How to Solve the Education Crisis for Boys and Men | Richard Reeves | TED

134,938 views ใƒป 2023-06-21

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ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Shahd Alwali ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Hani Eldalees
00:04
In 1972,
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ููŠ ุนุงู… 1972ุŒ
00:06
the US passed a landmark piece of legislation.
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ุฃู‚ุฑุช ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ู‹ุง ู‡ุงู…ู‹ุง.
00:10
The new law was called Title IX,
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ุฃูุทู„ู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุงุณู… โ€œุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุงู„ุชุงุณุนโ€œ.
00:12
and it expanded economic and educational opportunities for women,
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ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ูˆุณู‘ุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ูุฑุต ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู†ุณุงุกุŒ
00:17
especially in higher education.
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ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠ.
00:19
Back then, there was a 16-percentage-point gap
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ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูุฌูˆุฉ ุจู†ุณุจุฉ 16%
00:23
in the awarding of college degrees
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ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู…ู†ุญ ุดู‡ุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุงุช
00:25
in favor of men.
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ู„ุตุงู„ุญ ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„.
00:26
Within a decade,
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ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนู‚ุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฒู…ุงู†ุŒ
00:27
women had caught up and then just blew right past the men.
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ู„ุญู‚ุช ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ุจุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ุซู… ุชููˆู‚ุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุจุณุฑุนุฉ.
00:33
Today, there's an 18-percentage-point gap in the awarding of college degrees.
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ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูุฌูˆุฉ ุจู†ุณุจุฉ 18% ููŠ ู…ู†ุญ ุดู‡ุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุงุช.
00:38
So there's a bigger gender gap today,
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ุงุฐุงุŒ ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ูุฌูˆุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠู†ุŒ
00:42
in US higher education,
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ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉุŒ
00:44
than there was 50 years ago when Title IX was passed.
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ุงูƒุซุฑ ู…ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ 50 ุณู†ุฉ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชู…ุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุงู„ุชุงุณุน.
00:48
It's just the other way around.
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ูู‚ุท ุงู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงูƒุณ.
00:52
I study inequality for a living,
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ุงู†ุง ุงุฏุฑุณ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉ ู„ู„ู‚ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠุดุŒ
00:54
and for most of my career,
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ูˆู„ุฃุบู„ุจ ู…ุณูŠุฑุชูŠ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ูŠุฉ
00:55
I focused on the divides of class and race.
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ู‚ู…ุช ุจุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู‚ุณูŠู… ุงู„ุทุจู‚ูŠ ูˆุงู„ุนุฑู‚ูŠ.
00:59
But in recent years,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุจุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉุŒ
01:01
I've just been noticing more and more gender gaps
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ุงุตุจุญุช ุงู„ุงุญุธ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุฌูˆุงุช ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠู†
01:04
and not in the direction that I was expecting.
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ูˆู„ูŠุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒู†ุช ุฃุชูˆู‚ุนู‡.
01:08
Probably like most of you,
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุฑุฌุญ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุนุถู…ูƒู…ุŒ
01:10
Iโ€™m used to thinking about gender equality
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ูƒู†ุช ู…ุนุชุงุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠู†
01:12
and the goal of gender equality as synonymous
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ูˆุงู„ู‡ุฏู ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠู† ูƒู…ุฑุงุฏู
01:15
with the advancement of women and girls.
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ู„ุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ูˆุงู„ูุชูŠุงุช.
01:17
But it's now clear that there are many boys and men
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ู„ูƒู† ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ูุชูŠุงู† ูˆุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„
01:20
who've fallen behind
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‚ุจุนูˆุง ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุฃุฎุฑุฉ
01:22
and that we have to be able to think about gender inequality
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ูˆุงู† ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ูƒูˆู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑูŠู† ุงู† ู†ููƒุฑ ููŠ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠู†
01:25
in both directions.
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ููŠ ูƒู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ูŠู†.
01:27
One thing that makes that hard is that the changes have been so quick,
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ุณุจุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุฌุนู„ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ ุตุนุจ ู‡ูˆ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ูƒุงู†ุช ุฌุฏุง ุณุฑูŠุนุฉุŒ
01:31
so rapid,
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ุฌุฏุงู‹ ุฎุงุทูุฉุŒ
01:32
that it's hard to update our beliefs to match the new facts.
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ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุตุนุจ ุงู† ู†ุฌุฏุฏ ู…ุนุชู‚ุฏุงุชู†ุง ู„ุชู…ุงุซู„ ุงู„ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ.
01:36
It's a bit like the needles on a compass swinging round.
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ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุซู„ ุงู† ุงู„ุงุจุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆุตู„ุฉ ุชุชุฃุฑุฌุญ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุฑุฌุงุก.
01:39
Suddenly north is south and south is north.
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ูุฌุฃุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุจ ูˆุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุจ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„.
01:42
It's really quite disorienting.
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ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุฌุฏุง ู…ุฑุจูƒ.
01:46
But it's clear that on some measures at least
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ูˆุงุถุญุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู‚ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูŠูŠุณ
01:48
now men are lagging quite a way behind,
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ุงู† ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ูŠู‚ุจุนูˆู† ู…ุชุงุฎุฑูŠู† ูƒุซูŠุฑุงู‹
01:52
not least on college campuses.
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ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุฎุต ุจุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุงุช.
01:54
And that reflects the fact that boys are trailing girls
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนูƒุณ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู† ุงู„ูุชูŠุงู† ูŠุชุงุฎุฑูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุชูŠุงุช
01:57
throughout the education system.
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ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงุฌุฒุงุก ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠ.
02:00
Two thirds of the top academic performers in high school,
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ุซู„ุซูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุชููˆู‚ุง ุจุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉุŒ
02:04
measured by GPA, are girls.
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ู…ู‚ุงุณ ุจุงู„ู…ุนุฏู„ ุงู„ุชุฑุงูƒู…ูŠุŒ ู‡ู† ูุชูŠุงุช.
02:07
And two thirds of those at the bottom are boys.
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ูˆุซู„ุซูŠู† ู…ู† ุฃูˆู„ุฆูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงุน ู‡ู… ูุชูŠุงู†.
02:12
It's not just in the US.
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ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ.
02:14
If we look at the 20 most economically advanced countries in the world,
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ุงุฐุง ู†ุธุฑู†ุง ููŠ ุงูƒุซุฑ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
02:18
there's on average a 13-percentage-point gap
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูุฌูˆุฉ ุจู…ุชูˆุณุท 13 ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
02:21
in the share of young men and young women with a college degree,
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ููŠ ุญุตุฉ ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ูˆุงู„ุดุงุจุงุช ุจุดู‡ุงุฏุฉ ุฌุงู…ุนูŠุฉุŒ
02:24
with young women much more likely to have a college degree.
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ุงู„ุดุงุจุงุช ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุง ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ุฃู† ูŠู…ุชู„ูƒู† ุดู‡ุงุฏุฉ ุฌุงู…ุนูŠุฉ.
02:27
And in some nations, the gap is much bigger.
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ูˆููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุŒ ุงู„ูุฌูˆุฉ ุงูƒุจุฑ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ.
02:30
In Norway, for example,
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ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุฑูˆูŠุฌ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ุŒ
02:33
there's almost a 20-point gap.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูุฌูˆุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุจ 20 ู†ู‚ุทุฉ.
02:36
And just like in the US,
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ูˆุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉุŒ
02:38
these differences at the college level
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนูŠุŒ
02:40
reflect what's happening earlier in the school system.
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ุชุนูƒุณ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ู…ุจูƒุฑุง ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠ.
02:44
It used to be that maybe boys were ahead in math and science,
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ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุชุงุฏ ุงู† ุงู„ุงูˆู„ุงุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช ูˆุงู„ุนู„ูˆู…
02:48
girls were ahead in reading and language in roughly equal measure.
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ูˆุงู„ูุชูŠุงุช ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆุงู„ู„ุบุงุช ููŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ.
02:52
That's not true today.
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ ู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูŠูˆู….
02:53
Internationally, at the age of 15,
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ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุงุŒ ููŠ ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑ
02:55
there's a five-point gap in favor of boys and math.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูุฌูˆุฉ ุจุฎู…ุณ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู„ุตุงู„ุญ ุงู„ูุชูŠุงู† ุจุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช.
02:59
There's essentially no gap in science,
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ู„ุงูŠูˆุฌุฏ ูุฌูˆุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู…ุŒ
03:01
a slight gap in favor of girls actually in science.
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ูู‚ุท ูุฌูˆุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ู„ุตุงู„ุญ ุงู„ูุชูŠุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู…
03:04
But boys are 30 points behind girls at the age of 15
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ูุชูŠุงู† ุจุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุฎู„ู ุงู„ูุชูŠุงุช ุจุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
03:08
in reading and language skills.
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ููŠ ู…ู‡ุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆุงู„ู„ุบุงุช.
03:11
But not all boys and men are struggling in the same way.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ูŠุณ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ูุชูŠุงู† ูˆุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ูŠุนุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุตุนูˆุจุงุช ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ.
03:15
The intersection of gender with class and race really matters here.
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ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุก ุงู„ุฌู†ุณ ู…ุน ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนุฑู‚ ุฐูˆ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ุง.
03:20
So boys from poorer households
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ุงู„ูุชูŠุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณุฑ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูู‚ุฑุงู‹
03:22
and middle-class households,
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ูˆุงู„ุฃุณุฑ ู…ุชูˆุณุทุฉ ุงู„ุฏุฎู„ุŒ
03:24
much less likely to attend college than girls from the same background.
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ุฃู‚ู„ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ู„ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุชูŠุงุช ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฎู„ููŠุฉ.
03:28
But there's a much smaller gap at the top of the economic ladder.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ูุฌูˆุฉ ุงุตุบุฑ ููŠ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณู„ู… ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠ.
03:32
I think one of the reasons
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ุงุธู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ
03:33
that elites can sometimes struggle to grasp what's going on with boys and men
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ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุฎุจุฉ ุงุญูŠุงู†ุง ูŠุนุงู†ูˆู† ุตุนูˆุจุฉ ู…ู† ูู‡ู… ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุญุตู„ ู„ู„ูุชูŠุงู† ูˆุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„
03:37
is that the gender gaps are just much less stark
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ู‡ูˆ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ูุฌูˆุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠู† ุฃู‚ู„ ูˆุถูˆุญุง ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ
03:41
in affluent communities.
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ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช ุงู„ุซุฑูŠุฉ.
03:44
And the gender gaps are even more stark for Black Americans.
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ูˆุงู„ูุฌูˆุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูˆุถูˆุญุงู‹ ู„ู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠูŠู† ุงู„ุณูˆุฏ.
03:49
For every Black man getting a college degree,
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ู„ูƒู„ ุฑุฌู„ ุงุณูˆุฏ ูŠุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุดู‡ุงุฏุฉ ุฌุงู…ุนูŠุฉุŒ
03:52
there are two Black women.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู…ุฑุฃุชูŠู† ุณูˆุฏุงูˆูŠู†.
03:55
So anybody who really cares about boys and men
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃูŠ ุดุฎุต ูŠู‡ุชู… ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ูุชูŠุงู† ูˆุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ุŒ
03:59
has to care about racial injustice and economic inequality.
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ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠุชู‡ู… ุญูˆู„ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑู‚ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠุฉ.
04:06
And anybody who really cares about racial injustice
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ูˆุงูŠ ุดุฎุต ูŠู‡ุชู… ุญูˆู„ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑู‚ูŠุฉ
04:10
and economic inequality
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ูˆุนุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠุฉ
04:12
has to care about boys and men.
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ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ูŠู‡ุชู… ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ูุชูŠุงู† ูˆุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„.
04:15
Now, the fact that the education system doesn't seem to be working very well
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ุงู„ุงู†ุŒ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฌูŠุฏ
04:19
for lots of boys and men
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ู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุชูŠุงู† ูˆุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„
04:20
is obviously not intentional.
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ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุชุนู…ุฏ.
04:23
There wasn't a feminist conspiracy 100 years ago
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ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุคุงู…ุฑุฉ ู†ุณูˆูŠุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุงุฆุฉ ุนุงู…ุŒ
04:29
to say, "Well, it might take a century, but eventually we'll overtake them."
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ุชู‚ูˆู„ุŒ โ€ ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ุฑุจู…ุง ุชุงุฎุฐ ู‚ุฑู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฒู…ู†ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃุฎูŠุฑุงู‹ ุณูˆู ู†ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ู‡ู…โ€
04:33
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
04:35
Especially as it was men who mostly designed the school system.
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ุฎุงุตุชุง ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ู‡ู… ู…ู† ู‚ุฏ ุตู…ู… ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠ.
04:40
Whatโ€™s happened is that as the artificial and sexist barriers
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ู…ุง ูŠุญุตู„ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ุนูˆุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุตุทู†ุนุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุชุญูŠุฒุฉ ุฌู†ุณูŠุงู‹
04:44
that were placed in front of women and girls
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ูˆุถุนุช ุฃู…ุงู… ุงู„ูุชูŠุงุช ูˆุงู„ู†ุณุงุก
04:46
have been successively removed,
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ู‚ุฏ ุฃุฒูŠู„ุช ุจู†ุฌุงุญุŒ
04:48
so their natural advantages in the classroom have been revealed.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุธู‡ุฑุช ู…ู…ูŠุฒุงุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูุตูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณูŠุฉ.
04:54
Compared to girls,
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ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ูุชูŠุงุชุŒ
04:56
boys face two big structural disadvantages in education.
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ุงู„ูุชูŠุงู† ูŠูˆุงุฌู‡ูˆู† ุนุงุฆู‚ูŠู† ู‡ูŠูƒู„ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠ.
04:59
First, their brains simply develop later.
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ุงูˆู„ุงุŒ ุงุฏู…ุบุชู‡ู… ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุชุชุทูˆุฑ ู…ุชุฃุฎุฑุงู‹.
05:05
The skills of planning, organization and impulse control
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ู…ู‡ุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุชุฎุทูŠุทุŒ ุงู„ุชู†ุธูŠู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ุจุงู„ุงู†ุฏูุงุนุงุช
05:09
are associated with the prefrontal cortex,
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ุชุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู‚ุดุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุจูŠู‡ุฉุŒ
05:12
which develops in adolescence especially.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชุทูˆุฑ ุฎุงุตุชุงู‹ ุจูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‡ู‚ุฉ.
05:15
But about a year later, on average, for boys than for girls.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุชุฃุชูŠ ู…ุชุฃุฎุฑุฉ ุจุญูˆู„ ุณู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุชูˆุณุทุŒ ู„ู„ูุชูŠุงู† ุนู† ุงู„ูุชูŠุงุช.
05:21
So there's a significant difference there in the timing of brain development.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูุฑู‚ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุชูˆู‚ูŠุช ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ.
05:27
Social scientists refer to those skills, planning, organization, etcetera,
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ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠูˆู† ูŠุดูŠุฑูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฑุงุชุŒ ุงู„ุชุฎุทูŠุทุŒ ุงู„ุชู†ุธูŠู…ุŒ ุงู„ุฎ..
05:31
as non-cognitive skills.
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ุจุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑููŠุฉ
05:33
I like to think of them as "chemistry homework" skills.
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ุงุญุจ ุงู† ุงููƒุฑ ููŠู‡ู… ูƒู…ู‡ุงุฑุงุช โ€œูˆุงุฌุจ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠโ€œ.
05:37
You know, doing your chemistry homework requires a lot of steps.
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ูƒู…ุง ุชุนุฑููˆู†ุŒ ุนู…ู„ ูˆุงุฌุจ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุก ูŠุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช.
05:42
You have to be paying attention in class when the assignment is given.
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ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ููŠ ุงู„ูุตู„ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุนุทู‰ ุงู„ูˆุงุฌุจ.
05:45
You have to make a note of it.
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ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ุชูƒุชุจ ู…ู„ุงุญุธุงุช ุนู†ู‡.
05:47
You have to remember hours later that you're supposed to do it.
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ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุชุฐูƒุฑ ุณุงุนุงุช ููŠู…ุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู†ูƒ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡.
05:51
You have to actually sit down and do it,
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ุŒูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ุชุฌู„ุณ ูˆูุนู„ุง ุงู† ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡
05:53
instead of something more enticing instead.
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ุจุฏู„ุง ู…ู† ุดูŠุก ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฌุงุฐุจูŠุฉ.
05:56
And remember, it's chemistry homework, so that's everything.
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ูˆุชุฐูƒุฑุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุงุฌุจ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุกุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุดูŠุก ู…ู‡ู…
05:59
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
06:00
Sorry, I know there are some chemists here, I'm sorry.
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ุงุณูุŒ ุงู†ุง ุงุนุฑู ุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠูŠู† ู‡ู†ุง.
06:03
And then turn it in.
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ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุชุณู„ูŠู…ู‡ุง.
06:05
That's a lot of steps, right?
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุตุญูŠุญุŸ
06:07
That's a lot.
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ุงุฌู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒุซูŠุฑ.
06:10
Getting your homework done requires your impulse control
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ุนู…ู„ ูˆุงุฌุจูƒ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠ ูŠุชุทู„ุจ ุงู„ุณูŠุทุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ุฏูุงุนุงุชูƒ
06:14
to match what psychologists refer to as sensation seeking.
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ู„ุชุทุงุจู‚ ู…ุง ูŠุดูŠุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ู†ูุณ ุจุงู„ุจุญุซ ุนู† ุงู„ุฅุซุงุฑุฉ.
06:17
Basically, that urge to go and do something more fun, more exciting.
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ุจุจุณุงุทุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฑุบุจุฉ ุจุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ูˆูุนู„ ุดูŠุก ุงูƒุซุฑ ุงู…ุชุงุนุงู‹ุŒ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุญู…ุงุณุฉ.
06:21
And even in the most difficult years of adolescence,
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ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุฃุตุนุจ ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‡ู‚ุฉุŒ
06:25
which are also the crucial years for educational success,
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุณู†ูˆุงุช ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ู„ู„ู†ุฌุงุญ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุŒ
06:29
girls have a reasonable balance between impulse control and sensation seeking.
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ุงู„ูุชูŠุงุช ูŠู…ู„ูƒู† ุชูˆุงุฒู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุณูŠุทุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุฒูˆุงุชุŒ ูˆุงู„ุจุญุซ ุนู† ุงู„ุฅุซุงุฑุฉ
06:36
But it's a very different story for adolescent boys.
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ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ู‚ุตุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ู„ูุชูŠุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‡ู‚ูŠู†.
06:39
They have higher levels of sensation seeking.
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ู‡ู… ูŠู…ู„ูƒูˆู† ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุญุซ ุนู† ุงู„ุงุซุงุฑุฉ
06:42
And with that less developed prefrontal cortex,
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ูˆู…ุน ู‚ุดุฑุฉ ุฌุจู‡ูŠุฉ ุฃู‚ู„ ู†ู…ูˆุงู‹ุŒ
06:45
they have significantly lower levels of impulse control.
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ู‡ู… ูŠู…ู„ูƒูˆู† ุจูุงุฑู‚ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ุจุงู„ู†ุฒูˆุงุช.
06:49
Again, on average.
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ู…ุฑู‡ ุงุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ุจุงู„ู…ุชูˆุณุท.
06:52
Now if you still don't believe me,
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ุงู„ุงู† ุงุฐุง ู…ุงุฒู„ุชู… ู„ุง ุชุตุฏู‚ูˆู†ูŠุŒ
06:55
go into any ninth or 10th grade classroom
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ุงุฐู‡ุจ ุงู„ู‰ ุงูŠ ูุตู„ ุชุงุณุน ุงูˆ ุนุงุดุฑุŒ
06:59
and ask all the students to open up their backpacks.
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ูˆุงุทู„ุจ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ ุงู† ูŠูุชุญูˆุง ุญู‚ุงุฆุจู‡ู….
07:02
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
07:04
Most, many, at least of the girls, will have pretty carefully organized,
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ุงุบู„ุจุŒ ุงูˆ ุงูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ูุชูŠุงุชุŒ ุณูˆู ูŠู…ุชู„ูƒ ุญู‚ูŠุจุฉ ู…ู†ุธู…ุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฌูŠุฏุŒ
07:09
nicely labeled binders.
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ูˆู…ู„ูุงุช ู…ู‚ุณู…ุฉ.
07:11
And for many, if not most of the boys,
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ูˆุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ ุฅุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ุฃุบู„ุจ ุงู„ูุชูŠุงู†ุŒ
07:12
it will resemble a small, controlled explosion.
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ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุฃุดุจู‡ ุจุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุตุบูŠุฑ.
07:16
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
07:19
It's not that girls are smarter than boys.
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ุงู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ุงู† ุงู„ูุชูŠุงุช ุงูƒุซุฑ ุฐูƒุงุกุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุชูŠุงู†.
07:23
There's no gender gap in intelligence levels
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ู„ุงูŠูˆุฌุฏ ูุฌูˆุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠู† ููŠ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฐูƒุงุก
07:26
in either direction.
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ููŠ ูƒู„ุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ูŠู†.
07:28
It is just that girls develop more of these non-cognitive skills,
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ู‡ูˆ ูู‚ุท ุฃู† ุงู„ูุชูŠุงุช ูŠุทูˆุฑูˆู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑููŠุฉุŒ
07:32
these "chemistry homework" skills,
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ู…ู‡ุงุฑุงุช โ€ ูˆุงุฌุจ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุกโ€ุŒ
07:35
somewhat earlier than boys do.
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ู†ูˆุนุง ู…ุง ุงุณุฑุน ู…ู† ุงู„ูุชูŠุงู†.
07:38
That's just a fact.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ.
07:40
But it is a fact that we ignore in education policy.
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ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู†ุชุฌุงู‡ู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุณูŠุงุณุฉ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู….
07:44
The second big structural problem that boys face in the classroom
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ุงู„ุนุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูƒู„ูŠ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠูˆุงุฌู‡ู‡ ุงู„ูุชูŠุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ูุตูˆู„ุŒ
07:47
is the lack of male teachers.
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ู‡ูˆ ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุฐูƒูˆุฑ.
07:49
After falling for decades,
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ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ู„ุนู‚ูˆุฏุŒ
07:50
the share of K-12 teachers who are male in the US is now just 23 percent.
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ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุฐูƒูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุงุจุชุฏุงุฆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ ูู‚ุท 23%.
07:56
And falling.
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ูˆุชุชู†ุงู‚ุต.
07:57
And the lack of male teachers matters for at least three reasons.
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ูˆุงู„ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุฐูƒูˆุฑ ูŠู‡ู… ู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„
08:01
First, for many children, [they] can be an important male role model,
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ุงูˆู„ุงู‹ุŒ ู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู… ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ุฏูˆุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ
08:04
especially if they don't have one at home.
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ุฎุงุตุชุง ุงุฐุง ู„ู… ูŠู…ู„ูƒูˆุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„.
08:07
And second, male teachers appear to be more sensitive
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ุซุงู†ูŠุงุŒ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุฐูƒูˆุฑ ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู† ุงูƒุซุฑ ุญุณุงุณูŠุฉ
08:11
to the specific challenges of boys in the classroom.
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ู„ู„ุชุญุฏูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠูˆุงุฌู‡ู‡ุง ุงู„ูุชูŠุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ูุตู„.
08:14
I can vividly remember my own experience.
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ุจุงู…ูƒุงู†ูŠ ุงู† ุงุชุฐูƒุฑ ุจูˆุถูˆุญ ุชุฌุฑุจุชูŠ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ.
08:17
I can actually still feel what it was like to sit for what felt like hours on end
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ุจุงู…ูƒุงู†ูŠ ุงู† ุงุชุฐูƒุฑ ู…ุงู‡ูˆ ุดุนูˆุฑ ุฃู† ุชุฌู„ุณ ู„ุณุงุนุงุช
08:23
on an incredibly hard plastic chair,
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ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุฑุณูŠ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠ ู‚ุงุณู
08:26
and that it was actually a male primary school teacher, Mr. Cole,
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ูˆูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุนู„ู… ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ุงุจุชุฏุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ูƒูˆู„
08:29
who gave us more opportunities to move around,
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ู…ู† ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ูุฑุต ู„ู„ุชุญุฑูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุฑุฌุงุกุŒ
08:31
made the lessons a little bit more interactive.
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ูˆุฌุนู„ ุงู„ุฏุฑูˆุณ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุชูุงุนู„ูŠุฉ.
08:35
And the third reason male teachers may matter
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ูˆุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ู„ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุฐูƒูˆุฑุŒ
08:38
is there's some evidence that,
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ุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุงู†ุŒ
08:39
especially in subjects like English,
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ุฎุงุตุชุง ููŠ ู…ูˆุงุถูŠุน ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉุŒ
08:42
which is where the boys have fallen so far behind,
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู‚ุจุน ููŠู‡ ุงู„ูุชูŠุงู† ุจุนูŠุฏุง ุจุงู„ุฎู„ูุŒ
08:45
having a male teacher seems to dispel the idea
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ุงู…ุชู„ุงูƒ ู…ุนู„ู… ุฐูƒุฑ ูŠุฒูŠู„ ููƒุฑุฉ
08:48
that reading and writing just aren't for me or for people like me.
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ุฅู† ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู„ูŠุณุช ู„ูŠ ุฃูˆ ู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ู…ุซู„ูŠ.
08:52
In a similar way to how having a female teacher
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ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุฑุจุฉ ู„ูƒูŠู ุงู…ุชู„ุงูƒ ู…ุนู„ู…ุฉ ุฃู†ุซู‰
08:55
has historically helped girls in STEM subjects.
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ู‚ุฏ ุชุงุฑูŠุฎูŠุงู‹ ุณุงุนุฏ ุงู„ูุชูŠุงุช ููŠ ู…ูˆุงุถูŠุน ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ูˆุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ูˆุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช.
09:00
Right now, in too many of our schools,
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ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ููŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุฏุงุฑุณู†ุงุŒ
09:03
our boys feel like square pegs being forced into round holes.
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ูŠุดุนุฑ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ุงุฏ ุงู†ู‡ู… ู…ุฑุจุนุงุช ุชุฌุจุฑ ุงู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุฏูˆุงุฆุฑ.
09:09
And too often our response is to try and fix the boys
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฑุฏ ูุนู„ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุตู„ุญ ุงู„ูุชูŠุงู†
09:12
rather than fix the schools.
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ุจุฏู„ุง ู…ู† ุงุตู„ุงุญ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ.
09:14
The problems of boys are turned into problems with boys.
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ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ูุชูŠุงู† ุฃุตุจุญุช ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูุชูŠุงู†.
09:20
If they struggle to sit still or pay attention
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ุฅุฐุง ุนุงู†ูˆุง ุตุนูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆุณ ุจู„ุง ุญุฑุงูƒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุจุงู‡
09:22
or apply themselves to a task,
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ุงูˆ ุชุทุจู‚ ุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงู…ุŒ
09:24
they may be diagnosed with some kind of disability.
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ุฑุจู…ุง ูŠุชู… ุชุดุฎูŠุตู‡ู… ุจู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุนุงู‚ุฉ.
09:27
Their problems are thus medicalized and often medicated.
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ู…ุดุงูƒู„ู‡ู… ุญูŠู†ุฆุฐ ูŠุชู‡ู… ู…ุนุงู…ู„ุชู‡ุง ุทุจูŠุงู‹ุŒ ูˆูŠุชู… ุนู„ุงุฌู‡ุง.
09:32
In the US today, 23 percent of school-age boys
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ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ 23% ู…ู† ุงู„ูุชูŠุงู† ุจุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ
09:35
have been diagnosed with some form of developmental disability.
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ู‚ุฏ ุชู… ุชุดุฎูŠุตู‡ู… ุจู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุนุงู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ.
09:39
Twice the rate for girls.
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ุจุถุนู ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู„ ู„ู„ูุชูŠุงุช.
09:41
ADHD, as you might expect, is the most common.
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ุฅุถุทุฑุงุจ ูุฑุท ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูˆุชุดุชุช ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุจุงู‡ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุชุชูˆู‚ุนูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุดูŠูˆุนุงู‹.
ูˆู„ูƒู† ุญู‚ุงู‹ุŒ
09:45
But really,
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09:47
when one in four of our boys has a developmental disability,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูุชูŠุงู† ูŠู…ู„ูƒ ุฅุนุงู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ
09:53
it seems clear to me that it is the system which is disabling
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ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ูˆุงุถุญ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ูŠุณุจุจ ุงู„ุฅุนุงู‚ุฉ
09:57
rather than the boys who are disabled.
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ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุฃู† ุงู„ูุชูŠุงู† ู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุนุงู‚ูŠู†.
09:59
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
10:04
Now, there's a lot we can do
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ุงู„ุงู†ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู†ุง ูุนู„ู‡
10:06
to make the education system work better for boys.
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ู„ุฌุนู„ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูุถู„ ู„ู„ูุชูŠุงู†.
10:09
Let's start with those two big problems,
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ู„ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุงูˆู„ุงู‹ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุชูŠู† ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุชูŠู†
10:11
of later brain development and lack of male teachers.
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ุจู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุนู‚ู„ ุงู„ู…ุชุฃุฎุฑุŒ ูˆู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุฐูƒูˆุฑ.
10:14
So first, we should start boys in school a year later.
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ุงูˆู„ุงู‹ุŒ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ู†ุฌุนู„ ุงู„ูุชูŠุงู† ูŠุจุฏุฃูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุจุณู†ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุชุงุฎุฑุฉ.
10:18
And the idea there is to level the playing field,
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ูˆุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ู†ุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุจุงู„ู…ู„ุนุจุŒ
10:21
given those differences in the timing of brain development.
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ู†ุธุฑุงู‹ ู„ุงูˆู„ุฆูƒ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ุจุชูˆู‚ูŠุช ุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ.
10:24
And actually that's already quite common practice
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุชุตุฑู ู…ุนุฑูˆู
10:26
at private schools and in lots of affluent communities,
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ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช ุงู„ุซุฑูŠุฉ
10:29
but it's actually not the boys from rich families
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ูุชูŠุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุงุช ุงู„ุซุฑูŠุฉ
10:32
who will benefit the most from that extra year.
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ู…ู† ุณูˆู ูŠู†ุชูุน ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฅุถุงููŠุฉ.
10:35
It's the boys from lower-income,
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ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ูุชูŠุงู† ุฐูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฎูุถ
10:36
poorer neighborhoods and families
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ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุงุช ูˆุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงุก ุงู„ุฃูู‚ุฑ
10:38
who would most benefit from the gift of extra time for development.
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ู…ู† ุณูˆู ูŠู†ุชูุน ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฅุถุงููŠุฉ ู„ู„ู†ู…ูˆ.
10:42
And that's why I think this should be a question of public policy.
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ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู†ุง ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ู‚ุงุด ุนู† ุณูŠุงุณุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ.
10:47
Second, we need to recruit hundreds of thousands more male teachers,
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ุซุงู†ูŠุงุŒ ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ู†ูˆุธู ู…ุฆุงุช ุงู„ุขู„ุงู ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุฐูƒูˆุฑ
10:52
especially in subjects like English,
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ุฎุงุตุชุง ููŠ ู…ูˆุงุฏ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ
10:54
where the boys are struggling so much
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠุนุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ูุชูŠุงู† ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุนูˆุจุงุช
10:56
and which is the subject men are least likely to be teaching.
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงู‹ ุฃู† ูŠุชูˆุธูู‡ุง ุฑุฌุงู„.
11:00
And here I think we can draw some really good lessons
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ูˆุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู† ู†ุงุฎุฐ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุฌูŠุฏุฉ
11:03
from the successful movement
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุฌุญุฉ
11:05
to get more women and girls interested in STEM subjects.
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ู„ุฌุนู„ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุชูŠุงุช ูˆุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ู…ู‡ุชู…ุงุช ุจู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ูˆุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง.
11:08
So that means setting clear targets, launching public campaigns
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ุฅุฐุง ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุถุน ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ูˆุงุถุญุฉุŒ ุงุทู„ุงู‚ ุญู…ู„ุงุช ุนุงู…ุฉ.
11:12
and offering financial scholarships
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ูˆุชูˆููŠุฑ ู…ู†ุญ ู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ
11:15
to men who want to enter teaching as a profession.
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ู„ู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุฏุฎู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ูƒูˆุธูŠูุฉ.
11:19
Of course, those are changes that will take time.
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ุจุงู„ุชุงูƒูŠุฏุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ุณูˆู ุชุงุฎุฐ ูˆู‚ุช.
11:21
Those are long-term changes.
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ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงู…ุฏ
11:23
And there are millions of boys and men who are struggling right now.
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ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ูุชูŠุงู† ูˆุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ู…ู† ูŠุนุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุขู†.
11:28
And so if you're a parent or a teacher working with a boy or a young man
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ูˆุงุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ูˆุงู„ุฏุงู‹ ุฃูˆ ู…ุนู„ู… ูŠุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ูˆู„ุฏ ุงูˆ ุดุงุจ
11:32
who's in difficulty right now,
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ู…ู† ูŠู…ุฑ ุจุตุนูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ุขู†
11:33
my message to you is, first,
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ุฑุณุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ูƒ ุงูˆู„ุงุŒ
11:36
be careful not to even inadvertently judge him against a female standard
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ุงู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุญุฐุฑ ุญุชู‰ ู…ู† ุฏูˆู† ู‚ุตุฏ ุฃู† ุชุญูƒู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจู…ุนูŠุงุฑ ุงู†ุซูˆูŠู‘
11:41
or blame him if he's struggling in a system
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ุฃูˆ ุฃู† ุชู„ูˆู…ู‡ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ูŠุนุงู†ูŠ ููŠ ู†ุธุงู…
11:43
that just might not be working very well for him.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุนู…ู„ ู…ุนู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฌูŠุฏ.
11:46
Recognize and respect the ways in which he's different.
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ุชุนุฑู ูˆุงุญุชุฑู… ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุฎุชู„ู.
11:50
Don't say,
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ู„ุง ุชู‚ู„ุŒ
11:52
"Why can't you be more like your sister?"
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โ€œู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ุง ุชุตุจุญ ู…ุซู„ ุงุฎุชูƒุŸโ€
11:56
Try not to even think that.
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ุญุงูˆู„ ุญุชู‰ ู„ุง ุฃู† ุชููƒุฑ ุจู‡ุฐุง.
11:59
It's very important that we don't treat our boys
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ุงู†ู‡ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ู…ู‡ู… ุงู† ู„ุง ู†ุนุงู…ู„ ุงูˆู„ุงุฏู†ุง
12:02
as if they were malfunctioning girls.
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ูƒู…ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูุชูŠุงุช ุจุฎู„ู„.
12:06
And the second message to those people, cousins, parents, neighbors, friends,
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ูˆุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุฃูˆู„ุฆูƒ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุตุŒ ุงุจู†ุงุก ุนู…ุŒ ุงุจุงุกุŒ ุฌูŠุฑุงู†ุŒ ุฃุตุฏู‚ุงุก
12:10
uncles, coaches, anybody working with a boy or a young man
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ุงุนู…ุงู…ุŒ ู…ุฏุฑุจูˆู†ุŒ ุฃูŠ ุดุฎุต ูŠุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ูˆู„ุฏ ุงูˆ ุดุงุจ
12:14
who is struggling right now, is simply, thank you.
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ู…ู† ูŠุนุงู†ูŠ ุตุนูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉุŒ ุดูƒุฑุง ู„ูƒ.
12:18
Thank you.
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ุดูƒุฑุง ู„ูƒ.
12:20
They do need you.
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ู‡ู… ูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆู† ุฅู„ูŠูƒ.
12:23
Of course,
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ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏุŒ
12:24
doing more for boys and men
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ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู„ู„ูุชูŠุงู† ูˆุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„
12:26
doesn't mean doing any less for women and girls.
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ู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู…ู„ ุฃู‚ู„ ู„ู„ู†ุณุงุก ูˆุงู„ูุชูŠุงุช.
12:29
Thatโ€™s like saying to the parent of a son and daughter:
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ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุซู„ ู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠู† ู„ุงุจู† ูˆุงุจู†ุฉ:
12:32
"You're only allowed to care about one of them."
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" ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ู„ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุนุชู†ูŠ ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ูู‚ุทโ€
12:35
And it's the kind of zero-sum thinking
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุฐูˆ ุญุตูŠู„ุฉ ุตูุฑูŠุฉ
12:37
that is doing so much damage to our politics and to our culture.
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ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุฑ ู„ุณูŠุงุณุชู†ุง ูˆุซู‚ุงูุชู†ุง.
12:41
We can think two thoughts at once.
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ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุจุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ุนุงู‹
12:43
We can do two things at once.
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ุจุงู…ูƒุงู†ู†ุง ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ุนุงู‹
12:45
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
12:47
Two thoughts at once, two things at once.
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ููƒุฑูŠู† ู…ุนุงู‹ุŒ ุดูŠุฆูŠู† ู…ุนุงู‹.
12:49
That's why Norway,
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ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุฑูˆูŠุฌ
12:52
a country that's made huge investments,
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ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุนู„ู…ุช ุงุณุชุซู…ุงุฑ ุถุฎู…ุŒ
12:53
quite rightly for women and girls,
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ุจุดูƒู„ ุตุญูŠุญ ู„ู„ู†ุณุงุก ูˆุงู„ูุชูŠุงุชุŒ
12:55
but where boys and men have now fallen behind on many measures,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃูŠู† ุงู„ูุชูŠุงู† ูˆุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ู‚ุฏ ู‚ุจุนูˆุง ุจุงู„ุฎู„ู ุจุนุฏุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูŠูŠุณุŒ
12:58
has launched a commission for boys and men.
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ู‚ุฏ ุนู…ู„ุช ู„ุฌู†ุฉ ู„ู„ูุชูŠุงู† ูˆุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„.
13:01
I've talked about education today,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุชุญุฏุซุช ุนู† ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ
13:03
but there are many other areas where many boys and men are struggling,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุชูŠุงู† ูˆุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„
13:06
including in mental health, including suicide risk.
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ู…ุชุถู…ู†ุงู‹ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุตุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ูุณูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุฎุทุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุญุงุฑ.
13:10
Loneliness and belonging,
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ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ุงู†ุชู…ุงุกุŒ
13:12
family life, employment.
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ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูˆุธูŠู.
13:15
And I don't think we can afford to get this wrong.
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ู„ุง ุฃุธู† ุฃู† ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุชุญู…ู„ ุงู† ู†ูู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง ุฎุทุฆุงู‹.
13:19
If there are real problems in a society,
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ุงุฐุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุŒ
13:23
and responsible people don't acknowledge and address them,
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ูˆุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูˆู† ู„ุง ูŠุนุชุฑููˆู† ุจู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ูŠุนุงู„ุฌูˆู†ู‡ุง
13:28
irresponsible people will exploit them.
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ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‡ุชุฑุฉ ุณูˆู ุชุณุชุบู„ู‡ุง.
13:32
And that is already happening on this issue,
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ูŠุญุตู„ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ
13:34
both online and at the ballot box.
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ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุงูุชุฑุงุถูŠ ูˆุตู†ุงุฏูŠู‚ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุฑุงุน.
13:37
We cannot leave a vacuum by neglecting this issue.
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ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุชุฑูƒ ูุฑุงุบุงู‹ ุจุชุฌุงู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ.
13:42
The future cannot be female.
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ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู†ุซู‰.
13:46
Nor, of course, can the future be male.
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ูˆู„ุงุŒ ุจุงู„ุชุงูƒูŠุฏุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฐูƒุฑ.
13:50
The future has to be for every single one of us, every boy and girl,
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ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ุงุŒ ูƒู„ ูุชู‰ ูˆูุชุงุฉ
13:53
we have to rise together.
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ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ู†ู†ู‡ุถ ู…ุนุงู‹.
13:56
Thank you.
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ุดูƒุฑุง ู„ูƒู…
13:57
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
14:06
(Applause ends)
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(ูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุตููŠู‚)
14:08
Chris Anderson: Thank you, Richard.
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ูƒุฑุณ ุงู†ุฏุฑุณูˆู†: ุดูƒุฑุง ู„ูƒ ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ.
14:09
I've got a question for you.
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ุงู…ู„ูƒ ุณุคุงู„ุงู‹ ู„ูƒ.
14:11
Come this way.
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ุชุนุงู„ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง.
14:13
So you gave great advice there for the system as a whole,
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ุงุฐุงู‹ ุงู†ุช ุงุนุทูŠุช ู†ุตูŠุญุฉ ู„ู„ู†ุธุงู… ูƒูƒู„ุŒ
14:16
for teachers, for parents.
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ู„ู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุขุจุงุก.
14:18
But suppose you're a 14-year-old boy listening to this talk.
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ู„ูƒู† ุงูุชุฑุถ ุงู†ูƒ ุตุจูŠ ุจุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุนุดุฑุฉุŒ ูŠุณุชู…ุน ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ.
14:21
What would you say to him?
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ู…ุงุฐุง ุณูˆู ุชู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ุŸ
14:23
Richard Reeves: Huh.
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ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ ุฑูŠูŠู: ู‡ุง
14:25
Well, the first thing Iโ€™d say is that if you are struggling at school
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ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ุงูˆู„ ุดูŠ ุณุงู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ุŒ ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุช ุชุนุงู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ
14:28
or in some aspects of your life,
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ุฃูˆ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุญูŠ ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชูƒุŒ
14:29
that's almost certainly not just your fault.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุญุชู…ุง ู„ูŠุณ ุฎุทุฃูƒ.
14:32
It may be that the system is just not working for you.
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ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ุฃุฌู„ูƒ.
14:34
The second thing I would say is ...
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ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุŒ ุณูˆู ุงู‚ูˆู„...
14:38
We see you.
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ู†ุญู† ู†ุฑุงูƒ.
14:40
We've got you.
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ู†ุญู† ู…ุนูƒ.
14:41
We understand, we've got your back.
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ู†ุญู† ู†ูู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆู†ุฏุนู…ูƒ.
14:43
And the third thing I would say is, don't follow the people
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ูˆุงู„ุดูŠ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุŒ ู„ุง ุชุชุจุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
14:47
who say that the reason you're struggling is because women are flourishing.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† ุงู† ุณุจุจ ู…ุนุงู†ุงุชูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ูŠุฒุฏู‡ุฑู†.
14:52
Or because of feminism.
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ุงูˆ ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ู†ุณูˆูŠุฉ.
14:53
Or because of changes in society.
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ุฃูˆ ุจุณุจุจ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน.
14:55
That we somehow have to,
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ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุงุŒ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู†ุŒ
14:56
in order to lift boys up,
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ู„ูƒูŠ ู†ุฑูุน ุงู„ูุชูŠุงู†ุŒ
14:57
we have to somehow push women and girls back down again.
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ูŠุฌุจ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุง ุฃู† ู†ุฏูุน ุงู„ูุชูŠุงุช ูˆุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ู„ู„ุฎู„ู ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰.
15:00
Don't fall for that.
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ู„ุง ุชู‚ุน ู„ู‡ุฐุง.
15:01
Understand that we get that you're struggling,
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ุงูู‡ู… ุงู†ู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู ุงู†ูƒ ุชุนุงู†ูŠุŒ
15:04
but don't turn this into zero-sum.
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ู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ุชุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‰ ุญุตูŠู„ุฉ ุตูุฑูŠุฉ.
15:06
Don't turn to some of the darker corners of the internet where unfortunately,
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ู„ุง ุชุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุธู„ู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑู†ุช ุญูŠุซ ู„ู„ุฃุณูุŒ
15:10
that is the message many of our boys are getting.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู„ู‚ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุชูŠุงู†.
15:12
But the first part that's really important,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุงูˆู„ ุญู‚ุงู‹ ู…ู‡ู…ุŒ
15:14
that whole conversation that we had about belonging,
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ุงู„ู…ุญุงุฏุซุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชู…ุงุกุŒ
15:17
the wonderful difference in belonging,
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ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู…ุงุกุŒ
15:19
if our boys don't feel that they belong,
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ุงุฐุง ุงูˆู„ุงุฏู†ุง ู„ุง ูŠุดุนุฑูˆู† ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠู†ุชู…ูˆู†ุŒ
15:22
that we've got them, that we see them,
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ุงู†ู†ุง ู†ูู‡ู…ู‡ู…ุŒ ุงู†ู†ุง ู†ุฑุงู‡ู…ุŒ
15:25
they're going to be much more vulnerable to those voices.
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ู‡ู… ุณูˆู ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุนุฑุถุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุตูˆุงุช
15:27
So don't listen to those voices, but we need them to listen to us instead.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุง ุชุณู…ุน ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุตูˆุงุชุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู†ุญุชุงุฌู‡ู… ู„ูŠุณุชู…ุนูˆุง ุฅู„ูŠู†ุง
15:31
CA: Thank you so much.
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ ุงู†ุฏุฑุณูˆู†: ุดูƒุฑุงู‹ ุฌุฒูŠู„ุง ู„ูƒ
15:32
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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