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์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋…ธ๋™์˜ ํ•„์š”๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
Luxury, because we need to expand
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โ€˜ํ˜ธํ™”๋กœ์šดโ€™์ด๋ž€, ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
05:19
the sense of liberty and leisure time for all.
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์ž์œ ์™€ ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
05:23
Communism, because what I believe is heading our way this century, maybe,
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โ€˜๊ณต์‚ฐ์ฃผ์˜โ€™๋ž€, ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ด๋ฒˆ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์€, ์•„๋งˆ๋„,
05:27
could see the end of production for exchange
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๊ตํ™˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ข…๋ง๊ณผ
05:29
and the necessity of humans to sell their labor for a wage.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ž„๊ธˆ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผ์„ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
05:34
But in politics,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ •์น˜์—์„œ๋Š”
05:35
big ideas only get you so far.
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ํฐ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
That's been a problem for the Left historically,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ขŒํŒŒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์•„์‹ค์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
I don't know if you know.
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05:41
And what matters in the here and now, in 2022,
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2022๋…„ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ณ„ํš์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
are concrete proposals.
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05:46
So how do we leverage the technology revolution?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜๋ช…์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
05:49
How do we employ the state
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์ž…์‹œ์ผœ์„œ
05:50
to address all the challenges I've just spoken about,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธˆ๋ฐฉ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚œ๊ด€๋“ค์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
05:53
which I'm pretty sure everybody in this room would acknowledge?
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๋ถ„๋ช… ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ธ์ •ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„์š”.
๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ, ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋…ธ๋ นํ™” ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
Rising inequality, the climate crisis, demographic aging.
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06:01
For some, the answer is a universal basic income,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ด์—๊ฒ ๋ณดํŽธ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์†Œ๋“์ด ๋‹ต์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
a UBI.
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UBI๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
06:07
Now, despite being a millennial,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ€๋ ˆ๋‹ˆ์–ผ ์„ธ๋Œ€์ด๊ณ 
06:09
and still petrified when I look at my bank balance,
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์ œ ํ†ต์žฅ ์ž”๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์•„์ง๋„ ๊ฒ์ด ๋‚˜๊ธด ํ•ด๋„,
06:12
I'm not a fan.
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์ €๋Š” UBI์˜ ํŒฌ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
And the reason is an affordable UBI is ineffective,
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ €๋ ดํ•œ UBI๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ,
06:17
and an effective UBI is unaffordable.
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ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ UBI๋Š” ์ €๋ ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
My proposal, instead, is universal basic services,
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๋Œ€์‹ , ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณดํŽธ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ณต์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
UBS.
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UBS๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
06:26
These are services which are universally available,
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์ด๋Š” ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ณต์ง€๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
free at the point of consumption
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ˆ„์ง„ ๊ณผ์„ธ๋กœ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์กฐ๋‹ฌํ•˜์ฃ .
06:30
and paid for through progressive taxation,
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06:34
a bit like the NHS in the UK.
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์˜๊ตญ์˜ NHS์™€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ์š”.
06:36
I propose four of these universal basic services --
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณดํŽธ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ณต์ง€๋ฅผ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
health care, housing, transport and education.
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์˜๋ฃŒ, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ, ๊ตํ†ต ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ต์œก.
06:43
Why these four?
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์™œ ์ด ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ƒ๊ณ ์š”?
06:46
Housing, because you can't focus on long-term problem-solving,
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์ฃผ๊ฑฐ, 12๊ฐœ์›”๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ด์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋…€์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:49
or making something of yourself,
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์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
06:51
if you have to move every 12 months. Believe me, I know.
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์ง„์งœ์˜ˆ์š”, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์•„์š”.
06:55
Health care, because the basis of everything else
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์˜๋ฃŒ, ์œก์ฒด์™€ ์ •์‹ ์˜ ์•ˆ๋…•์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
is physical and mental well-being.
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06:59
Education, because you can't be of service to your community
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๊ต์œก, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉด ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์— ๋ด‰์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
if you don't have skills,
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07:04
and we need to start acknowledging that an educated society is a public good.
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๊ต์œก์€ ๊ณต์ต์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ด์ œ ์ธ์ •ํ•  ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋์–ด์š”.
07:10
People training as dentists, as midwives, as engineers --
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์น˜๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๋กœ, ์‚ฐํŒŒ๋กœ, ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋กœ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋ฐ›์€ ์ธ๋ ฅ๋“ค,
07:15
hey, as accountants.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌ๊นŒ์ง€๋„์š”!
07:17
We need those people.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ธ๋ ฅ๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์š”.
07:18
Society needs those people, with those skills,
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์‚ฌํšŒ์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ธ๋ ฅ๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์š”.
07:21
to not just thrive, but to survive,
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ฒˆ์˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ƒ์กด์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ,
07:23
and we all benefit from them having those skills.
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๋˜ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
Transport, because you can have the skills,
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๊ตํ†ต, ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค ํ•ด๋„
07:28
you can have the housing,
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07:31
but location can remain a constraint on access to opportunity.
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์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š”๋ฐ ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
07:35
So, you might agree with me so far,
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ œ ์–˜๊ธฐ์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:37
you might say, "Aaron, I get it.
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โ€œ์•„๋ก , ์•Œ๊ฒ ์–ด, ์‹œ์žฅ ์‹คํŒจ๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•ด, ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์•ผ.
07:39
Market failure exists, it's a thing.
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07:41
And yeah, OK, the state should intervene in some areas, fine.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜ ๋งž์•„. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํŠน์ • ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด. ์ข‹์•„.
07:45
But why universal?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ผญ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•ด?
07:46
Surely, we should focus scarce resources on those that need help the most."
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํฌ์†Œํ•œ ์ž์›์„ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜?โ€
07:51
It turns out that two academics gave a pretty good answer to that,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ํ•™์ž ๋‘ ๋ช…์ด ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ 20๋…„ ์ „์— ๋‚ด๋†จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
20 years ago.
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์งœ์ž”, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์Šค์›จ๋ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
Surprise, they were Swedish.
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07:57
And they found that countries with universal welfare systems
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•Œ์•„๋‚ธ ๊ฑด ๋ณดํŽธ ๋ณต์ง€ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์€
08:01
saw the lowest rates of hardship, the lowest rates of inequality,
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์žฌ์ • ๊ณค๋ž€ ๋น„์œจ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๊ณ 
08:05
and universal welfare systems commanded the broadest possible consent.
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๋ณดํŽธ ๋ณต์ง€ ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
If you want to see the citation, it's Walter Korpi and Joachim Palme.
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์ธ์šฉ๋ฌธ ์ถœ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์‹œ๋ฉด, ์›”ํ„ฐ ์ฝœํ”ผ์™€ ์š”์•„ํž˜ ํŒ”๋จธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
Go on Google Scholar, find it.
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๊ตฌ๊ธ€ ์Šค์ฝœ๋ผ์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
08:16
Now, how does that work? Why is that the case?
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”? ์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
08:19
Well, it turns out that universal welfare systems,
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์•Œ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๋ณดํŽธ ๋ณต์ง€ ์ œ๋„๋Š”
08:24
because of the nature of how they work,
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๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ž‘๋™ ์›๋ฆฌ ๋•๋ถ„์—
08:28
have less bureaucracy.
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๊ด€๋ฃŒ์  ์ ˆ์ฐจ์„ฑ์ด ์ ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
08:30
Because they don't employ means testing, there's less stigma attached,
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์ˆ˜๋‹น ์ž๊ฒฉ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋„ ํ•„์š” ์—†๊ณ  ๋‚™์ธ์ด ์ฐํž ์ผ๋„ ์—†์–ด์„œ
08:33
so the people accessing resources actually use them,
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์ž์›์„ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ž์›์„ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
as opposed to what we get with means testing,
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ˆ˜๋‹น ์ž๊ฒฉ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์นœ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
where you feel like you shouldn't be doing that.
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08:41
And importantly,
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๋˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€,
08:44
they have the buy-in of that political class
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ํŠน์ • ์ •์น˜ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์˜ ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
that is all-important in democracy,
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰, ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ค‘์‚ฐ์ธต ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
the middle class.
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08:51
There's a reason why the NHS in Britain
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์˜๊ตญ์˜ NHS๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธด ์ง€ 80๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋„
08:55
is still around after 80 years, and it's so loved.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
It's because everybody gets to use it.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ˆ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
09:00
It's part of the national fabric.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
Itโ€™s part of our shared social conversation and space.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋Œ€ํ™”์ด์ž ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด์ฃ .
09:05
Itโ€™s something that belongs to all of us in the UK,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์˜๊ตญ์ธ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์†ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ฃ .
09:07
and we're very proud of it.
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09:09
So if you want welfare services which address hardship,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์žฌ์ • ๊ณค๋ž€์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ ,
09:13
reduce inequality,
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ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋„“๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋ณต์ง€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ๋ฉด
09:15
are effective, efficient and broadly liked,
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09:17
make them universal.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ธ ์ œ๋„๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ์„ธ์š”.
09:20
"OK, I like universal services, but how do we pay for this?"
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โ€œ์ข‹์•„์š”, ๋ณดํŽธ ๋ณต์ง€ ์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ˆ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•˜์ฃ ?โ€
09:25
In a word, tax.
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ํ•œ๋งˆ๋””๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์„ธ๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ์š”.
09:27
Hardly reinventing the wheel, I know.
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๋ฐ”ํ€ด๋ฅผ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ์…ˆ์ด์ฃ .
09:31
In the United States, in the 1950s, the top rate of tax was 90 percent.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ 1950๋…„๋Œ€์— ์ตœ๊ณ  ์„ธ์œจ์€ 90 ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
Today, it's 37 percent.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—” 37 ํผ์„ผํŠธ์ฃ .
09:37
In the UK, for much of Margaret Thatcher's premiership,
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์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋งˆ๊ฐ€๋ › ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ ์ˆ˜์ƒ ์‹œ์ ˆ์—
09:40
the top rate of tax was 60 percent.
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์ตœ๊ณ  ์„ธ์œจ์€ 60 ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
Today, it's 45 percent.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ 45 ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜ˆ์š”.
09:44
Dwight Eisenhower and the Iron Lady -- hardly two radical Marxists.
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๋“œ์™€์ดํŠธ ์•„์ด์  ํ•˜์›Œ์™€ ์ฒ ์˜ ์—ฌ์ธ, ๋‘˜์„
๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์ธ ๋งˆ๋ฅดํฌ์Šค์ฃผ์˜์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ธด ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒ ์ฃ .
09:50
And then, there's things like financial transactions tax.
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๋˜, ๊ธˆ์œต ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์„ธ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
All the outrage, in fact,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๋ฉด ์—„์ฒญ ๋ถ„๋…ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
09:55
that we tax work more than we tax wealth,
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์žฌ์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ธˆ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋…ธ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ธˆ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
which is astonishing.
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๊ฒฝ์•…ํ•  ๋…ธ๋ฆ‡์ด์—์š”.
10:01
In the UK and the US,
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์˜๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž์‚ฐ ์†Œ๋“์„ธ์œจ์ด ๊ทผ๋กœ ์†Œ๋“์„ธ์œจ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
capital gains are taxed lower than incomes.
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10:05
How the hell does that work? Talk about a rigged system,
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๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ? ์™„์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์กฐ์ž‘๋œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
10:10
Then, there's the issue around the technology revolution.
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๋˜, ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜๋ช…์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
And this is a big reason why I like universal basic services.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํŽธ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ณต์ง€๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ํฐ ์ด์œ ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ด์š”.
10:19
If I'm right,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ณ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
10:21
then the trends in the 21st century are deflationary.
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21์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ถ”์„ธ๋Š” ๋””ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
Energy, information, labor are getting cheap,
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€, ์ •๋ณด, ๋…ธ๋™์ด ์ ์  ์‹ธ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ๋””ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ด๋ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:29
they're deflationary,
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10:30
and they'll remain deflationary for a very long time.
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๋˜ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋””ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋‚จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
2022๋…„์— ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šฐ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ์ฃผ์œ ์†Œ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์„ ์ฑ„์šธ ๋•Œ
10:33
Hard to believe, I know, in 2022, when you're filling up at the tank,
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10:36
but renewables trends are clear,
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์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์ถ”์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
and that will be the case for a very long time.
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๋˜ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ„์†๋  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
10:41
Now, do we want those trends to underpin universal basic services,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
๋ณดํŽธ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ณต์ง€๋ฅผ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‚˜์š”?
10:46
or prop up shareholders,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ฃผ์ฃผ๋“ค์„ ์ง€์›ํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‚˜์š”?
10:48
or create the basis for new monopolistic models?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋…์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‚˜์š”?
10:52
Finally, on the climate crisis,
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๋์œผ๋กœ, ๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ
10:55
another reason for universal basic services.
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๋ณดํŽธ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ณต์ง€๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
A UBI would be an extraordinary amount of money to spend.
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UBI๋Š” ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์ถœ์ด ๋  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
11:02
And yet, I don't see quite what it would do
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋„๋ก ์ „ํ™˜์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฉด์—์„œ
11:04
in terms of transitioning our economies away from fossil fuels,
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด์ง€ ์ €๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
11:07
which again,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด,
11:09
I'm sure everybody in this room acknowledges,
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์ด ๋ฐฉ์— ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ธ์ •ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
11:11
we have to do pretty damn quickly.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง„์งœ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:13
Meanwhile, with universal basic services,
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋ณดํŽธ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ณต์ง€๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:15
we can put a post-carbon agenda
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํƒˆํƒ„์†Œ ์•ˆ๊ฑด์„
11:17
at the heart of education, health care, transport and housing,
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๊ต์œก, ์˜๋ฃŒ, ๊ตํ†ต ๋ฐ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
11:22
rapidly decarbonizing our economies.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ธ‰์†ํžˆ ํƒˆํƒ„์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:24
And look, to move away from fossil fuels,
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ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋ ค๋ฉด
11:26
we need to do the one thing that market fundamentalists hate,
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์‹œ์žฅ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์ด ์ฆ์˜คํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
and that's called planning.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ โ€˜๊ณ„ํšโ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:32
So, cast your minds to 2100,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ 2100๋…„์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
11:35
and a world after capitalism as we know it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ์ดํ›„์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
You go to your job four hours a day in an elderly care center,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ๋„ค ์‹œ๊ฐ„์”ฉ ์–‘๋กœ์›์— ์ผํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
one of the few labor-intensive industries that's still around.
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์•„์ง ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™ ์ง‘์•ฝ์ ์ธ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ฃ .
11:48
Afterwards, you go for lunch, you see your friends
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๊ทธ ํ›„์— ์ ์‹ฌ ๋จน์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์„œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ณ 
11:51
and you talk about taking that holiday in some rewilded forest somewhere,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์•ผ์ƒํ™”๋œ ์–ด๋Š ์ˆฒ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ํœด๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
go see some bison and some bears.
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๋“ค์†Œ์™€ ๊ณฐ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํœด๊ฐ€์ฃ .
11:58
And you talk about wanting to study for that third college degree,
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๋˜ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ ค๊ณ  ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋Š” ์–˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
this time in medicine,
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—” ์˜๋Œ€์—์„œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๋ฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
12:02
because you're working with older people
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12:04
and you're fascinated by the sphere, the area,
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„์•ผ, ๊ทธ ์˜์—ญ์— ๋งค๋ฃŒ๋๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
12:08
the growth industry of radical life extension.
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๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ์—ฐ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์—…๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
And hey, your first two degrees didn't cost a thing,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ํ•™์œ„ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋”ธ ๋•Œ ๋ˆ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ์•ˆ ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
12:14
and that second one, East Asian Literature,
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์ธ ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„ ๋ฌธํ•™ ํ•™์œ„๋Š”
12:17
gave you a whole new perspective on life.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ธ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€์ ์„ ์คฌ์ฃ .
12:19
You really loved Japanese poetry after that.
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๊ทธ ํ›„์— ์ผ๋ณธ ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ง„์งœ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋์ง€์š”.
12:22
Pretty good, right?
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์ง„์งœ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
12:23
You get a notification as you leave that lunch.
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์ ์‹ฌ ์‹์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:27
Your local health care clinic's saying you need to go for a quick checkup.
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์ง€์—ญ ๋ณด๊ฑด์†Œ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ž ๊น ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋Ÿฌ ์™€์•ผ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋„ค์š”.
12:31
You go down there, you take a bus --
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
free, electric, self-driving.
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž์œจ ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋ฒ„์Šค์ฃ .
12:36
The local bus co-op uses a powerful predictive algorithm
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์ง€์—ญ ๋ฒ„์Šค ํ˜‘๋™ ์กฐํ•ฉ์€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์จ์„œ
12:38
to determine how much supply is needed at what time
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์–ธ์ œ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋งŒํผ ๋ฐฐ์ฐจํ• ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ 
12:41
for optimal efficiency and effectiveness.
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์ตœ์ ์˜ ํšจ์œจ๊ณผ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
Compare that to rush hour in LA or London.
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LA๋‚˜ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์˜ ์ถœํ‡ด๊ทผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
12:47
Big difference -- I know which I prefer.
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์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ณ  ์ „ ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์„์ง€ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
You end up at the local health clinic.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ณด๊ฑด์†Œ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋„ค์š”.
12:51
They say, "Look, it's time for liquid biopsy.
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โ€œ์ €๊ธฐ์š”, ํ˜ˆ์•ก ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ํ•  ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋์–ด์š”. ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋‚ ์งœ๋ฅผ ๋†“์น˜์…จ๋„ค์š”.โ€
12:53
You missed your checkup last week."
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12:55
You go in -- stage zero cancer.
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๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 0๊ธฐ ์•”์ด๋„ค์š”.
12:57
No problem, some pills will fix that.
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๋ฌธ์ œ ์—†์–ด์š”, ์•ฝ ์กฐ๊ธˆ๋งŒ ๋จน์œผ๋ฉด ๋‚˜์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
13:01
At every stage of this narrative,
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์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ,
13:04
the health care, the transport, the college degrees, the elderly care,
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์˜๋ฃŒ, ๊ตํ†ต, ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ•™์œ„, ๋…ธ์ธ ๋Œ๋ด„์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
13:08
we've seen universal basic services in action.
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๋ณดํŽธ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ณต์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:11
Universally available, free at the point of consumption
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๋ณดํŽธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ , ์†Œ๋น„ ์‹œ์ ์— ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ์ด๋ฉฐ,
13:14
and paid for through progressive taxation.
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๋ˆ„์ง„ ๊ณผ์„ธ๋กœ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์กฐ๋‹ฌํ•˜์ฃ .
13:17
Now, this might sound utopian.
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๋„ค, ์œ ํ† ํ”ผ์•„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
13:20
Personally, I think it's technically easier to do
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ
ํ™”์„ฑ ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์‰ฝ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๋Š”๋ฐ
13:22
than colonizing Mars,
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13:24
but our society somehow thinks differently.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์™ ์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
13:28
But it's not utopian.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์œ ํ† ํ”ผ์•„๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
13:29
In fact, in many ways, this world resembles our own.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ๊ณผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‹ฎ์•˜์–ด์š”.
13:33
There are still markets for many, many things.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ ๋ฐ”, ์–‘๋ง, ์‹คํฌ ๋„ฅํƒ€์ด ์ œ์กฐ์— ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ฃ .
13:36
The state isn't involved in making chocolate bars
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13:38
or socks or silk ties.
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13:40
But it is the central player
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ด ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€์— ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
in these four things we all need for liberty:
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13:45
housing, education, health care and transport.
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์ฃผ๊ฑฐ, ๊ต์œก, ์˜๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ตํ†ต ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
And to say it's no utopia means bad things still happen, yes.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์œ ํ† ํ”ผ์•„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์€ ๋‚˜์œ ์ผ์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ƒ๊ธด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ .
13:54
There are fallings out, there's personal enmity,
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์‹ธ์›€๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์›ํ•œ๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
13:57
there are love affairs, you fall in and out of love.
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๋ถˆ๋ฅœ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์— ๋น ์ง€๊ณ  ํ—ค์–ด์ง€๊ณ ์š”.
13:59
Often, falling in love is worse, it's more dangerous.
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๋ณดํ†ต ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์— ๋น ์ง€๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋‚˜์˜๊ณ  ๋” ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•ด์š”.
14:02
These things still happen,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฑด๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋…ธ์ˆ™์ž ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‚˜์•„์š”.
14:04
but they're better than homelessness,
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14:06
than being unable to pay for your insulin,
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์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ซ๊ณ 
14:08
or failing to address the climate crisis as a species.
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ข…์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜์— ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋‚ซ์ฃ .
14:13
Itโ€™s time we lived up to those glorious words:
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์— ๊ฑธ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์‚ด ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋์–ด์š”.
14:19
life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
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์‚ถ, ์ž์œ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ–‰๋ณต ์ถ”๊ตฌ.
14:23
And recognize that, for the majority of the global population,
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์ธ์ •ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
14:27
the pursuit of happiness is impossible.
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ํ–‰๋ณต์˜ ์ถ”๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:30
It's downright illusory,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ทธ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ํ™˜์ƒ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:32
unless they have access to universal basic services.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ณดํŽธ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ณต์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
14:36
This is the way by which we guarantee liberty for all
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๊ณ 
14:39
and address the great challenges of the 21st century --
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21์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์— ๋งž์„ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:43
the climate crisis, inequality, demographic aging --
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๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ, ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ, ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋…ธํ™” ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
14:46
whilst leveraging these remarkable technologies
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ํ•œํŽธ ์ด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:49
that the ingenuity of our species has created.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋…์ฐฝ์„ฑ์ด ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•ด์˜จ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์„์š”.
14:53
I don't think there's another way of addressing those challenges.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด์š”.
14:56
I think anybody who thinks otherwise is delusional, frankly.
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๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
์†”์งํžˆ, ๋ง์ƒ์— ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žกํžŒ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
15:03
But all that means we're going to have to do something
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒŒ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
15:05
which, for the political establishment and status-quo thinking,
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์ •์น˜ ๊ธฐ๋“๊ถŒ๊ณผ ํ˜„์ƒ ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์ด
์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ํ•„์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•ด์˜จ ์ผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
15:09
has been anathema for decades.
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15:10
And that means returning the state --
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๋˜ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋˜๋Œ๋ ค ๋†”์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:12
yes, the state --
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๋„ค, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ์š”.
15:13
to the center stage of our economic and social lives.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ , ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‚ถ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๋ฌด๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:17
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:18
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
15:25
Chris Anderson: Thank you, Aaron.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ์š”, ์•„๋ก .
15:27
I think we have a secret questioner somewhere,
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์— ๋น„๋ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋„ค์š”.
15:30
in the form of Maja Bosnic, who is a public finance expert.
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๋งˆ์•ผ ๋ณด์Šค๋‹‰์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ์š”.
๊ณต๊ณต ์žฌ์ • ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์ฃ .
15:36
She spoke recently at TEDWomen.
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๋งˆ์•ผ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— TED Women์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
15:38
Maja, what's your question?
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๋งˆ์•ผ ์”จ, ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€์š”?
15:40
Maja Bosnic: Yes, thank you very much.
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๋งˆ์•ผ ๋ณด์Šค๋‹‰: ๋„ค, ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:42
So my question is basically related to resistances.
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์ œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ €ํ•ญ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
์ €๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”,
15:46
I work with public services,
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15:48
and I work towards making them more gender-responsive,
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๊ณต๊ณต ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์„ฑ ์ธ์ง€ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
15:52
so I know a thing or two about resistances.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋„ ์ €ํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ํ•œ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ •๋„ ์•Œ๊ธด ํ•ด์š”.
15:55
So I wanted to ask you, what do you see as the biggest resistances?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌป๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฑด, ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ €ํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š”์ง€์š”?
15:59
And in which one, or maybe some of these four
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๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ๋„ค ๋ถ„์•ผ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ€๋ถ„, ํ˜น์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ํด๊นŒ์š”?
16:03
that you are mentioning?
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:05
Thank you.
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AB: ์ข‹์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋„ค์š”, ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:06
Aaron Bastani: Great question, thank you. For me, itโ€™s got to be housing.
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์ €๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ค์•ผ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
16:09
Because, particularly in the Anglo-American economies,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ํŠนํžˆ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ถŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋Š”
์ฃผํƒ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ํˆฌ๊ธฐ์„ฑ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
16:12
we have a growth model built upon speculative investment
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16:15
in housing assets.
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ํ˜„์‹ค์€ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์˜๊ตญ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š”,
16:16
The reality is, for the likes of the UK and the US --
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16:18
the Canadian property market is probably quite similar --
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ์‹œ์žฅ๋„ ์•„๋งˆ ๊ฝค๋‚˜ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ง€ ์‹ถ์€๋ฐ์š”,
16:22
we need to have something akin to what Japan has seen
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์ผ๋ณธ์ด ์ง€๋‚œ 25๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
16:25
over the last 25 years,
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16:26
which is, effectively, flat house price increases.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์ง‘๊ฐ’์ด ์•ˆ ์˜ค๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
16:28
Sorry, I should phrase that better -- zero percent growth in house prices.
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์•„๋‹ˆ, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋‚ซ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”, ์ง‘๊ฐ’์ด ์ œ๋กœ ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:32
So wages can catch up.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž„๊ธˆ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ๋”ฐ๋ผ์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:34
I saw an amazing statistic, actually, the other day in the UK,
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์‹ค์€, ์ €๋ฒˆ์— ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ํ†ต๊ณ„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ดค์–ด์š”.
16:37
which showed that a majority of homeowners in the UK
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์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ง‘์„ ์†Œ์œ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
16:40
are happy to have zero growth on house prices.
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์ œ๋กœ ์ง‘๊ฐ’ ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
16:43
And that makes sense.
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์ดํ•ดํ•  ๋งŒํ•˜์ฃ .
16:45
Why would you want your house to gain in value?
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์ž๊ธฐ ์ง‘ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ญํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
16:47
All it means is you buy another house,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง‘์„ ์‚ด ๋•Œ
16:49
which has relatively gone up as well.
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์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง‘๋“ค๋„ ๊ฐ™์ด ์˜ฌ๋ž๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ž–์•„์š”.
16:52
And I think people acknowledge that this isnโ€™t working
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๋˜ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฃผํƒ ์‹œ์žฅ์€
16:55
for people who rent, who don't own the assets.
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์ฃผํƒ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ž„์ฐจ์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด ์†Œ์šฉ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
16:57
And I would rather keep that price flat,
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์ €๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋™๊ฒฐํ•ด์„œ,
17:00
and, you know, have more people included in our economy.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
17:03
But that's, I think, the big structural challenge --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฑด์š”, ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๊ณผ์ œ์˜ˆ์š”.
17:06
we would have to take on speculative investment in housing.
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ํˆฌ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์ฃผํƒ ํˆฌ์ž ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ์žก์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
17:09
CA: Thank you, Maja.
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CA: ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋งˆ์•ผ ์”จ.
17:11
Aaron, I'm really taken by this argument for UBS,
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์•„๋ก  ์”จ, ์ €๋Š” ์ด UBS ์ฃผ์žฅ์— ์ง„์งœ๋กœ ๊ฐ๋ช…๋ฐ›์•˜์–ด์š”.
17:17
partly because, just structurally,
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๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์ธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”, ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ,
17:20
some of those things naturally get organized better
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋“ค ์ค‘์—๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฟ์ด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•  ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค
17:22
if there's only one of them, not a bunch in competition.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ž˜ ์šด์˜๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
17:25
You compare US health care capitalism with something like the NHS
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์˜๊ตญ NHS ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ,
17:29
or the state things, which, for all their faults,
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ , ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‹จ์ ๋„ ๋งŽ์ง€๋งŒ,
17:32
seem to deliver equally good or better health care
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๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋” ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
17:35
for, like, half the money.
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๋น„์šฉ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ •๋„๊ณ ์š”.
17:37
Transport, you can make the same argument.
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๊ตํ†ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ํ•˜์…จ์–ด์š”.
17:40
But have you cost it out?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ง์ ‘ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•ด ๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
17:41
To roll out all these four, that's a massive investment.
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์ด ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ํ…๋ฐ์š”.
17:46
Have you costed it?
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๋น„์šฉ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•ด ๋ณด์…จ๋Š”์ง€์š”?
17:48
AB: I haven't costed it.
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AB: ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•ด๋ณด์ง„ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ ์š”.
17:49
University College London has costed universal basic services,
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์œ ๋‹ˆ๋ฒ„์‹œํ‹ฐ ์นผ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์—์„œ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
17:53
and they had six -- they included food, which is pretty ambitious.
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์‹๋Ÿ‰๋„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฝค ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜์ฃ .
17:58
In the US private health care system, 16 percent of GDP's spent on health care.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฏผ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ณฌ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” GDP์˜ 16%๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฃŒ์— ์ง€์ถœ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:02
In the UK, it's 10 percent.
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์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” 10 ํผ์„ผํŠธ์ธ๋ฐ ์˜๊ตญ์ด ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ๋” ๊ธธ์ฃ .
18:03
And we have longer life expectancy,
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์ถœ์‚ฐ ์ค‘ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์ ๊ณ  ์œ ์•„ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ๋„ ๋‚ฎ์ฃ .
18:07
fewer women dying in childbirth,
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18:08
lower infant mortality.
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18:10
So clearly, something is going right.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ถ„๋ช… ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ตด๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
18:12
And you might say, "The NHS is underfunded."
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โ€œNHS๋Š” ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ๋ถ€์กฑ์— ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด. ์ผ์ด ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์ •๋„ ์˜ฌ๋ ค์•ผ ๋ผ.โ€
18:14
Bump up by one or two percent. And of course, we have universal coverage.
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๋˜ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ณดํŽธ ๋ณด์žฅ ์ œ๋„๋„ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
๊ณต๊ณต ์˜๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•  ์–˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด์š”.
18:17
So there's a strong argument there for public health care,
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ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด์š”.
18:20
from an efficiency perspective --
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๋˜ ์ €๋Š”,
18:22
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
18:23
AB: Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:24
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
18:26
And I would respond with this, in regards to elderly care.
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๋˜ ์ €๋Š” ๋…ธ์ธ ๋Œ๋ด„์— ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋„ค์š”.
์ธ๊ตฌ ๋…ธ๋ นํ™” ์œ„๊ธฐ์™€
18:29
If you look at the crisis of demographic aging,
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18:31
and elderly care thatโ€™s coming down the line
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๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋…ธ์ธ ๋Œ๋ด„ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
18:33
because of lower birth replacement rates of an aging population.
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๋…ธ๋ นํ™” ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ถœ์‚ฐ๋ฅ ์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
18:37
And I want one of these geniuses to come up with us living to 200.
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์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ฒœ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์„œ 200์‚ด๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ด๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์คฌ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ด์š”.
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฉ‹์งˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
18:42
But if that happens, we then create a crisis of elderly care,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋…ธ์ธ ๋Œ๋ด„ ์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
18:45
and the reality is, it's not that we can't afford to do UBS,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ํ˜„์‹ค์€, UBS ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
18:49
a UBS of elderly care, if that happens --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋ฉด ๋…ธ์ธ ๋Œ๋ด„ UBS๋ฅผ ์•ˆ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
18:51
we can't afford not to do it.
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18:52
Because I then return to the NHS point about efficiency,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋‹ค์‹œ NHS์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
18:56
particularly in elderly care.
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋…ธ์ธ ๋Œ๋ด„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์š”.
18:57
If you don't have that as a UBS, you're in big trouble, in my view.
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๋…ธ์ธ ๋Œ๋ด„์„ UBS๋กœ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณผ ๋• ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธธ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
CA: ์•„๋ก  ์”จ, ์ด ๋…ผ์Ÿ์— ๋†€๋ž๋„๋ก ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ณ ์••์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:01
CA: Aaron, thanks for an incredibly compelling contribution to the debate.
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19:04
AB: Thank you, cheers.
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AB: ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:05
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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